JP2010099062A - Subsurface environment controller and subsurface environment control method for plant planted in vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a subsurface environment controller suitable for root growing environment which is a subsurface part of a plant, by controlling water content and soil temperature of a part in which a root of the plant exists in the subsurface, in a constant range, and to provide an environment control method for root which is a subsurface part of a plant. <P>SOLUTION: The water in a water feeding tub 1 is supplied to the inner soil 7 of a plant planting tub 2 through a porous outer wall 4, and is supplied to the root in the soil which is a subsurface part of the plant. A part of the water in the soil evaporates form the soil surface of the plant planting tub 2 and takes out heat of evaporation from the soil at the time point and prevents a rapid temperature change in the soil since the outer wall 4 of the plant planting tub 2 is in the water. The controller controls the soil temperature at a temperature suitable for growth, under a condition when the external minimum air temperature became below the temperature suitable for growth. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an underground environment control device and an underground environment control method for a plant planted in a container.

The roots forming the underground part of the plant are important organs for taking in water and nutrients that promote plant growth, and play an important role in supporting the whole plant and fixing it in the ground. There are two types of water supply methods for plants cultivated in containers such as pots: overhead irrigation by manual irrigation and bottom water supply from the bottom of the container.
Overhead irrigation requires labor for irrigation, and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is not good. And since the amount of water is not properly supplied to the roots of plants, root rot is likely to occur.
The bottom water supply method can significantly reduce the irrigation labor compared to the above-mentioned overhead irrigation method.
In this method, a container planted in a pool bench is placed, water and drainage are repeated on the pool bench, and the water and drainage is made through a drain opening opened at the bottom of the container, and a water supply mat is placed on the bench. Lay the mat on the top of the container, absorb the water in the water supply mat, and supply water to the plant cultivation medium in the container using the capillary phenomenon. The string water supply etc. which immerse in the tub which put water in the lower end and supply water using a capillary phenomenon are known. The Eb and Flow method is expensive, but the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is relatively high. The mat water supply method is inexpensive, but the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is relatively high. The string water supply method is inexpensive and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is relatively high, but there is a structural problem that the container can be arranged only on the upper surface of the water supply trough. The bottom surface water supply method also has one long end. Against this background, various studies have been made on the water supply method.
In these methods, the water content in the pot is difficult to become uniform due to the water supply in one direction, and extra water is retained to collect water (gravity water) and the gas phase rate decreases. Is cited as a problem.

A soil moisture sensor and excess water sensor are installed at the top of the pot and the bottom outlet of the pot, and when both sensors are dry, the water leakage detector is activated and the irrigation device is opened to perform irrigation. When one of the sensors detects moisture, the water leakage detector is activated again to stop irrigation. By repeating this operation, a device for automatically controlling irrigation by feedback control that keeps the appropriate humidity of the pot soil (Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-140508), for water supply control in pot planting that supplies water by the bottom surface water supply method A suitable soil moisture content detection method, water supply control method, and water supply control system, wherein a soil water sensor for detecting an average value of soil moisture content is punctured in a substantially horizontal direction in the middle layer of potted soil, and soil moisture The amount is detected, and the start and end of water supply are managed based on this detection value in the bottom surface water supply system for a plurality or many potted plants placed on the cultivation bed. More preferably, there is a fully automatic control system (Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-265056) using a data processing device that processes a detected value of soil moisture content and an automatic water supply device that operates according to an instruction of the data processing device. Are known.
In the method of Patent Document 1, a sensor is installed on the upper part of the pot, so that the optimum detection value of the soil moisture content is not necessarily given. Furthermore, the soil moisture content detected at the pinpoint varies depending on the detection location, and it is pointed out that an accurate detection value of the soil moisture content is not necessarily given, and it is difficult to apply to the Eb and Flow method. It is said that.
In the method of Patent Document 2, the amount of water supplied to the pot culture soil is reduced with time due to moisture evaporation from the pot culture soil surface, moisture evaporation by potted plants, and the like. It varies greatly depending on the ambient temperature and humidity. That is, if the temperature rises abruptly, moisture transpiration due to these causes increases, and moisture transpiration decreases during cloudy weather or high humidity. On the other hand, if intermittent water supply is performed at regular intervals by a timer, the pot culture soil tends to fall into a deficiency or excess of moisture, resulting in the wilting of the potted plant due to lack of moisture or the potted plant due to excess moisture. Point out that there is a risk of inducing root rot, etc., water supply control in pot planting is not based on the timer control method, but based on the soil water content of the pot culture soil actually detected using a soil water sensor etc. Is preferred.
In this case, the water supply control is described, but when it is determined that the water supply control is performed, the potted environment is already unfavorable for the plant, so the temperature of the underground environment is not affected. The response results in a delay, which proves inappropriate in this respect.

In addition to this, when water is supplied, a porous pipe is embedded in the soil layer, the inside of the porous pipe is saturated with water from the reservoir, and the negative pressure of the soil water in contact with the porous pipe and the inside of the porous pipe The negative pressure difference irrigation system configured to allow the water in the porous tube to be leached into the soil due to the difference from the negative pressure (Patent Document 3 2000-106791, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-125660, etc.) ) Is known, but it cannot be said that water supply without any bias and measures such as temperature changes in the underground environment are adequately taken.
Planting board of slag glass foam sintered body having continuous pores, water storage tray engaged with this planting board, spacer having capillary action interposed between the bottom surface of the planting board and the bottom surface of the tray, A planting unit (Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-171837), a planting container for holding soil for planting ornamental plants, and a surrounding wall for forming a closed space; A soil containing portion formed at a part of the surrounding wall portion and containing at least a part of the soil containing a porous material, and the soil containing portion is in the water supplied to the soil, It has a through-hole for discharging excess water that cannot be contained in the soil into the closed space, and water vapor in the closed space passes through the surrounding wall portion on the surface of the closed wall portion. Planting with a non-permeable coating layer to prevent transpiration to the outside Containers (Patent Document 6, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-325051) and the like are known, but all have been sufficiently studied about the method of supplying moisture. It cannot be said that sufficient measures such as temperature changes are taken.
It is comprised from the container member in which the pot member for planting the plant and the liquid for cultivation is accommodated, and a pot member is extended below from the pot main body part which has the accommodation recessed part in which the soil for cultivation which grows a plant is accommodated, and a pot main body part. A liquid sucking part is provided, a pot member is placed on the container member, and the liquid sucking part of the pot member is immersed in a cultivation liquid accommodated in the container member for cultivation in the container member The liquid is sucked into the pot main body through the liquid sucking portion of the pot member, and the sucked up cultivation liquid is supplied to the cultivation soil in the housing recess, and from the surface of the pot main body to the atmosphere. In a pot for plant cultivation (Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-11850), the cultivation liquid is supplied to the pot body through the liquid suction part of the pot member and planted in the housing recess of the pot body. Water as needed The cultivating liquid sucked up by the pot main body part can be supplied and evaporates into the atmosphere from the surface of the pot main body part, so that the pot member is cooled by the divergence of the heat of vaporization at the time of evaporation. A cooling effect of about 0 ° C. is obtained, the cultivation liquid contained in the pot member and the container member is cooled, and the sucked cultivation liquid does not return into the container body. As a result, it is stated that the water more than the water necessary for the roots of the plant evaporates in the atmosphere, so that the planted plant will not cause root rot and the cultivation liquid in the container member will not rot. Yes. This is intended exclusively for the preservation of ornamental flowers, and is not intended to control and supply water uniformly and sufficiently in consideration of the plant growth method. It is not intended to maintain the environment appropriately and to promote root development sufficiently.

When cultivating plants with soil in the container, with the appropriate water supply to the roots of the plants, heating the entire pot just by heating the pot bottom by installing a heating wire or hot water pipe on the bench Moreover, since cooling has not been studied, the temperature in the pot cannot be controlled efficiently. Under such circumstances, in the cultivation method using the container, sufficient water supply is performed, and proper temperature management in the soil in the container is extremely appropriate for the environment of the plant root. It is important, and what kind of means should be adopted for this purpose has never been considered.
JP-A-8-140508 JP 2003-265056 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-106791 JP 2003-125660 A JP 2002-171837 A JP 2003-325051 A JP 2008-11850 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention relates to the underground environment of the root, which is the underground part of the plant, and controls the water content and the soil temperature of the part where the root of the underground plant exists within a certain range. Therefore, it is providing the environment control apparatus suitable for the growth environment of the root which is an underground part of a plant, and the environmental control method of the root which is an underground part of a plant.

(A) The present inventor has conducted earnest research on the above-mentioned problems, and has found the following and completed the present invention.
・ It is composed of a porous outer wall that has pores that are smaller than the pores through which the gravitational water of the soil passes and that can supply moisture to the capillary pores of the soil. The internal soil moisture is mainly composed of capillary water, the soil moisture and air are kept in an appropriate balance, and the roots of the plant absorb the capillary water and allow sufficient respiration.
・ The heat of vaporization due to the evaporation of moisture from the soil surface and the outer wall of the plant planting tank are in water, so the soil temperature in the plant planting tank is kept stable without sudden changes.
・ As mentioned above, some water in the soil evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this time, the heat of vaporization is taken out of the soil, and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water. It is possible to grow even under conditions where the external minimum temperature is below the optimal temperature by maintaining the soil temperature at the optimal temperature under the condition that the external minimum temperature is below the optimal temperature. In this way, controlling the temperature of the soil in this way is an energy saving measure.
・ By installing a temperature sensor in the plant planting tank and cooling or warming the water temperature in the water supply tank to an arbitrary temperature, the soil temperature in the plant planting tank can be kept constant, and plant growth Can be controlled.
The present inventors have invented a root environmental control device that is the underground part of the above and a method of controlling the root environment that is the underground part of the plant.
(B) The water surface is closed by a material that blocks it from the outside in order to prevent water from evaporating from the water surface, and is composed of a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is soil. The water supply tank has a pore that is smaller than the pores through which gravity water passes and can supply moisture to the capillary pores of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank. Water is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the plant planting tank. It is an underground part characterized by evaporating from the soil surface of the soil and at this time taking out the heat of vaporization from the soil and preventing the sudden change of the temperature in the soil by the outer wall of the plant planting tank being underwater Root environmental control device.
(C) The water surface is closed by a material that blocks it from the outside in order to prevent water from evaporating from the water surface, and is composed of a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is soil. The water supply tank has a pore that is smaller than the pores through which gravity water passes and can supply moisture to the capillary pores of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank. Water is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil, and the outside wall of the plant planting tank is underwater, preventing sudden changes in the temperature of the soil, and the external minimum temperature is below the optimum growth temperature. Under the conditions, the soil temperature should be An environmental control device for roots, which is an underground part characterized by maintaining the
(D) In the soil inside, the liquid phase rate in the field water volume is defined by the size of the soil pores, and when there are many pores holding gravity water, it increases when there are many pores holding capillary water. Since the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate are inversely proportional to each other, the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate can be adjusted by changing the type of soil, and the water in the liquid phase is the soil in the underground part of the plant. Some of the moisture in the soil is supplied to the roots in the soil, evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank, and at this point, the heat of vaporization is taken out of the soil, and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water, The root environmental control device according to (a) or (c), which prevents sudden change in temperature in the soil.
(E) The porous outer wall is made of baked clay, plastic, rubber, metal, paper, wood, fiber, glass, vinyl, polystyrene foam, etc. An environmental control device for roots, which is an underground part.
(F) Any one of (i) to (e), wherein a communication port through which water passes is not provided between the plant implantation tank and the water supply tank at the bottom of the plant implantation tank. Root environmental control device that is the underground part of plants.
(G) The plant according to any one of (i) to (ki), wherein the porous outer wall permeates a certain amount of water in a water storage tank outside the outer wall into a plant planting tank. An environmental control device for the roots of the basement.
(H) Water is supplied into the water supply tank through heating or cooling means that changes the temperature in the water supply tank in accordance with the outside air temperature that is open to the outside air. ) To (ki) The plant underground environment control device according to any one of the above.
(G) The water surface is closed by a material that blocks it from the outside in order to prevent water from evaporating from the water surface, and it is composed of a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall. The water supply tank has a pore that is smaller than the pores through which gravity water passes and can supply moisture to the capillary pores of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank. Water is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the plant planting tank. It is an underground part characterized by evaporating from the soil surface of the soil and at this time taking out the heat of vaporization from the soil and preventing the sudden change of the temperature in the soil by the outer wall of the plant planting tank being underwater Environmental control of water content and soil temperature of root part Method.
(V) The water surface is closed by a material that blocks it from the outside in order to prevent water from evaporating from the water surface, and is composed of a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, the outer wall of which is soil The water supply tank has a pore that is smaller than the pores through which gravity water passes and can supply moisture to the capillary pores of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank. Water is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil, and the outside wall of the plant planting tank is underwater, preventing sudden changes in the temperature of the soil, and the external minimum temperature is below the optimum growth temperature. Under the conditions, the soil temperature should be An environmental control method for the water content and the soil temperature of the root portion, which is an underground part, characterized by maintaining the soil.
(Sa) In the soil inside, the liquid phase rate in the field capacity is defined by the size of the soil pores, and when there are many pores that hold gravity water, there are many pores that hold capillary water Since the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate are inversely proportional, it is possible to adjust the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate by changing the soil type. Supplied to the roots of a certain soil, a part of the water in the soil evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank, and at this point the heat of vaporization is taken out of the soil and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water Therefore, the environmental control method of the amount of water of the root part which is an underground part of (K) or (K), and soil temperature characterized by preventing the sudden change of the temperature in soil.
(F) The water taken in from the water storage tank outside the outer wall through the fired porous outer wall is previously adjusted in temperature by heating or cooling means. S) Environmental control method of water quantity and soil temperature of root part which is the underground part of any plant.

  According to the present invention, regarding the underground environment of the underground part of the plant, it is possible to optimally control the growth environment of the root that is the underground part of the plant by appropriately controlling the water content and the underground temperature existing in the ground. Can do. In addition to automatically adjusting the amount of water required by plants when water is conventionally supplied to plants, it is effective in preventing root rot of plants and promoting growth, and by controlling the underground temperature appropriately. It is possible to keep the underground environment of the underground part of the plant in an optimal state and to control the growth of plants. Also, some water in the soil evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank, and the heat of vaporization is taken out from the soil at this time, and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water, so the temperature in the soil changes suddenly. Assuming that it can be prevented, by maintaining the soil temperature at a suitable growth temperature under conditions where the external minimum temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth, it is possible to grow even under conditions where the external minimum temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth. Thus, controlling the temperature of the soil is an energy saving measure.

The root environmental control apparatus which is the underground part of the plant of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG.
An environmental control device for a root, which is an underground part of a plant, includes a water supply tank 1 and a plant planting tank 2.
The root environmental control device, which is an underground part of a plant, is arranged in a plant planting tank 2 in a water supply tank 1 that can supply water by changing the amount of stored water.
In the plant planting tank, soil 7 is taken, and roots 12, which are the underground part of the plant, are planted in the soil.
The outer wall 4 of the plant planting tank is made of a porous material.
The supply of moisture required by plant roots in the plant planting tank is carried out through the porous wall of the outer wall of the outer wall 4 of the plant planting tank made of a porous material.
The water in the water supply tank is supplied to the inside of the plant implantation tank through the porous material of the outer wall 4 of the plant implantation tank, and is supplied to the plant interior 11 through the root which is the underground part of the plant 5 through the soil. Is done. As a result, the necessary water is supplied to the roots of the underground part of the plant without excess or deficiency.
On the other hand, other water passes through the soil, evaporates from the soil surface 8 of the plant planting tank, and prevents sudden change in temperature in the soil by taking away the heat of vaporization accompanying the evaporation at this time from the soil. Can be maintained within a certain temperature range.
Specifically, even if the temperature inside the container is not actively adjusted, the temperature inside the container is lower than the temperature in the daytime and higher in the nighttime than in the conventional overhead irrigation method and bottom water supply method. The temperature environment is properly maintained. Moreover, the fluctuation | variation of the moisture content and the gaseous-phase rate of the soil for plant cultivation in a container is also small, and those ratios can be adjusted to the range suitable for a cultivation plant.

The water supply tank 1 can store water by changing the amount of stored water. Water is supplied to the water supply tank 1 through the water supply means 3. The water supply means 3 can be appropriately employed as long as it is a method capable of supplying water.
Specifically, even a method in which a person injects water from a container is acceptable. The specific example shown in the figure shows the case of the supply pipe 3 sent from the water supply device. It is possible to measure the water level of the supplied water and supply the required amount, or to calculate the required amount of water in advance and supply water based on the calculation result. The amount of water supply can be adjusted by changing the water level.
In order to prevent evaporation of water from the top, a water supply layer is formed by a lid 10 made of a material that is cut off from the outside (plastic material such as polystyrene resin is used. In some cases, it may be made of paper or wood). The top of 1 can be closed. If the lid is not used, water will also evaporate from this area, so the required amount may not be supplied.
If the water consumption is large, the supply amount can be increased.
It is also possible to supply water into the water supply tank through heating or cooling means that changes the temperature in the water supply tank in accordance with the outside air temperature that is open to the outside air.

To summarize the above description, the invention is as follows.
In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this time, the root environmental control device is a subterranean part that takes out the heat of vaporization from the soil and prevents the temperature of the soil in the soil from changing suddenly when the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water.

Further, in the above-described root environmental control device, which is the underground part, it is necessary to heat the roots under the condition that the external minimum temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth. To what extent this is heated, a preferable condition was determined from the results of Example 4 described below. According to the experimental results, it was confirmed that the following treatment was effective.
It was found that "soil temperature is maintained at a suitable growth temperature under conditions where the external minimum temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth" and that it is economically favorable when treated under this condition, which saves the most energy.

It is as follows when taken in the root environmental control device which is an underground part.
In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil, and the outside wall of the plant planting tank is in water, preventing sudden changes in temperature in the soil, and the minimum outside temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth. Maintain the soil temperature at a suitable temperature for growth under certain conditions Environmental control apparatus of the root is that the underground part.

  The liquid phase rate of the soil inside is determined by the size of the soil pores, and there are few when the pores that hold gravity water are large, and there are many when the pores that hold capillary water are many, and the type of soil is changed. Therefore, when the soil porosity is small, the gas phase rate can be adjusted by changing the soil type, and their moisture is supplied to the roots of the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some of the soil Moisture evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this time, the heat of vaporization is taken out from the soil, and since the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water, a sudden change in temperature in the soil can be prevented.

  In the soil inside the environmental control device for roots, which is the underground, the liquid phase rate in the field capacity is determined by the size of the soil pores, and if there are many pores that hold gravity water, capillary water is retained Since there is a relationship that increases when there are many pores, the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate are inversely proportional, so the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate can be adjusted by changing the soil type, and the liquid phase moisture is plant Supplied to the roots of the soil that is the underground part of the soil, some of the moisture in the soil evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank, and at this point, the heat of vaporization is taken out of the soil and the outer wall of the plant planting tank Since it is in water, it becomes possible to prevent a sudden change in temperature in the soil.

  The plant planting tank 2 is formed by a porous outer wall 4. The plant planting tank 2 is fixed to the lid 10 by a support 9 attached to the plant planting tank. The porous outer wall is smaller than the pores through which soil gravity water passes, and has pores capable of supplying moisture to the soil capillary pores.

The outer wall of the porous material is selected from fired clay, plastic, foamed plastic, vinyl, rubber, metal, paper, wood, fiber, or glass.
About the baked clay, it is the container which unglazed clay. It can be seen in normal flower pots.
The baked clay is a bowl obtained by baking clay.
Various plastics, various foamed plastics, various vinyls, rubber, metal, paper, wood, fiber, glass or the like are manufactured by using a porous material.

In order to prevent water from entering and discharging at the bottom of the plant planting tank 2, a plant that does not have a hole at the bottom as seen in a normal pot is used. The bottom hole is not preferable from the viewpoint of making the supplied water constant.
By setting it as the outer wall 4 of the baked porous clay, the water in the water storage tank in the outer side of an outer wall permeate | transmits a fixed quantity can be taken in in a plant planting tank. When the amount of water to be taken in is more than necessary for the plant, it is not preferable that the water is unnecessarily accumulated in the soil. In this case, it tends to cause root rot.
In the conventional irrigation method, the moisture content in the pot is difficult to be uniform depending on the water supply in one direction. Moreover, if water is supplied together, extra water is retained (gravity water), which causes fluctuations in the supplied water, such as a temporary decrease in the gas phase rate.
The ideal irrigation method for plants requires a balance between soil moisture and the gas phase, which is achieved by making the outer wall of the plant planting tank smaller than the pores through which the soil gravity water passes, and the soil capillaries. It is considered that a wall surface that has a pore capable of supplying moisture to the pore and is supplied with water from the entire surface is the most effective and effective.

  The water taken into the plant passes through the gaps between the soil grains 7, is taken in through the roots into the plant 5, becomes water 11 that passes through the plant body, and is used in the plant body. The amount of water necessary for the roots of the plant will be sufficiently supplied, and as far as water is concerned, it can be said that the environmental control device for the roots is well maintained.

Water that is not used by plants passes through the portion 8 open to the atmosphere and is discharged into the air. Since moisture requires a large amount of heat of vaporization when vaporized, the amount of heat required is utilized as heat of vaporization by taking it away from the surrounding environment.
As a result, the ambient temperature decreases.
In this way, the temperature in the soil composed of soil grains will be kept at a low temperature when the temperature in the atmosphere is high, and will be kept at a low temperature. Can be suppressed within a certain range. Specifically, it can be suppressed to a lower range than the temperature in the atmosphere.
As far as temperature is concerned, it can be said that the root environmental control device is well maintained.

  Moreover, according to the above results, since soil moisture is mainly held in the capillary pores, the pores holding gravity water are filled with air, and the soil needs roots. Since air is sufficiently supplied from outside air or the like, it can be said that the root environmental control device is well maintained as far as the amount of air is concerned.

  In accordance with the above, the required amount of water is supplied in a favorable state for a certain amount of plant, the rapid change in temperature is suppressed, and the amount of water in the root part and the soil by supplying the required amount of oxygen and soil The environmental control method of temperature is as follows.

The amount of water is supplied in a preferable state for a certain amount of the plant of the present invention, the rapid temperature change is suppressed, and the environment of the amount of water in the root part and the soil temperature by supplying the necessary amount of oxygen The control method will be described with reference to FIG.
The environmental control method of the amount of water of the root part which is the underground part of a plant, and soil temperature is performed using the plant planting tank 2 in the water supply tank 1 which can supply water by changing the amount of stored water.
In the plant planting tank, soil 7 is taken, and roots 12, which are the underground part of the plant, are planted in the soil.
The outer wall 4 of the plant planting tank is made of a porous material.
The supply of moisture required by plant roots in the plant planting tank is carried out through the porous wall of the outer wall of the outer wall 4 of the plant planting tank made of a porous material.
The water in the water supply tank is supplied to the inside of the plant implantation tank through the porous material of the outer wall 4 of the plant implantation tank, and is supplied to the plant interior 11 through the root which is the underground part of the plant 5 through the soil. Is done. As a result, the necessary water is supplied to the roots of the underground part of the plant without excess or deficiency.
On the other hand, other water passes through the soil, evaporates from the soil surface 8 of the plant planting tank, and prevents sudden change in temperature in the soil by taking away the heat of vaporization accompanying the evaporation at this time from the soil. Can be maintained within a certain temperature range.
Specifically, even if the temperature inside the container is not actively adjusted, the temperature inside the container is lower than the temperature in the daytime and higher in the nighttime than in the conventional overhead irrigation method and bottom water supply method. The temperature environment is properly maintained. Moreover, the fluctuation | variation of the moisture content and the gaseous-phase rate of the soil for plant cultivation in a container is also small, and those ratios can be adjusted to the range suitable for a cultivation plant.

The water supply tank 1 can store water by changing the amount of stored water. Water is supplied to the water supply tank 1 through the water supply means 3. The water supply means 3 can be appropriately employed as long as it is a method capable of supplying water.
Specifically, even a method in which a person injects water from a container is acceptable. The specific example shown in the figure shows the case of the supply pipe 3 sent from the water supply device. It is possible to measure the water level of the supplied water and supply the required amount, or to calculate the required amount of water in advance and supply water based on the calculation result. The amount of water supply can be adjusted by changing the water level.
In order to prevent evaporation of water from the top, a water supply layer is formed by a lid 10 made of a material that is cut off from the outside (plastic material such as polystyrene resin is used. In some cases, it may be made of paper or wood). The top of 1 can be closed. If the lid is not used, water will also evaporate from this area, so the required amount may not be supplied.
If the water consumption is large, the supply amount can be increased.
It is also possible to supply water into the water supply tank through heating or cooling means that changes the temperature in the water supply tank in accordance with the outside air temperature that is open to the outside air.

Through the outer wall 4 of the fired porous clay, a necessary amount of water taken from the inside of the water storage tank outside the outer wall is taken into the outer wall according to time. Regarding the amount of water, the required amount is supplied without excess or deficiency according to the time.
Thereafter, the water passes between the soil grains 7 and reaches the roots of the plant. If the distance between the soil grains is too narrow, water will not be absorbed, and if it is too wide, water will not be supplied due to capillarity, etc., so a soil layer is formed so as to have an appropriate soil grain spacing or gap. It is effective to do. If the water taken in through the outer wall 4 is transported without congestion, it is effective to stack the soil particles in a state where the pores are larger than the capillary pores and smaller than the pores through which the gravity water passes.
About the soil grain which comprises soil, it presses with the force determined empirically in the state by which the plant was planted as the grain of which the size was defined beforehand, and a desirable state is formed. Thus, it is necessary to make it easy for water to pass through.
The fertilizer required by the plant can be applied to the soil grain in advance. In some cases, it can be supplied in liquid form from the outside as required.

  Water can be supplied into the water supply tank after the temperature in the water supply tank is changed in accordance with the outside air temperature that is open to the outside air and the temperature is changed by heating or cooling means.

The environmental control method for the amount of water in the root portion, which is the underground, and the soil temperature is as follows.
In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil, and the amount of water and soil temperature in the root part, which prevents the sudden change in temperature in the soil due to the outer wall of the plant planting tank being in the water, and the soil temperature. Environmental control method.

  In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil, and the outside wall of the plant planting tank is in water, preventing sudden changes in temperature in the soil, and the minimum outside temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth. Maintain the soil temperature at a suitable temperature for growth under certain conditions Water and environmental control method for soil temperature roots part is that the underground portion.

  The soil inside the environmental control method of the water volume and soil temperature of the root part which is the underground part, the liquid phase rate of the soil in the field capacity is determined by the size of the soil pores, and there are many pores where gravity water is retained Since there are many pores where capillary water is retained, the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate are inversely proportional, so the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate can be adjusted by changing the type of soil. The water in the liquid phase is supplied to the roots of the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and a part of the water in the soil evaporates from the soil surface of the plant implantation tank, and at this point the heat of vaporization is transferred from the soil. While taking out, since the outer wall of a plant planting tank is in water, the sudden change of the temperature in soil can be prevented.

  In the environmental control method for the amount of water in the root part of the plant and the soil temperature, the water taken in from the water storage tank outside the outer wall through the fired porous outer wall is previously heated or cooled by means of cooling. The temperature can be adjusted.

  In the environmental control device for the root that is the underground part of the plant and the environmental control method for the water amount and the soil temperature of the root part that is the underground part of the plant, it can be used as one unit. Can be used as a unit.

  The contents of the present invention will be described below with specific examples. The content of the present invention is not limited by the examples.

(1) Details of the experiment The water supply rate to the soil in the plant planting tank and the three-phase distribution of the soil are examined.
Experiment Zone: Three types of soil to be placed in the plant planting tank: Kanuma soil, Akadama soil, and sand.
These soils were put in a porous plant planting tank (No. 3 non-porous clay pot) and installed in a water supply tank. The weight of the plant implantation tank was measured every day, the amount of water absorption was calculated, and the three-phase distribution (solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase) of the soil was measured 9 days after the start of the experiment.
(2) Results of experiment Fig. 7 shows the transition of the amount of soil moisture in the plant planting tank.
The soil water content in the plant planting tank increased rapidly from the start of water supply to 3 days in any soil, but hardly increased thereafter (FIG. 1). Moreover, the amount of water absorption varied greatly according to the kind of soil, Kanuma soil was the most, followed by red jade soil, and sand was the least.
Table 1 shows the three-phase distribution of soil in the plant planting tank 9 days after the start of the experiment.
Nine days after the start of the experiment, the solid phase ratio of each soil was 20.5% for Akadama soil, 53.5% for sand, and 12.6% for Kanuma soil. The liquid phase ratios were 48.1%, 20.6%, and 49.8%, respectively, and a lot of water was retained in Akadama soil and Kanuma soil. The gas phase ratios were 31.4%, 25.9%, and 37.6%, respectively. It is considered desirable for plant growth that the vapor phase rate of the soil is secured around 30%. For this reason, it became clear that the liquid phase and the gaseous phase of the internal soil were maintained in a good balance by using a porous plant planting tank.

To investigate the effects of underground environmental control equipment on the growth and flowering of pansies and daisies.
Experimental area: 3 areas of porous bowl area, mat water area, and overhead irrigation area No. 3 non-porous clay pot (in the case of the present invention), 3 areas of black water area, mat water area and overhead irrigation area A pot was used.
Plant material: Pansy 'Deep Blue with Blotch' and Daisy 'Tussaud' were tested.
In the porous bowl area, water was put in a planter, and a non-porous pot made of plants was planted in polystyrene foam cut out to the same size as the diameter of the pot, and the pot was floated on water. Water is supplied from the outer wall and the bottom.
The overhead irrigation area was irrigated 130 ml / bowl when the soil moisture content reached 36%.
When the mat water supply section had the same soil moisture content as the overhead irrigation section, the mat was pumped for 30 seconds. Half were sampled when the flowering rate reached 80%.
(2) Results of Experiments (a) Changes in soil moisture content and temperature in pots Fig. 2 and 3 show changes in soil moisture content and changes in soil temperature using a daisy experiment example as an example.
(A) The soil moisture content is approximately 45% in the case of the present invention (in the case of a porous bowl), which is substantially constant, whereas it is approximately 37% in the mat water supply area and the overhead irrigation area when it is most dried. Immediately after irrigation, it showed a rapid rise to more than 50%.
From the above, in the case of the present invention, the results showed that the water supply amount was relatively stable, and in the case of the present invention, it was confirmed that the stable water supply was performed. Variations were seen in other cases and we were convinced that the present invention had good results.
(B) Changes in soil temperature are as follows (FIG. 3).
In the case of the present invention (in the case of a porous bowl), the day / night change is 20.13 / 12.5 ° C.
The change of day / night in the mat water supply area is 23.8 / 12.2 ° C.
The change of day / night in the overhead irrigation zone is 27.7 / 11.5 ° C.
According to the above results, the daily range is the smallest in the present invention.
From the above results, under the conditions related to growth, in the case of the present invention (in the case of a porous bowl), the water supply is carried out at a constant level, the temperature change is also relatively stable, and the change is intense during the day and night. Nevertheless, it showed a stable change, and it was confirmed that the temperature change could be kept within a certain range.

The growth status of pansies is shown in Table 2 and FIG.
In the case of the present invention (in the case of a porous bowl), the number of leaves, the leaf area, the number of flowers, the dry weight of the above-ground part, and the dry weight of the root are clearly superior to the conventional mat water supply and hand irrigation. It was. In the case of the present invention (in the case of a porous bowl), the root tension is also promoted as compared with the conventional method.

There is a statistically significant difference between the different alphabets with a risk rate of 5%.

Daisy growth status is shown in Table 3 and FIG.
In the case of the present invention (in the case of a porous bowl), it was found that the number of leaves, the leaf area, the number of flowers, the dry weight of the aerial part, and the dry weight of the root were clearly superior to the conventional method. In particular, root growth was remarkably promoted in the case of the present invention (in the case of a porous pot) as compared with other sections.

There is a statistically significant difference between the different alphabets with a risk rate of 5%.

  From the cultivation test of pansies and daisies, the growth of the porous bowl area (in the case of the present invention) was the best, and the effectiveness of the underground environment control device was confirmed. As a result of this, the change in soil moisture content was small compared to other districts, and the soil moisture and gas phase were kept abundant. It is thought that this was promoted. Furthermore, the diurnal change in soil temperature was significantly smaller in the porous pots than in the conventional method, and it is highly possible that the soil temperature also affected root growth. From this, it was shown that the porous pot could be used for actual cultivation as a new water supply method.

In soil cultivation such as strawberries, growth is promoted by underground warming in winter. Therefore, although it seems that growth control is possible by adjusting the underground temperature even in pot cultivation, it is structurally difficult to adjust the underground temperature efficiently by the conventional method. Examples of the effects of the bottom water supply method (bottom water supply method using a porous pot) on the growth of cyclamen that can adjust the underground temperature of the present invention and have a high utilization rate of water and fertilizer are shown below. .
(1) Details of the experiment A temperature sensor was installed in the plant planting tank of the underground environmental control device, and the temperature of the water in the water supply tank was adjusted using a heater and cooler so that the soil temperature would become the indicated temperature. . The soil temperature was 15 ° C., 20 ° C., and 25 ° C., and the air temperature was 15 ° C. night temperature and 25 ° C. day temperature. The test plant was a cell-shaped seedling of cyclamen 'riblet', which was planted in a plant planting tank containing soil and subjected to experiments.
(2) Results of Experiment Table 4 and FIG. 6 show the influence of the underground temperature on the growth and flowering of cyclamen.
There was no significant difference in the number of leaves between treatments, but the leaf area was clearly reduced at 15 ° C. and the petiole length was shortened. Moreover, the diameter of the strain became small at 15 ° C. There was no significant difference between the number of flowers and the flower pattern length. Therefore, by adjusting the temperature of the underground part to 15 ° C., the shape of the cyclamen became compact without suppressing flowering, and a practically effective result was obtained.

There is a statistically significant difference between the different alphabets with a risk rate of 5%.
(3) Conclusion It became clear that the growth of plants can be controlled by adjusting the temperature environment in the underground using the present invention.

Shipped in spring, using geranium with a suitable growth temperature of 15 ° C to 20 ° C, and supplying water in the same manner as described above. About the growth promotion effect of subsurface warming during the growth period in winter and energy saving performance over conventional methods investigated.
(1) Details of the experiment The experimental zone has a minimum temperature of 8 ° C, the soil temperature has two levels of 13 ° C and 18 ° C, and the control zone has a minimum temperature of 13 ° C and the soil temperature is unheated. did. A temperature sensor was installed in the plant planting tank of the underground environmental control device, and the temperature of the water in the water supply tank was adjusted using a heater (500 w) so that the soil temperature became the indicated temperature. The minimum temperature was adjusted with an electric air heater (1000 w). The test plants were geranium 'multibloom pink' cell-shaped seedlings, and were planted in a plant planting tank containing soil for experiments.
(2) Results of Experiment When the minimum temperature was 13 ° C. and the soil temperature was not heated, the growth stagnated from the initial growth stage and most of the strains died (Table 4). On the other hand, even if the minimum temperature is 8 ° C, the soil temperature is increased to 13 ° C or 18 ° C, so that it grows sufficiently. Significant improvement (Tables 4 and 5). Therefore, even if the minimum temperature is greatly reduced below the optimum growth temperature, the growth and flowering of geranium is promoted by ensuring the soil temperature at 18 ° C. or higher. The total power consumption of the electric air heater and the soil temperature control heater during the test period was 13 ° C where many strains died / 765 kwh without heating, and 8 ° C / 18 where growth and flowering were promoted. It was 537 kwh at ° C., and it was shown that heating the soil can significantly reduce power consumption compared to the conventional method (Table 5).

(3) Conclusion By heating the soil using the present invention, the overall heating cost can be reduced without impairing the growth of the plant even if the minimum temperature is lowered than before.

It is a figure which shows this invention. It is a figure which shows the result which showed the change of soil moisture content about each method for the example of a daisy experiment. It is a figure which shows the result which showed the change of the soil temperature for 4 days for the example of a daisy experiment. The figure which shows the growth condition of a pansy. The figure which shows the growth condition of a daisy. The figure which shows the influence of the underground part temperature which gives to growth and flowering of a cyclamen. The figure which shows the change of the water absorption of the soil in a porous plant planting tank. Effects of root warming on the growth and flowering of geranium.

1: Water supply tank 2: Plant planting tank 3: Water supply means 4: Outer wall 5: Plant 6: Water evaporating as a gas 7: Soil 8: Portion of plant plant tank open to the outside air 9: Supports attached to plant planting tank 10: Lid 11: Water taken up by plant 12: Root

Claims (11)

  In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is taken out of the soil, and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is submerged to prevent sudden changes in temperature in the soil. Control device.   In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil, and the outside wall of the plant planting tank is in water, preventing sudden changes in temperature in the soil, and the minimum outside temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth. Maintain the soil temperature at a suitable temperature for growth under certain conditions Environmental controls roots are underground, characterized in Rukoto.   In the soil inside, the liquid phase ratio in the field capacity is defined by the size of the soil pores, and there are few when the pores holding gravity water are large, and there are many when the pores holding capillary water are many. Since the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate are inversely proportional, the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate can be adjusted by changing the soil type. Some water in the soil evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank, and at this point, the heat of vaporization is taken out of the soil and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water. 3. An environmental control device for a root which is an underground part according to claim 1, wherein a sudden change in temperature is prevented.   The underground part according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the porous outer wall is made of fired clay, plastic, rubber, metal, paper, wood, fiber, glass, vinyl, polystyrene foam or the like. Is the root environmental control device.   The plant underground section according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a communication port through which water passes is not installed between the plant implantation tank and the water supply tank at the bottom of the plant implantation tank. Is the root environmental control device.   6. The underground part of the plant according to claim 1, wherein the porous outer wall permeates a certain amount of water in a water storage tank outside the outer wall and takes it into the plant planting tank. Root environmental control device.   The water is supplied into the water supply tank through heating or cooling means that changes the temperature in the water supply tank in accordance with the outside air temperature that is open to the outside air. A plant underground environment control device according to any one of the above.   In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. The root part, which is an underground part, is characterized by the fact that the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil at this point, and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is underwater to prevent sudden changes in the temperature in the soil. Environmental control method of water volume and soil temperature.   In order to prevent evaporation of water from the water surface, the water surface is closed by a material that shuts off from the outside, a water supply tank that can store water by changing the amount of water stored, and a porous outer wall, and the outer wall is a gravity water of soil Has a pore that can supply moisture to the capillary pore of the soil, and is composed of a plant planting tank installed inside the water supply tank, and the water in the water supply tank is It is supplied to the soil inside through the porous outer wall of the plant planting tank, and its moisture is supplied to the roots in the soil, which is the underground part of the plant, and some moisture in the soil is supplied to the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is removed from the soil, and the outside wall of the plant planting tank is in water, preventing sudden changes in temperature in the soil, and the minimum outside temperature is below the optimum temperature for growth. Maintain the soil temperature at a suitable temperature for growth under certain conditions Water and environmental control method for soil temperature of a portion of the root which is an underground part, characterized in Rukoto.   In the soil inside the soil, the liquid phase rate in the field capacity is defined by the size of the soil pores, and there are few if the pores holding gravity water are large, and the lots are increasing if there are many pores holding capillary water. Since the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate are inversely proportional, the liquid phase rate and the gas phase rate can be adjusted by changing the soil type. Some water in the soil is supplied to the roots of the plant and evaporates from the soil surface of the plant planting tank. At this point, the heat of vaporization is taken out of the soil and the outer wall of the plant planting tank is in the water. 10. The environmental control method for the amount of water and the soil temperature of the root portion, which is an underground portion, according to claim 9, wherein a sudden change in temperature is prevented.   11. The plant according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the water taken in from the water storage tank outside the outer wall through the fired porous outer wall is adjusted in advance by heating or cooling means. Environmental control method of water quantity and soil temperature of root part which is the underground part of the soil.