Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
  • A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
  • A61K8/027—Fibers; Fibrils
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K8/06—Emulsions
  • A61K8/064—Water-in-oil emulsions, e.g. Water-in-silicone emulsions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/42—Amides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/58—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus
  • A61K8/585—Organosilicon compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/67—Vitamins
  • A61K8/678—Tocopherol, i.e. vitamin E
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
  • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
  • A61K8/925—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of animal origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
  • C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
  • C08B1/003—Preparation of cellulose solutions, i.e. dopes, with different possible solvents, e.g. ionic liquids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K3/36—Silica
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
  • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
  • C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F2/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from solutions of cellulose in acids, bases or salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2509/00—Medical; Hygiene

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the production of shaped cellulose articles with targeted release of active ingredient inclusions.
• the active substances are solid or liquid lipophilic active substances or W / O emulsions. This process results in the active ingredients being firmly bound in the molded body during the preparation of the cellulosic shaped bodies, but in use the drug release can be controlled.
• a process for the incorporation of nonpolar substances such as phase change materials (PCM) and / or non-polar active substances in cellulose moldings is described.
• PCM phase change materials
• nanoscale, hydrophobically modified fumed silica is incorporated and / or surface and / or elongated nanoscale particles are added.
• a very strong integration of the non-polar substances in the surrounding cellulose matrix is achieved by which a controlled release is largely prevented.
• An analogous procedure is described in DE 10 2006 046 358 A1. There is no teaching of a targeted release rate of entrapped drugs.
• paraffin into meltable Kunststoffmatrizes is described in DE-PS 10 2010 007 497 A1.
• the plasticized mixture of 40 to 75% paraffin and 60 to 25% polymeric carrier component which consists of 5 to 20% of a thermoplasticizable polymer, from 5 to 20% of a styrene block copolymer and from 0 to 20% of one or more additives, extruded at 130 to 220 ° C through a nozzle opening and quenched immediately after leaving the nozzle to a temperature of 10 to 80 ° C.
• the main drawback with such a procedure is the low molding strength, the enormous elongation of more than 500% and the need for re-drawing by a factor of 2 to 12.
• this process for incorporation into melts is not transferable to processes for working with aqueous solutions, which as a rule have much lower viscosities.
• Multicomponent fibers with reversible thermal properties of Outlast Technologies Inc. which can also be produced from cellulose by means of solution spinning processes, are described in the protective rights US Pat. No. 7,244,497 B2 and WO 2005/017 247 A2 and in US Pat Utility Model DE 20 2004 021 259 U1.
• Such fibers are obtained through the use of containment structures, typically capsules containing the PCM, or core / shell or island in the sea structures in which the PCM material is tightly encased by non-PCM containing material is.
• the aim is reversible thermal properties, which are obtained by a firm integration of the PCM materials in the composite, they are therefore unsuitable for a targeted release of active ingredients.
• modified silicas for the mechanical stabilization of keratinic substances / emulsions or for the stabilization of W / O emulsions from DE69600181 T2 or DE 102004014704 A1 is known.
• the main reason for their use is an increase in the interactions of different mixture components and thus has no relation to a controlled release of active ingredients.
• T. Fornes et al. discloses the use of layered silicates with intercalated organic modifier molecules to control exfoliation in polymer blends or blends.
• the structure of the intercalated modifiers may already cause a number of structural changes in the polymer and / or blend structure (see T. Fornes, D. Hutter and D. Paul: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 1793).
• the degree of separation of the individual silica platelets can be very different in such an approach.
• the present invention seeks to develop a method with the lipophilic active ingredient compositions in solid or molten state without the use of inclusion structures or carriers or as W / O emulsions during the production of cellulosic moldings in the cellulosic molded body can be integrated, so that the active ingredients are finely distributed in the molding and during coagulation, which often takes place in an aqueous medium, are not washed out.
• Particular difficulties arise from the fact that in the process of molding of solutions often very high shear forces act, which can cause a phase separation and that the coagulation or removal of the solvent often takes place in aqueous media, where the solvent is washed out and there is a risk that the active ingredient compositions are also washed out with.
• a) pulp is dispersed in a known, aqueous direct solvent, such as, for example, NMMO, ionic liquids, or optionally mixtures of organic liquids with said direct solvents, or DMAc / LiCl;
• a known, aqueous direct solvent such as, for example, NMMO, ionic liquids, or optionally mixtures of organic liquids with said direct solvents, or DMAc / LiCl
• alkali or alkaline earth metal ions of higher periods eg K + -, Ca 2+ -, Al 3+ ions
• the active substance-containing lipophilic substance which was optionally made to flow by heating, or stabilized the active ingredient W / O emulsion by inorganic or organic thickener and transferred to a gel-like paste, this paste also added to the Cellulosemaische and stirring is mixed at solvent-dependent temperatures up to 130 ° C, d) and then a further distillation, until complete dissolution of the cellulose takes place, and
• the resulting spinning solution is shaped into shaped articles such as staple fibers, filaments, films or direct nonwovens according to one of the known solution spinning methods, and optionally after-treated, cured and dried according to one of the known processes.
• active ingredient-containing lipophilic substance we mean a mixture of active ingredient and a lipophilic matrix material.
• Active substance-containing W / O emulsions make it possible to "pack" not only lipophilic active substances but also hydrophilic active substances dissolved in water or hydrophilic solvents into a lipophilic matrix .There are also processes in which a W / O emulsion is again converted into a lipophilic matrix "packed up”.
• a Lyoceil spinning process is preferred, so it is usually a 'dry-wet spinning process'.
• substances or phyllosilicates which have an extent of 100 nm or less in at least one dimension are referred to as nanoscale.
• step b) the phyllosilicate is preswollen, that is, by intercalation with, for example, ammonium salts of long chain fatty amines, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or boron group cations of higher periods (3rd period or higher) of the PSE, or water increases the distance between the individual Lamellae (layers) of the phyllosilicate, which has a decisive influence on the degree of later exfoliation in the spinning solution. At the same time, the viscosity of this dispersion increases.
• the degree of intercalation is influenced by the size of the intercalated compounds, the amount of intercalated water, and by a defined adjustment of shear time and shear rate (see Figure 1).
• the mixing in stage c) is preferably carried out in not more than 15 minutes, more preferably for about 10 minutes.
• the inorganic or organic thickeners in step c) comprise nanoparticles based on fumed silicas, metal oxide ceramics or solvent-compatible metal nanoparticles and / or aliphatic-aromatic block copolymers.
• the aspectless nanoparticles can be organically modified on the material basis of pyrogenic silicic acids or metal oxide ceramics.
• phyllosilicates In addition to controlling the exfoliation of the phyllosilicates to control the release rates for the active ingredients, phyllosilicates also play an important role as phase mediators in the system.
• the lipophilic active ingredient compositions or active ingredient-containing W / O emulsions can be stably incorporated into the spinning mass without the need for further stabilization of the mixtures or encapsulation of the active ingredients.
• they are present in the form of finely divided bodies in the form of domains, by which are meant areas which are functionally and structurally (quasi) independent of adjacent sections.
• the phyllosilicates in process step b) are preferably organically modified phyllosilicates which contain organic molecules in the galleries of the phyllosilicate platelets, which promote attachment to the cellulose and simultaneously the fine distribution of the lipophilic substances (active ingredient compositions) or W / O emulsions stabilize in the cellulose matrix.
• unmodified phyllosilicates such as, for example, sodium montmorillonite, can also be used if more hydrophilic active substances or particularly preferably W / O emulsions are to be bound into the cellulose fiber matrix and subsequently released.
• phyllosilicates are composed of silicate platelets (individual lamellae) stacked in parallel, these in turn having a three-layer structure (about 1 nm layer thickness) of alternating tetrahedral and octahedral coordinated cation layers, which are connected to a common anion layer.
• interlamellar interlayers In the interlamellar interlayers (galleries), mobile cations required for charge equalization (isomorphic cation exchange in the cation layers) are arranged, which in turn are very simply "organic cations", preferably ammonium or phosphonium cations with at least one longer, unbranched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, which has 14 or more carbon atoms, particularly preferably 14 to 20 C atoms, especially 14, 16 or 18 C atoms.
• "Unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals” are, in particular, unbranched alkyl radicals having 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
• the interlamellar interactions ie, the cohesion of the individual lamellae are changed.
• the alkyl or alkenyl groups may be substituted, especially by hydroxy or carboxy groups. This in turn affects a more or less rapid breakdown in individual lamellae (exfoliation).
• the same is achieved in non-organically modified phyllosilicates, if, for example, the cations contained in the galleries, eg sodium ions, replaced by equivalent cations from higher periods of the PSE, eg potassium ions, or the phyllosilicates are pre-swollen in polar solvents such as water.
• the exfoliation can insofar
• steps b) to d) are influenced by the theological properties of the surrounding medium (in so far, the completeness of the cellulose resolution in the dissolving step), the temperature and also the shear intensity and duration.
• solid or liquid active substance compositions As solid or liquid active substance compositions according to the invention, it is possible with preference but not exclusively cosmetic active ingredient compositions such as evening primrose, St. John's wort, jojoba or avocado oil, fat-soluble vitamins and provitamins such as vitamin A, retinol, vitamin D or vitamin E, active ingredient-containing W / O Emulsions or non-polar plant extracts in concentrations of 0, 1 to 200 g per kilogram of cellulose are used.
• cosmetic active ingredient compositions such as evening primrose, St. John's wort, jojoba or avocado oil, fat-soluble vitamins and provitamins such as vitamin A, retinol, vitamin D or vitamin E, active ingredient-containing W / O Emulsions or non-polar plant extracts in concentrations of 0, 1 to 200 g per kilogram of cellulose are used.
• the known direct solvents include, for example, NMMO, ionic liquids and optionally mixtures of organic liquids with said direct solvents or DMAc / LiCl.
• layer silicates natural and organically modified clay minerals such as talc, montmorillonite, bentonite or kaolinite or synthetic and organically modified silicates such as Nanofil®, Laponite® or Hectorit® are used.
• the content of layered silicate in the cellulose functional fiber is 0.5 to 20%, preferably 5 to 15%, based on the amount of cellulose used.
• the W / O emulsions are aqueous preparations of cosmetic active ingredients, such as urea, or aqueous extracts of plant ingredients each mixed with nonpolar hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids and fatty acid esters having more than 8 carbon atoms (in the case of fatty acid esters more than 8 C) Atoms in the fatty acid portion) and natural or synthetic emulsifiers, wherein the concentrations of the aqueous components from 0.1 to 200 g per kilogram of nonpolar hydrocarbon.
• cosmetic active ingredients such as urea
• aqueous extracts of plant ingredients each mixed with nonpolar hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids and fatty acid esters having more than 8 carbon atoms (in the case of fatty acid esters more than 8 C) Atoms in the fatty acid portion) and natural or synthetic emulsifiers, wherein the concentrations of the aqueous components from 0.1 to 200 g per kilogram of nonpolar hydrocarbon.
• the cellulose moldings with inclusions of mixtures of modified phyllosilicates, hydrocarbons and solid or liquid lipophilic active compounds or W / O emulsions by this process can be used as functional fiber in blended yarns with other natural or chemical fibers, for example of polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, viscose, cotton or wool , in textile knitted fabrics and fabrics with functional added benefits, in functional nonwovens and functional nonwoven composites, in papers and paper composites as well as in functional films and membranes.
• the most important methods for characterizing the exfoliation of a layered silicate nanocomposite are, on the one hand, X-ray scattering (WAXS) and, on the other hand, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, both methods have only limited relevance for a comparative assessment of the exfoliation of nanocomposite samples. In contrast, rheological investigations on nanocomposite dispersions offer at least two significant advantages:
• the method is based on the determination of the shear thinning exponent n, which is a semiquantitative measure for the delamination of a nanosheet silicate [R. Wagener et al .: "Rheological characterization of nanocomposites", 8th Rudolwasher Kunststofftag, 21 May 2003].
• the measurements were carried out in a Haake Mars 2 plate-plate rheometer with small deflections of less than 1%. In preliminary investigations, it was checked that this shear amplitude in the measuring device does not lead to an unwanted orientation of the platelets.
• the viscosity of the respective samples was measured in the shear rate range between 0.1 and 100 Hz. A power equation has been adapted to the flow curve obtained in this way:
• ⁇ oscillation frequency of the rheometer (equivalent to the shear rate)
• n shear thinning exponent
• n was determined by applying a straight line to the linear part of the graph at the lowest shear rates. The value of n results as the slope of the line.
• Figure 1 shows the result of such a rheological study on different strength and / or sheared and modified with phyllosilicate nanocomposites cellulose solutions.
• 1,500 g of the staple fibers produced in this way are mixed with 3,500 g of cotton fibers, presented to a laboratory crimp and, after being cross-cut, needle-punched into a nonwoven with a basis weight of 150 g / m 2 .
• the determined, high negative shear thinning exponent of the spinning solution which was adjusted by a long shearing time and a high shear rate, thus correlates with a rather slow release of the incorporated evening primrose oil.
• a mash prepared according to Example 1 was added with otherwise analogous procedure, a dispersion of 135 g evening primrose oil, 545 g of n-dodecane and 91, 1 g of fumed silica (Aerosil ® R 106).
• a mash prepared according to Example 1 was admixed with a parallel dispersion of 2.222 kg of an 80% aqueous NMMO solution and 364.5 g of phyllosilicate (Cloisite® 30 B), which had been dispersed by UltraTurrax for only 10 minutes, and analogously to Example 1 further processed.
• the shear thinning exponent of the solution was -0.67 (curve c) in Figure 1).
• Example 2 The mash prepared according to Example 1 was added with otherwise analogous procedure, a dispersion of 135 g of a-tocopherol, 545 g of palm kernel oil and 91, 1 g of fumed silica. The mixture, whose shear thinning exponent was -0.13, is then further treated and shaped analogously to Example 1. From the staple fibers obtained, a nonwoven of the same composition and the same basis weight as in Example 1 was formed.
• the mash prepared according to Example 1 was added with otherwise analogous procedure, a dispersion of 135 g W / O emulsion (urea, cocoa butter, wool wax alcohol), 545 g of n-octadecane and 91, 1 g of fumed silica (HDK® N 20).
• the shear thinning exponent was determined to be -0.04 (curve a) in Figure 1).
• the mixture is then further treated and deformed analogously to Example 1. From the resulting staple fibers, a yarn of 30% functional fibers and 70% cotton was made and further processed into a fine circular knitting piece. An average value of 2.680 mg / 100 g urea was determined when measuring the drug penetration.
• W / O emulsions show a very sensitive influence on the shear thinning exponent of the active ingredient matrix composition with otherwise comparable treatment parameters, the lowest shear thinning exponents and comparatively high release rates.

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