WO2016093321A1 - 細胞培養方法及び細胞培養装置 - Google Patents
細胞培養方法及び細胞培養装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/44—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of volume or liquid level
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0693—Tumour cells; Cancer cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cell culture method and a cell culture apparatus capable of performing long-term culture without causing stress or injury to cells.
- stem cells for example, treatment of cirrhosis or blood disease, treatment of myocardial infarction, construction of blood vessels, regeneration of bone or cornea, securing of skin for transplantation, etc. are considered.
- target cells and organs are grown from stem cells or the like in a culture dish and transplanted to a person.
- angiogenesis from bone marrow-derived stem cells has been successfully performed to treat angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
- the culture solution in the culture dish is periodically replaced to grow the cultured cells.
- the cells are greatly stimulated with the replacement of the culture solution, and wastes are discharged into the culture solution with the metabolic activity of the cells, causing stress and injury to the cells. There was a problem that.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a cell culture device that monitors a cell growth rate, predicts a decrease in nutrients in the culture solution based on the monitored growth rate, and adds consumed nutrients to the culture solution. Are listed.
- Patent Document 2 describes a cell culture method in which a culture solution is circulated through a culture tank using a filter module made of hollow fibers to add nutrients in the culture solution and remove waste products.
- the cell culture device described in Patent Document 1 continuously feeds nutrients to the culture tank, it is a system in which the culture liquid is stored in the culture tank, so that it is discharged by the metabolic activity of the cells in the culture liquid.
- the culture solution in the culture tank must be exchanged at a time, as in the conventional cell culture device, at an arbitrary timing. If the frequency of this whole culture medium exchange is performed once a day, as a result, stress and injury are given to the cells as in the conventional cell culture apparatus.
- Patent Document 2 a very small amount of culture solution is continuously fed and drained. However, when the culture period becomes long, the filter module is clogged with waste products, which is long. Not suitable for period culture. In particular, since the culture period until a cell required in recent regenerative medicine or the like is obtained is a long period of about one month, it is impossible to culture for a long period of time. Means that it cannot be cultured.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cell culture method and a cell culture apparatus that can perform long-term culture without causing stress or injury to cells.
- the cell culture method includes arranging cultured cells in a culture dish, and providing a liquid necessary for the growth or maintenance of the cultured cells in the culture dish.
- the liquid discharge port is provided at the other end of the culture dish, and the linear movement speed of the liquid from the supply port toward the discharge port is less than the maximum speed at which no shear stress is applied to the cultured cells. The liquid is discharged while being supplied to the culture dish.
- the cell culture method according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, the linear velocity of movement of the liquid is equal to or less than a diffusion rate due to molecular motion of the liquid.
- the cell culture device arranges cultured cells in a culture dish, supplies liquid necessary for the growth or maintenance of the cultured cells into the culture dish and discharges the liquid in the culture dish.
- a reservoir tank for storing the liquid to be supplied to the culture dish, a waste liquid tank for storing the liquid discharged from the culture dish, and the supply port
- a supply-side micro flow pump for supplying the liquid in the reservoir tank to the culture dish, a discharge-side micro flow pump for discharging the liquid from the culture dish via the discharge port, and the discharge from the supply port.
- a flow rate controller that controls the flow rate of the supply side micro flow rate pump and the discharge side micro flow rate pump so that the linear velocity of movement of the liquid is less than the maximum rate that does not apply shear stress to the cultured cells. It is characterized by that.
- the cell culture device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the linear velocity of movement of the liquid is equal to or less than a diffusion velocity due to molecular motion of the liquid.
- the surface free energy on the side surface of the culture dish is smaller than the surface free energy on the bottom surface of the culture dish.
- the cell culture device is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, a horizontal adjustment mechanism for adjusting a bottom surface of the culture dish horizontally is provided.
- the cell culture device is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, an inclination adjustment mechanism for adjusting the bottom surface of the culture dish obliquely is provided.
- the cell culture device is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, the supply port and the discharge port are plural, and each is arranged in a linear manner.
- the cell culture device is the above invention, wherein between the outlet of the supply-side micro flow pump and the supply port, and between the outlet and the inlet of the discharge-side micro flow pump. Are connected by a flexible tube, and the opening of the flexible tube is provided between the supply side micro flow pump and the supply port and between the discharge side micro flow pump and the discharge port, respectively.
- An aperture adjustment mechanism for reducing the aperture is provided.
- the cell culture device is the above invention, between the reservoir tank and the inlet of the supply side micro flow pump, between the outlet and the supply port of the supply side micro flow pump, The discharge port and the inflow port of the discharge side micro flow rate pump, and the outflow port of the discharge side micro flow rate pump and the waste liquid tank are directly and detachably connected.
- the cell culture device is the above-mentioned invention, wherein one end of a multi-stage arrangement in which the reservoir tank is provided on an upper part of a supply-side flow path connecting the supply port and an outlet of the supply-side micro flow rate pump. From the other end, the inlet of the supply-side micro flow pump is detachably connected to the reservoir tank, and the outlet of the supply-side micro flow pump is connected to the supply side.
- a second flow path, a third flow path between the culture dish and the discharge micro flow pump, and a fourth flow path between the discharge micro flow pump and the waste liquid tank are embedded inside.
- the cell culture device includes a liquid level detection sensor that detects a liquid level in the culture dish in the above invention, and the flow rate control unit detects a liquid level detected by the liquid level detection sensor.
- the flow rate is controlled so as to be constant.
- the supply-side drive source for driving the supply-side micro flow pump is attachable to and detachable from the supply-side micro flow pump.
- the discharge-side drive source for driving is detachable from the discharge-side micro flow rate pump.
- the cell culture device includes, in the above invention, a substrate on which at least the culture dish is arranged, and the substrate has a hole or the culture dish in a region where the culture state of the cultured cell is observed. It is characterized in that a colorless and transparent recess having an opening on the opposite side is formed.
- the transparent conductive film heater provided at the bottom of the culture dish, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the liquid in the culture dish, and the temperature sensor in the above invention And a temperature control unit that controls to keep the temperature of the liquid in the culture dish within a predetermined temperature range by energizing the transparent conductive film heater based on the detection result.
- a liquid supply port necessary for the growth or maintenance of the cultured cells is provided at one end of the culture dish so as to sandwich the cultured cells, and the liquid discharge port is provided at the other end of the culture dish, Since the linear velocity of movement of the liquid from the supply port toward the discharge port is less than the maximum speed at which no shear stress is applied to the cultured cells, the liquid is discharged while being supplied to the culture dish.
- the culture can be performed for a long time without causing stress or injury to the cells, and consumption of the liquid can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of a cell culture device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the cell culture apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of holes formed in the substrate in the region where the culture dish is arranged.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of holes formed in the substrate in the region where the reservoir tank is arranged.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the function of the aperture adjustment mechanism.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the expression rate of shear stress-affected cells appearing in cultured cells with respect to the linear velocity of the culture solution moving from the supply port to the discharge port.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of a cell culture device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the cell culture apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of holes formed
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state image of the culture solution flowing from the supply port side surface toward the discharge port side surface.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the movement of the culture solution over time as the relative concentration changes.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow rate control processing procedure of the culture solution by the flow rate control unit.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement configuration of the supply port openings.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement configuration of the supply port openings.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state image of the culture solution flowing from the supply port side surface toward the discharge port side surface when a fluorine-based water repellent is applied to the side surface of the culture dish.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement configuration of the supply port openings.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement configuration of the supply port openings.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state image of the culture solution flowing from the supply
- FIG. 13 is a front view showing a configuration in the vicinity of a culture dish of a cell culture device provided with a horizontal adjustment mechanism.
- FIG. 14 is a partially broken front view showing a specific configuration of the horizontal adjustment mechanism.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement configuration and a connection configuration of a liquid feeding unit and a liquid discharging unit.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement configuration and a connection configuration of the liquid feeding unit and the liquid discharging unit.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing an arrangement configuration of the cell culture device in the transport box.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of a cell culture device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the cell culture device 1 shown in FIG.
- the cell culture apparatus 1 is provided with a culture dish 3 in the upper center of the substrate 2, and the culture solution is placed in the culture dish 3 so as to sandwich the culture dish 3 from both ends of the culture dish 3.
- a liquid supply unit 10 to be supplied and a drainage unit 20 for discharging the culture solution from the culture dish 3 are provided on the substrate 2.
- a culture solution supply port 4 is provided on the supply port side surface 3 a that is one end side of the culture dish 3 so as to sandwich the cultured cells 6, and the discharge port side surface that is the other end side of the culture dish 3.
- the culture medium outlet 5 is provided in 3b.
- Six supply ports 4 and six discharge ports 5 are provided, and each of them is discretely arranged linearly along the supply port side surface 3a and the discharge port side surface 3b.
- the opening of the supply port 4 and the discharge port 5 is arrange
- the liquid delivery unit 10 includes a reservoir tank 11, a supply-side minute flow rate pump 12, and a throttle adjustment mechanism 13.
- the reservoir tank 11 stores a culture solution.
- the supply-side micro flow rate pump 12 supplies the culture solution in the reservoir tank 11 to the supply port 4 of the culture dish 3.
- the throttle adjustment mechanism 13 has a variable throttle function for readjusting the flow rate of the culture solution supplied from the supply-side micro flow rate pump 12.
- the culture fluid outlet of the reservoir tank 11 and the culture fluid inlet of the supply-side micro flow rate pump 12 are connected by a flow path L11 composed of six flexible tubes. Further, the culture solution outlet of the supply-side micro flow pump 12 and the supply port 4 are connected by a flow path L12 made up of six flexible tubes.
- the aperture adjustment mechanism 13 can perform variable aperture for each of the six flexible tubes of the flow path L12.
- the supply side micro flow pump 12 has a pump group 12a composed of six peristaltic pumps, a speed reducer 12b, and a motor 12c. Each peristaltic pump can be connected in multiple stages along the rotation axis.
- the speed reducer 12b decelerates the rotation of the motor 12c in multiple stages and transmits the decelerated rotation to the pump group 12a.
- the motor 12c can be attached to and detached from the speed reducer 12b.
- a flange 2 a that stands on the substrate 2 is formed on the substrate 2 on the liquid feeding unit 10 side.
- the pump group 12a is attached to one end face side of the flange 2a
- the speed reducer 12b is attached to the other end face side of the flange 2a
- the speed reducer 12b and the pump group 12a are connected.
- the speed reducer 12b is configured to be detachable from the flange 2a and the pump group 12a.
- the drainage unit 20 includes a waste liquid tank 21, a discharge-side minute flow rate pump 22, and a throttle adjustment mechanism 23.
- the discharge side micro flow rate pump 22 discharges the culture solution in the culture dish 3 from the discharge port 5 of the culture dish 3.
- the waste liquid tank 21 stores the culture liquid discharged by the discharge side micro flow rate pump 22.
- the throttling adjustment mechanism 23 has a variable throttling function for readjusting the flow rate of the culture medium discharged from the discharge side micro flow rate pump 22.
- the discharge port 5 and the culture solution inlet of the discharge-side micro flow rate pump 22 are connected by a flow path L22 composed of six flexible tubes.
- the culture fluid outlet of the discharge side micro flow pump 22 and the culture fluid inlet of the waste tank 21 are connected by a flow path L21 made of six flexible tubes.
- the diaphragm adjusting mechanism 23 can perform variable diaphragm on each of the six flexible tubes of the flow path L22.
- the discharge-side micro flow pump 22 has a pump group 22a composed of six peristaltic pumps, a speed reducer 22b, and a motor 22c. Each peristaltic pump can be connected in multiple stages along the rotation axis.
- the speed reducer 22b decelerates the rotation of the motor 22c in multiple stages and transmits the decelerated rotation to the pump group 22a.
- the motor 22c can be attached to and detached from the speed reducer 22b.
- the substrate 2 on the drainage unit 20 side is formed with a flange 2 b that stands on the substrate 2.
- the pump group 22a is attached to one end face side of the flange 2b, the speed reducer 22b is attached to the other end face side of the flange 2b, and the speed reducer 22b and the pump group 22a are connected.
- the speed reducer 22b is configured to be detachable from the flange 2b and the pump group 22a.
- the culture dish 3 is attached to the board
- the reservoir tank 11 is attached to the substrate 2 by pressing members 111a and 111b.
- the waste liquid tank 21 is attached to the substrate 2 by pressing members 121a and 121b.
- the motors 12c and 22c and the speed reducers 12b and 22b are detachable and can be removed during autoclaving.
- the culture dish 3 is normally formed with polycarbonate, it is replaced every time autoclaving is performed.
- the motor 12 c and the motor 22 c are driven by the flow rate control unit 30.
- the pump groups 12 a and 22 a perform flow rate control of the culture solution by the flow rate control unit 30.
- a transparent conductive film heater 41 and a temperature sensor 42 are provided at the bottom of the culture dish 3.
- the reservoir tank 11 is provided with a Peltier element 43 and a temperature sensor 44.
- the temperature control unit 40 performs energization control of the transparent conductive film heater 41 based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 42 to control the temperature of the culture solution in the culture dish 3 to a desired temperature, for example, 37 ° C.
- the energization control of the Peltier element 43 is performed based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 44, and the temperature control is performed so that the culture solution in the reservoir tank 11 becomes a desired temperature, for example, 5 to 20 ° C.
- the power supply 50 supplies power to the flow rate control unit 30 and the temperature control unit 40.
- the culture solution in the culture dish 3 needs to be set to a temperature suitable for cell growth, and the culture solution in the reservoir tank 11 needs to be set to a temperature at which long-term storage is possible.
- the culture solution in the reservoir tank 11 is set to a temperature lower than the temperature of the culture solution in the culture dish 3, but the culture solution that has flowed out of the reservoir tank 11 reaches the supply port of the culture dish 3. By passing through the flow paths L11 and L12, the temperature becomes close to normal temperature.
- the substrate 2 is provided with, for example, a circular hole 2c in a region where the culture dish 3 is arranged.
- the reason for providing the hole 2c is to shorten the length of the culture dish 3 in the height direction so that the state of the cells in the cell culture can be observed with an optical microscope. Therefore, it is good also as a recessed part which hollowed out the board
- the bottom of the recess is preferably colorless and transparent.
- the substrate 2 is provided with, for example, a circular hole 2d in a region where the reservoir tank 11 is disposed. This is so that the state of the culture solution in the reservoir tank 11 can be visually observed through the hole 2d. When the state of the culture solution in the reservoir tank 11 deteriorates, turbidity and discoloration occur. Similarly, it is preferable to provide a hole in the region where the waste liquid tank 21 is disposed.
- the diaphragm adjusting mechanism 13 can form a diaphragm that narrows the opening of the flow path by pressing the flexible tube as the flow path L12.
- the throttle adjusting mechanism 13 individually adjusts the flow rate of each flexible tube in the flow path L12. By forming this throttle in the flow path L12, the pressure on the upstream side of the throttle is adjusted. P1 is larger than the downstream pressure P2. As a result, bubbles or the like are less likely to be generated in the culture medium when the pump group 12a disposed upstream of the throttle is sucked and discharged, and the flow rate can be controlled with high accuracy.
- the culture medium is moved so that the linear velocity V of the culture solution from the supply port 4 toward the discharge port 5 is less than the maximum speed at which no shear stress is applied to the cultured cells 6 in the culture dish 3.
- the liquid is discharged while being supplied to the culture dish 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the expression rate of the shear stress-affected cells appearing in the cultured cells 6 with respect to the linear velocity V of the culture solution from the supply port 4 toward the discharge port 5.
- the expression rate of shear stress-affected cells is defined as the area ratio of cells in which cell death or cell mutation has occurred relative to normal cells.
- the expression rate of the shear stress-affected cells becomes 0 at less than the maximum speed Vmax. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the cultured cells 6 from being affected by shear stress by discharging the culture solution while supplying it to the culture dish 3 at a moving linear velocity V less than the maximum velocity Vmax.
- the specific maximum speed Vmax is about 0.3 m / min when the cultured cells 6 are mouse ES cells.
- the culture solution is continuously supplied to and discharged from the culture dish 3, it is not necessary to exchange the culture solution over a long period of time, so that the cell area is large. And an appropriate cell can be obtained.
- the opening of the supply port 4 and the discharge port 5 is large and at least larger than the size that does not allow clogging by passing waste products. Therefore, since clogging by a filter or the like does not occur, it is not necessary to replace the culture solution over a long period of time from this point of view, so that appropriate cells can be obtained with a large cell area.
- the culture solution In order to ensure that the cultured cells 6 are not affected by shear stress, it is preferable to discharge the culture solution while supplying the culture solution to the culture dish 3 so that the diffusion rate V1 due to the molecular motion of the culture solution is lower than V1. Unlike the artificial diffusion, the diffusion due to the molecular motion of the culture solution does not apply shear stress to the cultured cells 6 due to the flow of the culture solution. As a result, it is possible to obtain appropriate cells that are not damaged and have no stress.
- the diffusion rate V1 is an extremely small value compared to the maximum rate Vmax, and the amount of the culture solution supplied and discharged can be reduced. Therefore, the cultured cells 6 can be grown at a low cost.
- the minimum moving linear velocity is a velocity at which a necessary nutrient can be obtained without causing the cultured cell 6 to die, and is different for each cultured cell 6. Therefore, it is preferable that the set moving linear velocity is the same as or similar to the diffusion velocity.
- the general minimum moving linear velocity is about 1/3 of the diffusion velocity.
- the moving linear velocity V of the culture solution from the supply port 4 to the discharge port 5 is considered to be a diffusion rate V1 or less.
- the cross-sectional area from the supply port 4 to the discharge port 5 in the culture dish 3 is 129 mm ⁇ 2 when the depth of the culture solution is 1.5 mm and the width is 86 mm. Therefore, when the flow rate of the culture solution is set to 42 ⁇ L / min, the moving linear velocity V is a value obtained by dividing the flow rate by the cross-sectional area, which is 0.379 mm / min. In this case, the moving linear velocity V is smaller than the diffusion velocity V1.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state image of the culture solution flowing from the supply port side surface 3a toward the discharge port side surface 3b when the flow rate of the culture solution is set as described above.
- methylene blue is added to the supplied culture medium to color it.
- the supplied culture solution is supplied from the six supply ports 4, six peaks are formed.
- the tip areas E1 of these six peaks it can be seen that the supplied culture medium has diffused into the existing culture liquid. And this front-end
- the supplied culture medium becomes dominant on the supply port side surface 3a side.
- the diffusion speed is increased by the meniscus.
- the supplied culture solution is supplied at a flow rate that does not exceed this diffusion state, and the flow rate is controlled so as to be discharged. That is, the supply amount of the culture solution is a flow rate that supplements the flow rate of the culture solution diffused from the supply port 4.
- FIG. 8 shows a change in relative density over time on the straight line C shown in FIG.
- the distance R starts from the position of the supply port side surface 3a.
- the tip region E1 in which the relative concentration D is inclined in a bell shape moves toward the discharge port side surface 3b at the diffusion speed V1.
- the relative concentration becomes constant, and the supplied culture solution is dominant.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow rate control processing procedure of the culture solution by the flow rate control unit 30.
- the cultured cells 6 are adhered to the bottom of the culture dish 3, and then, the supply-side micro flow pump 12 is driven while the discharge-side micro flow pump 22 is stopped to enter the culture dish 3.
- the culture solution is supplied so that the culture solution is filled (step S101).
- the supply-side minute flow pump 12 is stopped, the discharge-side minute flow pump 22 is driven to discharge the culture solution, and the culture solution is set to have a predetermined depth (step S102).
- the diffusion rate of the culture solution is preferably set so that the linear velocity of the culture solution moving from the supply port 4 to the discharge port 5 at this predetermined depth is less than the maximum rate at which no shear stress is applied to the cultured cells 6.
- the flow control of the supply side micro flow pump 12 and the discharge side micro flow pump 22 is performed so that the culture solution is supplied and discharged at a constant flow rate (step S103).
- A549 cells human alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma cells
- the culture solution was supplied and discharged at a diffusion rate or lower for 5 days and cultured.
- shear stress was applied to the cells. Whether or not shear stress is applied can be determined by examining the phosphorylation state in the NO pathway and the PKC pathway.
- no eNOS phosphate peptide was identified in the NO pathway.
- no phosphorylated peptide of KRTS (S73) was identified, and phosphorylation of KRTS (S73) was unchanged. From these results, it can be presumed that the cells are not subjected to shear stress.
- the opening positions of the supply ports 4 are arranged at regular intervals in a line form in the horizontal direction in the culture liquid surface with respect to the supply port side surface 3a.
- the opening position of the supply port 4 may be shifted to the center side. In this case, the influence of the meniscus is reduced, and the tip region E1 can be moved further linearly.
- the opening position of the discharge port 5 is the same.
- a fluorine-based water repellent agent to the flow direction side surfaces 3c and 3d, the supply port side surface 3a, and the discharge port side surface 3b, generation of meniscus can be suppressed and the linear movement speed of the culture solution can be made uniform.
- a fluorine-type water repellent should just be apply
- the water repellent is not limited to fluorine, and any material having water repellency may be used.
- the above-described application of the water repellent is such that the surface free energy of the flow direction side surfaces 3 c and 3 d, the supply port side surface 3 a and the discharge port side surface 3 b is smaller than the bottom surface of the culture dish 3. Therefore, the surface free energy of the surface material of the culture dish 3 on the flow direction side surfaces 3c and 3d, the supply port side surface 3a, and the discharge port side surface 3b is smaller than the surface free energy on the bottom surface. Anything is acceptable.
- Leveling mechanism of culture dish Note that the tip of the culture fluid flow shown in FIG. 12 is inclined with respect to the flow direction. This is because the culture dish 3 was not arranged horizontally, but inclined in the width direction and the depth of the culture solution was different. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, a culture dish substrate 2 e to which the culture dish 3 is fixed is provided on the substrate 2, and between the substrate 2 and the culture dish substrate 2 e and at the four corners of the culture dish 3.
- Four horizontal adjustment mechanisms 51 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d
- two levels 52 for detecting the horizontality in the X direction and the Y direction are attached to the upper part of the culture dish substrate 2e. Note that one level may be used as long as the horizontality of the XY plane can be detected.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a specific configuration of the horizontal adjustment mechanism 51c.
- the horizontal adjustment mechanism 51 c rotates the screw portion 53 a formed on the tip side of the adjustment dial 53.
- the inclined member 54 screwed into the screw portion 53a moves in the Y direction according to the rotation of the screw portion 53a.
- An elevating member 55 is disposed above the inclined member 54.
- the inclined portion 54a at the upper portion of the inclined member 54 and the inclined portion 55a at the lower portion of the elevating member 55 are in contact with each other so as to be slidable. Therefore, according to the movement of the inclined member 54 in the Y direction, the elevating member 55 moves in the Z direction, which is the height direction.
- the operator refers to the horizontal state indicated by the level 52 and adjusts the position of the four horizontal adjustment mechanisms 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d in the Z direction to adjust the culture dish substrate 2e horizontally. Can do. As a result, the bottom surface 3e of the culture dish 3 can be adjusted horizontally.
- the depth of the culture solution supplied to and discharged from the culture dish 3 can be made constant.
- the moving linear velocity in the culture fluid flow direction (X direction) can be made uniform.
- the leveling mechanism 51 described above is a manual type, but is preferably an automatic leveling mechanism.
- the position image of the bubble indicated by the level 52 may be acquired by the imaging device, and the adjustment dial driven by the motor may be controlled to rotate so that the bubble moves to a horizontal position. If this leveling is automated, the horizontal state can always be maintained automatically even during the cultivation of the cultured cells 6.
- a connecting portion 61 between the reservoir tank 11 and the inlet of the supply-side micro flow pump 12, a connecting portion 62 between the outlet of the supply-side micro flow pump 12 and the supply port 4, A connection part 63 between the outlet 5 and the inlet of the discharge-side micro flow pump 22 and a connection part 64 between the outlet of the discharge-side micro flow pump 22 and the waste liquid tank 21 are sockets with built-in automatic open / close valves. In addition, it may be directly connected by a plug, and may be detachably and one-touch connected.
- one end of the multistage arrangement in which the reservoir tank 11 is provided on the upper part of the supply-side flow path 75 that connects the supply port 4 and the outlet of the supply-side micro flow rate pump 12 is connected to the culture dish 3.
- the inlet of the micro flow pump 12 on the supply side is detachably connected to the reservoir tank 11 from the other side, and the outlet of the micro micro flow pump 12 on the supply side is connected to the flow of the supply channel 75 from the other end. It may be configured to be detachably connected to the inlet.
- connection part 71 between the inlet of the supply-side micro flow pump 12 and the reservoir tank 11, and the connection part 72 that connects the outlet of the supply-side micro flow pump 12 and the inlet of the supply-side flow path 75 are automatic. It is directly connected by a socket and a plug with a built-in on-off valve, and is configured to be detachable and capable of one-touch connection.
- one end of the multi-stage arrangement in which the waste liquid tank 21 is provided above the discharge side flow path 76 that connects the discharge port 5 and the inlet of the discharge side micro flow rate pump 22 is connected to the discharge port 5 side of the culture dish 3.
- the outlet of the discharge side micro flow pump 22 is detachably connected to the waste tank 21 and the inlet of the discharge side micro flow pump 22 is detachable from the outlet of the discharge side flow path 76. It is good also as a structure to connect.
- connection part 74 between the outlet of the discharge side minute flow pump 22 and the waste liquid tank 21 and the connection part 73 that connects the outlet of the discharge side minute flow pump 22 and the outlet of the discharge side flow path 76 are automatically set. It is directly connected by a socket and a plug with a built-in on-off valve, and is configured to be detachable and capable of one-touch connection.
- the cell culture device 1 can be stacked in multiple stages. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 17, the cell culture device 1 can be stacked and transported in a multi-stage with a transport box 80 capable of keeping heat.
- the power connector 81 of each cell culture device 1 is connected to a power connector 82 connected to the battery 83.
- the power connector 82 is connected to the battery 83 in a daisy chain. Therefore, for example, even if the third-stage cell culture device 1 is removed from the upper side, the other cell culture devices 1 can be connected continuously only by removing the power connector 81 and the power connector 82 of the detached cell culture device 1. And continue to culture.
- the culture dish 3 is covered with a lid and the space in the culture dish 3 is filled with a culture solution. As a result, the influence of shear stress on the cultured cells in the culture dish 3 can be reduced, and continuous culture can be performed until the transport destination is reached.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a configuration of a cell culture device 200 using a closed perfusion system flow path.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the cell culture device 200 shown in FIG.
- culture dishes 203 a and 203 b, a reservoir tank 211, a waste liquid tank 223, and motors 213 a and 213 b are arranged on a substrate 201.
- a flow path plate 220 is disposed above the culture dishes 203a and 203b, the reservoir tank 211, and the waste liquid tank 223.
- supply-side minute flow rate pumps 212a and 212b are arranged on the motors 213a and 213b, respectively.
- the substrate 201 is provided with a recess in which the culture dishes 203a and 203b, the reservoir tank 211, and the waste liquid tank 223 are disposed. An opening is formed at the bottom of the recess.
- a flow path is embedded in the flow path plate 220.
- the flow path plate 220 forms a flow path groove on the facing surface between the upper plate 221 and the lower plate 222, and forms a flow path inside by joining the facing surfaces of the upper plate 221 and the lower plate 222. ing.
- the flow path includes a first flow path L231 between the reservoir tank 211 and the supply-side micro flow pump 212a, a second flow path L232 between the supply-side micro flow pump 212a and the culture dishes 203a and 203b, and a culture dish.
- a third flow path L233 between 203a, 203b and the discharge side micro flow pump 212b, and a fourth flow path L234 between the discharge side micro flow pump 212b and the waste liquid tank 223 are provided.
- the inlet 251 between the first flow path L231 and the inflow pipe L241 of the supply side micro flow pump 212a is pin-port connected, and the second flow path L232 and the outflow pipe L242 of the supply side micro flow pump 212a are connected to each other.
- the outlet 252 between them is pin-port connected.
- the inflow port 255 between the third flow path L233 and the inflow pipe L243 of the discharge side small flow pump 212b is pin-port connected, and the fourth flow path L234 and the outflow pipe L244 of the discharge side micro flow pump 212b are connected to each other. Between the outlets 256 are pin-port connected.
- the culture solution in the reservoir tank 211 flows in the closed perfusion system channel until it is collected in the waste solution tank 223. Therefore, it is possible to prevent contamination of the culture solution by the operator when the cell culture device 200 is assembled.
- the pin port connection is preferably set in advance to prevent contamination. As a result, the operator does not have the work for forming the flow path when the cell culture apparatus 200 is assembled.
- a lower engagement portion 251 for positioning the flow path plate 220 by being inserted into the openings of the culture dishes 203a and 203b, the reservoir tank 211, and the waste liquid tank 223 disposed on the substrate 201 is disposed below the flow path plate 220. Is formed.
- an upper engagement portion 252 that prevents the displacement of the lids 261 that block the culture dishes 203a and 203b, the reservoir tank 211, and the waste liquid tank 223 is formed on the upper part of the flow path plate 220.
- An opening 301 is formed in the region of the flow path plate 220 corresponding to each opening of the culture dishes 203a and 203b, the reservoir tank 211, and the waste liquid tank 223.
- the flow path plate 220 is provided with a nozzle to form a flow path into the culture dishes 203a and 203b, the reservoir tank 211, and the waste liquid tank 223.
- one culture dish 203a, 203b is provided with one supply port 253 and one discharge port 254, respectively. This is because, when a culture solution is supplied at a low flow rate, if a plurality of supply ports branched from one flow path are provided in one culture dish, it may be difficult to evenly divide the flow rate for each supply port. .
- a liquid level detection sensor SD for detecting the liquid level of the culture medium in the culture dishes 203a and 203b is provided on the flow path plate 220.
- a flow rate control unit (not shown) corresponding to the flow path control unit 30 in FIG. 2 performs flow rate control so that the liquid level detected by the liquid level detection sensor SD is constant. Thereby, the moving speed of the culture solution can be kept constant.
- an inclination adjusting mechanism for adjusting the bottom surfaces of the culture dishes 203a and 203b obliquely is provided in the A part of the substrate 201 shown in FIG.
- This inclination adjusting mechanism can be realized by the same configuration as the horizontal adjusting mechanism 51 shown in FIGS.
- the inclination by the inclination adjusting mechanism is set so that the outlet 254 side at the bottom of the culture dishes 203a and 203b is lowered. Thereby, dead cells generated during the culture can be efficiently removed from the outlet 254. Therefore, it is preferable to match the position of the discharge port 254 with the tilt direction of the tilt adjusting mechanism.
- the supply port 253 is provided at a position facing the discharge port 254.
- the supply port 253 is provided at a higher position than the discharge port 254 in a state of being tilted by the tilt adjustment mechanism. It should be noted that, similarly to the discharge port 254, the discharge port of the reservoir tank 211 is preferably provided at a position that is lowered when tilted.
- connection of the pump 212a and the motor 213a it has the mechanism which can be connected, rotating the input shaft of the motor 213a with respect to the pump 212a.
- the input shaft of the motor 213a can be moved up and down by a spring, and when the fitting hole of the pump 212a and the input shaft of the motor 213a are aligned, the input shaft can be pushed in and connected.
- the connection between the pump 212b and the motor 213b has a mechanism capable of connecting to the pump 212b while the input shaft of the motor 213b rotates.
- the flow rate of the culture solution supplied and discharged is extremely small, the consumption of the culture solution can be reduced even when cells having a large cell area are cultured. Moreover, even if the culture period until a cell required in recent regenerative medicine is obtained is about 1 month, a large amount of culture solution is not consumed, and the cost of cell culture is reduced. Can do.
- the culture solution described above is a liquid medium.
- Liquid media include synthetic media and natural media.
- a synthetic medium is a mixture of a physiological salt solution (salt solution) and chemical substances such as sugars and vitamins.
- the synthetic medium is required to have a salt solution composition that is optimal in osmotic pressure, pH, ionic composition, and the like for tissues and cells of specific mammals, reptiles, fish, insects, plants, and the like. .
- the cell culture device of the present embodiment can be used.
- an optimal salt solution composition can be found by supplying and discharging a salt solution containing no nutrients to and from the cell culture apparatus and observing the survival state of the cells in the cell culture apparatus.
- waste from cells can be removed continuously and for a long time, and other factors such as stress and injury related to cell survival can be eliminated.
- the optimal salt solution composition can be determined.
- what is necessary is just to change the composition of various nutrients and to observe the survival state of a cell.
- the cell culture device of the present embodiment is provided with a liquid such as a culture solution containing nutrients necessary for the growth of the cultured cells and a salt solution not containing nutrients necessary for maintaining the life of the cultured cells for a short period of time. It is supplied to the culture dish 3 and discharged.
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態である細胞培養装置1の外観構成を示す斜視図である。また、図2は、図1に示した細胞培養装置1の構成を示すブロック図である。図1及び図2に示すように、細胞培養装置1は、基板2の上部中央に培養皿3が設けられ、培養皿3の両端から培養皿3を挟むように、培養液を培養皿3に供給する送液部10及び培養皿3から培養液を排出する排液部20が基板2上に設けられる。
ここで、本実施の形態では、培養皿3内で、供給口4から排出口5に向かう培養液の移動線速度Vが、培養細胞6にせん断応力を与えない最大速度未満となるように培養液を培養皿3に供給しつつ排出するようにしている。
x=(4Dt)^(1/2)
として表すことができる。ここで、Dは、拡散係数であり、室温では、D=(1~2)×10^(-5)[cm^2/s]程度である。
したがって、培養液の分子が1分間に移動する平均距離xは、0.4~0.7mmとなり、拡散速度V1は、0.4~0.7mm/min となる。
図9は、流量制御部30による培養液の流量制御処理手順を示すフローチャートである。図9に示すように、まず、培養細胞6を培養皿3の底部に接着させ、その後、排出側微小流量ポンプ22を停止したまま、供給側微小流量ポンプ12を駆動し、培養皿3内に培養液が満ちるように培養液を供給する(ステップS101)。その後、供給側微小流量ポンプ12を停止し、排出側微小流量ポンプ22を駆動して培養液を排出し、培養液の深さが所定深さとなるように設定する(ステップS102)。その後、この所定深さで、供給口4から排出口5に向かう培養液の移動線速度が、培養細胞6にせん断応力を与えない最大速度未満となるように、好ましくは、培養液の拡散速度以下となるように、培養液を一定流量で供給し、かつ、排出するように、供給側微小流量ポンプ12及び排出側微小流量ポンプ22の流量制御を行う(ステップS103)。
上述した細胞培養装置1を用いて、A549細胞(ヒト肺胞基底上皮腺癌細胞)を培養皿3に播種し、5日間、培養液を拡散速度以下で供給、かつ、排出して培養した。そして、細胞にせん断応力がかかっていたか否かを調べた。せん断応力がかかったか否かは、NOの経路、PKCの経路でのリン酸化状態を調べることによってわかる。実験結果では、NOの経路には、eNOSのリン酸ペプチドが一度も同定されなかった。また、PKCの経路では、KRTS(S73)のリン酸化ペプチドは同定されず、KRTS(S73)のリン酸化は変化がなかった。これらの結果から、細胞には、せん断応力がかかっていないものと推定できる。
上述した実施の形態では、図10の上部に示したように、供給口4の開口位置は、供給口側面3aに対して培養液面内で水平方向に線状で等間隔に配置されていたが、図10の下部に示すように、供給口4の開口位置を中央側にずらした配置としてもよい。この場合、メニスカスによる影響が軽減され、先端領域E1を一層、直線状に移動させることができる。なお、排出口5の開口位置も同様である。
ところで、図7では、流れ方向側面3c,3dにおける培養液の移動線速度がメニスカスによって速くなっていた。そこで、メニスカスの発生を抑制するために、流れ方向側面3c,3d、供給口側面3a、排出口側面3bに、フッ素系の撥水剤を塗布した。その結果、図10の上部に示した供給口4の開口配置であっても、図12に示すように、流れ方向側面3c,3dにおける培養液の移動線速度を抑えることができた。すなわち、流れ方向側面3c,3d、供給口側面3a、排出口側面3bにフッ素系の撥水剤を塗布することによってメニスカスの発生が抑制され、培養液の移動線速度を均一にすることができる。なお、メニスカスの発生を抑制すればよいので、少なくとも流れ方向側面3c,3dにフッ素系の撥水剤が塗布されればよい。また、撥水剤はフッ素系に限らず、撥水性を有する材料であればよい。
なお、図12に示した培養液の流れの先端は、流れ方向に対して斜めになっている。これは、培養皿3が水平に配置されず、幅方向に傾斜して培養液の深さが異なっていたからである。そこで、図13に示すように、培養皿3が固定される培養皿用基板2eを基板2上に設けるとともに、基板2と培養皿用基板2eとの間であって、培養皿3の四隅に対応する部分に、4つの水平調整機構51(51a,51b,51c,51d)を設ける。さらに、培養皿用基板2eの上部に、X方向とY方向との水平性を検知する2つの水準器52を取り付ける。なお、XY平面の水平性を検知できるものであれば、1つの水準器であってもよい。
図15に示すように、リザーバタンク11と供給側微小流量ポンプ12の流入口との間の接続部61、供給側微小流量ポンプ12の流出口と供給口4との間の接続部62、排出口5と排出側微小流量ポンプ22の流入口との間の接続部63、及び、排出側微小流量ポンプ22の流出口と廃液タンク21との間の接続部64は、自動開閉弁内蔵のソケット及びプラグによって直接接続され、かつ、着脱自在でワンタッチ接続できるようにしてもよい。
上述した細胞培養装置は、平板状であるため、多段に積み重ねることができる。したがって、例えば、図17に示すように、保温が可能な運搬箱80で細胞培養装置1を多段に積み重ねて運搬することができる。各細胞培養装置1の電源コネクタ81は、バッテリ83に接続される電源コネクタ82にそれぞれ接続される。電源コネクタ82は、バッテリ83に対して数珠つなぎに接続されている。したがって、例えば、上側から3段目の細胞培養装置1が取り外されても、この取り外された細胞培養装置1の電源コネクタ81と電源コネクタ82とを取り外すのみで、他の細胞培養装置1を連続して培養し続けることができる。
上述した実施の形態では、培養皿3と排出側微小流量ポンプ22との流路は、可撓性チューブを用い、この可撓性チューブと排出側微小流量ポンプ22との流出口とはユーザが接続するようにしていた。この実施の形態の変形例では、すべての流路に開放部を設けない閉鎖かん流系流路を形成している。
2,201 基板
2a,2b フランジ
2c,2d 穴
2e 培養皿用基板
3,203a,203b 培養皿
3a 供給口側面
3b 排出口側面
3c,3d 流れ方向側面
3e 底面
4,253 供給口
5,254 排出口
6 培養細胞
10 送液部
11,211 リザーバタンク
12,212a,212b 供給側微小流量ポンプ
12a,22a ポンプ群
12b,22b 減速機
12c,22c,213a,213b モータ
13,23 絞り調整機構
20 排液部
21,223 廃液タンク
22 排出側微小流量ポンプ
30 流量制御部
40 温度制御部
41 透明導電膜ヒータ
42,44 温度センサ
43 ペルチェ素子
50 電源
51(51a,51b,51c,51d) 水平調整機構
52 水準器
53 調整ダイヤル
53a ネジ部
54 傾斜部材
54a,55a 傾斜部
55 昇降部材
61~64,71~74 接続部
75 供給側流路
76 排出側流路
80 運搬箱
81,82 電源コネクタ
83 バッテリ
103a,103b,111a,111b,121a,121b 押さえ部材
220 流路プレート
C 直線
D 相対濃度
E1 先端領域
L11,L12,L21,L22 流路
L231 第1の流路
L232 第2の流路
L233 第3の流路
L234 第4の流路
P1,P2 圧力
R 距離
SD 液位検出センサ
V 移動線速度
V1 拡散速度
Vmax 最大速度
Claims (16)
- 培養細胞を培養皿内に配置し、前記培養皿内に前記培養細胞の増殖あるいは維持に必要な液体を供給するとともに前記培養皿内の前記液体を排出して前記培養細胞を連続して培養する細胞培養方法であって、
前記培養細胞を挟むように前記培養皿の一端に前記液体の供給口を設けるとともに前記培養皿の他端に前記液体の排出口を設け、前記供給口から前記排出口に向かう前記液体の移動線速度が、前記培養細胞にせん断応力を与えない最大速度未満となるように前記液体を前記培養皿に供給しつつ排出することを特徴とする細胞培養方法。 - 前記液体の移動線速度は、前記液体の分子運動による拡散速度以下であることを特徴とする細胞培養方法。
- 培養細胞を培養皿内に配置し、前記培養皿内に前記培養細胞の増殖あるいは維持に必要な液体を供給するとともに前記培養皿内の前記液体を排出して前記培養細胞を連続して培養する細胞培養装置であって、
前記培養皿の一端に設けられた前記液体の供給口と、
前記供給口との間で前記培養細胞を挟むように前記培養皿の他端に設けられた前記培養皿の排出口と、
前記培養皿に供給する前記液体を蓄えるリザーバタンクと、
前記培養皿から排出された前記液体を蓄える廃液タンクと、
前記供給口を介して前記リザーバタンク内の前記液体を前記培養皿に供給する供給側微小流量ポンプと、
前記排出口を介して前記培養皿から前記液体を排出する排出側微小流量ポンプと、
前記供給口から前記排出口に向かう前記液体の移動線速度が、前記培養細胞にせん断応力を与えない最大速度未満となるように前記供給側微小流量ポンプ及び前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流量制御を行う流量制御部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。 - 前記液体の移動線速度は、前記液体の分子運動による拡散速度以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の細胞培養装置。
- 前記培養皿の側面の表面自由エネルギーは、前記培養皿の底面の表面自由エネルギーに比して小さいことを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の細胞培養装置。
- 前記培養皿の底面を水平に調整する水平調整機構を備えたことを特徴とする請求項3~5のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。
- 前記培養皿の底面を斜めに調整する傾斜調整機構を備えたことを特徴とする請求項3~6のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。
- 前記供給口及び前記排出口は、複数であり、それぞれ線状に離散配置されることを特徴とする請求項3~7のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。
- 前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流出口と前記供給口との間、及び、前記排出口と前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流入口との間は、可撓性チューブで接続され、
前記供給側微小流量ポンプと前記供給口との間、及び前記排出側微小流量ポンプと前記排出口との間に、それぞれ前記可撓性チューブの開口を絞る絞り調整機構を設けたことを特徴とする請求項3~7のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。 - 前記リザーバタンクと前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流入口との間、前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流出口と前記供給口との間、前記排出口と前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流入口との間、及び、前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流出口と前記廃液タンクとの間は、着脱自在に直接接続されることを特徴とする請求項3~7のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。
- 前記供給口と前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流出口とを結ぶ供給側流路の上部に前記リザーバタンクを設けた多段配置構成の一端を前記培養皿の供給口側に横置きし、他端から、前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流入口を前記リザーバタンクに着脱自在に接続するとともに前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流出口を前記供給側流路の流入口に着脱自在に接続し、
前記排出口と前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流入口とを結ぶ排出側流路の上部に前記廃液タンクを設けた多段配置構成の一端を前記培養皿の排出口側に横置きし、他端から、前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流出口を前記廃液タンクに着脱自在に接続するとともに前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流入口を前記排出側流路の流出口に着脱自在に接続したことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の細胞培養装置。 - 前記リザーバタンクと前記供給側微小流量ポンプとの間の第1の流路、前記供給側微小流量ポンプと前記培養皿との間の第2の流路、前記培養皿と前記排出側微小流量ポンプとの間の第3の流路、前記排出側微小流量ポンプと前記廃液タンクとの間の第4の流路とを内部に埋め込み形成し、前記リザーバタンク、前記培養皿、前記廃液タンクの上部に配置される流路プレートを備え、
前記第1の流路と前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流入口との間、および前記第2の流路と前記供給側微小流量ポンプの流出口との間がピンポート接続され、前記第3の流路と前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流入口との間、および前記第4の流路と前記排出側微小流量ポンプの流出口との間がピンポート接続されることを特徴とする請求項3~7のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。 - 前記培養皿内の液位を検出する液位検出センサを備え、
前記流量制御部は、前記液位検出センサが検出する液位が一定となるように流量制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項3~12のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。 - 前記供給側微小流量ポンプを駆動する供給側駆動源は前記供給側微小流量ポンプに対して着脱可能であり、前記排出側微小流量ポンプを駆動する排出側駆動源は前記排出側微小流量ポンプに対して着脱可能であることを特徴とする請求項3~13のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。
- 少なくとも前記培養皿を配置する基板を備え、前記基板は、前記培養細胞の培養状態を観察する領域に、穴、または前記培養皿が配置される反対側が開口した無色透明の凹部を形成していることを特徴とする請求項3~14のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。
- 前記培養皿の底部に設けられた透明導電膜ヒータと、
前記培養皿内の前記液体の温度を検出する温度センサと、
前記温度センサの検出結果をもとに前記透明導電膜ヒータを通電して前記培養皿内の前記液体の温度を所定温度範囲内に保つ制御を行う温度制御部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項3~15のいずれか一つに記載の細胞培養装置。
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