Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
  • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
  • A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
  • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
  • A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
  • A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of growing a medicinal mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerus.
• the method includes the use of sawdust as substrate and a mixture of soils as casing soil.
• Lignosus rhinocerus commonly known as the tiger milk mushroom, is a medicinal mushroom belongs to the family Polyporaceae. It is a well-known traditional medicinal mushroom in Southeast Asia and southern China.
• the sclerotium of L. rhinocerus is the only part that is medicinally useful. It is used by the Malaysian natives to treat diseases such as breast cancer, fever, cough, asthma, food poisoning and use as a general tonic. In China, the sclerotium of L. rhinocerus is regarded as an expensive folk medicine to treat chronic hepatitis, gastric ulcer and liver cancer.
• Mushroom cultivation generally includes 4 main steps: spawn preparation, substrate preparation, inoculation of mushroom spawn into substrate and fruiting body induction.
• substrate are used in mushroom cultivation, for example paddy straw, cotton waste, coffee waste, tree sawdust, sugar cane bagasse, wild grasses and other lignocellulosic industrial waste.
• the present invention aims to provide a method to cultivate and produce L. rhinocerus tuber in high yield.
• L. rhinocerus is cultivated using substrate comprising sawdust mixed with gypsum and rice bran.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a casing soil composition to cultivate L. rhinocerus.
• the casing soil is a mixture of different types of soil used to bury spawned substrates.
• Further object of the present invention is to provide a viable method to produce L. rhinocerus in a commercial scale to overcome the limited supply problem. On the whole, the method can be employed in commercial mushroom house used to cultivate tuber of L. rhinocerus. .
• one of the embodiments of the present invention includes a method for growing L. rhinocerus comprising the steps of inoculating a sterilised substrate comprising 80% to 90% of sawdust, 1.0% to 1.5% of gypsum and 10% to 10.5% of rice bran in a container with mushroom spawn, incubating the inoculated substrate in dark at a temperature between 25°C to 32°C for 3 to 4 weeks to generate mycelium, burying the substrate after incubation in a casing soil comprising top soil and loam soil in a ratio of 1 to 1 with 1% to 3% of lime stone, based on the weight of casing soil, and incubating the buried substrate at a temperature between 28°C and Further, the mushroom spawn used to inoculate the substrate is liquid spawn or solid spawn.
• the substrate container is made of plastic material.
• the substrate container is cut open before burying it in casing soil.
• the spawned substrate is buried 2cm to 6.5cm under the casing soil.
• the casing soil is maintained at a moisture content of 50% to 70%.
• the present invention discloses a method of growing Lignosus rhinocerus comprising the steps of inoculating a sterilised substrate, which comprises 80% to 90% of sawdust, 1.0% to 1.5% of gypsum and 10% to 10.5% of rice bran, in a container with mushroom spawn; incubating the inoculated substrate in dark at a temperature between 25°C to 32°C for 3 to 4 weeks to generate mycelium; burying the substrate after incubation in a casing soil, which comprises top soil and loam soil in a ratio of 1 to 1 with 1% to 3% of lime stone, based on the weight of casing soil; and incubating the buried substrate at a temperature between 28°C and 32°C.
• the mushroom spawn is liquid spawn or solid spawn.
• Mushroom spawn refers to a carrier that is already colonized by mycelium. Solid spawn usually uses cereal grain as the carrier and it is commonly used in mushroom cultivation. However, grain spawn has a shorter shelf life of two to four months as compared to liquid spawn, which can be stored at room temperature for about 12 months. In addition, liquid spawn allows better control of amount and distribution of spawn in new substrate.
• Pure culture of L. rhinocerus may be obtained from sclerotia, tissue culture or spores.
• Pure L. rhinocerus culture can be prepared by inoculating L. rhinocerus mycelium onto a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubate for 7 days or more at a temperature between 28°C and 32°C until mycelium is visible.
• Mycelium culture may be maintained by continuous sub-culturing for further inoculation.
• liquid spawn is prepared by inoculating a mycelium culture into a sterilized liquid medium containing glucose, peptone, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (MgS0 4 .7H 2 0), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HP0 4 ), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 P0 4 ) and yeast extract followed by incubation at a temperature between 28°C and 32°C for 14 days. Orbital agitation may be applied to improve mycelial growth.
• MgS0 4 .7H 2 0 magnesium sulphate heptahydrate
• K 2 HP0 4 dipotassium hydrogen phosphate
• KH 2 P0 4 potassium dihydrogen phosphate
• yeast extract yeast extract
• substrates containing sawdust, rice bran and gypsum are sterilised at a temperature of 115°C to 121°C for 15 to 20 minutes before inoculation.
• Sterilization ensures the desired culture, L. rhinocerus, can thrive in the substrate by preventing the growth of competitor microorganisms that exist in the substrate.
• Microorganisms present in unsterilized substrate may excrete substances that can inhibit the growth of L. rhinocerus or colonize the substrate before L. rhinocerus could.
• Sawdust has high content of cellulose and lignin components and is generally low in protein.
• the sawdust is from rubberwood.
• the substrate used in this invention contains 10% to 10.5% of rice bran, which is rich in protein and will serve as a nitrogen source to support L. rhinocerus growth.
• the substrate includes 1.0% to 1.5% of gypsum to maintain pH of the substrate.
• the substrate comprises 89% of sawdust, 10% of rice bran and 1% of gypsum by weight of total substrate.
• substrates are kept in a container.
• the container is made of plastic material such as polypropylene.
• the plastic material has to be heat-resistant to withstand the heat during sterilization process.
• the substrate is packed in a polypropylene bag and closed tightly with a plastic neck and cap.
• the substrate is inoculated with mushroom spawn and incubated at a temperature between 25°C and 32°C in dark for 3 to 4 weeks to generate mycelium.
• White mycelium with brownish patch can be noticed on the substrate surface after incubation.
• the container of spawned substrate is cut open before burying it in casing soil. The cutting can be done by making slits in the container through which the mushrooms can grow, removing the top part of the container to expose the surface of the substrate or removing the whole container.
• the container is completely removed and spawned substrate is buried in casing soil. Spawned substrate is required to be in contact with casing soil in order to stimulate tuber growth.
• the substrate is buried in a casing soil after incubation to induce formation of tuber and supply moisture to the substrate.
• the substrate is buried 2cm to 6.5cm under the casing soil.
• the substrate is buried 2cm under the casing soil.
• Casing soil assists in maintaining a desirable moisture level for mushroom growth.
• the casing soil as discussed in the present invention contains top soil and loam soil in a ratio of 1 to 1 with 1% to 3% of lime stone, based on the weight of casing soil.
• the casing soil includes 1% of lime stone, based on the weight of casing soil.
• the casing soil with lime stone is mixed and packed into a container followed by burying the substrate 2cm under the soil.
• the container for casing soil has drainage holes for proper drainage and aeration.
• Topsoil is soil removed from the surface of the ground, which is usually the top 2 inches to 12 inches. It is rich in organic matter resulted from plant or organism decomposition. Loam soil contains sand, silt and clay in relatively equal amounts and has good water-holding capacity. It was found that sandy loam soil, which contains higher content of sand, is better than other types of loam soil in producing L. rhinocerus tuber. Topsoil and loam soil are available commercially. Limestone reduces soil acidity and the amount of limestone added depends on the initial soil pH. Particularly, the soil mixture should be around pH6 to prevent competitive pathogen, fungi and pest growth.
• the buried substrate is incubated at 28°C to 32°C until tubers are formed. It was observed that tubers weighing up to 45g were formed after three months of incubation.
• the casing soil moisture is maintained between 50% and 70%. Water can be sprayed over the casing soil to maintain the moisture content and to prevent dehydration of casing soil. Fruiting body cannot form when the soil has low moisture or is dehydrated. Preferably, the soil moisture is maintained at 50%.
• a proper drainage needs to be ensured during the cultivation to prevent excess growth of mold or other microorganisms in standing water. Standing water encourage growth of bacteria and mold, which can outgrow L. rhinocerus or excrete substances that can inhibit L. rhinocerus growth.
• Liquid spawn was prepared by inoculating a L. rhinocerus mycelium culture into a sterilized liquid medium containing glucose, peptone, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (MgS0 4 .7H 2 0), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HP0 4 ), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 P0 4 ) and yeast extract followed by incubation at a temperature between 28°C and 32°C for 14 days with orbital agitation at 150rpm.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=55955230

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

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• 2014
  • 2014-11-12 MY MYPI2014703369A patent/MY194790A/en unknown
• 2015
  • 2015-11-12 WO PCT/MY2015/050140 patent/WO2016076702A2/en active Application Filing

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