WO2016078593A1 - 真空玻璃及其制备方法 - Google Patents

真空玻璃及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078593A1
WO2016078593A1 PCT/CN2015/094953 CN2015094953W WO2016078593A1 WO 2016078593 A1 WO2016078593 A1 WO 2016078593A1 CN 2015094953 W CN2015094953 W CN 2015094953W WO 2016078593 A1 WO2016078593 A1 WO 2016078593A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
vacuum
sealing
edge
sealing material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/094953
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴长虹
Original Assignee
戴长虹
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201410661220.9A external-priority patent/CN105669003A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661391.1A external-priority patent/CN105669052A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661219.6A external-priority patent/CN105669002A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661385.6A external-priority patent/CN105669006A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661352.1A external-priority patent/CN105669005A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661390.7A external-priority patent/CN105669007A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661223.2A external-priority patent/CN105601092A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661267.5A external-priority patent/CN105645743A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661222.8A external-priority patent/CN105645742A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661351.7A external-priority patent/CN105669004A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410661221.3A external-priority patent/CN105621868A/zh
Application filed by 戴长虹 filed Critical 戴长虹
Priority to US15/527,341 priority Critical patent/US20180066470A1/en
Publication of WO2016078593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078593A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66342Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit characterised by their sealed connection to the panes
    • E06B3/66357Soldered connections or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/20Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00Tempering or quenching glass products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/08Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of intervening metal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6612Evacuated glazing units
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66304Discrete spacing elements, e.g. for evacuated glazing units
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66342Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit characterised by their sealed connection to the panes
    • E06B3/66347Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit characterised by their sealed connection to the panes with integral grooves or rabbets for holding the panes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/673Assembling the units
    • E06B3/67326Assembling spacer elements with the panes
    • E06B3/67334Assembling spacer elements with the panes by soldering; Preparing the panes therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/677Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
    • E06B3/6775Evacuating or filling the gap during assembly
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B2003/6638Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with coatings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66333Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of unusual substances, e.g. wood or other fibrous materials, glass or other transparent materials
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/249Glazing, e.g. vacuum glazing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/22Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of glass deep processing, in particular to a vacuum glass and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the technology for producing vacuum glass is to seal the edge with a glass solder, a metal solder or an organic adhesive; the problem is that when the glass solder is used for sealing, it is difficult to produce a fully tempered vacuum due to the high welding temperature. Glass, the bigger problem is that the glass solder is easily melted under vacuum, which not only causes the glass solder itself to generate a lot of bubbles, but also changes the properties of the glass solder, thereby affecting the bonding strength and airtightness, and it is difficult to produce. Long-life, high-quality vacuum glass; when metal solder is used for sealing, the molten metal gas will volatilize under vacuum, and the volatilized metal gas molecules will deposit on the glass surface or react with the residual air in the vacuum.
  • the compound is deposited on the surface of the glass, similar to vacuum coating, which not only affects the appearance of the vacuum glass, but also affects the light transmittance of the vacuum glass, and thus cannot obtain satisfactory vacuum glass with good permeability, so the metal solder can be lowered.
  • Sealing temperature can thus produce tempered vacuum glass, flexible seal Stress can be reduced effectively reducing the breakage of the vacuum glass, lead-free sealing is possible to eliminate heavy metal contamination, but so far no metal edge seal vacuum glass.
  • the vacuum glass sealed with an organic adhesive is considered to be a pseudo vacuum glass because it is not subjected to a high-temperature exhaust process and the airtightness of the organic adhesive is poor, resulting in difficulty in maintaining the vacuum.
  • the three materials of glass solder, metal solder and organic adhesive are not suitable for direct application to vacuum glass under vacuum.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel vacuum glass (tempered vacuum glass) and a manufacturing method thereof for the defects existing in the existing vacuum glass, and the vacuum glass is sealed by two or more sealing materials.
  • the manufacturing method is simple, and the prepared vacuum glass can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, can effectively ensure the airtightness and service life of the vacuum glass, and can increase the strength, heat insulation and sound insulation performance.
  • the present invention provides a vacuum glass comprising an upper glass and a lower glass, the periphery of the upper glass and the lower glass being sealed together by two or more sealing materials, the upper glass A closed vacuum layer is formed between the glass and the lower glass, and the upper glass and the lower glass are convex glass or flat glass, and the convex surface of the convex glass faces outward, and there is a support between the flat glass.
  • the sealing material is an adhesive, a solder, an elastomer or a flexible material, etc., further preferably any two or three different kinds of sealing materials of glass solder, metal solder and high temperature adhesive, or two or three The same kind of sealing material; including the use of two different glass solders, two different metal solders or two different high temperature adhesives.
  • the periphery of the upper glass and/or the lower glass is further provided with at least one closed groove, which can prevent the loss of the sealing material, increase the sealing area, and strengthen the sealing effect.
  • the sealing material is either applied to one or both sides of the edge-sealing groove, or to a corresponding portion of the edge-sealing groove, or placed within the edge-sealing groove.
  • At least one of the upper glass and/or the lower glass has a periphery of at least one edge strip, the edge strip frame being integral with the upper and/or lower glass;
  • the edge strip frames on the lower glass are fitted to each other such that the sealing edge of the vacuum glass is changed from a flat seal to a labyrinth curved seal, and the sealing of the upper and lower glass can pass through the edge strip frame and seal Material to achieve.
  • the sealing material is either applied to the edge strip frame, or coated between adjacent edge strip frames, or to the corresponding portion of the edge strip frame.
  • At least one of the upper glass and/or the lower glass has a periphery of at least one edge strip, and at least one of the periphery of the glass contains at least one edge seal; the edge strip and The sealing of the edge-sealing groove can change the sealing edge of the vacuum glass from a flat seal to a labyrinth-shaped curved surface seal, and the sealing of the upper and lower glass can be embedded by the edge-sealing strip frame and the edge-sealing groove Come together to achieve.
  • the sealing material is either applied to one or both sides of the edge-sealing groove, or to a corresponding portion of the edge-sealing groove, or placed within the edge-sealing groove.
  • the sealing material is either applied to the edge strip frame, or coated between adjacent edge strip frames, or to the corresponding portion of the edge strip frame.
  • the sealing material is either coated on the edge strip frame, or coated between adjacent edge strip frames, or coated at the corresponding portion of the edge strip frame; the sealing material is coated or coated One or both sides of the edge-sealing groove, or a corresponding portion of the edge-sealing groove, or placed in the edge-sealing groove.
  • the sealing material comprises glass solder or an adhesive and a metal solder
  • the vacuum layer The first and/or third sealing material is a glass solder or an adhesive, and the second sealing material is a metal solder; the glass solder is a low softening point, high viscosity glass solder; the first seal is located at the innermost portion.
  • the sealing material comprises glass solder or adhesive or metal solder
  • the first sealing material of the vacuum layer is adhesive or glass solder
  • the second sealing material is glass solder or adhesive or metal solder
  • the glass solder is two different types of glass solder, such as the first glass solder softens but does not melt for high temperature sealing, the second glass solder softens and melts for high temperature soldering.
  • the sealing material comprises glass solder and an adhesive
  • the first and/or third sealing material of the vacuum layer is an adhesive or glass solder
  • the second sealing material is glass solder; if two seals are used Glass solder, then the properties of the two glass solders are different, such as the first glass solder softens but does not melt for high temperature sealing, the second glass solder softens and melts for high temperature soldering.
  • the support is made of low temperature glass or a polymer.
  • the support is printed on a piece of glass, the support being punctiform or cylindrical.
  • the support is simultaneously printed on the upper and lower pieces of glass, the support is strip-shaped or linear, and the upper and lower supports can form cross-support after the upper and lower glass sheets are combined.
  • the top of the support is machined into a planar or arcuate shape, and the planar tops are all disposed in one plane.
  • the upper and/or lower glass is a transparent and/or colorless glass.
  • the upper and/or lower glass is opaque and/or colored glass.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of vacuum glass, comprising the following preparation steps:
  • two flat glass sheets of a desired size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be produced, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying are performed;
  • the two treated glass are subjected to a hot bending treatment to form a convex surface; when the planar vacuum glass is fabricated, a support is prepared on at least one of the two treated glass. If the support is prepared on both pieces of glass, the upper and lower supports can be cross-supported after the upper and lower glass sheets are combined; when the tempered vacuum glass is produced, the two pieces of glass are separately tempered;
  • a plurality of suction holes may be uniformly left on the sealing material, and Will two pieces of glass After the glass is spliced into the vacuum sealing furnace; according to the sealing material, the properties of the glass and the requirements of the production process, the glass may be pre-heated or pre-exhausted before or after the splicing;
  • the fourth step vacuuming and heating the vacuum edge sealing furnace, vacuuming to below 0.1 Pa, heating up to above the softening temperature of the first sealing material, and at least one sealing material pair under gravity or applied pressure
  • the vacuum layer is sealed; the temperature is increased in vacuum or air to reach the sealing temperature of the second or third sealing material.
  • the heating is stopped and the temperature is lowered with the furnace, and the sealing material hermetically seals the two pieces of glass. Sealed together, open the furnace door of the vacuum edger to obtain vacuum glass.
  • the sealing material in the third step is any two or three kinds of glass solder, metal solder and adhesive, or two different glass solders, which are combinations of the same kind of materials (such as two kinds of glass solders with different properties) or It is a combination of different kinds of materials.
  • the fourth step further comprises: after completing the sealing of the first sealing material, releasing the vacuum, heating in the air to reach the sealing temperature of the second sealing material, and after stopping for a certain period of time, stopping heating and cooling with the furnace
  • the sealing material seals the two pieces of glass together in a gas-tight manner, and opens the furnace door of the vacuum edge-sealing furnace to obtain vacuum glass.
  • the support in the preparation support in the second step is made of low temperature glass or high polymer; when the support is printed on one of the glass, it is punctiform or cylindrical, when the support It is strip or linear when printed on the upper and lower glass.
  • the preparation support in the second step is prepared before or after tempering.
  • the tempered support is preferably mechanically ground to remove the tip of the top. And the top is in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded.
  • the first step further comprises opening one or more edge-sealing grooves on at least the upper glass or the lower glass, and performing edging, chamfering, washing and drying.
  • the metal solder may fill the space between the two adhesives or connect the upper and lower glass to serve as a metal solder; the metal solder may also not fill the space between the two adhesives or connect the upper and lower glass to serve as a coating material.
  • the second step further comprises: setting one or more edge strip frames on the periphery of the upper glass or/and the lower glass sealing surface; and heating the two treated glass when making the convex vacuum glass Bending to form a convex surface; when making a flat vacuum glass, on at least one of the two treated glass
  • the support if the support is prepared on both pieces of glass, the upper and lower supports can be cross-supported after the upper and lower glass sheets are combined; when the tempered vacuum glass is made, the two pieces of glass are separately tempered.
  • the third step of the method further comprises: if there is an edge strip frame or/and an edge seal groove on the upper glass or/and the lower glass, the sealing material is coated on the edge strip frame, Or coated between adjacent edge strips or at the corresponding edge of the edge strip; the sealing material is either coated on one or both sides of the edge seal or coated on the edge Corresponding part of the groove or placed in the sealing groove; a plurality of suction holes can be uniformly left on the sealing material, and the two pieces of glass are combined and sent into a vacuum sealing furnace, and the vacuum sealing furnace is a continuous vacuum Furnace or batch vacuum furnace; according to the requirements of the sealing material, the properties of the glass and the production process, the glass may be subjected to pretreatment such as washing, heating, exhausting, etc. before or after the splicing.
  • the vacuum glass of the invention adopts two or more sealing materials to perform two-way and multi-channel composite sealing on the upper and lower glass, and uses different sealing materials to vacuum the different traits in different stages and different temperatures of the vacuum glass.
  • the vacuum layer of the glass is compositely sealed; comprehensively utilizes the advantages of various existing sealing materials, and overcomes their respective shortcomings through different sealing temperatures and mutual synergy, and solves a seal in the prior art. All the problems faced by materials and single-channel sealing; the first and third seals of the vacuum layer of the vacuum glass of the present invention are preferably sealed with glass solder or high polymer, and the second seal is preferably sealed with metal solder.
  • the main function of the sealing is to seal the vacuum layer before the metal solder melts, and prevent the gas molecules from entering the vacuum layer after the metal solder is melted and deposited on the glass surface, so that the sealing temperature of the first sealing material can be omitted.
  • Mechanical properties, water resistance, aging resistance and long-term air tightness, etc. so the choice of materials is large Adding, the cost is greatly reduced; the second metal solder is heated and melted after being sealed by the first and third sealing materials, which not only avoids the deposition of metal vapor on the glass surface, but also prevents the large amount of metal solder from being volatilized.
  • the material is saved, the cost is reduced, and the vacuum glass with good permeability of metal welding can be easily produced; the preferred embodiment of the invention adopts two or three seals, if in the first or third seal
  • the use of glass solder can soften and melt the glass solder only, which not only reduces the sealing temperature, but also completely solves the problem that the glass solder is easily foamed under vacuum, carbonized, low bonding ability, high brittleness, no toughness, long-term gas.
  • the pumping port realizes one-step batch preparation of vacuum glass and tempered vacuum glass, promotes the industrial production of vacuum glass and tempered vacuum glass, greatly improves the productivity and yield of vacuum glass, and reduces the production cost of vacuum glass;
  • the hard and brittle glass connection between the upper and lower glass can be changed into a soft and tough metal connection, which not only reduces the stress generated during the edge sealing process, but also greatly reduces the stress.
  • the stress caused by the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the vacuum glass greatly reduces the self-explosion rate of the vacuum glass.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view of Embodiment 16 of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view of Embodiment 18 of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view of Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view of Embodiment 20 of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view of Embodiment 24 of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view of Embodiment 25 of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view of Embodiment 26 of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view of Embodiment 27 of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic illustration of Embodiment 28 of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view of Embodiment 29 of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic illustration of Embodiment 30 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a vacuum glass comprising an upper glass and a lower glass, the periphery of the upper glass and the lower glass being sealed together by two or more sealing materials, the upper glass and the lower glass A closed vacuum layer is formed, and the upper glass and the lower glass are convex glass or flat glass, and the convex surface of the convex glass faces outward, and there is a support between the flat glass.
  • the sealing refers to using an adhesive, a solder, an elastomer or a flexible material, etc., and further preferably any two or three kinds of sealing materials of the same kind or different kinds of glass solder, metal solder and high temperature adhesive; or simultaneously Two or more different glass solders, two different metal solders or two different high temperature adhesives apply two or more seals to the vacuum layer of the vacuum glass.
  • first seal is located at the innermost portion, that is, the first seal closest to the vacuum portion.
  • the two or more sealing materials include any two or three different types of sealing materials of the same kind or different kinds in the glass solder, the metal solder and the adhesive, or two or three of the same type Sealing material; preferably at least one metal solder, because metal solder has better air tightness, softness and toughness, and a wide welding temperature range, which not only ensures the sealing of vacuum glass, reduces glass stress and Long life and easy to produce tempered vacuum glass.
  • the two or more sealing materials preferably glass solder or adhesive, are used for the first sealing of the vacuum layer, preferably the second sealing of the metal solder for the vacuum layer, under the protection of the first sealing,
  • the metal solder is prevented from being volatilized under vacuum and deposited on the glass surface of the vacuum layer to produce a highly transparent vacuum glass.
  • the sealing material comprises glass solder and an adhesive
  • the first and/or third sealing material of the vacuum layer is an adhesive or glass solder
  • the second sealing material is glass solder; if both seals are made of glass Solder, then glass solder is two different types of glass solder, such as the first glass solder softened but not melted for high temperature sealing, the second glass solder softened and melted for high temperature soldering.
  • the glass solder is a low melting glass solder as the first or third sealing material, preferably a low softening point, high viscosity glass solder having a softening point temperature of 150-380 ° C, preferably 200-320 °C; has a higher viscosity after softening, no flow phenomenon occurs at 300-460 ° C, no drooling occurs at 340-420 ° C.
  • the glass solder is a low-melting glass solder as the second or third sealing material, preferably a glass solder having a low softening point and a low soldering temperature, and has a softening point temperature of 150-380 ° C, preferably 200- 320 ° C; the soldering temperature is 320-460 ° C, preferably 340-420 ° C.
  • the metal solder comprises a metal and an alloy solder having a soldering temperature of 150-400 ° C, preferably 280-380 ° C; such as tin and tin alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, zinc and zinc alloys, and the like.
  • the adhesive is preferably a high temperature resistant inorganic or organic adhesive or a composite adhesive, and has a high temperature resistance of 150-400 ° C, such as an organic high temperature resistant adhesive (polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole) Classes, polyarylsulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, silicones, modified epoxys, phenolic resins and polyarylene ethers, etc., high temperature resistant coatings, inorganic high temperature resistant adhesives, organic and inorganic composite high temperature resistant adhesives, etc. .
  • an organic high temperature resistant adhesive polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole
  • polyarylsulfones polyphenylene sulfides
  • silicones silicones
  • modified epoxys phenolic resins and polyarylene ethers
  • high temperature resistant coatings high temperature resistant adhesives
  • organic and inorganic composite high temperature resistant adhesives etc.
  • the glass solder is a low-softening point, high-viscosity glass solder, and the glass solder does not flow when the metal solder is melted.
  • the two or more sealing materials when the metal solder is used as the second sealing material, preferably the melting point of the metal solder is higher than the softening point of the first sealing material, that is, after the first sealing function, the metal solder Only then can begin to melt;
  • the first seal can permanently seal the vacuum layer or temporarily seal the vacuum layer. That is, the vacuum layer is sealed only when the metal solder is melted, and the gas molecules of the metal solder are prevented from entering the vacuum layer and deposited on the glass surface, thereby affecting the permeability of the glass; that is, the metal solder serves as a main sealing function in the vacuum glass, and other sealing materials. Provides an auxiliary seal.
  • the two or more seals preferably three seals, more preferably the first is a glass solder or adhesive seal, the second is a metal solder seal, and the third is an adhesive or glass solder seal.
  • the two or more seals when the sealing material is an adhesive and a glass solder, preferably use the first seal as the adhesive or the glass solder or the metal solder, the second seal as the glass solder, or the first seal One, the third seal is an adhesive or glass solder, and the second seal is a three-way seal of glass solder; the two seals, preferably after the first seal is completed under vacuum, the vacuum is released, and the heating is completed in the air. The second seal.
  • the two or more sealing materials are applied on the surface of the glass by manual or mechanical means, preferably by mechanical methods such as screen or stencil printing, printer or dispenser, coating machine coating, etc. .
  • the two or more seals are preferably formed by a press-and-tight seal, that is, the seal is applied under an applied pressure, such as atmospheric pressure, gravity, elastic force, and mechanical force such as rolling pressure.
  • the metal comprises an alloy, preferably a low melting point or a reactive metal which is volatile or reductive; such as tin and tin alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, zinc and zinc alloys, and the like.
  • At least one of the upper and lower glasses may have at least one edge-sealing groove
  • a sealing groove is formed around the sealing surface of the upper glass, and the sealing groove corresponds to the first sealing material or the second sealing material of the lower glass, preferably to the second sealing material. correspond;
  • each of the sealing surfaces of the upper and lower glasses has an edge sealing groove, and the edge sealing groove corresponds to the upper and lower sides, and preferably corresponds to the second sealing material;
  • the sealing surface of the upper glass has two edge sealing grooves, and the two edge sealing grooves correspond to the first and third sealing materials of the lower glass, and the two edge sealing grooves
  • the second sealing material is used; when there are multiple edge sealing grooves, and so on.
  • the edge sealing groove is a continuous groove formed by machining or laser processing on the periphery of the glass welding surface, preferably by mechanical processing such as mechanical grinding, mechanical engraving or the like.
  • the depth of the edge-sealing groove is preferably from 0.1 to 2 mm, further preferably from 0.3 to 1 mm, and the width is preferably from 0.3 to 10 mm, further preferably from 1.5 to 4 mm.
  • the cross-section of the edge-sealing groove may be of any shape, preferably a circular arc or a rectangle.
  • the periphery of at least one of the upper glass and/or the lower glass comprises at least one edge strip frame, and the edge strip frame is integrally formed with the upper and lower glass, so that the edge of the vacuum glass can be sealed by The flat seal becomes a labyrinth curved seal, and the sealing of the upper and lower glass can be achieved by the edge strip frame.
  • a sealing strip frame is arranged around the sealing surface of the upper glass, and the sealing strip frame is located between the two sealing materials.
  • the sealing surface of the upper glass or the lower glass has two edge strip frames, and the edge strips respectively correspond to the two sealing materials.
  • a sealing strip frame is arranged around the sealing surface of the upper glass, and two sealing strip frames are arranged around the sealing surface of the lower glass, and the edge glass strip frame of the upper glass is fitted under the Between the edge strips of the glass; the sealing material may be applied to the edge strip of the lower glass and/or the corresponding portion of the upper glass.
  • At least one of the upper and lower glasses may have at least one edge strip frame at least, and at least one of the glass has at least one edge seal groove; the edge band frame and the edge banding groove
  • the fitting of the groove can change the sealing edge of the vacuum glass from a flat seal to a labyrinth curved seal, and the sealing of the upper and lower glass can be achieved by the fitting of the edge strip frame and the edge seal groove.
  • a sealing strip frame is arranged around the sealing surface of the upper glass, and an edge sealing groove is arranged around the sealing surface of the lower glass, and the edge sealing strip frame corresponds to the edge sealing groove and is located Between two sealing materials.
  • At least one edge strip frame is arranged on the periphery of the sealing surface of the upper glass, and at least two edge strip frames are arranged around the sealing surface of the lower glass, and between the adjacent two edge strip frames An edge sealing groove, the edge banding frame of the upper glass is fitted between the edge banding frame of the lower glass and the edge sealing groove; the sealing material may be coated on the edge banding frame of the lower glass And/or the corresponding area on the glass.
  • the sealing surface of the upper or lower glass has two edge strip frames
  • the sealing surface of the lower or upper glass has two edge sealing grooves
  • the edge banding frame and the edge sealing groove The grooves correspond to, and preferably correspond to, the first and third sealing materials
  • the second sealing material is between the two edge strips and/or the two edge grooves.
  • the edge strip frame can be made by pressing, etching or coating, preferably by mechanical coating; or can be made of metal wire, using low temperature glass powder or adhesive to heat it at high temperature. The glass is sintered into one.
  • the coating method is a method of printing or a printer or a dispenser, and preparing a low-temperature glass powder (paste) or an adhesive or a metal powder (paste) on the glass to form a continuous rib protruding from the surface of the glass.
  • the high-temperature sintering, curing and glass are integrated; when the edge-sealing strip frame is prepared by coating, it may be one-time coating or multiple coating.
  • the edge strip frame may be prepared before the glass tempering, or may be prepared after the glass tempering; when the edge banding frame is prepared before the glass tempering, it is preferably made of a low temperature glass powder (such as a tempered glass ink).
  • the high-temperature sintering of the tempering furnace is integrated with the glass; when the edge-sealing strip frame is prepared after the glass tempering, it is preferably made of low-temperature glass solder (low softening point, high viscosity) or high temperature resistant high polymer (resin).
  • the edge strip frame can act as a first track and/or a third pass seal.
  • the height of the edge strip frame is preferably from 0.1 to 3 mm, further preferably from 0.3 to 1.5 mm, and the width is preferably from 0.2 to 5 mm, further preferably from 1 to 2 mm.
  • the vacuum glass may further include a flat glass sandwiched between the upper glass and the lower glass, and the upper glass and the lower glass respectively form two closed with the flat glass Vacuum layer.
  • the vacuum glass may further comprise a plurality of flat glass to comprise a plurality of closed vacuum layers.
  • the material of the support is a low temperature glass, metal, ceramic, glass or high temperature resistant polymer, preferably a low temperature glass or high polymer.
  • the minimum unit of the support may be a square or equilateral triangle lattice or grid having a side length of about 30-300 mm, preferably 50-100 mm; the support is a dot, strip, line or grid
  • the strip-shaped support has a length of 0.3-5.0 mm, preferably 1.0-3.0 mm, a width of 0.1-2.0 mm, preferably 0.2-1.0 mm, a height of 0.1-2.0 mm, preferably 0.2-1.0 mm;
  • the support has a width of 0.1 to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm, a height of 0.1 to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm, and a point-like support having a diameter of 0.1 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 mm.
  • the height is from 0.1 to 1.0 mm, preferably from 0.2 to 0.6 mm.
  • the support is made of low temperature glass or high polymer
  • it is preferably made of low temperature glass powder or low temperature glass solder or high temperature resistant high polymer (precursor or adhesive) by printing or printing or dispensing technology.
  • the sintering temperature of the solder is lower than that of the low temperature glass frit.
  • the support When the support is simultaneously printed on a piece of glass, it is preferably in the shape of a dot or a cylinder; when the support is simultaneously printed on the upper and lower pieces of glass, preferably in the form of a strip or a line, the upper and lower pieces of glass are combined.
  • the rear upper and lower supports can form a cross support.
  • the top of the support is machined into a planar or arcuate shape, and the planar tops are all disposed in one plane.
  • the upper and/or lower glass is a transparent and/or colorless glass.
  • the upper and/or lower glass is opaque and/or colored glass.
  • the convex bow height of the upper and lower glasses of the convex vacuum glass is preferably from 0.1 to 200 mm, further preferably from 1 to 20 mm, and is preferably used as a door and window glass without protruding beyond the door and window frame.
  • the upper and lower glasses may have the same bow height, or may have different bow heights depending on the inner and outer widths of the door and window frames.
  • the sealing material is applied to at least the periphery of the sealing surface of one or both of the upper and lower glass and the periphery of the sealing surface of the intermediate glass.
  • the sealing material is in contact with the upper and lower glass and the intermediate glass directly or through an intermediate layer (such as a metal paste layer), or is in contact with the edge strip frame, or is in contact with the edge sealing groove; the metal solder can also pass A transition layer (such as a silver paste layer) sintered in a tempering furnace or a high-temperature furnace is sealed.
  • an intermediate layer such as a metal paste layer
  • the support may be omitted;
  • the lower glass cannot rely on its own convex shape and strength to resist atmospheric pressure, a small amount of necessary support should be provided.
  • the support and the glass together resist atmospheric pressure; when the upper and lower glass are flat glass, the support must be provided in the vacuum layer. .
  • the support When the support is printed before the glass tempering, it is preferably made of low-temperature glass powder, which is sintered and solidified by the high temperature of the tempering furnace and integrated with the glass; when the support is printed after glass tempering, low-temperature glass solder or high is preferred.
  • the polymer is made by sintering or solidifying it at a high temperature in a vacuum edge banding furnace and integrating it with the glass.
  • the support When the support is printed before the glass tempering, it is preferable to mechanically grind the tempered support to remove the tip of the top and make the top in a plane, thereby eliminating the deformation effect of the tempered glass and increasing the support area.
  • the flattened top edge is further rounded to further eliminate the effects of stress, prevent breakage of the support or glass, and improve the impact resistance of the vacuum glass.
  • the upper and lower supports When the upper and lower glass have strips or linear supports, the upper and lower supports are cross-supported, and the upper and lower glass are still in point contact through the upper and lower supports, and the wire contact between the support and the glass increases the contact area and reduces the contact area.
  • the tensile stress of the glass at the support not only reduces the number of supports, but also further improves the transparency, heat insulation and sound insulation of the glass, and more importantly, improves the impact resistance of the vacuum glass.
  • the material of the upper and lower glasses may be ordinary glass or ultra-white glass, or tempered glass, or semi-tempered glass, or low-emissivity glass, or wired glass, or calendered glass, or heat.
  • the fused glass, or the glazed glass, or a combination of any two or three of the above, is further preferably ultra-white glass, tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, and low-emissivity glass, and a combination of two or three thereof.
  • the film may be first coated and then tempered, or may be tempered or post-coated; in order to solve the problem of flatness of the tempered glass and oxidative discoloration of the film, it is preferred to use tempering and post-coating.
  • the glass used preferably ultra-white glass, is used to prevent self-explosion of the tempered glass.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing the vacuum glass described above, which comprises:
  • two flat glass sheets of a desired size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be produced, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying are performed;
  • the two treated glass are subjected to a hot bending treatment to form a convex surface; when the planar vacuum glass is fabricated, a support is prepared on at least one of the two treated glass. If the support is prepared on both pieces of glass, the upper and lower supports can be cross-supported after the upper and lower glass sheets are combined; when the tempered vacuum glass is produced, the two pieces of glass are separately tempered;
  • the third step two or more sealing materials are evenly coated around the sealing surface of the lower glass or the two glasses obtained in the second step, and a plurality of air discharging holes are uniformly left on the sealing material to increase the pumping rate, and After the two pieces of glass are spliced into the vacuum sealing furnace; according to the sealing material, the properties of the glass and the requirements of the production process, the glass may be pre-heated or pre-exhausted before or after the splicing;
  • the vacuum sealing furnace is evacuated, heated, evacuated to less than 0.1 Pa, heated to above the softening temperature of at least one sealing material, and at least one sealing material is applied under gravity or applied pressure.
  • the vacuum layer is sealed; the temperature is further increased to reach the sealing temperature of the second or third sealing material, and after the heating for a certain period of time, the heating is stopped and the temperature is lowered with the furnace, and the sealing material seals the two glasses together tightly. Open the furnace door of the vacuum edger to obtain vacuum glass.
  • the vacuum glass of the two vacuum layers has a one-step forming step as follows:
  • the sealing material is evenly coated on the periphery of the upper glass, the lower glass and the intermediate flat glass sealing surface, and the sealing material can uniformly have several longitudinal seals.
  • the groove or slit of the material strip is used as the air venting hole, and the three glass sheets are spliced into the vacuum sealing furnace; the vacuum sealing furnace is evacuated to below 0.1 Pa, and the temperature is raised to the softening temperature of one of the sealing materials.
  • at least one of the sealing materials is sealed to the vacuum layer under gravity or applied pressure; the temperature is increased to reach the sealing temperature of the second or third sealing material, and after a certain period of time, the heating is stopped and the furnace is cooled.
  • the sealing material welds the three pieces of glass together in a gas-tight manner, and opens the furnace door to obtain vacuum glass.
  • the fourth step further comprises: after completing the sealing of the first sealing material, releasing the vacuum, heating in air to reach the sealing temperature of the second or third sealing material, and after stopping for a certain period of time, stopping heating, When the furnace is cooled, the sealing material seals the two pieces of glass together, and opens the door of the vacuum edge sealing furnace to obtain vacuum glass.
  • the support in the preparation support in the second step is made of low temperature glass or high polymer; when the support is printed on one of the glass, it is punctiform or cylindrical, when the support is printed It is strip or linear when it is made on the upper and lower glass.
  • the preparation support in the second step is prepared before or after tempering.
  • the tempered support is preferably mechanically ground to remove the tip of the top. And the top is in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded.
  • the first step further comprises opening one or more edge sealing grooves on at least the upper glass or the lower glass, and then performing edging, chamfering, washing and drying.
  • the second step further comprises: setting one or more edge strips on the periphery of the upper glass or/and the lower glass sealing surface, and bending the two processed glass when making the convex vacuum glass Processing to form a convex surface; when making a flat vacuum glass, preparing a support on at least one of the two treated glass, if a support is prepared on both pieces of glass to ensure that the upper and lower glass are combined, The upper and lower supports can be cross-supported; when the tempered vacuum glass is made, the two glasses are respectively tempered.
  • the third step of the method further comprises: coating two or more sealing materials around the sealing surface of the lower glass or the two glasses obtained in the second step, if the upper glass or/and the lower glass are sealed
  • the sealing material corresponds to the edge banding frame or the edge sealing groove
  • the sealing material is evenly left with several pumping
  • the pores are put into the vacuum sealing furnace after the two pieces of glass are combined, and the vacuum sealing furnace is a continuous vacuum furnace or a batch vacuum furnace; the glass is in accordance with the requirements of the sealing material, the properties of the glass and the production process. Pretreatment can be performed before or after splicing.
  • the vacuum edge banding furnace can have a basic heating system and a local heating system, and the basic heating system can adopt a resistance heating method such as electric heating wire, electric heating pipe, electric heating plate, etc., and the inside of the vacuum sealing furnace and The glass is heated to a base temperature; and the periphery of the glass, that is, the edge sealing position is locally heated by means of resistance heating, infrared heating, laser heating, electromagnetic heating, microwave heating, etc., to achieve the purpose of heating the sealing material to a molten state in a short time. .
  • the base heating temperature is preferably in the range of 150 to 300 ° C, and the local heating temperature is preferably in the range of 280 to 450 °C.
  • ultraviolet cleaning, plasma cleaning, or the like may be performed before the upper and lower glass sheets to remove gas molecules, water molecules, and the like adsorbed on the surface of the glass.
  • preheating treatment may be performed before or after the upper and lower glass sheets to improve the uniformity of glass heating.
  • the vacuum can be released and the air can be heated in the air after the first and/or three seals function.
  • active metals such as aluminum and magnesium may be placed in the vacuum layer.
  • a getter may be placed in the vacuum layer, and the getter is of an evaporative type or a non-evaporable type.
  • the vacuum edge sealing furnace is a batch vacuum heating furnace or a continuous vacuum heating furnace, preferably a continuous vacuum heating furnace.
  • the splicing of the upper and lower glass may be carried out outside the furnace of the vacuum edge sealing furnace or in the furnace; when the vacuum sealing furnace is a continuous vacuum heating furnace, it is preferred to use the inner lining.
  • Embodiment 1 Referring to FIG. 1 , a composite sealed vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be cut, the required size is cut.
  • the support 6 is prepared by using a tempered glass ink and a dispenser on the upper glass 1 or the lower glass 2, and the support 6 is cylindrical, and then the two glasses are respectively sent into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared
  • the support 6 is also sintered on the glass; the sintered support 6 is again mechanically ground so that the top is in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate the influence of stress;
  • the glass or the periphery of the two glasses is uniformly coated with a low temperature glass solder and two silicone adhesives.
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are silicone adhesives, and the second sealing material 4 is Low-temperature glass solder, the second sealing material 4 is a low-temperature glass solder located between two silicone adhesives, and a plurality of air-venting holes are uniformly left on the solder, and the two glass sheets are combined and sent into a vacuum edge-sealing furnace; Pre-treating before or after splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, heating up After 300 ° C or more, the glass is fully exhausted at high temperature, and the silicone adhesive is sealed under vacuum or applied pressure to the vacuum layer and the low-temperature glass solder to prevent the glass solder from deflation, foaming or carbonization under vacuum; continue to heat up to the glass solder.
  • the softening temperature is above 350 °C, the glass solder softens, the heating is stopped, and the temperature is lowered with the furnace.
  • the innovation of the invention lies in that the volume of the support in the point-like support shrinks and changes during the drying and sintering process, not only the height is inconsistent but also the tip forms a tip at the top, which easily forms stress concentration and reduces the impact resistance of the tempered glass through the machine. Grinding not only has its top in a plane but also has a larger contact area with the glass, thereby increasing the impact strength of the tempered glass.
  • the sealing of the glass solder by silicone eliminates the effect of vacuum on the glass solder.
  • the softened glass solder has good airtightness and solves the problem of poor silicone airtightness.
  • Embodiment 2 Referring to FIG. 2, a two-way sealed flat vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is low-emissivity glass; the vacuum glass is composed of upper glass 1 and lower glass 2, upper glass 1 and lower glass A closed vacuum layer is formed between the two, the first sealing material 3 is a sealed polyimide adhesive, the second sealing material 4 is a metal solder, and the periphery of the two glass is sealed by a first pass of the polyimide adhesive and The second sealing metal solder is welded together with a vacuum layer in the middle.
  • the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, two flat glass sheets of a desired size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying are performed; secondly, the welding surface of the metal solder of the two glasses is coated. Silver paste, then the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, the coated silver paste is also sintered on the glass; again in two glass
  • the support 6 and the support 6 are prepared in a line shape by using a polyimide adhesive and a glue applicator respectively, and the upper and lower supports 6 are crossed after the two glass pieces are combined; then the periphery of the two pieces of glass or a piece of glass is used.
  • the coating machine evenly coats the polyimide adhesive and the tin alloy solder paste, and evenly leaves a plurality of air vent holes on the solder, and puts the two glass sheets into the vacuum sealing splicing piece and then sends them into the vacuum edge sealing furnace;
  • the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, while vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to below 0.1 Pa, and heating to the polyaluminum
  • the gelation temperature of the amine is above 250 ° C, the getter is activated under high temperature and high vacuum, and the softened polyimide is sealed to the vacuum layer under gravity or applied pressure; the temperature is raised to the melting temperature of the tin alloy 280 Above °C, the tin alloy melts, stops heating, and cools down with the furnace.
  • the tin alloy welds the two pieces of glass together in a gas-tight manner, and opens the furnace door to obtain the required vacuum glass.
  • the innovation of the embodiment of the invention is that the linear tough support made of polyimide adhesive not only improves the impact strength of the vacuum glass, but also can connect the fragments of the glass when the glass is broken to prevent the glass from falling off. The safety of the glass is further improved.
  • the periphery of the two glasses may be welded together by the first sealing 3 metal solder and the second sealing 4 low temperature glass solder.
  • Embodiment 3 Referring to FIG. 3, a three-way sealed flat vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated a piece of flat glass and a piece of low-emissivity glass, and edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying; secondly, the support 6 is prepared by using a tempered glass ink and a dispenser on the two glasses, and the support 6 is strip-shaped After the two glass sheets are combined, the upper and lower supports are crossed together, and then the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared support 6 is also sintered on the glass; the sintered support 6 is again performed.
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are glass solder
  • the second sealing material 4 is magnesium alloy powder, magnesium alloy powder level
  • a plurality of air vent holes are evenly distributed on the solder, and the two glass sheets are spliced into a vacuum edge banding furnace; the glass is pretreated before or after splicing to exclude the glass surface.
  • the adsorbed gas and the volatile substances contained in the solder finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, heating to a softening temperature of low temperature glass of 280 ° C or more, softening of the low temperature glass, and making it under gravity or applied pressure
  • Softened low temperature glass seals the magnesium alloy, Prevent the large amount of volatilization of the magnesium alloy; continue to heat up to a melting temperature of the magnesium alloy of 320 ° C or higher, the magnesium alloy melts, stops heating, and cools with the furnace, the magnesium alloy gas-tightly welds the two pieces of glass together, and opens the furnace door to obtain the desired Vacuum glass.
  • the innovation of this embodiment of the present invention is that three seals are used to seal the metal solder in a fixed space before the metal solder is melted and when the amount of volatilization is small, thereby preventing the metal solder from being volatilized in a large amount, that is, avoiding Glass, vacuum furnaces and vacuum pumps are contaminated, which reduces the loss of metal solder.
  • the upper and lower glass have strip-shaped supports, the supports are stacked vertically, the upper and lower glass are still in point contact through the support, and the contact between the support and the glass is in line, which increases the contact area and reduces the glass at the support.
  • the tensile stress so the number of supports can be reduced, thereby further improving the transparency, thermal insulation and sound insulation of the glass.
  • Embodiment 4 Referring to FIG. 4, a two-way sealed flat vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated, a piece of flat glass and a low-radiation glass, and edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying; secondly, the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering; again by using polyimide adhesive and dispenser
  • the support 6 and the support 6 are cylindrical, and a glass or two glass periphery is uniformly coated with a polyimide adhesive and a low-temperature glass solder by a coater, and the first sealing material 3 is polyimide.
  • the adhesive, the second sealing material 4 is a low temperature glass solder, and a plurality of air vent holes are uniformly left on the glass solder, and the two glass sheets are combined and sent into a vacuum edge sealing furnace; the glass is before or after the splicing Pretreatment is carried out to remove the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, and heating to a high temperature of the glass After the gas temperature is above 320 °C, after the glass is exhausted, the polyimide is sealed to the vacuum layer under gravity or applied pressure, and the support 6 is in close contact with the upper and lower glass; the vacuum is released, and the temperature is continuously raised in the air to the melting temperature of the low temperature glass.
  • the low temperature glass melts, and the support 6 is also solidified on the glass; the heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered with the furnace, the low temperature glass and the polyimide seal the two pieces of glass together, and the furnace door is opened to obtain the required Vacuum glass.
  • thermoplastic polyimide with good toughness is used as a support, and all the supports are in good contact with the glass by deformation under high temperature and pressure. The stress on the glass and the support increases the impact resistance of the vacuum glass.
  • the double seal makes the vacuum glass have better sealing effect and longer service life.
  • Embodiment 5 Referring to FIG. 5, a vacuum glass of three sealed double vacuum layers, at least two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, which is produced as follows: firstly according to the shape of the vacuum glass produced and Two pieces of ultra-white glass and one low-emissivity glass of the required size are cut and chamfered, chamfered, washed and dried; secondly, the support 6 is prepared by using tempered glass ink and dispenser on two pieces of ultra-white glass respectively.
  • the support 6 is in the shape of a dot, and then the two glasses are respectively sent into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment, the prepared support 6 is also sintered on the glass, and the low-radiation glass is subjected to semi-tempering treatment; the sintered support is again 6 mechanical grinding, the top is in a plane, the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate stress; then two coats are evenly coated with two coats of glass or three glass Low temperature glass solder and a magnesium alloy powder, the magnesium alloy powder is located between two glass solders, the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are low temperature glass solder, the second way
  • the sealing material 4 is a magnesium alloy powder, and a plurality of air vent holes are uniformly left on the solder, and the three glass sheets are combined and sent into a vacuum edge sealing furnace; the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to remove the glass.
  • two sealing materials can also be used, that is, a periphery of two glasses or three glasses is uniformly coated with a low temperature glass solder 4 and a magnesium alloy powder 3 by a glue applicator, and the magnesium alloy powder 3 is located in the glass solder 4 The inside.
  • Embodiment 6 Referring to Fig. 6, a two-way sealed flat vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, which is manufactured as follows: firstly, according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass, edging, chamfering, cleaning, drying; secondly, two edging frame 7 are prepared on the lower glass 2 with tempered glass ink and glue applicator, and then two pieces of glass are prepared.
  • the edge strip frame 7 is also sintered and integrated with the lower glass 2;
  • the support 6 is again prepared by using a polyimide adhesive and a dispenser, and the support 6 is cylindrical, and the lower glass is 2 on the inner edge strip frame 7 is uniformly coated with a polyimide adhesive by a coater, and low temperature glass solder is placed on the two edge strip frames, and the first sealing material 3 is a polyimide adhesive,
  • the second sealing material 4 is a low temperature glass solder, and a plurality of air vent holes are uniformly left on the solder, and the two glass sheets are spliced and sent to a vacuum edge sealing furnace;
  • the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing, Excluding the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, heating to the high temperature exhaust temperature of the glass, and softening temperature of the low temperature glass above 320 ° C, glass exhaust
  • Embodiment 7 Referring to FIG. 7, a three-way sealed flat vacuum glass with a bezel frame, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the vacuum glass produced Shape and size cut a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass, and edging, chamfering, cleaning, drying; secondly, using tempered glass ink and dispenser to prepare the edge banding frame on the upper glass 1 7 and the support 6, the support 6 is cylindrical, and then the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, the prepared edge strip frame 7 and the support 6 are also sintered on the glass; The support 6 is mechanically ground so that the top is in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate the effects of stress; then the perimeter of a piece of glass or two glass is evenly coated with a coater Applying two low temperature glass solders and one zinc alloy wire, the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are
  • the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, and heating to a low temperature
  • the softening temperature of the glass is above 320 °C, and after softening of the low-temperature glass, the softened low-temperature glass is sealed against the zinc alloy under gravity or applied pressure to prevent a large amount of volatilization of the zinc alloy; the temperature is further increased until the melting temperature of the zinc alloy is 380 ° C or more, zinc alloy Melting, stopping heating, cooling with the furnace, the zinc alloy gas-tightly welds the two pieces of glass together and opens the furnace door to obtain the desired vacuum glass.
  • Embodiment 8 Referring to FIG. 8 , a three-way sealed flat vacuum glass with upper and lower glass edges and a bezel frame, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the production The shape and size of the vacuum glass cuts a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass of the required size, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying; secondly, using tempered glass ink and glue on the upper glass 1 and the lower glass 2, respectively The machine prepares one and two edge strip frames 7, and the edge strip frame 7 of the upper glass 1 corresponds to the two edge strip frames 7 of the lower glass 2, and then the two glasses are respectively sent into the tempering furnace for tempering.
  • the processed edge strip frame 7 is also sintered on the glass; the support 6 is prepared again on the two glasses by a low temperature glass solder and a dispenser, and the support 6 is elongated, and after the two glass are combined The upper and lower supports are crossed together; then the two edge strips 7 of the lower glass 2 are uniformly coated with a polyimide adhesive with a glue applicator and a tin alloy strip is placed between them, the first sealing material 3 And the third sealing material 5 is a polyaluminum
  • the amine adhesive, the second sealing material 4 is a tin alloy strip, and a plurality of suction holes are uniformly left on the polyimide adhesive, and the two glass sheets are combined and sent into a vacuum edge sealing furnace; the glass is before the splicing or After lamination, pretreatment is carried out to remove the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, and heating to a curing temperature of the polyimide adhesive
  • the upper and lower supports made of tin alloy and low temperature glass are cross-connected together; the temperature is raised until the melting temperature of the tin alloy is above 350 °C, the tin alloy is melted, the heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered with the furnace, and the polyimide and tin alloy are two.
  • the block glass is welded together in a gastight manner, and the furnace door is opened to obtain the desired vacuum glass.
  • the innovation of the embodiment of the invention is that the upper and lower edge strip frame and the upper and lower supports are used, the sealing effect is good, the supporting stress is small, and the vacuum layer has high height, large space and high height, which is beneficial to reducing the conduction performance of the support.
  • the space is large, and the buffering capacity is more sufficient for the vacuum degree, and the gettering agent can be placed more conveniently and in a larger amount, thereby increasing the service life of the vacuum glass.
  • Embodiment 9 Referring to FIG. 9, a flat vacuum glass having an edge-sealing groove and a three-way seal, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the vacuum glass produced Shape and size cut a piece of flat glass and a low-radiation glass of the required size, and open a sealing groove 8 on one of the glass, and then edging, chamfering, washing and drying; Secondly, the two glasses are respectively sent into the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and then the support 6 and the support 6 are prepared in a line shape on the two glasses by using a polyimide adhesive and a glue applicator, and the two glass pieces are combined.
  • the upper and lower supports 6 are crossed together; the periphery of one glass or two glasses is evenly coated with two low-temperature glass solders and one magnesium alloy powder by a coater, and the magnesium alloy powder is placed between the two glass solders and the edge banding
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are low-temperature glass solder
  • the second sealing material 4 is magnesium alloy powder
  • a plurality of suction holes are uniformly left on the solder to laminate the two glass sheets.
  • the glass After being fed into the vacuum edge-sealing furnace; the glass is pre-treated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming
  • the temperature is below 0.1 Pa, the temperature rises to a softening temperature of the low temperature glass of 280 ° C or higher, and after the low temperature glass is softened, the softened low temperature glass is sealed with a magnesium alloy under gravity or an applied pressure to prevent a large amount of volatilization of the magnesium alloy; Above the melting temperature of the magnesium alloy 320 °C, molten magnesium alloy, the heating was stopped, the furnace cooling, the two glass magnesium alloy hermetically welded together to open the door in vacuo to give the desired glass.
  • the innovation of the embodiment of the invention is that the use of the edge-sealing groove not only makes the plane seal become a curved surface seal, but also can flexibly control the thickness of the vacuum layer; the linear tough support made of polyimide adhesive not only improves The impact strength of the vacuum glass, and the glass fragments can be connected when the glass is broken, preventing the glass from falling off, further improving the safety of the glass.
  • Embodiment 10 Referring to FIG. 10, a two-sealed groove, two sealed flat vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the vacuum glass produced Shape and size cut a piece of flat glass and a low-radiation glass of the required size, and open a corresponding upper and lower sealing groove 8 on each of the two glasses, and then edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying; secondly The support 6 is prepared by using tempered glass ink and dispenser respectively on the two glasses, and the support 6 is elongated. After the two glass are combined, the upper and lower supports are crossed together, and then the two glasses are respectively sent into the tempering furnace.
  • the tempering treatment is performed, and the prepared support 6 is also sintered on the glass; the sintered support 6 is mechanically ground again, and the top is placed in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further Eliminate the effects of stress; then uniformly coat a silicone adhesive with a coater on the inside of a glass or two glass edged trenches 8, and seal the trenches 8 into the low temperature glass.
  • Solder, the first sealing material 3 is a silicone adhesive, the second sealing material 4 is a low temperature glass solder, and a plurality of air vent holes are evenly left on the solder, and an active metal or a getter or a splicing piece is placed between the two glasses.
  • the glass After being sent to the vacuum sealing furnace;
  • the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, and heating to a high temperature row
  • the silicone layer After the gas temperature is above 300 °C, after heat preservation, the silicone layer is sealed under gravity or applied pressure; the vacuum is released, and the temperature is continuously raised in the air until the melting temperature of the glass solder is 420 ° C or higher, the glass solder is melted, the heating is stopped, and the furnace is stopped. Cooling, glass solder and silicone seal the two glass sheets together and open the furnace door to obtain the desired vacuum glass.
  • Embodiment 11 Referring to Fig. 11, a flat vacuum glass having two edge-sealing grooves and three seals, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the vacuum produced The shape and size of the glass cut a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass of the required size, and open two edge-sealing grooves 8 on the upper glass 1, and then edging, chamfering, washing and drying; secondly, two pieces The glass is sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment; the support 6 is again prepared by using a polyimide adhesive and a dispenser, and the support 6 is cylindrical, and then uniformly coated by a coater on the periphery of a piece of glass or two pieces of glass.
  • the magnesium alloy powder is located between two polyimide adhesives, the first seal
  • the material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are polyimide adhesives, and the second sealing material 4 is a magnesium alloy powder, and a plurality of suction holes are uniformly left on the solder to put an active metal or a getter between the two glasses.
  • the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, and pumping Vacuum to 0.1Pa or less, heat up to a high temperature exhaust temperature of 300 ° C or more, after heat preservation, seal the magnesium alloy under gravity or applied pressure to prevent a large amount of volatilization of the magnesium alloy; continue to raise the temperature to the melting temperature of the magnesium alloy Above 350 ° C, the magnesium alloy melts, stops heating, and cools down with the furnace. The magnesium alloy and polyimide seal the two pieces of glass together, and open the furnace door to obtain the required vacuum glass.
  • the edge sealing groove not only makes the plane seal into a curved surface seal, but also can flexibly control the thickness of the vacuum layer; the tough support made of polyimide adhesive is not only convenient to manufacture, The heat insulation performance is good, and the impact strength of the vacuum glass is improved.
  • Embodiment 12 Referring to FIG. 12, a three-sealed flat vacuum glass with a sealing strip frame and an edge sealing groove, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: Cutting a flat glass and a low-profile of the required size according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass produced The glass is shot, and a sealing groove 8 is opened on the lower glass 2, and then edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying are performed; secondly, the edge banding frame 7 is prepared on the upper glass 1 by using tempered glass ink and a glue coating machine respectively.
  • the edge strip frame 7 corresponds to the edge seal groove 8, and then the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared edge strip frame 7 is also sintered on the upper glass 1;
  • the imide adhesive and the dispenser prepare the support 6 and the support 6 is cylindrical.
  • the coating of a piece of glass or two glasses is evenly coated with two silicone adhesives and a tin alloy powder, tin alloy powder 4
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are silicone adhesives
  • the second sealing material 4 is tin alloy powder
  • the solder is evenly distributed.
  • Embodiment 13 Referring to FIG. 13, a three-way sealed flat vacuum glass having two edge strip frames and two edge seal grooves, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method thereof As follows: Firstly, according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be cut, a flat glass and a low-emissivity glass of the required size are cut, and two edge-sealing grooves 8 are opened on the upper glass 1, and then edging, chamfering and cleaning are performed.
  • edge banding frames 7 are prepared on the lower glass 2 by tempered glass ink and glue applicator respectively, and the edge banding frame 7 corresponds to the edge sealing groove 8, and tempered glass is respectively used on one of the glass
  • the ink and the dispenser prepare the support 6 and the support 6 is in the form of dots.
  • the two glasses are respectively sent into the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared edge strip frame 7 and the support 6 are also sintered on the glass;
  • the sintered support 6 is again mechanically ground with the top in one plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate the effects of stress; then used on the two edge strips 7 Gluing machine
  • Two polyimide adhesives are evenly coated, magnesium alloy powder is placed between the two edge strip frames 7, and the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are polyimide adhesives, the second way
  • the sealing material 4 is a magnesium alloy powder, and a plurality of air vent holes are uniformly left on the sealing material, and the two glass sheets are combined and sent into a vacuum edge sealing furnace; the glass is before the splicing Or pre-treating the sheet to remove the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the sealing material; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, and raising the temperature to a high temperature exhaust temperature of 280 ° C or higher, After
  • Embodiment 14 Referring to FIG. 14, a two-part sealed flat vacuum glass having an edge-sealing frame on both upper and lower glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, and one piece is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the production The shape and size of the vacuum glass cuts a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass of the required size, and opens a sealing groove 8 on the lower glass 2, and then edging, chamfering, washing and drying; secondly, on the upper glass 1 And the lower glass 2 are respectively prepared by using a tempered glass ink and a glue applicator to form one and two edge strip frames 7 , and the edge strip frame 7 of the upper glass 1 corresponds to the two edge strip frames 7 of the lower glass 2 and Corresponding to the edge sealing groove 8, the two pieces of glass are respectively sent into the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared edge banding frame 7 is also sintered on the glass; again, the low temperature glass paste is used on the two pieces of
  • the dispenser 6 prepares the support 6 and the support 6 is elongated, and the upper and lower supports are crossed after the two glass sheets are combined; then the inner edge strip frame 7 of the lower glass 2 is uniformly coated by the glue applicator.
  • Imide adhesive between two The edge strip frame 7 is placed in a low temperature glass solder, the first sealing material 3 is a polyimide adhesive, the second sealing material 4 is a low temperature glass solder, and the polyimide adhesive is uniformly left with a plurality of suction holes,
  • the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; Heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, raising the temperature to a high temperature exhaust temperature of 320 ° C or higher, and softening the polyimide and low-temperature glass, sealing the softened polyimide to a vacuum layer or low-temperature glass under gravity or applied pressure.
  • the upper and lower supports are cross-connected together; the vacuum is released, the temperature is continued in the air until the melting temperature of the glass solder is above 420 ° C, the glass solder is melted, the heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered with the furnace, and the glass solder and the polyimide are two glasses. Sealed together in a gastight manner, opening the furnace door to obtain the required vacuum glass.
  • the innovation of the embodiment of the invention is that the upper and lower edge strip frame and the upper and lower supports are used, the sealing effect is good, the supporting stress is small, and the vacuum layer has high height, large space and high height, which is beneficial to reducing the conduction performance of the support.
  • the heat insulation and sound insulation performance of the vacuum glass are improved; the space is large, and the buffering capacity for the vacuum degree is larger, and the gettering agent can be placed more conveniently and in a larger amount, thereby improving the service life of the vacuum glass.
  • Embodiment 15 Referring to Fig. 15, an adhesive-sealed convex vacuum glass is composed of an upper convex glass 1 and a lower convex glass 2. The periphery of the two glass is sealed by two sealing adhesives 3, and the vacuum is in the middle. Floor.
  • the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, two flat glass sheets of a desired size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be produced, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying are carried out; secondly, two glasses are placed in a mold and placed in a hot bend.
  • the temperature is raised to 550-750 ° C, and the glass is formed into a convex surface by the gravity of the glass itself, and is cooled to room temperature with the furnace; the periphery of the two glasses or a glass is uniformly coated by a coater.
  • Two organic silica gels are adhered, and metal magnesium powder is uniformly placed between the two silicone adhesives.
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are silicone adhesives, and the second sealing material 4 is metal magnesium powder, adhesive
  • a plurality of air venting holes are uniformly left on the upper surface, and the two glass sheets are spliced into a vacuum sealing furnace; the glass is pre-heated or pre-vented before or after splicing to exclude the inclusion in the solder.
  • Embodiment 16 Referring to Fig. 16, a three-way sealed flat vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is low-emissivity glass; the vacuum glass is composed of upper glass 1 and lower glass 2, and the periphery of two glasses passes Two polyimide adhesives 3 are welded together with a metal seal 4 with a vacuum layer in between.
  • the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, two flat glass sheets of a desired size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be produced, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying are performed; secondly, tempered glass ink and dots are used on the upper glass 1
  • the glue machine prepares the support 6, applies silver paste on the welding surface of the metal of the two glasses, and then sends the two pieces of glass into the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, the prepared support 6 and the coated silver paste are also Sintered on the glass; the sintered support 6 is again mechanically ground with the top in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate the effects of stress; then two pieces of glass or The periphery of a piece of glass is uniformly coated with a polyimide adhesive and a tin alloy solder paste by a coater.
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are polyimide adhesives, and the second sealing material 4 is tin. Alloy solder paste, a plurality of air vent holes are evenly left on the adhesive, and the two glass sheets are placed in a vacuum sealer and then sent to a vacuum edge banding furnace; the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing To exclude Gas and glue adsorbed on the glass surface Volatile matter contained in the agent; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, heating to a curing temperature of polyimide of 250 ° C or higher, the getter is activated under high temperature and high vacuum, in gravity Or under pressure, the polyimide softened after curing is sealed to the vacuum layer; the temperature is raised until the melting temperature of the tin alloy is above 280 ° C, the tin alloy is melted, the heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered with the furnace, and the adhesive and the tin alloy are two glass gases. Closely sealed together, open the furnace door to get the required vacuum glass
  • Embodiment 17 Referring to Fig. 3, a three-way sealed flat vacuum glass, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, which is produced as follows: firstly, according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated a piece of flat glass and a piece of low-emissivity glass, and edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying; secondly, the support 6 is prepared by using a tempered glass ink and a dispenser on the two glasses, and the support 6 is strip-shaped After the two glass sheets are combined, the upper and lower supports are crossed together, and then the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared support 6 is also sintered on the glass; the sintered support 6 is again performed.
  • Embodiment 18 Referring to FIG. 17, a three-way sealed flat vacuum glass with a bezel frame, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the vacuum glass produced Shape and size cut a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass, and edging, chamfering, cleaning, drying; secondly, using tempered glass ink and dispenser to prepare the edge banding frame on the upper glass 1 7 and the support 6, the support 8 is cylindrical, and then the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, the prepared edge strip frame 7 and the support 6 are also sintered on the glass; The glass or the periphery of the two glasses is evenly coated with two polyimide adhesives and one zinc alloy wire, and the zinc alloy wire is located between the two polyimide adhesives and corresponds to the edge strip frame 7,
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are polyimide adhesives, and the second sealing material 4 is a
  • the glass In the edge-sealing furnace; the glass is pre-treated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the adhesive; finally, vacuuming, heating, and vacuuming to below 0.1 Pa Heating to the gelatinization temperature and softening temperature of the polyimide at 350 ° C or higher, and softening the polyimide, sealing the softened polyimide to the zinc alloy under gravity or applied pressure to prevent a large amount of volatilization of the zinc alloy The temperature is raised until the melting temperature of the zinc alloy is above 380 ° C. The zinc alloy is melted, the heating is stopped, and the temperature is lowered with the furnace. The zinc alloy hermetically seals the two glasses together and opens the furnace door to obtain the desired vacuum glass.
  • the innovation of the embodiment of the invention is that the introduction of the edge strip frame changes the seal between the two glasses from a flat seal to a curved seal, thereby improving the airtightness, firmness and reliability of the vacuum glass seal.
  • Embodiment 19 Referring to FIG. 18, a flat vacuum glass having an edge-sealing groove and three seals, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the vacuum glass produced Shape and size cut a piece of flat glass and a piece of low-emissivity glass, and open a sealing groove 8 on one of the glass, then edging, chamfering, cleaning, drying; secondly, two pieces of glass They are respectively sent into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and then the support 6 and the support 6 are prepared in a line shape by using a polyimide adhesive and a glue applicator on two pieces of glass, and the upper and lower supports 6 are crossed after the two glass pieces are combined.
  • a glass or two glass is coated with two silicone adhesives and a magnesium alloy powder by a coater.
  • the magnesium alloy powder is located between the two adhesives and corresponds to the edge sealing groove 8.
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are silicone adhesives, and the second sealing material 4 is magnesium alloy powder, and a plurality of suction holes are uniformly left on the adhesive, and two glasses are placed.
  • the glass is pre-treated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the adhesive; finally, vacuuming, heating, and pumping Vacuum to 0.1Pa or less, raise the temperature to the gelation temperature of the silicone resin above 280 °C, seal the silicone with magnesium under gravity or applied pressure, prevent the large amount of volatile loss of the magnesium alloy; continue to heat up to the melting temperature of the magnesium alloy 320 Above °C, the magnesium alloy melts, stops heating, and cools down with the furnace. The silicone and magnesium alloy seal the two pieces of glass together, and open the furnace door to obtain the required vacuum glass.
  • the innovation of the embodiment of the invention is that the use of the edge-sealing groove not only makes the plane seal become a curved surface seal, but also can flexibly control the thickness of the vacuum layer; the linear tough support made of polyimide adhesive not only improves The impact strength of the vacuum glass, and the glass fragments can be connected when the glass is broken, preventing the glass from falling off, further improving the safety of the glass.
  • Embodiment 20 Referring to FIG. 19, a flat vacuum glass having two edge-sealing grooves and three seals is different from Embodiment 19 in that the lower glass 2 corresponds to the edge-sealing groove 8 of the upper glass 1. There is also a sealing groove 8 on the upper side to further enhance the sealing effect.
  • Embodiment 21 Referring to FIG. 11, a flat vacuum glass having two edge-sealing grooves and three seals, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the vacuum produced The shape and size of the glass cut a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass of the required size, and open two edge-sealing grooves 8 on the upper glass 1, and then edging, chamfering, washing and drying; secondly, one of them The support 6 and the support 6 are prepared by using a tempered glass ink and a dispenser on the glass, and then the two glasses are respectively sent into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared support 6 is also sintered on the glass; The sintered support 6 is mechanically ground so that the top is in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate the influence of stress; then coated on the periphery of a piece of glass or two pieces of glass The cloth machine evenly coats
  • Embodiment 22 Referring to FIG. 12, a three-sealed flat vacuum glass with a sealing strip frame and an edge sealing groove, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: Cutting a flat glass of a desired size and a low-emissivity glass according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated, and opening a sealing groove 8 on the lower glass 2, followed by edging, chamfering, washing and drying; secondly An edge strip frame 7 is prepared on the upper glass 1 by using a tempered glass ink and a glue applicator, and the edge strip frame 7 corresponds to the edge seal groove 8, and then the two pieces of glass are respectively sent into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment.
  • the prepared edge strip frame 7 is also sintered on the upper glass 1; the support 6 is again prepared by using a polyimide adhesive and a dispenser, and the support 6 is cylindrical, and the periphery of a piece of glass or two pieces of glass is coated.
  • the cloth machine is evenly coated with two polyimide adhesives and a low temperature glass solder.
  • the low temperature glass solder is located in two polyimide adhesives.
  • the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are polyimide adhesives
  • the second sealing material 4 is a low-temperature glass solder, and a plurality of suction holes are uniformly left on the adhesive.
  • the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the adhesive; Vacuum, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, raising the temperature to a gelation temperature of 300 ° C above the polyimide adhesive 3, sealing the polyimide to the low temperature glass solder 5 under gravity or applied pressure, preventing low temperature glass solder 5 venting, foaming or carbonizing under vacuum, the support 6 is in close contact with the upper and lower glass; the temperature is raised until the melting temperature of the low temperature glass solder 5 is above 380 ° C, the low temperature glass solder 5 is melted, and the support 6 is also solidified on the glass; Heating, cooling with the furnace, polyimide and low-temperature glass seal the two glass together tightly, open the furnace door to get the required vacuum glass.
  • Embodiment 23 Referring to FIG. 5, a vacuum glass of three sealed double vacuum layers, at least two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly according to the shape of the vacuum glass produced and Two pieces of ultra-white glass and one low-emissivity glass of the required size are cut and chamfered, chamfered, washed and dried; secondly, the support 6 is prepared by using tempered glass ink and dispenser on two pieces of ultra-white glass respectively.
  • the support 6 is in the shape of a dot, and then the two glasses are respectively sent into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment, the prepared support 6 is also sintered on the glass, and the low-radiation glass is subjected to semi-tempering treatment; the sintered support is again 6 mechanical grinding, the top is in a plane, the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate stress; then two coats are evenly coated with two coats of glass or three glass Silicone adhesive and a magnesium alloy powder, the magnesium alloy powder is located between two silicone adhesives, the first sealing material 3 and the third sealing material 5 are silicone adhesives, the first The channel sealing material 4 is a magnesium alloy powder, and a plurality of suction holes are uniformly left on the adhesive, and the three pieces of glass are combined and sent into a vacuum sealing furnace; the glass is pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude The gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the adhesive; finally, vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to 0.1 Pa or less, heating up to a gel
  • Example 24 Referring to Figure 20, a two-way sealed flat vacuum glass, two glasses of tempered glass Glass, one of which is low-emissivity glass; the vacuum glass consists of upper glass 1 and lower glass 2, and the periphery of the two glass is welded together by the first sealing 3 polyimide adhesive and the second sealing 4 metal solder. It is a vacuum layer.
  • the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, two flat glass sheets of a desired size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be produced, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying are performed; secondly, tempered glass ink and dots are used on the upper glass 1
  • the melter prepares the support 6, applies silver paste on the welding surface of the metal solder of the two glasses, and then sends the two pieces of glass into the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, the prepared support 6 and the coated silver paste.
  • the sintered support 6 is again mechanically ground, with the top in one plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate the effects of stress; then the two pieces of glass Or uniformly coating the polyimide adhesive and the tin alloy solder paste with a coater on the periphery of a piece of glass, leaving a plurality of suction holes uniformly on the solder, and placing the two pieces of glass between the getter sheets and then feeding them into the vacuum.
  • the glass In the edge-sealing furnace; the glass is pre-treated before or after the splicing to exclude the gas adsorbed on the surface of the glass and the volatile substances contained in the solder; finally, vacuuming, heating, and evacuating to 0.1 Pa Lowering, heating to a curing temperature of polyimide of 250 ° C or higher, the getter is activated under high temperature and high vacuum, and the softened polyimide is sealed to the vacuum layer under gravity or applied pressure; the temperature is further increased to The melting temperature of the tin alloy is above 280 ° C, the tin alloy is melted, the heating is stopped, and the temperature is lowered with the furnace. The tin alloy gas-tightly welds the two pieces of glass together to open the furnace door to obtain the desired vacuum glass.
  • Embodiment 25 Referring to Fig. 21, a two-sealed flat vacuum glass insulation panel, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, which is produced as follows: firstly according to the shape of the vacuum glass insulation board produced and A piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass of the required size are cut and chamfered, chamfered, washed and dried; secondly, the support 6 and the support 6 are prepared by using tempered glass ink and a dispenser on the two glasses respectively.
  • the upper and lower supports are crossed after the two glass sheets are combined, and then the two pieces of glass are separately sent to the tempering furnace for tempering treatment, and the prepared support 6 is also sintered on the glass;
  • the support 6 is mechanically ground so that the top is in a plane, and the flattened top edge is rounded to further eliminate the effects of stress; then uniformly coated with a coater on the periphery of a piece of glass or two pieces of glass a magnesium alloy powder and a low temperature glass solder, the first sealing material 3 is magnesium alloy powder, and the second sealing material 4 is low temperature glass solder, uniform on the solder
  • the glass can be pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude the volatile substances contained in the solder; Heating, vacuuming to below 0.1Pa, liter Warming to low temperature glass softening temperature of 280 ° C or more, low temperature glass softening, under the gravity or applied pressure, the softened low
  • Embodiment 26 Referring to FIG. 22, a two-sealed flat vacuum glass insulation board with a beading frame, two pieces of glass are tempered glass, one of which is also a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, according to the production The shape and size of the vacuum glass insulation board cuts a piece of flat glass and a low-emissivity glass of the required size, and edging, chamfering, washing and drying; secondly, using tempered glass ink on the upper glass 1 and the lower glass 2, respectively The dispensing machine prepares the edge banding frame 7, and the support 6 is prepared by using the tempered glass ink and the dispenser in the upper glass 1.
  • the support 6 is cylindrical, and then the two pieces of glass are respectively sent into the tempering furnace for tempering treatment.
  • the prepared edge strip frame 7 and the support 6 are also sintered on the glass; the periphery of one piece of glass or two pieces of glass is uniformly coated with a zinc alloy wire and a low temperature glass solder by a coater, the first sealing material 3
  • the second sealing material 4 is a low temperature glass solder, and the zinc alloy wire is located between the low temperature glass solder and the edge strip frame 7 on the lower glass 2, and corresponds to the edge strip frame 7 of the upper glass 1.
  • a plurality of air venting holes are evenly distributed on the solder, and the two glass sheets are combined and sent to the edge sealing furnace; the glass may be pretreated before or after the splicing to exclude volatile substances contained in the solder; While vacuuming, heating, vacuuming to below 0.1 Pa, heating to a softening temperature of low temperature glass of 350 ° C or higher, softening of low temperature glass, sealing softened low temperature glass under gravity or applied pressure to prevent zinc alloy A large amount of volatile loss; continue to heat up to the melting temperature of the zinc alloy above 380 ° C, the zinc alloy melts, stops heating, cools with the furnace, the zinc alloy gas-tightly welds the two pieces of glass; at the same time, the zinc is at high temperature and vacuum Under the action, a large amount of volatilization and reaction with oxygen and nitrogen, not only improve the degree of vacuum but also coat the vacuum layer, and open the furnace door to obtain the required vacuum glass insulation board.
  • Embodiment 27 Referring to FIG. 23, the same as Embodiment 19, the difference from Embodiment 19 is that two seals are used for the periphery of one glass or two glasses, and the first sealing material 3 is magnesium alloy powder, and the second seal is used.
  • Material 4 is a polyimide adhesive, which is uniformly coated with a magnesium alloy powder and a polyimide adhesive, and the magnesium alloy powder is located in the edge-sealing groove 8.
  • Embodiment 28 Referring to FIG. 24, the same as Embodiment 20, the difference from Embodiment 20 is that a piece of glass Or two seals are used around the two glass.
  • the first sealing material 3 is magnesium alloy powder
  • the second sealing material 4 is polyimide adhesive
  • the first cloth machine evenly coats a magnesium alloy powder and a polyimide.
  • the amine adhesive, the magnesium alloy powder, is located in the edge-sealing groove 8.
  • Embodiment 29 Referring to FIG. 25, similar to Embodiment 12, the difference from Embodiment 12 is that two seals are used for the periphery of one piece of glass or two pieces of glass, and the first sealing material 3 is magnesium alloy powder, and the second seal is used.
  • the material 4 is a low-temperature glass solder, and a zinc alloy powder 3 and a low-temperature glass solder 4 are uniformly coated by a coater, and the zinc alloy powder 3 is located in the edge-sealing groove 8.
  • the vacuum glass according to the embodiment of the invention may be made of transparent, colorless glass, and can be used as a conventional window glass; or it can be an opaque or colored glass insulation board for manufacturing heat insulation.
  • Vacuum glass and vacuum glass insulation panels are all vacuum glass in a broad sense, and the structure and manufacturing method thereof can be realized by using the structure and method of the vacuum glass of the present invention.
  • the vacuum glass according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for a conventional window glass, and can also be used for manufacturing a vacuum glass insulation board for an insulated wall panel.

Abstract

一种真空玻璃,包括上玻璃、下玻璃,上玻璃和下玻璃的周边通过两道或多道密封材料封接在一起,上玻璃和下玻璃之间形成一个封闭的真空层,上玻璃和下玻璃是凸面玻璃或平面玻璃,凸面玻璃的凸面朝向外侧,平面玻璃之间有支撑物。

Description

真空玻璃及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃深加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种真空玻璃及其制作方法。
背景技术
目前普遍使用的生产真空玻璃的技术是采用玻璃焊料、金属焊料或有机胶粘剂的一种来封边;其存在的问题是:采用玻璃焊料封边时,由于焊接温度高,所以不易生产全钢化真空玻璃,更大的难题是玻璃焊料在真空下熔化容易发生放气现象,不但使玻璃焊料本身产生很多气泡,而且使玻璃焊料的性质发生变化,从而影响粘接强度和气密性,很难生产出长寿命、高品质的真空玻璃;采用金属焊料封边时,由于熔化的金属焊料在真空下会发生挥发现象,挥发的金属气体分子会沉积在玻璃表面上、或者与真空中残余的空气反应生成化合物后再沉积在玻璃表面上,类似于真空镀膜,不但影响真空玻璃的外观、而且影响真空玻璃的透光性,因而也无法得到满意的通透性良好的真空玻璃,所以尽管金属焊料能够降低封接温度因而可生产出钢化真空玻璃、柔性封边能够有效减小应力降低真空玻璃的破损率、无铅封接能够消除重金属污染等,但是至今未见金属封边的真空玻璃。而用有机胶粘剂封边的真空玻璃由于没有经过高温排气过程、有机胶粘剂的气密性较差,导致真空度难以维持,所以被认定为伪真空玻璃。综上所述,玻璃焊料、金属焊料和有机胶粘剂三种材料均不适合单独直接应用于真空下封接真空玻璃。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有真空玻璃存在的缺陷,提供一种新型的真空玻璃(钢化真空玻璃)及其制作方法,这种真空玻璃通过两道或多道密封材料进行封接,制作方法工艺简单,所制备的真空玻璃能克服现有技术中的不足,可有效保证真空玻璃的气密性和使用寿命,并能增加强度以及隔热、隔音性能。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种真空玻璃,包括上玻璃、下玻璃,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃的周边通过两道或多道密封材料封接在一起,所述上玻 璃和所述下玻璃之间形成一个封闭的真空层,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃是凸面玻璃或平面玻璃,所述凸面玻璃的凸面朝向外侧,所述平面玻璃之间有支撑物。
优选地,所述密封材料是胶粘剂、焊料、弹性体或柔性材料等,进一步优选为玻璃焊料、金属焊料和高温胶粘剂中的任意两种或三种不同种类的密封材料,或是两种或三种相同种类的密封材料;包括同时使用两种不同的玻璃焊料、两种不同的金属焊料或两种不同的高温胶粘剂。
优选地,所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃的周边还设置有至少一条封闭沟槽,所述封边沟槽可以防止密封材料的流失,增大密封面积、强化密封效果。
优选地,所述密封材料或涂覆在封边沟槽的一侧或两侧、或涂覆在封边沟槽的对应处、或放置在封边沟槽内。
优选地,所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃中至少有一块玻璃的周边含有至少一个封边条框,所述封边条框与所述上和/或下玻璃形成一体;所述上、下玻璃上的所述封边条框互相嵌合在一起使真空玻璃的封边由平面密封变为迷宫式的曲面密封,所述上下玻璃的封接可以通过所述封边条框和密封材料来实现。
优选地,所述密封材料或涂覆在封边条框上、或涂覆在相邻封边条框之间、或涂覆在封边条框的对应处。
优选地,所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃中至少有一块玻璃的周边含有至少一个封边条框,至少有一块玻璃的周边含有至少一个封边沟槽;所述封边条框与所述封边沟槽的配合可以使真空玻璃的封边由平面密封变为迷宫式的曲面密封,所述上下玻璃的封接可以通过所述封边条框与所述封边沟槽的嵌合来实现。
优选地,所述密封材料或涂覆在封边沟槽的一侧或两侧、或涂覆在封边沟槽的对应处、或放置在封边沟槽内。
优选地,所述密封材料或涂覆在封边条框上、或涂覆在相邻封边条框之间、或涂覆在封边条框的对应处。
优选地,所述密封材料或涂覆在封边条框上、或涂覆在相邻封边条框之间、或涂覆在封边条框的对应处;所述密封材料或涂覆在封边沟槽的一侧或两侧、或涂覆在封边沟槽的对应处、或放置在封边沟槽内。
优选地,所述密封材料包括玻璃焊料或胶粘剂以及金属焊料,所述真空层的 第一和/或第三道密封材料为玻璃焊料或胶粘剂、第二道密封材料为金属焊料;所述玻璃焊料为低软化点、高粘度的玻璃焊料;所述第一道密封位于最里面。
优选地,所述密封材料包括玻璃焊料或胶粘剂或金属焊料,所述真空层的第一道密封材料为胶粘剂或玻璃焊料、第二道密封材料为玻璃焊料或胶粘剂或金属焊料;如果两道密封均采用玻璃焊料,那么玻璃焊料是两种性质不同的玻璃焊料,如第一道玻璃焊料软化但不熔化用于高温密封、第二种玻璃焊料软化又熔化用于高温焊接。
优选地,所述密封材料包括玻璃焊料和胶粘剂,所述真空层的第一和/或第三道密封材料为胶粘剂或玻璃焊料,第二道密封材料为玻璃焊料;如果有两道密封均采用玻璃焊料,那么两种玻璃焊料的性质是不同的,如第一道玻璃焊料软化但不熔化用于高温密封、第二种玻璃焊料软化又熔化用于高温焊接。
优选地,所述支撑物采用低温玻璃或高聚物制成。
优选地,所述支撑物印制在一块玻璃上,所述支撑物为点状或圆柱状。
优选地,所述支撑物同时印制在上下两块玻璃上,所述支撑物为条状或线状,所述上下两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物能够形成交叉支撑。
优选地,所述支撑物的顶部经机械加工为平面状或圆弧状,并且所述平面状的顶部都设置在一个平面内。
优选地,所述上玻璃和/或下玻璃为透明和/或无色玻璃。
优选地,所述上玻璃和/或下玻璃为不透明和/或彩色玻璃。
本发明还提供了一种真空玻璃的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
第一步,根据所需要制作的真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理;
第二步,当制作凸面真空玻璃时,将两块处理后的玻璃进行热弯处理,使其形成凸面;当制作平面真空玻璃时,在两块处理后的玻璃中的至少一块上制备支撑物,如果在两块玻璃上均制备支撑物,保证上、下玻璃合片后,上、下支撑物能够交叉支撑;当制作钢化真空玻璃时,则对两块玻璃分别进行钢化处理;
第三步,将第二步获得的下玻璃或两块玻璃的封接面周边均匀涂布两道或多道密封材料,为加快抽气速率、密封材料上可均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻 璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;根据密封材料、玻璃的性状和生产工艺的要求,所述玻璃在合片前或合片后可以进行预加热或预排气处理;
第四步,对所述真空封边炉边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至第一道密封材料的软化温度以上,在重力或外加压力下至少使一种密封材料对真空层进行密封;在真空或空气中继续升温,达到第二种或第三种密封材料的封边温度,保温一定时间后,停止加热、随炉降温,密封材料将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开真空封边炉的炉门得到真空玻璃。
第三步所述密封材料是玻璃焊料、金属焊料和胶粘剂中的任意两种或三种,或是两种不同的玻璃焊料,是同种类材料的组合(如两种性质不同的玻璃焊料)或是不同种类材料的组合。
优选地,所述第四步进一步包括当完成第一种密封材料的密封之后,解除真空,在空气中加热达到第二种密封材料的封边温度,保温一定时间后,停止加热、随炉降温,密封材料将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开真空封边炉的炉门得到真空玻璃。
优选地,所述第二步中的制备支撑物中的所述支撑物采用低温玻璃或高聚物制成;当支撑物印制在其中一块玻璃上时为点状或圆柱状,当支撑物印制在上下两块玻璃上时为条状或线状。
优选地,所述第二步中的制备支撑物在玻璃钢化前或钢化后制备,当支撑物在玻璃钢化前印制时,优选对钢化后的支撑物进行机械研磨处理,去除其顶部的尖端、并使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘再进行倒圆角处理。
优选地,所述第一步还包括在至少在上玻璃或下玻璃上开设一至数个封边沟槽,再进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理。
优选地,所述金属焊料可以充满两道胶粘剂之间的空间或连接上下玻璃,充当金属焊料;所述金属焊料也可以不充满两道胶粘剂之间的空间或不连接上下玻璃,充当镀膜材料。
优选地,所述第二步还包括在上玻璃或/和下玻璃封接面的周边制作上设置一至数个封边条框;当制作凸面真空玻璃时,将两块处理后的玻璃进行热弯处理,使其形成凸面;当制作平面真空玻璃时,在两块处理后的玻璃中的至少一块上制 备支撑物,如果在两块玻璃上均制备支撑物,保证上、下玻璃合片后,上、下支撑物能够交叉支撑;当制作钢化真空玻璃时,则对两块玻璃分别进行钢化处理。
优选地,所述方法的第三步进一步包括:若上玻璃或/和下玻璃上有封边条框或/和封边沟槽时,所述密封材料或涂覆在封边条框上、或涂覆在相邻封边条框之间、或涂覆在封边条框的对应处;所述密封材料或涂覆在封边沟槽的一侧或两侧、或涂覆在封边沟槽的对应处、或放置在封边沟槽内;密封材料上可均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中,真空封边炉为连续式真空炉或间歇式真空炉;根据密封材料、玻璃的性状和生产工艺的要求,所述玻璃在合片前或合片后可以进行清洗、加热、排气等预处理。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的真空玻璃以两种及以上的密封材料对上、下玻璃进行两道及多道复合密封,利用不同密封材料在真空玻璃的密封焊接过程中不同阶段、不同温度下的不同性状对真空玻璃的真空层进行复合密封;综合利用了现有各种密封材料的优点、并通过不同的密封温度和相互之间的协同作用而克服了其各自的缺点,解决了现有技术中一种密封材料、单道密封面临的所有难题;本发明的真空玻璃其真空层的第一、第三道密封优选采用玻璃焊料或高聚物密封、第二道密封优选采用金属焊料密封时,第一道密封其主要作用仅是在金属焊料熔化前密封住真空层,防止金属焊料熔化后其气体分子进入真空层而沉积在玻璃表面上,所以可以不用过多考虑第一道密封材料的封接温度、力学性能、耐水性能、耐老化性能和长期的气密性等等,因而材料的选择范围大幅度增加、成本大幅度降低;第二道金属焊料是在被第一道、第三道密封材料密封后,再升温熔化,不但可以避免金属蒸气在玻璃表面上沉积、而且防止了金属焊料的大量挥发,节省了材料、降低了成本,从而很容易生产出金属焊接的通透性良好的真空玻璃;本发明的优选方案采用两道或三道密封后,若在第一道或第三道密封中使用玻璃焊料可以使玻璃焊料只软化而不熔化,不但降低了封边温度,而且彻底解决了玻璃焊料在真空下封接容易起泡、碳化、粘接能力低、脆性大、无韧性、长期气密性差、封接温度高钢化玻璃容易退火无法生产真空玻璃、钢化真空玻璃的问题,也可以解决金属焊料在玻璃表面沉积、消耗大的问题以及高聚物长期气密性差生产的真空玻璃寿 命短的问题;当金属焊料用于第一道密封材料时,还可以利用金属焊料在玻璃表面上沉积、实现真空镀膜的效果,或金属焊料吸收真空层中的气体可起到吸气剂的作用;几种密封材料的协同作用,大大增加了上、下玻璃之间真空层的密封性能,显著提高了真空玻璃的寿命,在真空环境下直接封边、可省去制作和密封难度极大的抽气口,实现了一步法批量化制备真空玻璃和钢化真空玻璃,促进了真空玻璃和钢化真空玻璃的工业化生产,极大地提高了真空玻璃的生产率和合格率、降低了真空玻璃的生产成本;此外,与现有市售真空玻璃相比,将上、下玻璃之间硬性、脆性玻璃连接可以改为软性、韧性金属连接,不但减小了封边过程中产生的应力,也大大减小了真空玻璃因内外温差产生的应力,从而极大地减小了真空玻璃的自爆率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的示意图。
图2为本发明的实施例2的示意图。
图3为本发明的实施例3的示意图。
图4为本发明的实施例4的示意图。
图5为本发明的实施例5的示意图。
图6为本发明的实施例6的示意图。
图7为本发明的实施例7的示意图。
图8为本发明的实施例8的示意图。
图9为本发明的实施例9的示意图。
图10为本发明的实施例10的示意图。
图11为本发明的实施例11的示意图。
图12为本发明的实施例12的示意图。
图13为本发明的实施例13的示意图。
图14为本发明的实施例14的示意图。
图15为本发明的实施例15的示意图。
图16为本发明的实施例16的示意图。
图17为本发明的实施例18的示意图。
图18为本发明的实施例19的示意图。
图19为本发明的实施例20的示意图。
图20为本发明的实施例24的示意图。
图21为本发明的实施例25的示意图。
图22为本发明的实施例26的示意图。
图23为本发明的实施例27的示意图。
图24为本发明的实施例28的示意图。
图25为本发明的实施例29的示意图。
图26为本发明的实施例30的示意图。
图中:1.上玻璃,2.下玻璃,3.第一道密封,4.第二道密封,5.第三道密封,6.支撑物,7.沟槽,8.条框,9.中间玻璃。
具体实施方式
以下采用实施例和附图来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
本发明提供了一种真空玻璃,包括上玻璃、下玻璃,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃的周边通过两道或多道密封材料封接在一起,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃之间形成一个封闭的真空层,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃是凸面玻璃或平面玻璃,所述凸面玻璃的凸面朝向外侧,所述平面玻璃之间有支撑物。
其中,所述密封是指采用胶粘剂、焊料、弹性体或柔性材料等,进一步优选为玻璃焊料、金属焊料和高温胶粘剂中的任意两种或三种同种类或异种类的密封材料;或者同时使用两种不同的玻璃焊料、两种不同的金属焊料或两种不同的高温胶粘剂对真空玻璃的真空层实行两道或多道密封。
其中,所述第一道密封位于最里面,即最靠近真空部分的为第一道密封。
其中,所述两道或多道密封材料,包括玻璃焊料、金属焊料和胶粘剂中的同种类或异种类的任意两种或三种不同类的密封材料,或是两种或三种相同类的密封材料;优选至少一道为金属焊料,因为金属焊料有更好的气密性、柔软性和韧性以及很宽的焊接温度范围,不但能够保证真空玻璃的密封性、减小玻璃应力和 延长使用寿命,而且易于生产出钢化真空玻璃。
其中,所述两道或多道密封材料,优选玻璃焊料或胶粘剂用于真空层的第一道密封,优选金属焊料用于真空层的第二道密封,在第一道密封的保护下,可以防止金属焊料在真空下挥发后沉积在真空层的玻璃表面上,以生产高透视性的真空玻璃。
其中,所述密封材料包括玻璃焊料和胶粘剂,所述真空层的第一道和/或第三道密封材料为胶粘剂或玻璃焊料,第二道密封材料为玻璃焊料;如果两道密封均采用玻璃焊料,那么玻璃焊料是两种性质不同的玻璃焊料,如第一道玻璃焊料软化但不熔化用于高温密封、第二种玻璃焊料软化又熔化用于高温焊接。
其中,所述玻璃焊料作为第一道或第三道密封材料时为低熔点玻璃焊料,优选为低软化点、高粘度的玻璃焊料,其软化点温度为150-380℃,优选为200-320℃;软化后具有较高的粘度,在300-460℃不发生流淌现象,在340-420℃不发生流淌现象。
其中,所述玻璃焊料作为第二道或第三道密封材料时为低熔点玻璃焊料,优选为低软化点、低焊接温度的玻璃焊料,其软化点温度为150-380℃,优选为200-320℃;焊接温度为320-460℃,优选为340-420℃。
其中,所述金属焊料包含金属和合金焊料,其焊接温度为150-400℃,优选为280-380℃;如锡及锡合金、镁及镁合金、锌及锌合金等。
其中,所述胶粘剂优选为耐高温的无机或有机胶粘剂或复合胶粘剂,其耐高温度为150-400℃,如有机耐高温胶粘剂(聚酰亚胺类、聚苯并咪唑类、聚苯并噻唑类、聚芳砜类、聚苯硫醚类、有机硅类、改性环氧类、酚醛树脂类和聚芳醚类等)、耐高温涂料、无机耐高温胶粘剂、有机无机复合耐高温胶粘剂等。
进一步,所述玻璃焊料为低软化点、高粘度的玻璃焊料,在金属焊料熔化时,玻璃焊料不会流淌。
其中,所述两道或多道密封材料,当金属焊料作为第二道密封材料时,优选金属焊料的熔点高于第一道密封材料的软化点,即第一道密封发挥作用后,金属焊料才可以开始熔化;
进一步,所述第一道密封可以永久性密封真空层,也可以临时性密封真空层, 即只在金属焊料熔化时密封真空层,防止金属焊料的气体分子进入真空层中沉积在玻璃表面上,影响玻璃的通透性;亦即在真空玻璃中金属焊料起主要密封作用,其他密封材料起辅助密封作用。
其中,所述两道或多道密封,优选采用三道密封,更优选为第一道为玻璃焊料或胶粘剂密封,第二道为金属焊料密封,第三道为胶粘剂或玻璃焊料密封。
其中,所述两道或多道密封,密封材料为胶粘剂和玻璃焊料时,优选采用第一道密封为胶粘剂或玻璃焊料或金属焊料、第二道密封为玻璃焊料的两道密封,或者采用第一道、第三道密封为胶粘剂或玻璃焊料、第二道密封为玻璃焊料的三道密封;所述两道密封,优选在真空下完成第一道密封后,解除真空,在空气中加热完成第二道密封。
其中,所述两道或多道密封材料,采用人工或机械的方法涂覆在玻璃表面上,优选采用机械的方法,如丝网或模板印刷、打印机或点胶机、涂胶机涂覆等。
其中,所述两道或多道密封,优选采用压合密封的方式,即在外加压力下实现密封,所述外加压力为大气压力、重力、弹力和机械力如碾压力等。
其中,所述金属包含合金,优选低熔点或易挥发或还原性强的活泼金属;如锡及锡合金、镁及镁合金、锌及锌合金等。
其中,所述上、下玻璃中可以至少有一块玻璃的周边至少含有一个封边沟槽;
进一步,所述上玻璃的封接面周边有一个封边沟槽,所述封边沟槽与下玻璃的第一道密封材料或第二道密封材料相对应,优选与第二道密封材料相对应;
进一步,所述上、下玻璃的封接面周边各有一个封边沟槽,所述封边沟槽上下对应,并优选与第二道密封材料相对应;
进一步,所述上玻璃的封接面周边有两个封边沟槽,所述两个封边沟槽与下玻璃的第一、三道密封材料相对应,所述两个封边沟槽之间为第二道密封材料;当有多个封边沟槽时,以此类推。
其中,所述封边沟槽是由机械加工或激光加工的方式在玻璃焊接面周边形成的连续沟槽,优选机械加工方式,如机械研磨、机械雕刻等。
其中,所述封边沟槽的深度优选为0.1-2mm,进一步优选为0.3-1mm,宽度优选为0.3-10mm,进一步优选为1.5-4mm。
所述封边沟槽的横截面可为任意形状,优选圆弧形或长方形。
其中,所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃中至少有一块玻璃的周边含有至少一个封边条框,所述封边条框与所述上下玻璃形成一体,可以使真空玻璃的封边由平面密封变为迷宫式的曲面密封,所述上下玻璃的封接可以通过所述封边条框来实现。
进一步,所述上玻璃的封接面周边有一个封边条框,所述封边条框位于两道密封材料之间。
进一步,所述上玻璃或下玻璃的封接面周边有两个封边条框,所述封边条框分别与两道密封材料相对应。
进一步,所述上玻璃的封接面周边有一个封边条框,所述下玻璃的封接面周边有两个封边条框,所述上玻璃的封边条框嵌合在所述下玻璃的封边条框之间;所述密封材料可以涂覆在下玻璃的封边条框上和/或上玻璃的对应处。
其中,所述上、下玻璃中可以至少有一块玻璃的周边至少含有一个封边条框,至少有一块玻璃的周边至少含有一个封边沟槽;所述封边条框与所述封边沟槽的配合可以使真空玻璃的封边由平面密封变为迷宫式的曲面密封,所述上、下玻璃的封接可以通过所述封边条框与所述封边沟槽的嵌合来实现。
进一步,所述上玻璃的封接面周边有一个封边条框,所述下玻璃的封接面周边有一个封边沟槽,所述封边条框与封边沟槽相对应、并位于两道密封材料之间。
进一步,所述上玻璃的封接面周边至少有一个封边条框,所述下玻璃的封接面周边至少有两个封边条框、且相邻的两个封边条框之间有封边沟槽,所述上玻璃的封边条框嵌合在所述下玻璃的封边条框之间及封边沟槽内;所述密封材料可以涂覆在下玻璃的封边条框上和/或上玻璃的对应处。
进一步,所述上或下玻璃的封接面周边有两个封边条框,所述下或上玻璃的封接面周边有两个封边沟槽,所述封边条框与封边沟槽相对应、并优选与第一、三道密封材料相对应,第二道密封材料处于两个封边条框和/或两个封边沟槽之间。
其中,所述封边条框可以通过压榨、蚀刻或涂覆的方式制成,优选采用机械涂覆的方式;也可以由金属丝制成、利用低温玻璃粉或胶粘剂在高温下将其与玻 璃烧结为一体。
进一步,所述涂覆方式是采用印刷或打印机或点胶机的方法,将低温玻璃粉(膏)或胶粘剂或金属粉(膏)制备在玻璃上形成凸起于玻璃表面的连续凸棱,经高温烧结、固化与玻璃结合为一体;所述封边条框采用涂覆方式制备时,可以是一次涂覆,也可以是多次涂覆。
进一步,所述封边条框可以在玻璃钢化前制备,也可以在玻璃钢化后制备;所述封边条框在玻璃钢化前制备时,优选采用低温玻璃粉(如钢化玻璃油墨)制成,经钢化炉的高温烧结与玻璃结合为一体;所述封边条框在玻璃钢化后制备时,优选采用低温玻璃焊料(低软化点、高粘度)或耐高温高聚物(树脂)制成,此时,所述封边条框可以充当第一道和/或第三道密封。
其中,所述封边条框的高度优选为0.1-3mm,进一步优选为0.3-1.5mm,宽度优选为0.2-5mm,进一步优选为1-2mm。
其中,所述真空玻璃还可以包括一块平板玻璃,所述平板玻璃夹在所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃之间,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃分别和所述平板玻璃形成两个封闭的真空层。
其中,所述真空玻璃可以进一步包括多块平板玻璃,从而包含多个封闭的真空层。
所述支撑物的材料为低温玻璃、金属、陶瓷、玻璃或耐高温的高聚物,优选为低温玻璃或高聚物。
所述支撑物最小单元可以是正方形、等边三角形的点阵或网格,其边长约为30-300mm,优选为50-100mm;支撑物为点状、条状、线状或网格状,条状支撑物其长度为0.3-5.0mm、优选为1.0-3.0mm,宽度为0.1-2.0mm、优选为0.2-1.0mm,高度为0.1-2.0mm、优选为0.2-1.0mm;线状支撑物其宽度为0.1-2.0mm、优选为0.2-1.0mm,高度为0.1-2.0mm、优选为0.2-1.0mm;点状支撑物其直径为0.1-3.0mm、优选为0.3-1.0mm,高度为0.1-1.0mm、优选为0.2-0.6mm。
支撑物采用低温玻璃或高聚物制成时,优选采用低温玻璃粉或低温玻璃焊料或耐高温的高聚物(先驱体或胶粘剂)利用印刷或打印或点胶技术制成,所述低温玻璃焊料的烧结温度低于低温玻璃粉。
当支撑物同时印制在一块玻璃上时,优选为点状或圆柱状;当支撑物同时印制在上下两块玻璃上时,优选为条状或线状,所述上下两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物能够形成交叉支撑。
所述支撑物的顶部经机械加工为平面状或圆弧状,并且所述平面状的顶部都设置在一个平面内。
其中,所述上玻璃和/或下玻璃为透明和/或无色玻璃。
其中,所述上玻璃和/或下玻璃为不透明和/或彩色玻璃。
所述凸面真空玻璃的上、下玻璃的凸面弓高优选为0.1-200mm,进一步优选为1-20mm,用作门窗玻璃时以不突出于门窗框之外为宜。
所述上、下玻璃可以具有相同的弓高,也可以根据门窗框内外宽度的不同有不同的弓高。
所述密封材料至少涂布在上、下玻璃的一块或两块的封接面周边以及所述中间玻璃的封接面周边。
所述密封材料直接或经过中间层(如金属浆料层)与上、下玻璃以及中间玻璃相接触,或者与封边条框相接触,或者与封边沟槽相接触;金属焊料也可以通过钢化炉烧结或高温炉烧结的过渡层(如银浆层)等进行封接。
所述真空层中,当上、下玻璃为凸面玻璃时,若其平面尺寸较小或者凸面弓高较大、能够依靠玻璃自身的凸面形状和强度抵抗大气压时,可以不设支撑物;当上、下玻璃不能够依靠自身的凸面形状和强度抵抗大气压时,应设置少量必要的支撑物,支撑物与玻璃一起共同抵抗大气压;当上、下玻璃为平面玻璃时,真空层内必须设置支撑物。
当支撑物在玻璃钢化前印制时,优选低温玻璃粉制成,利用钢化炉的高温将其烧结固化、与玻璃形成一体;当支撑物在玻璃钢化后印制时,优选低温玻璃焊料或高聚物制成,利用真空封边炉的高温将其烧结或固化、与玻璃形成一体。
当支撑物在玻璃钢化前印制时,优选对钢化后的支撑物进行机械研磨处理,去除其顶部的尖端、并使其顶部在一个平面内,既消除钢化玻璃的变形影响,又增加支撑面积;磨平后的顶部边缘再进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响,防止支撑物或玻璃的破碎、并提高真空玻璃的抗冲击能力。
上下玻璃均有条状或线状支撑物时,上下支撑物交叉支撑,上下玻璃通过上下支撑物仍为点接触,而支撑物与玻璃之间为线接触,增大了接触面积,减小了玻璃在支撑处的张应力,不但可以减少支撑物的数量,从而进一步提高玻璃的透明度、隔热和隔音性能,而且更重要的是提高真空玻璃的抗冲击能力。
所述上、下玻璃的材料可以是普通玻璃、或是超白玻璃,或是钢化玻璃、或是半钢化玻璃,或是低辐射玻璃、或是夹丝玻璃、或是压延玻璃、或是热熔玻璃、或是彩釉玻璃,或是以上任两种或三种玻璃的组合,进一步优选为超白玻璃、钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃和低辐射玻璃及其两种或三种的组合。
所述上、下玻璃是低辐射钢化玻璃时,可以先镀膜、后钢化,也可以先钢化、后镀膜;为了解决钢化玻璃的平整性和膜的氧化变色问题,优选采用先钢化、后镀膜的方式,并优选采用连续式钢化炉;所用玻璃,优选采用超白玻,以防止钢化玻璃的自爆。
本发明提供了上述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其包括:
第一步,根据所需要制作的真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理;
第二步,当制作凸面真空玻璃时,将两块处理后的玻璃进行热弯处理,使其形成凸面;当制作平面真空玻璃时,在两块处理后的玻璃中的至少一块上制备支撑物,如果在两块玻璃上均制备支撑物,保证上、下玻璃合片后,上、下支撑物能够交叉支撑;当制作钢化真空玻璃时,则对两块玻璃分别进行钢化处理;
第三步,将第二步获得的下玻璃或两块玻璃的封接面周边均匀涂布两道或多道密封材料,密封材料上可均匀留有数个抽气孔、以提高抽气速率,并将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;根据密封材料、玻璃的性状和生产工艺的要求,所述玻璃在合片前或合片后可以进行预加热或预排气处理;
第四步,对所述真空封边炉边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温到至少一种密封材料的软化温度以上,在重力或外加压力下至少使一种密封材料对真空层进行密封;继续升温,达到第二种或第三种密封材料的封边温度,保温一定时间后,停止加热、随炉降温,密封材料将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开真空封边炉的炉门得到真空玻璃。
所述两个真空层的真空玻璃,其一步法形成步骤如下:
所述上玻璃、下玻璃和/或中间平板玻璃经过前期处理后,将上玻璃、下玻璃和中间平板玻璃封接面的周边均匀涂布密封材料,密封材料上可均匀留有数个纵贯密封材料带的凹槽或狭缝作为抽气孔,并将三块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;对真空封边炉抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至其中一种密封材料的软化温度以上,在重力或外加压力下至少使其中一种密封材料对真空层进行密封;继续升温,达到第二种或第三种密封材料的封边温度,保温一定时间后,停止加热、随炉降温,密封材料将三块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到真空玻璃。
其中,所述第四步进一步包括当完成第一种密封材料的密封之后,解除真空,在空气中加热达到第二种或第三种密封材料的封边温度,保温一定时间后,停止加热、随炉降温,密封材料将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开真空封边炉的炉门得到真空玻璃。
其中,所述第二步中的制备支撑物中的所述支撑物采用低温玻璃或高聚物制成;当支撑物印制在其中一块玻璃上时为点状或圆柱状,当支撑物印制在上下两块玻璃上时为条状或线状。
其中,所述第二步中的制备支撑物在玻璃钢化前或钢化后制备,当支撑物在玻璃钢化前印制时,优选对钢化后的支撑物进行机械研磨处理,去除其顶部的尖端、并使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘再进行倒圆角处理。
其中,所述第一步还包括在至少在上玻璃或下玻璃上开设一至数个封边沟槽,再进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理。
其中,所述第二步还包括在上玻璃或/和下玻璃封接面的周边制作上设置一至数个封边条框,当制作凸面真空玻璃时,将两块处理后的玻璃进行热弯处理,使其形成凸面;当制作平面真空玻璃时,在两块处理后的玻璃中的至少一块上制备支撑物,如果在两块玻璃上均制备支撑物,保证上、下玻璃合片后,上、下支撑物能够交叉支撑;当制作钢化真空玻璃时,则对两块玻璃分别进行钢化处理。
其中,所述方法的第三步进一步包括:将第二步获得的下玻璃或两块玻璃的封接面周边涂布两道或多道密封材料,若上玻璃或/和下玻璃上有封边条框或封边沟槽时,密封材料与封边条框或封边沟槽相对应;密封材料上均匀留有数个抽 气孔,并将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中,真空封边炉为连续式真空炉或间歇式真空炉;根据密封材料、玻璃的性状和生产工艺的要求,所述玻璃在合片前或合片后可以进行预处理。
为了降低建造成本、节能降耗,真空封边炉可以具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统,基础加热系统可采用电阻加热的方式如电热丝、电热管、电热板等,将真空封边炉内部及玻璃加热至一基础温度;再利用电阻加热、红外线加热、激光加热、电磁加热、微波加热等方式对玻璃的周边即封边位置进行局部加热,达到在短时间内将密封材料加热至熔融的目的。
所述基础加热温度的范围优选为150-300℃,局部加热温度的范围优选为280-450℃。
为了缩短抽真空的时间、提高生产效率,可以在上、下玻璃合片前进行紫外线清洗、等离子清洗等,以清除吸附在玻璃表面上的气体分子、水分子等。
为了缩短加热时间、提高生产效率,可以在上、下玻璃合片前或合片后进行预加热处理,以提高玻璃加热的均匀性。
为了缩短加热时间、提高玻璃加热的均匀性,可以在第一和/或三道密封发挥作用后,解除真空,在空气中进行加热。
为了缩短抽真空时间、提高真空层的真空度,真空层内可以放入活泼金属,如铝、镁等。
为了提高和保持真空层的真空度、延长真空玻璃的使用寿命,真空层内可以放入吸气剂,吸气剂为蒸散型的或为非蒸散型的。
真空封边炉为间歇式真空加热炉或连续式真空加热炉,优选采用连续式真空加热炉。
上、下玻璃的合片可以在真空封边炉的炉外进行,也可以在炉内进行;当真空封边炉为连续式真空加热炉时,优选采用炉内合片。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明:
实施例1:参见图1,一种复合密封的真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、 干燥;其次在上玻璃1或下玻璃2上用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布一道低温玻璃焊料和两道有机硅胶粘剂,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为有机硅胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料位于两道有机硅胶粘剂之间,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至300℃以上、玻璃经高温充分排气后,在重力或外加压力下使有机硅胶粘剂密封住真空层及低温玻璃焊料,防止玻璃焊料在真空下放气、起泡或碳化;继续升温至玻璃焊料的软化温度350℃以上,玻璃焊料软化,停止加热、随炉降温,有机硅和玻璃焊料将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明的创新之处在于:点状的支撑物在干燥和烧结过程中,体积会发生收缩和变化,不但高度不一致而且顶部形成尖端,容易形成应力集中,降低钢化玻璃的抗冲击性能,通过机械研磨不但使其顶部处于一个平面内而且与玻璃有更大的接触面积,从而提高钢化玻璃的抗冲击强度。
通过有机硅对玻璃焊料的密封,消除了真空对玻璃焊料的影响。
软化的玻璃焊料具有很好的气密性,解决了有机硅气密性差的问题。
实施例2:参见图2,一种两道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块为低辐射玻璃;真空玻璃由上玻璃1和下玻璃2组成,上玻璃1和下玻璃2之间形成一个封闭的真空层,第一道密封材料3为密封聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为金属焊料,两块玻璃的周边通过第一道密封聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和第二道密封金属焊料焊接在一起,中间为真空层。其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在两块玻璃的金属焊料的焊接面上涂覆银浆,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所涂覆的银浆也烧结在玻璃上;再次在两块玻 璃上分别用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和涂胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为线条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物6交叉在一起;然后将两块玻璃或一块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和锡合金焊膏,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻璃之间放入吸气剂合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至聚酰亚胺的胶化温度250℃以上,吸气剂在高温和高真空下被活化,在重力或外加压力下使固化后软化的聚酰亚胺密封住真空层;继续升温至锡合金的熔融温度280℃以上,锡合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,锡合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明实施例的创新之处在于:采用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂制成的线状韧性支撑物,不但提高了真空玻璃的抗冲击强度,而且在玻璃破碎时能够连接玻璃的碎片,防止玻璃脱落,进一步提高了玻璃的安全性。
本实施例中,也可以两块玻璃的周边通过第一道密封3金属焊料和第二道密封4低温玻璃焊料焊接在一起,
实施例3:参见图3,一种三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在两块玻璃上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为长条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物交叉在一起,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后在一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道低温玻璃焊料和一道镁合金粉,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为玻璃焊料,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,镁合金粉位于两道玻璃焊料之间,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至低温玻璃的软化温度280℃以上、低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的低温玻璃密封住镁合金, 防止镁合金的大量挥发;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度320℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,镁合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明该实施例的的创新之处在于采用三道密封,在金属焊料熔化之前、挥发量较小时利用软化的玻璃焊料将其密封在一个固定的空间内,防止金属焊料大量挥发,即避免了玻璃、真空炉和真空泵被污染,又减小了金属焊料的损失。
上下玻璃均有条状支撑物,支撑物垂直叠放支撑,上下玻璃通过支撑物仍为点接触,而支撑物与玻璃之间为线接触,增大了接触面积,减小了玻璃在支撑处的张应力,所以可以减少支撑物的数量,从而进一步提高玻璃的透明度、隔热和隔音性能。
实施例4:参见图4,一种两道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理;再次利用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布一道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和一道低温玻璃焊料,第一道密封材料3为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,玻璃焊料焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至玻璃高温排气温度320℃以上、玻璃排气后,在重力或外加压力下使聚酰亚胺密封住真空层,支撑物6与上下玻璃紧密接触;解除真空、在空气中继续升温至低温玻璃的熔融温度420℃以上,低温玻璃熔化,支撑物6也固化在玻璃上;停止加热、随炉降温,低温玻璃和聚酰亚胺将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明该实施例的的创新之处在于:使用韧性很好的热塑性聚酰亚胺为支撑物,通过在高温、压力下的变形,使所有支撑物都与玻璃有很好的接触,减小了玻璃和支撑物所承受的应力,从而提高了真空玻璃的抗冲击能力。
通过聚酰亚胺密封后,在空气中加热使低温玻璃熔化,消除了真空对低温玻 璃的影响。
双重密封,使真空玻璃有更好的密封效果、更长的使用寿命。
实施例5:参见图5,一种三道密封的双真空层的真空玻璃,至少两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块超白玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在两块超白玻璃上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为点状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上,低辐射玻璃进行半钢化处理;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力;然后在两块玻璃或三块玻璃的周边用涂胶机均匀涂布两道低温玻璃焊料和一道镁合金粉,镁合金粉位于两道玻璃焊料之间,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为低温玻璃焊料,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将三块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至低温玻璃的软化温度280℃以上、低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的低温玻璃密封住镁合金,防止镁合金的大量挥发;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度320℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,镁合金将三块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本实施例中,也可以使用两道密封材料,即两块玻璃或三块玻璃的周边用涂胶机均匀涂布一道低温玻璃焊料4和一道镁合金粉3,镁合金粉3位于玻璃焊料4的内侧。
实施例6:参见图6,一种两道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在下玻璃2上用钢化玻璃油墨和涂胶机制备两条封边条框7,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理,封边条框7也与下玻璃2烧结成一体;再次利用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,将下玻璃 2的内侧封边条框7上用涂布机均匀涂布一道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂、在两条封边条框装入低温玻璃焊料,第一道密封材料3为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至玻璃高温排气温度以及低温玻璃的软化温度320℃以上、玻璃排气后,在重力或外加压力下使聚酰亚胺密封住真空层,支撑物6与上下玻璃紧密接触;解除真空、在空气中继续升温至低温玻璃的熔融温度420℃以上,低温玻璃熔化,支撑物6也固化在玻璃上;停止加热、随炉降温,低温玻璃和聚酰亚胺将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例7:参见图7,一种带有封边条框的三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在上玻璃1上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备封边条框7和支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7和支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道低温玻璃焊料和一道锌合金丝,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为低温玻璃焊料,第二道密封材料4为锌合金丝,锌合金丝位于两道低温玻璃焊料之间并与封边条框7相对应,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃之间放入活泼金属镁或铝合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至低温玻璃的软化温度320℃以上、低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的低温玻璃密封住锌合金,防止锌合金的大量挥发;继续升温至锌合金的熔融温度380℃以上,锌合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,锌合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例8:参见图8,一种上下玻璃均有封边条框的三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在上玻璃1和下玻璃2上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和涂胶机制备一个和两个封边条框7、上玻璃1的封边条框7对应于下玻璃2的两个封边条框7之间,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7也烧结在玻璃上;再次在两块玻璃上分别用低温玻璃焊料和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为长条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物交叉在一起;然后将下玻璃2的两个封边条框7上用涂胶机均匀涂布聚酰亚胺胶粘剂并在其之间放入锡合金条,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为锡合金条,聚酰亚胺胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至聚酰亚胺胶粘剂的固化温度250℃以上、聚酰亚胺胶粘剂固化;再升温至聚酰亚胺和低温玻璃焊料的软化温度320℃以上、聚酰亚胺和低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的聚酰亚胺密封住锡合金、低温玻璃制成的上下支撑物交叉连接在一起;继续升温至锡合金的熔融温度350℃以上,锡合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,聚酰亚胺和锡合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明该实施例的创新之处在于:采用上下封边条框和上下支撑物,不但密封效果好、支撑应力小,而且真空层高度高、空间大,高度高有利于降低支撑物的传导性能,从而提高真空玻璃的隔热和隔音性能;空间大,对于真空度有更大的缓冲能力,也能使吸气剂的放入更方便、更多量,从而提高真空玻璃的使用寿命。
实施例9:参见图9,一种具有一个封边沟槽、三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在其中一块玻璃上开设一个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理; 其次将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理,然后在两块玻璃上分别用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和涂胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为线条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物6交叉在一起;再次将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道低温玻璃焊料和一道镁合金粉,镁合金粉位于两道玻璃焊料之间并与封边沟槽8相对应,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为低温玻璃焊料,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至低温玻璃的软化温度280℃以上、低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的低温玻璃密封住镁合金,防止镁合金的大量挥发;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度320℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,镁合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明实施例的创新之处在于:采用封边沟槽不但使平面密封变为曲面密封,而且可以灵活控制真空层的厚度;采用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂制成的线状韧性支撑物,不但提高了真空玻璃的抗冲击强度,而且在玻璃破碎时能够连接玻璃的碎片,防止玻璃脱落,进一步提高了玻璃的安全性。
实施例10:参见图10,一种两个封边沟槽、两道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在两块玻璃上各开设一个上下对应的封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在两块玻璃上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为长条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物交叉在一起,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后在一块玻璃或两块玻璃的封边沟槽8的内侧用涂布机均匀涂布一道有机硅胶粘剂、封边沟槽8内装入低温玻璃焊料,第一道密封材料3为有机硅胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃之间放入活泼金属或吸气剂、合片后送入真空封边炉中; 所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至高温排气温度300℃以上、保温后,在重力或外加压力下使有机硅密封住真空层;解除真空,在空气中继续升温至玻璃焊料的熔融温度420℃以上,玻璃焊料熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,玻璃焊料和有机硅将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例11:参见图11,一种具有两个封边沟槽、三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在上玻璃1上开设两个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理;再次利用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,然后在一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和一道镁合金粉,两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂分别对应于两个封边沟槽8,镁合金粉位于两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂之间,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃之间放入活泼金属或吸气剂、合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至高温排气温度300℃以上、保温后,在重力或外加压力下使聚酰亚胺密封住镁合金,防止镁合金的大量挥发;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度350℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,镁合金和聚酰亚胺将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明实施例的创新之处在于:采用封边沟槽不但使平面密封变为曲面密封,而且可以灵活控制真空层的厚度;采用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂制成的韧性支撑物,不但制作方便、隔热性能好,而且提高了真空玻璃的抗冲击强度。
实施例12:参见图12,一种带有封边条框和封边沟槽的三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐 射玻璃,并在下玻璃2上开设一个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在上块玻璃1上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和涂胶机制备封边条框7,封边条框7与封边沟槽8相对应,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7也烧结在上玻璃1上;再次利用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道有机硅胶粘剂和一道锡合金粉,锡合金粉4位于两道有机硅胶粘剂之间的封边沟槽8内,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为有机硅胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为锡合金粉,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃之间放入活泼金属或吸气剂、合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和密封材料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至高温排气温度300℃以上、保温后,在重力或外加压力下使有机硅密封住锡合金,防止锡合金的大量挥发,支撑物6与上下玻璃紧密接触;继续升温至锡合金的熔融温度350℃以上,锡合金熔化,支撑物6也固化在玻璃上;停止加热、随炉降温,锡合金和有机硅将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例13:参见图13,一种具有两个封边条框和两个封边沟槽的三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在上玻璃1上开设两个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在下块玻璃2上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和涂胶机制备两个封边条框7、封边条框7与封边沟槽8相对应,在其中一块玻璃上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为点状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7和支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后在两个封边条框7上用涂胶机均匀涂布两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,在两个封边条框7之间装入镁合金粉,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,密封材料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前 或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和密封材料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至高温排气温度280℃以上、保温后,在重力或外加压力下使聚酰亚胺密封住镁合金,防止镁合金的大量挥发;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度320℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,镁合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例14:参见图14,一种上下玻璃均有封边条框的两道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在下玻璃2上开设一个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在上玻璃1和下玻璃2上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和涂胶机制备一个和两个封边条框7、上玻璃1的封边条框7对应于下玻璃2的两个封边条框7之间并与封边沟槽8相对应,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7也烧结在玻璃上;再次在两块玻璃上分别用低温玻璃膏和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为长条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物交叉在一起;然后将下玻璃2的内侧封边条框7上用涂胶机均匀涂布聚酰亚胺胶粘剂并在两个之间封边条框7放入低温玻璃焊料,第一道密封材料3为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,聚酰亚胺胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至高温排气温度320℃以上、聚酰亚胺和低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的聚酰亚胺密封住真空层、低温玻璃制成的上下支撑物交叉连接在一起;解除真空,在空气中继续升温至玻璃焊料的熔融温度420℃以上,玻璃焊料熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,玻璃焊料和聚酰亚胺将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明实施例的创新之处在于:采用上下封边条框和上下支撑物,不但密封效果好、支撑应力小,而且真空层高度高、空间大,高度高有利于降低支撑物的传导性能,从而提高真空玻璃的隔热和隔音性能;空间大,对于真空度有更大的缓冲能力,也能使吸气剂的放入更方便、更多量,从而提高真空玻璃的使用寿命。
实施例15:参见图15,一种胶粘剂密封的凸面真空玻璃,真空玻璃由上凸面玻璃1和下凸面玻璃2组成,两块玻璃的周边通过两道密封胶粘剂3封接在一起,中间为真空层。其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次将两块玻璃装入模具、放在热弯炉中,升温至玻璃软化的温度550-750℃,依靠玻璃自身的重力使玻璃向下形成凸面,并随炉降至室温;再次将两块玻璃或一块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道有机硅胶粘,两道有机硅胶粘剂之间均匀放入金属镁粉,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为有机硅胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为金属镁粉,胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预加热或预排气处理,以排除焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至粘接剂的粘接温度220℃以上,在重力或外加压力下使软化的低温玻璃密封住真空层;继续升温至镁粉的大量挥发温度300℃以上,在真空下蒸发镀膜,停止加热、随炉降温,胶粘剂及金属膜层将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例16:参见图16,一种三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块为低辐射玻璃;真空玻璃由上玻璃1和下玻璃2组成,两块玻璃的周边通过两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂3和一道金属密封4焊接在一起,中间为真空层。其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次,在上玻璃1上用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、在两块玻璃的金属的焊接面上涂覆银浆,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6和涂覆的银浆也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后将两块玻璃或一块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和锡合金焊膏,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为锡合金焊膏,胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻璃之间放入吸气剂合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和胶粘 剂中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至聚酰亚胺的固化温度250℃以上,吸气剂在高温和高真空下被活化,在重力或外加压力下使固化后软化的聚酰亚胺密封住真空层;继续升温至锡合金的熔融温度280℃以上,锡合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,胶粘剂及锡合金将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例17:参见图3,一种三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在两块玻璃上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为长条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物交叉在一起,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后在一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道聚芳醚酮胶粘剂和一道低温玻璃焊料,玻璃焊料位于两道聚芳醚酮胶粘剂3之间,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为聚芳醚酮胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为玻璃焊料,胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和胶粘剂中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至聚芳醚酮的熔融温度以及低温玻璃的软化温度340℃以上,在重力或外加压力下使熔融的聚芳醚酮和软化的低温玻璃密封住真空层,停止加热、随炉降温,聚芳醚酮和低温玻璃将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例18:参见图17,一种带有封边条框的三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在上玻璃1上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备封边条框7和支撑物6、支撑物8为圆柱状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7和支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将一块 玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和一道锌合金丝,锌合金丝位于两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂之间并与封边条框7相对应,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为锌合金丝,胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和胶粘剂中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至聚酰亚胺的胶化温度及软化温度350℃以上、聚酰亚胺软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的、聚酰亚胺密封住锌合金,防止锌合金的大量挥发;继续升温至锌合金的熔融温度380℃以上,锌合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,锌合金将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明实施例的创新之处在于:封边条框的引入使两块玻璃之间的密封由平面密封变为曲面密封,从而提高了真空玻璃密封的气密性、牢固性和可靠性。
实施例19:参见图18,一种具有一个封边沟槽、三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在其中一块玻璃上开设一个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理;其次将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理,然后在两块玻璃上分别用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和涂胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为线条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物6交叉在一起;再次将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道有机硅胶粘剂和一道镁合金粉,镁合金粉位于两道胶粘剂之间并与封边沟槽8相对应,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为有机硅胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和胶粘剂中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至有机硅树脂的胶化温度280℃以上,在重力或外加压力下使有机硅密封住镁合金,防止镁合金的大量挥发流失;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度320℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,有机硅和镁合金将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
本发明实施例的创新之处在于:采用封边沟槽不但使平面密封变为曲面密封,而且可以灵活控制真空层的厚度;采用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂制成的线状韧性支撑物,不但提高了真空玻璃的抗冲击强度,而且在玻璃破碎时能够连接玻璃的碎片,防止玻璃脱落,进一步提高了玻璃的安全性。
实施例20:参见图19,一种具有两个封边沟槽、三道密封的平面真空玻璃,与实施例19的区别在于:与上玻璃1的封边沟槽8相对应、下玻璃2上也有封边沟槽8,进一步强化了密封效果。
实施例21:参见图11,一种具有两个封边沟槽、三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在上玻璃1上开设两个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在其中一块玻璃上用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为点状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后在一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道耐高温的环氧树脂系胶结剂和一道镁合金粉,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为环氧树脂系胶结剂,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,两道环氧树脂分别对应于两个封边沟槽8,镁合金粉位于两道玻璃焊料之间,其余与实施例19相同。
实施例22:参见图12,一种带有封边条框和封边沟槽的三道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并在下玻璃2上开设一个封边沟槽8,然后进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在上块玻璃1上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和涂胶机制备封边条框7,封边条框7与封边沟槽8相对应,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7也烧结在上玻璃1上;再次利用聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布两道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和一道低温玻璃焊料,低温玻璃焊料位于两道聚酰亚胺胶粘 剂之间的封边沟槽8内,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和胶粘剂中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至聚酰亚胺胶粘剂3的胶化温度300℃以上,在重力或外加压力下使聚酰亚胺密封住低温玻璃焊料5,防止低温玻璃焊料5在真空下放气、发泡或碳化,支撑物6与上下玻璃紧密接触;继续升温至低温玻璃焊料5的熔融温度380℃以上,低温玻璃焊料5熔化,支撑物6也固化在玻璃上;停止加热、随炉降温,聚酰亚胺和低温玻璃将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例23:参见图5,一种三道密封的双真空层的真空玻璃,至少两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块超白玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在两块超白玻璃上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为点状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上,低辐射玻璃进行半钢化处理;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力;然后在两块玻璃或三块玻璃的周边用涂胶机均匀涂布两道有机硅胶粘剂和一道镁合金粉,镁合金粉位于两道有机硅胶粘剂之间,第一道密封材料3和第三道密封材料5为有机硅胶粘剂,第二道密封材料4为镁合金粉,胶粘剂上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将三块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和胶粘剂中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至有机硅胶粘剂3的胶化温度280℃以上,在重力或外加压力下使有机硅胶密封住镁合金,防止镁合金的大量挥发流失;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度320℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,有机硅和镁合金将三块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例24:参见图20,一种两道密封的平面真空玻璃,两块玻璃为钢化玻 璃,其中一块为低辐射玻璃;真空玻璃由上玻璃1和下玻璃2组成,两块玻璃的周边通过第一道密封3聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和第二道密封4金属焊料焊接在一起,中间为真空层。其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次,在上玻璃1上用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、在两块玻璃的金属焊料的焊接面上涂覆银浆,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6和涂覆的银浆也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后将两块玻璃或一块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布聚酰亚胺胶粘剂和锡合金焊膏,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻璃之间放入吸气剂合片后送入真空封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除玻璃表面吸附的气体和焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至聚酰亚胺的固化温度250℃以上,吸气剂在高温和高真空下被活化,在重力或外加压力下使固化后软化的聚酰亚胺密封住真空层;继续升温至锡合金的熔融温度280℃以上,锡合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,锡合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
实施例25:参见图21,一种两道密封的平面真空玻璃绝热板,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃绝热板的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在两块玻璃上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为长条状,两块玻璃合片后上下支撑物交叉在一起,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将烧结后的支撑物6进行机械研磨,使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘进行倒圆角处理、以进一步消除应力的影响;然后在一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布一道镁合金粉和一道低温玻璃焊料,第一道密封材料3为镁合金粉,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入封边炉中;所述玻璃在合片前或合片后可以进行预处理,以排除焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升 温至低温玻璃的软化温度280℃以上、低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的低温玻璃密封住真空层;继续升温至镁合金的熔融温度320℃以上,镁合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,镁合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起;与之同时,镁在高温和真空作用下大量挥发并与氧气和氮气等反应,既提高了真空度又对真空层进行镀膜,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃绝热板。
实施例26:参见图22,一种带有封边条框的两道密封的平面真空玻璃绝热板,两块玻璃为钢化玻璃,其中一块还是低辐射玻璃,其制作方法如下:首先根据所制作真空玻璃绝热板的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥;其次在上玻璃1和下玻璃2上分别用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备封边条框7,在上玻璃1利用钢化玻璃油墨和点胶机制备支撑物6、支撑物6为圆柱状,然后将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉中进行钢化处理、所制备的封边条框7和支撑物6也烧结在玻璃上;再次将一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边用涂布机均匀涂布一道锌合金丝和一道低温玻璃焊料,第一道密封材料3为锌合金丝,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,锌合金丝位于低温玻璃焊料与下玻璃2上的封边条框7之间、并与上玻璃1的封边条框7相对应,焊料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,将两块玻璃合片后送入封边炉中;所述玻璃可以在合片前或合片后进行预处理,以排除焊料中所含的挥发物质;最后边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温至低温玻璃的软化温度350℃以上、低温玻璃软化后,在重力或外加压力下使软化的低温玻璃密封住锌合金,防止锌合金的大量挥发流失;继续升温至锌合金的熔融温度380℃以上,锌合金熔化,停止加热、随炉降温,锌合金将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起;与之同时,锌在高温和真空作用下大量挥发并与氧气和氮气等反应,既提高了真空度又对真空层进行镀膜,打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃绝热板。
实施例27:参见图23,同实施例19,与实施例19不同之处在于,一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边使用两道密封,第一道密封材料3为镁合金粉,第二道密封材料4为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,先均匀涂布一道镁合金粉和一道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,镁合金粉位于封边沟槽8内。
实施例28:参见图24,同实施例20,与实施例20不同之处在于,一块玻璃 或两块玻璃的周边使用两道密封,第一道密封材料3为镁合金粉,第二道密封材料4为聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,先布机均匀涂布一道镁合金粉和一道聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,镁合金粉位于封边沟槽8内。
实施例29:参见图25,同实施例12,与实施例12不同之处在于,一块玻璃或两块玻璃的周边使用两道密封,第一道密封材料3为镁合金粉,第二道密封材料4为低温玻璃焊料,用涂布机均匀涂布一道锌合金粉3和一道低温玻璃焊料4,锌合金粉3位于封边沟槽8内。
本发明实施例所述的真空玻璃可以是透明的、无色的玻璃制成,可用作常规的窗户玻璃;也可以是不透明的或是彩色的玻璃制成的绝热板,用于制造隔热的墙板。真空玻璃与真空玻璃绝热板均属于广义上的真空玻璃,其结构与制造方法均可使用本发明的真空玻璃的结构和方法实现。本发明实施例所述的真空玻璃可用于常规的窗玻璃,也可以用于制造隔热的墙板的真空玻璃绝热板等。
所有上述的首要实施这一知识产权,并没有设定限制其他形式的实施这种新产品和/或新方法。本领域技术人员将利用这一重要信息,上述内容修改,以实现类似的执行情况。但是,所有修改或改造基于本发明新产品属于保留的权利。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种真空玻璃,其特征在于包括上玻璃、下玻璃,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃的周边通过两道或多道密封材料封接在一起,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃之间形成一个封闭的真空层,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃是凸面玻璃或平面玻璃,所述凸面玻璃的凸面朝向外侧,所述平面玻璃之间有支撑物。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述密封材料是玻璃焊料、金属焊料和胶粘剂中的任意两种或三种不同类的密封材料,或是两种或三种相同类的密封材料。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃的周边还设置有至少一条封闭沟槽。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃中至少有一块玻璃的周边含有至少一个封边条框,所述封边条框与所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃形成一体。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃的封接通过所述封边条框和密封材料来实现,所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃上的所述封边条框互相嵌合在一起。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述上玻璃和/或所述下玻璃中至少有一块玻璃的周边含有至少一个封边条框,至少有一块玻璃的周边含有至少一个封边沟槽。
  7. 权利要求6所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述上下玻璃的封接通过所述封边条框与所述封边沟槽的嵌合来实现。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述密封材料或涂覆在封边沟槽的一侧或两侧、或涂覆在封边沟槽的对应处、或放置在封边沟槽内。
  9. 如权利要求4或5所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述密封材料或涂覆在封边条框上、或涂覆在相邻封边条框之间、或涂覆在封边条框的对应处。
  10. 如权利要求6或7所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述密封材料或涂覆在封边条框上、或涂覆在相邻封边条框之间、或涂覆在封边条框的对应处;所 述密封材料或涂覆在封边沟槽的一侧或两侧、或涂覆在封边沟槽的对应处、或放置在封边沟槽内。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述支撑物印制在一块玻璃上,所述支撑物为点状或圆柱状。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的真空玻璃,其特征在于所述支撑物印制在上下两块玻璃上,所述支撑物为条状或线状。
  13. 如权利要求1至12任一项所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下制备步骤:
    第一步,根据所需要制作的真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃,并进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理;
    第二步,当制作凸面真空玻璃时,将两块处理后的玻璃进行热弯处理,使其形成凸面;当制作平面真空玻璃时,在两块处理后的玻璃中的至少一块上制备支撑物,如果在两块玻璃上均制备支撑物,保证上、下玻璃合片后,上、下支撑物能够交叉支撑;当制作钢化真空玻璃时,则对两块玻璃分别进行钢化处理;
    第三步,将第二步获得的下玻璃或两块玻璃的封接面周边均匀涂布两道或多道密封材料,密封材料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中;根据密封材料、玻璃的性状和生产工艺的要求,所述玻璃在合片前或合片后可以进行预加热或预排气处理;
    第四步,对所述真空封边炉边抽真空、边加热,抽真空至0.1Pa以下、升温到至少一种密封材料的软化温度以上,在重力或外加压力下至少使一种密封材料对真空层进行密封;在真空或空气中继续升温,达到第二种或第三种密封材料的封边温度,保温一定时间后,停止加热、随炉降温,密封材料将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开真空封边炉的炉门得到真空玻璃。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于第三步所述密封材料是玻璃焊料、金属焊料和胶粘剂中的任意两种或三种不同类的密封材料,或是两种或三种相同类的密封材料。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于所述第四步进一 步包括当完成第一种密封材料的密封之后,解除真空,在空气中达到第二种或第三种密封材料的封边温度,保温一定时间后,停止加热、随炉降温,密封材料将两块玻璃气密性地封接在一起,打开封边炉的炉门得到真空玻璃。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于所述第二步中的所述支撑物采用低温玻璃或高聚物制成;当支撑物印制在其中一块玻璃上时为点状或圆柱状,当支撑物印制在上下两块玻璃上时为条状或线状。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于所述第二步中的所述支撑物在玻璃钢化前或钢化后制备,当支撑物在玻璃钢化前印制时,优选对钢化后的支撑物进行机械研磨处理,去除其顶部的尖端、并使其顶部在一个平面内,磨平后的顶部边缘再进行倒圆角处理。
  18. 如权利要求13所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于所述第一步还包括在至少在上玻璃或下玻璃上开设一至数个封边沟槽,再进行磨边、倒角,清洗、干燥处理。
  19. 如权利要求13所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于所述第二步还包括在上玻璃或/和下玻璃封接面的周边制作一至数个封边条框;当制作凸面真空玻璃时,将两块处理后的玻璃进行热弯处理,使其形成凸面;当制作平面真空玻璃时,在两块处理后的玻璃中的至少一块上制备支撑物,如果在两块玻璃上均制备支撑物,保证上、下玻璃合片后,上、下支撑物能够交叉支撑;当制作钢化真空玻璃时,则对两块玻璃分别进行钢化处理。
  20. 如权利要求13所述的真空玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于所述第三步进一步包括将第二步获得的下玻璃或两块玻璃的封接面周边涂布两道或多道密封材料,其中第二道密封为金属密封;若上玻璃或/和下玻璃上有封边条框或封边沟槽时,所述密封材料或涂覆在封边条框上、或涂覆在相邻封边条框之间、或涂覆在封边条框的对应处;所述密封材料或涂覆在封边沟槽的一侧或两侧、或涂覆在封边沟槽的对应处、或放置在封边沟槽内;所述密封材料上均匀留有数个抽气孔,并将两块玻璃合片后送入真空封边炉中,真空封边炉为连续式真空炉或间歇式真空炉;根据密封材料、玻璃的性状和生产工艺的要求,所述玻璃在合片前或合片后进行预处理。
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