JP2018121527A - Hydroponic device for fruits and vegetables - Google Patents
Hydroponic device for fruits and vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018121527A JP2018121527A JP2017009841A JP2017009841A JP2018121527A JP 2018121527 A JP2018121527 A JP 2018121527A JP 2017009841 A JP2017009841 A JP 2017009841A JP 2017009841 A JP2017009841 A JP 2017009841A JP 2018121527 A JP2018121527 A JP 2018121527A
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- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- 241000220223 Fragaria Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】冬季の場合には水温を効率よく昇温させることができ、また夏季においては湧水や地下水を有効に利用することにより効果的に冷房することができるとともに、装置が単純で非常に効率的に養液栽培することが可能な野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置を提供する。【解決手段】直径が１０ｃｍ以上の複数の循環パイプ１３を連結して形成された養液の循環路１２と、別途設置された循環ポンプ１５を備えた養液貯留槽１４と、この養液貯留槽と前記循環パイプとの間に配設され、前記養液貯留槽から前記循環パイプに養液を送り込む給液管１６とを備え、前記循環パイプの周囲は断熱層１３ａで被覆するとともに、該積層構造物の上部に適宜間隔で植付け用の植付け孔１７を開け、該植付け孔に取り付けたスリット付きの可撓性のあるシートないしマットに野菜あるいは果実の苗２１を植え付けるようにしたことを特徴とする野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１。【選択図】図１[PROBLEMS] To efficiently raise the water temperature in winter, and in summer, it can be effectively cooled by using spring water and groundwater effectively, and the apparatus is simple and extremely A hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits that can be efficiently hydroponically cultivated is provided. A nutrient solution circulation path formed by connecting a plurality of circulation pipes having a diameter of 10 cm or more, a nutrient solution storage tank having a separately installed circulation pump, and the nutrient solution storage. A liquid supply pipe 16 disposed between the tank and the circulation pipe, for feeding the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the circulation pipe, and surrounding the circulation pipe with a heat insulating layer 13a; A planting hole 17 for planting is formed at an appropriate interval in the upper part of the laminated structure, and a vegetable or fruit seedling 21 is planted on a flexible sheet or mat with a slit attached to the planting hole. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 for vegetables and fruits. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
この発明は、野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置に関し、特に塩ビ管などの樹脂パイプあるいは金属パイプを利用した野菜・果実等を水耕栽培する野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits, and more particularly, to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits that hydroponically cultivates vegetables and fruits using resin pipes such as PVC pipes or metal pipes.
例えば、イチゴの促成栽培等においては、温室やビニールハウスなどの植物栽培用ハウス内で、マルチングなどのシートを培土の上に張って被せ、そこに苗を植え付けることにより、室内を加温するとともに地温をも加温することにより、冬季でも結実させることができるようにしたものが知られている。
しかしながら、寒冷地で冬季に例えば高級果実などの栽培を行う場合には、外気温が特に低いので、重油や軽油等の化石燃料を使用した暖房を行うことが必要であり、コストが大幅に上昇するとともに、地球温暖化や大気汚染をもたらす要因ともなっている。
For example, in forcing cultivation of strawberries, in a greenhouse for greenhouses or greenhouses such as greenhouses, a sheet such as mulching is placed on the soil and covered with seedlings to heat the room. It has been known that it is possible to produce fruit even in winter by heating the ground temperature.
However, when growing high-quality fruits, etc. in the cold in winter, the outside air temperature is particularly low, so heating using fossil fuels such as heavy oil and light oil is necessary, which greatly increases costs. At the same time, it has become a cause of global warming and air pollution.
そこで、本発明者は塩ビ管などの循環パイプで養液を循環させるシステムにより野菜や果実が栽培できないかと考え、本発明に想到したのである。
ところでイチゴは低温に強く高温に弱い。特に夏季においては高温によりイチゴ生産はほとんどされていない。そこで完全な水耕栽培により根の部分を温度調整（夏は養液を冷やし、冬は養液を温めて根に適当な温度コントロールを行う）することで、根の生育また根の上部（クラウン）の光と温度制御の必要部分をコントロールし、生育性を高めることが最も重要な課題であると考え水耕栽培でのイチゴ生産を開発することとしたのである。
ただし、実験の経過では夏季の３８℃前後の高温であっても風通しがよくて根が冷やされていれば生育にはあまり問題ないことが分かった。また、冬季の寒さには耐えられるが成長は遅れるため温度調節が必要であると考えられる。
Therefore, the present inventor thought that vegetables and fruits could be cultivated by a system that circulates nutrient solution with a circulation pipe such as a PVC pipe, and came up with the present invention.
By the way, strawberries are strong at low temperatures and weak at high temperatures. Especially in summer, strawberries are hardly produced due to high temperatures. Therefore, the temperature of the root part is adjusted by complete hydroponics (cooling the nutrient solution in the summer, warming the nutrient solution in the winter and controlling the temperature appropriately for the root), so that the root growth or the upper part of the root (crown) I decided to develop strawberry production in hydroponics, considering that the most important issue is to control the necessary parts of light and temperature control.
However, in the course of the experiment, it was found that even if the temperature was around 38 ° C. in the summer, if there was good ventilation and the roots were cooled, there was not much problem with growth. In addition, although it can withstand the cold weather in winter, growth is delayed and it is considered that temperature adjustment is necessary.
なお上述のような循環パイプを用いる水耕栽培については以下のような発明が提案されている。
特開平８−５１８５７号公報（特許文献１参照）には、親株からランナーを発生させて子苗を育苗し、次に各子苗を採苗して本圃に直接定植し、本圃では、夜間、冷却液を根圏部に供給して夜冷を行うことを特徴とし、さらに少なくとも根圏部の上方を断熱材で覆って夜冷を行うようにしたイチゴの栽培方法が提案されている。
In addition, the following invention is proposed about the hydroponics using the above circulation pipes.
In JP-A-8-51857 (see Patent Document 1), a runner is generated from a parent strain to raise seedlings, then each seedling is collected and directly planted in the main field. A method for cultivating strawberries has been proposed in which a cooling liquid is supplied to the rhizosphere part to perform night cooling, and at least the upper part of the rhizosphere part is covered with a heat insulating material to perform night cooling.
また特開２０１６−８２９３８号公報（特許文献２参照）には植物を支持し、育成する支持部材、及び該支持部材に接触して配置され、支持部材に養液を給液する給液手段を有し、前記支持部材と前記給液手段とが固定され、かつ前記給液手段が不織布である栽培用具が提案されている。
さらに、特開２０１４−３９５３８号公報（特許文献３参照）には、植物を栽培するための栽培槽の底部に給水用の導水管を配置し、その導水管が栽培槽の片端に取り付けられた給水口と、もう一方の端に取り付けられた排水口とＵ字状に連接されていて、導水管と栽培槽内部側の給水口および排水口には通水のための孔が設けられ、給水管から送られてきた液肥を栽培槽内部に供給する構造とし、植物の根の拡張に伴ってこれらの孔から管内部への根が侵入することを防止するために、通水性と根の侵入の阻止能力を備えた梱包材で栽培槽内部の水管系統が隙間なく梱包されている栽培槽の給水装置が提案されている。
JP-A-2016-82938 (see Patent Document 2) includes a support member that supports and grows plants, and a liquid supply means that is disposed in contact with the support member and supplies nutrient solution to the support member. And a cultivation tool in which the support member and the liquid supply means are fixed and the liquid supply means is a non-woven fabric.
Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-39538 (see Patent Document 3), a water conduit for water supply is arranged at the bottom of a cultivation tank for growing plants, and the conduit is attached to one end of the cultivation tank. A water supply port and a drainage port attached to the other end are connected in a U-shape, and the water supply pipe and the water supply port on the inside of the cultivation tank and the drainage port are provided with holes for passing water. It is structured to supply liquid fertilizer sent from the pipe to the inside of the cultivation tank, and in order to prevent the root from entering into the pipe through these holes as the root of the plant expands, water permeability and root intrusion There has been proposed a water supply device for a cultivation tank in which the water pipe system inside the cultivation tank is packed without any gaps with a packing material having a blocking ability.
しかしながら、前記した特許文献１ないし特許文献３に記載されたいずれの先行技術においても、長期間にわたって安定的に野菜や果実を栽培することはできなかった。 However, in any of the prior arts described in Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 3 described above, vegetables and fruits could not be cultivated stably over a long period of time.
そこで、この発明は上記した事情に鑑み、冬季の場合には水温を効率よく昇温させることができ、また夏季においては湧水や地下水を有効に利用することにより効果的に冷房することができるとともに、装置が単純であり、かつ非常に効率的に養液栽培することが可能な野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置を提供することを目的とするものである。 Therefore, in view of the circumstances described above, the present invention can efficiently increase the water temperature in the winter season, and can effectively cool the summer season by effectively using spring water and groundwater. At the same time, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits that has a simple apparatus and can be hydroponically cultivated very efficiently.
すなわち、この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置は、直径が１０ｃｍ以上の樹脂パイプないし金属パイプからなる複数の循環パイプを連結して形成された養液の循環路と、別途設置された循環ポンプを備えた養液貯留槽と、この養液貯留槽と前記循環パイプとの間に配設され、前記養液貯留槽から前記循環パイプに養液を送り込む給液管とを備え、
前記循環パイプの周囲は断熱層で被覆するとともに、該積層構造物の上部に適宜間隔で植付け用の植付け孔を開け、該植付け孔に取り付けたスリット付きの可撓性のあるシートないしマットに野菜あるいは果実の苗を植え付けるようにしたことを特徴とするものである。
That is, the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention has a nutrient solution circulation path formed by connecting a plurality of circulation pipes made of resin pipes or metal pipes having a diameter of 10 cm or more, and a separately installed circulation. A nutrient solution storage tank provided with a pump, and a liquid supply pipe that is disposed between the nutrient solution storage tank and the circulation pipe and feeds the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the circulation pipe,
The circumference of the circulation pipe is covered with a heat insulating layer, and a planting hole for planting is formed at an appropriate interval above the laminated structure, and a flexible sheet or mat with a slit attached to the planting hole is used for vegetables. Or it is characterized by planting fruit seedlings.
この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置において、前記養液貯留槽から前記循環パイプに養液を送り込む給液管は、前記循環パイプ端面に設けた栓に連結した小径サイズの樹脂パイプないし金属パイプからなり、前記循環パイプ内を養液が緩やかに循環できるようにしたことをも特徴とするものである。 In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits according to the present invention, the feed pipe for feeding the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the circulation pipe is a small diameter resin pipe or metal connected to a stopper provided on the end surface of the circulation pipe. It is also characterized by comprising a pipe and allowing the nutrient solution to circulate gently in the circulation pipe.
この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置において、前記養液貯留槽から前記循環パイプに養液を送り込む給液管は、前記循環パイプと流量調節弁を介して連結され、前記循環パイプ内を循環する養液の量が調節できるようにしたことをも特徴とするものである。 In the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, a supply pipe for feeding a nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the circulation pipe is connected to the circulation pipe via a flow control valve, and the inside of the circulation pipe is connected. It is also characterized by the fact that the amount of circulating nutrient solution can be adjusted.
この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置において、前記養液貯留槽は、外面を断熱層で被覆するとともに、その内部には湧水・地下水ないし水道水を循環させる熱交換パイプが配設してあり、該熱交換パイプに適宜温度の水を通すことにより養液の温度管理が行えるようにしたことをも特徴とするものである。 In the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, the nutrient solution storage tank has an outer surface covered with a heat insulating layer, and a heat exchange pipe for circulating spring water, groundwater or tap water is disposed inside the tank. It is also characterized in that the temperature of the nutrient solution can be controlled by passing water at an appropriate temperature through the heat exchange pipe.
この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置において、前記養液貯留槽は、外面を断熱層で被覆するとともに、その内部には熱交換用の内槽が配設してあり、該内槽内に適宜温度の水を充填ことにより養液の温度管理が行えるようにしたことをも特徴とするものである。 In the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, the nutrient solution storage tank has an outer surface covered with a heat insulating layer, and an inner tank for heat exchange is disposed therein, and the inner tank It is also characterized in that the temperature of the nutrient solution can be controlled by appropriately filling water with water.
この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置において、前記スリット付きの可撓性のあるシートないしマットは、中心位置から放射状に切り込まれたスリットを配してなることをも特徴とするものである。 In the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, the flexible sheet or mat with slits is characterized in that slits cut radially from the center position are arranged. is there.
この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置は、植物栽培用ハウス内に設置した野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置であって、直径が１０ｃｍ以上の樹脂パイプないし金属パイプからなる複数の循環パイプを連結して形成された養液の循環路と、別途設置された養液貯留槽と、この養液貯留槽と前記循環パイプとの間に配設され、前記養液貯留槽から前記循環パイプに養液を送り込む給液管とを備え、
前記循環パイプの周囲は断熱層で被覆するとともに、該積層構造物の上部に適宜間隔で植付け用の孔を開けて野菜あるいは果実の苗を植え付けるようにしたことを特徴とするものである。
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits according to the present invention is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits installed in a plant cultivation house, comprising a plurality of circulation pipes made of resin pipes or metal pipes having a diameter of 10 cm or more. A nutrient solution circulation path formed by coupling, a nutrient solution storage tank installed separately, and the nutrient solution storage tank and the circulation pipe are disposed between the nutrient solution storage tank and the circulation pipe. A feed pipe for feeding nutrient solution,
The circumference of the circulation pipe is covered with a heat insulating layer, and planting holes are planted at appropriate intervals in the upper part of the laminated structure to plant vegetable or fruit seedlings.
この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置において、前記植物栽培用ハウスは、前記ハウス内に設置したラジエータ内を湧水・地下水ないし水道水の１３℃前後の水を循環させるとともに、ラジエータ近傍に配設したファンでラジエータの温度を吸い出すことにより室内温度調整するようにしたことをも特徴とするものである。 In the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the plant cultivation house circulates spring water, ground water or tap water around 13 ° C. in the radiator installed in the house, and in the vicinity of the radiator. It is also characterized in that the indoor temperature is adjusted by sucking out the temperature of the radiator with the arranged fan.
以上説明してきたようにこの発明によれば、野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置やそれを収容した植物栽培用ハウスを湧水・地下水や水道水で効率的に温度管理することができる。
すなわち、この発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置は、直径が１０ｃｍ以上の樹脂パイプないし金属パイプからなる複数の循環パイプを連結して形成された養液の循環路、および別途設けた養液貯留槽とこの循環パイプとを給液管で連結しており、非常にシンプルな構造で組立や分解を誰でも簡単に行うことができるようになった。
特に培地を使用しておらず、根にストレスをかけることがないために生育状況が良好であるばかりか、培地を使用しないために直接養液が根に接触することとなり、養液を非常に効率よく使用することが可能である。
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently manage the temperature of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits and a plant cultivation house that houses the apparatus using spring water, groundwater, or tap water.
That is, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits according to the present invention includes a nutrient solution circulation path formed by connecting a plurality of circulation pipes made of resin pipes or metal pipes having a diameter of 10 cm or more, and a nutrient solution provided separately. The storage tank and this circulation pipe are connected by a liquid supply pipe, and anyone can easily assemble and disassemble with a very simple structure.
In particular, the culture medium is not used and the roots are not stressed, so the growth situation is good, and because no culture medium is used, the nutrient solution comes in direct contact with the roots, It can be used efficiently.
また前記循環パイプの周囲は断熱層で被覆するとともに、該積層構造物の上部に適宜間隔で植付け用の植付け孔を開け、該植付け孔に取り付けたスリット付きの可撓性のあるシートないしマットに野菜あるいは果実の苗を植え付けるようにしたものであり、例えばイチゴであれば冬季に植物栽培用ハウスなしの屋外でも栽培することができ、また根が太っても可撓性のあるシートないしマットのスリットによって簡単に対応することができる。 The circumference of the circulation pipe is covered with a heat insulating layer, and a planting hole for planting is formed at an appropriate interval in the upper part of the laminated structure, and a flexible sheet or mat with a slit attached to the planting hole is provided. Vegetables or fruit seedlings are planted. For example, if a strawberry is used, it can be cultivated outdoors without a house for plant cultivation in the winter. It can be easily handled by the slit.
以下、この発明の好適な実施例について添付図面を参照しながら説明する。
図１はこの発明の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１の１実施例を示すものであり、直径が１０ｃｍ〜１５ｃｍの樹脂パイプないし金属パイプからなる複数の循環パイプ１３を連結して形成された養液の循環路１２と、別途設置された循環ポンプ１５を備えた養液貯留槽１４と、この養液貯留槽１４と前記循環パイプ１３との間に配設され、前記養液貯留槽１４から前記循環パイプ１３に養液を送り込む給液管１６とを備えている。
また、前記循環パイプ１３の周囲は発泡スチロールやポリエチレン発泡体、ポリウレタン等からなる断熱層１３ａで被覆するとともに、該積層構造物（１３，１３ａ）の上部には適宜間隔で植付け用の植付け孔１７が複数開けてある。
１８（図３参照）は、該植付け孔１７に嵌着あるいは接着等の手段で取り付けたスリット付きの可撓性のあるシートないしマットで、この可撓性のあるシートないしマット１８のスリット１９から野菜あるいは果実の苗２１が植え付けてある。
この例では前記循環パイプ１３の周囲を発泡スチロールやポリエチレン発泡体、ポリウレタン等からなる断熱層１３ａで被覆してあり、したがって管内の温度が安定すると同時に、養液温度を定温にすることができる。
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 according to the present invention, which is formed by connecting a plurality of circulation pipes 13 made of resin pipes or metal pipes having a diameter of 10 cm to 15 cm. A nutrient solution circulation path 14, a nutrient solution storage tank 14 provided with a separately installed circulation pump 15, and a nutrient solution storage tank 14 disposed between the nutrient solution storage tank 14 and the circulation pipe 13. And a liquid supply pipe 16 for feeding the nutrient solution to the circulation pipe 13.
The periphery of the circulation pipe 13 is covered with a heat insulating layer 13a made of foamed polystyrene, polyethylene foam, polyurethane, or the like, and planting holes 17 for planting are formed at appropriate intervals in the upper portion of the laminated structure (13, 13a). There are several open.
18 (see FIG. 3) is a flexible sheet or mat with a slit attached to the planting hole 17 by means such as fitting or bonding, and from the slit 19 of this flexible sheet or mat 18. A vegetable or fruit seedling 21 is planted.
In this example, the circumference of the circulation pipe 13 is covered with a heat insulating layer 13a made of foamed polystyrene, polyethylene foam, polyurethane or the like, so that the temperature in the pipe is stabilized and the nutrient solution temperature can be kept constant.
なお、本実施例の前記野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１において、前記養液貯留槽１４から前記循環パイプ１３に養液を送り込む給液管１６は、前記循環パイプ１３端面に設けた栓１３ｂの近傍に連結した２ｃｍ〜３ｃｍ程度の小径サイズの樹脂パイプないし金属パイプからなり、したがって前記給液管１６から送り込まれる養液は前記循環パイプ１３の容量に対して少なく、そのため前記循環パイプ１３内を養液が緩やかに循環できるのである。
このようにすれば養液が循環し、また養液に酸素を取り込むこともできるため野菜や果実の根の成長を促すことができる。
In the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 of the present embodiment, the liquid supply pipe 16 that feeds the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank 14 to the circulation pipe 13 is a plug 13b provided on the end surface of the circulation pipe 13. The resin pipe or the metal pipe having a small diameter of about 2 cm to 3 cm connected in the vicinity of the pipe, and therefore, the nutrient solution fed from the liquid supply pipe 16 is less than the capacity of the circulation pipe 13. The nutrient solution can circulate slowly.
In this way, the nutrient solution circulates and oxygen can be taken into the nutrient solution, so that growth of vegetables and fruit roots can be promoted.
さらに本実施例の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１において、前記養液貯留槽１４から前記循環パイプ１３に養液を送り込む給液管１６は、前記循環パイプ１３と例えばダイヤル式の流量調節弁Ｓを介して連結されている。これによって前記循環パイプ１３内を循環する養液の量は任意かつより細かく調節することができるようになっている。 Further, in the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 of the present embodiment, the liquid supply pipe 16 that feeds the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank 14 to the circulation pipe 13 includes the circulation pipe 13 and, for example, a dial-type flow control valve. They are connected via S. As a result, the amount of nutrient solution circulating in the circulation pipe 13 can be arbitrarily and finely adjusted.
この実施例の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１において、前記養液貯留槽１４は、外面を断熱層１４ａで被覆するとともに、その内部にはステンレス製の内槽１４ｂを設置するとともに、該内槽１４ｂ内に湧水・地下水ないし水道水を充填させることにより、該養液貯留槽１４内の養液の温度管理が行えるようになっている。 In the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 of this embodiment, the nutrient solution storage tank 14 has an outer surface covered with a heat insulating layer 14a and a stainless steel inner tank 14b installed therein, By filling the tank 14b with spring water / ground water or tap water, the temperature of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage tank 14 can be controlled.
なお、前記内槽１４ｂに代えて、図２に示す別の実施例のように、湧水・地下水ないし水道水を循環させる熱交換パイプ１４ｃを配設し、該熱交換パイプ１４ｃに適宜温度の水を通すことにより該養液貯留槽１４内の養液の温度管理を行ってもよい。
ちなみに、前記内槽１４ｂや熱交換パイプ１４ｃ内の水は、例えば夏期は排水するだけでもよいが、温度によっては循環させるようにしてもよい。
冬期は水の熱（温水）を再利用するように循環方式とすればよく、例えば湯沸かし器等の燃料削減にもつなげられる。
表１は、外気温と各部の養液の温度との時間による変化を測定した数値を示す表であり、表２はその変化を示す波線グラフである。
In place of the inner tank 14b, as in another embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a heat exchange pipe 14c for circulating spring water, groundwater or tap water is provided, and the heat exchange pipe 14c has an appropriate temperature. You may perform temperature control of the nutrient solution in this nutrient solution storage tank 14 by letting water pass.
Incidentally, the water in the inner tub 14b and the heat exchange pipe 14c may be drained, for example, in summer, but may be circulated depending on the temperature.
In winter, a circulation system may be used so that the heat (warm water) of water is reused, which can lead to fuel reduction in, for example, a water heater.
Table 1 is a table showing numerical values obtained by measuring changes with time in the outside air temperature and the temperature of the nutrient solution in each part, and Table 2 is a wavy graph showing the changes.
図３はこの実施例の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１における前記スリット付きの可撓性のあるシートないしマット１８を示すものであり、その中心位置から放射状に複数のスリット１９が配設してある。２０は外周に形成した段差であり、前記植付け用の植付け孔１７の周面に落とし込んで保持するようになっている。育成時には植え付けた野菜や果実の根が太って簡単に外れることはないが、必要に応じて接着剤等の脱落防止手段を採用してもよい。
植え付けた野菜や果実の根が太っても、この可撓性のあるシートないしマット１８のスリット１９が開閉することによって無理なく対応させることができるのである。
FIG. 3 shows the flexible sheet or mat 18 with slits in the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 of this embodiment, and a plurality of slits 19 are arranged radially from the center position. It is. 20 is a step formed on the outer periphery, and is dropped into the peripheral surface of the planting hole 17 for planting and held. When growing, the roots of the planted vegetables and fruits do not easily come off and may come off easily. However, if necessary, a drop prevention means such as an adhesive may be employed.
Even if the roots of the planted vegetables and fruits are thick, the flexible sheet or the slit 19 of the mat 18 can be opened and closed easily.
図４はこの実施例の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１を植物栽培用ハウス３１に収容した場合を示すものである。
すなわち、この実施例の野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置１１は、図４に示すように、透明部材で作成された植物栽培用ハウス３１内に設置されている。該植物栽培用ハウス３１は、その内部に設置したラジエータ３２内を湧水・地下水ないし水道水の１３℃前後の水を循環させるとともに、前記ラジエータ３２近傍に配設したファン３３でラジエータ３２の温度を吸い出すことにより、室内温度調整するものである。
ちなみに、このファン３３による送風で例えばイチゴ等における授粉が可能となることが認められている。
FIG. 4 shows a case where the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 of this embodiment is housed in a plant cultivation house 31.
That is, the vegetable / fruit hydroponic cultivation apparatus 11 of this example is installed in a plant cultivation house 31 made of a transparent member, as shown in FIG. The plant cultivation house 31 circulates spring water, groundwater or tap water at a temperature around 13 ° C. in a radiator 32 installed therein, and a fan 33 disposed in the vicinity of the radiator 32 for the temperature of the radiator 32. The room temperature is adjusted by sucking out the water.
By the way, it is recognized that the air blown by the fan 33 can pollinate, for example, strawberries.
なお前記植物栽培用ハウス３１の外側にボイラまたは湯沸し器（図示せず）を設置し、該ボイラまたは湯沸し器に前記ラジエータ３２や前記養液貯留槽１４内の熱交換パイプ１４ｃを連結してもよい。
前記地下水は単独の配管で前記熱交換パイプ１４ｃに循環させ、加熱して得た温水も地下水の配管とは別の系統の配管で循環させてもよい。その場合には前記熱交換パイプ１４ｃや別系統の配管の循環を遮断弁や制御弁などにより調整することが望ましい。
また別の手段として、地下水と温水とを混合して所定の温度に調整した水や温水を循環させることもできる。
A boiler or a water heater (not shown) is installed outside the plant cultivation house 31, and the radiator 32 or the heat exchange pipe 14c in the nutrient solution storage tank 14 is connected to the boiler or the water heater. Good.
The groundwater may be circulated through the heat exchange pipe 14c through a single pipe, and the hot water obtained by heating may be circulated through a pipe of a system different from the groundwater pipe. In that case, it is desirable to adjust the circulation of the heat exchange pipe 14c and the piping of another system by a shutoff valve, a control valve, or the like.
As another means, ground water and warm water can be mixed to circulate water or warm water adjusted to a predetermined temperature.
以上のようにこの発明を野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置に適用した例について説明してきたが何ら野菜や果実の栽培に限定されるものではなく、その他の用途にも応用できることはいうまでもない。 As mentioned above, although the example which applied this invention to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of vegetables and fruits was demonstrated, it is not limited to cultivation of vegetables and fruits at all, and it cannot be overemphasized that it can apply also to other uses. .
１１ 野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置
１２ 養液の循環路
１３ 循環パイプ
１３ａ 断熱層
１３ｂ 栓
１４ 養液貯留槽
１４ａ 断熱層
１４ｂ 内槽
１４ｃ 熱交換パイプ
１５ 循環ポンプ
１６ 給液管
１７ 植付け孔
１８ 可撓性のあるシートないしマット
１９ スリット
２０ 段差
２１ 野菜あるいは果実の苗
３１ 植物栽培用ハウス
３２ ラジエータ
３３ ファン
Ｓ 流量調節弁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Hydroponic cultivation apparatus of vegetables and fruits 12 Circulation path of nutrient solution 13 Circulation pipe 13a Heat insulation layer 13b Plug 14 Nutrient solution storage tank 14a Heat insulation layer 14b Inner tank 14c Heat exchange pipe 15 Circulation pump 16 Supply pipe 17 Planting hole 18 Possible Flexible sheet or mat 19 Slit 20 Step 21 Vegetable or fruit seedling 31 Plant cultivation house 32 Radiator 33 Fan S Flow control valve
Claims (8)
前記循環パイプの周囲は断熱層で被覆するとともに、該積層構造物の上部に適宜間隔で植付け用の植付け孔を開け、該植付け孔に取り付けたスリット付きの可撓性のあるシートないしマットに野菜あるいは果実の苗を植え付けるようにしたことを特徴とする野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置。 A nutrient solution circulation path formed by connecting a plurality of circulation pipes made of resin pipes or metal pipes having a diameter of 10 cm or more, a nutrient solution storage tank provided with a separately installed circulation pump, and the nutrient solution storage tank And a supply pipe that feeds the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the circulation pipe.
The circumference of the circulation pipe is covered with a heat insulating layer, and a planting hole for planting is formed at an appropriate interval above the laminated structure, and a flexible sheet or mat with a slit attached to the planting hole is used for vegetables. Alternatively, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits characterized by planting fruit seedlings.
前記循環パイプの周囲は断熱層で被覆するとともに、該積層構造物の上部に適宜間隔で植付け用の孔を開けて野菜あるいは果実の苗を植え付けるようにしたことを特徴とする野菜・果実の水耕栽培装置。 A hydroponic cultivation apparatus for vegetables and fruits installed in a house for plant cultivation, and a nutrient solution circulation path formed by connecting a plurality of circulation pipes made of resin pipes or metal pipes having a diameter of 10 cm or more, A nutrient solution storage tank installed separately, a liquid supply pipe that is disposed between the nutrient solution storage tank and the circulation pipe, and feeds the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the circulation pipe,
Vegetable and fruit water characterized in that the circumference of the circulation pipe is covered with a heat insulating layer, and a hole for planting is formed at an appropriate interval in the upper part of the laminated structure to plant vegetable or fruit seedlings. Tillage cultivation equipment.
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| JP2017009841A JP2018121527A (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Hydroponic device for fruits and vegetables |
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| JP2017009841A JP2018121527A (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Hydroponic device for fruits and vegetables |
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