WO2016076042A1 - Colonne de filtrage à écoulement vers le bas - Google Patents

Colonne de filtrage à écoulement vers le bas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016076042A1
WO2016076042A1 PCT/JP2015/078559 JP2015078559W WO2016076042A1 WO 2016076042 A1 WO2016076042 A1 WO 2016076042A1 JP 2015078559 W JP2015078559 W JP 2015078559W WO 2016076042 A1 WO2016076042 A1 WO 2016076042A1
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Prior art keywords
filtration
particles
cleaning
filtration chamber
cleaning particles
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PCT/JP2015/078559
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
柏原　秀樹
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住友電気工業株式会社
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Priority to JP2015559368A priority Critical patent/JPWO2016076042A1/ja
Publication of WO2016076042A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016076042A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a downflow filter tower.
  • a filtration tower containing filtration particles is used as a method for separating and removing oil and turbidity at a low cost.
  • oil and turbidity are filtered by a filtration layer formed by enclosed filtration particles.
  • wash water is passed through the filter tower in the direction opposite to the normal water flow direction to adhere to the filter particles.
  • a washing process for removing the oil and turbidity, so-called back washing is performed.
  • the above publication proposes using a resin fiber filter medium having a small specific gravity as the filter particles forming the upper layer and using a porous ceramic filter medium having a large specific gravity as the filter particles forming the lower layer.
  • the sedimentation rate of granular materials increases as the particle size increases. Accordingly, when trying to stratify due to the difference in sedimentation speed, the gap between particles tends to be larger in the lower layer, and there is a possibility that fine turbidity or the like cannot be captured in the lower layer. For this reason, in the structure of the said gazette, the difference of the sedimentation rate is ensured by the combination of the resin fiber filter medium and the porous ceramics filter medium.
  • the present invention has been made based on the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a filtration tower that can remove fine oil and turbidity and is excellent in the washing performance of filtration particles.
  • a filtration tower according to an aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems is a downward flow filtration tower including a plurality of filtration chambers partitioned by a plurality of water-permeable partition plates. Each filtration chamber is filled with filtration particles and washing particles, and the average particle size and average specific gravity of the washing particles in the filtration chamber are larger than the washing particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber.
  • the downflow filter tower according to one embodiment of the present invention can remove fine oil and turbidity and is excellent in cleaning performance of the filter particles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a downflow filtration tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a filtration tower is a downward flow filtration tower including a plurality of filtration chambers partitioned by a plurality of water-permeable partition plates, and each of the plurality of filtration chambers includes filtration particles and cleaning particles.
  • the average particle size and average specific gravity of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber are larger than the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber (except for the lowermost filtration chamber).
  • the down-flow type filtration tower includes a plurality of filtration chambers filled with filtration particles and washing particles, so that a layer of filtration particles solidified with oil or turbidity in each filtration chamber during backwashing can be obtained by washing particles.
  • the cleaning effect of the filtration particles can be promoted by splitting.
  • the upper filtration chamber is filled with cleaning particles having a larger average particle diameter and average specific gravity, so that the upper filtration chamber has a higher settling rate of the cleaning particles. Thereby, it becomes possible to use filtration particles having a larger particle size and a higher sedimentation rate in the upper filtration chamber.
  • each said filtration chamber is each filled with washing
  • the average particle size of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber is preferably 1.5 to 10 times the average particle size of the cleaning particles immediately below the filtration chamber.
  • the improvement of ability is more certain.
  • the average specific gravity of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber is preferably 1.1 to 2 times the average specific gravity of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber. In this way, by setting the ratio of the average specific gravity of the cleaning particles between adjacent filtration chambers within the above range, clogging can be avoided and filtration capacity can be selected by selecting the average particle size, average specific gravity, etc. of the filtration particles in each filtration chamber. The improvement is further ensured.
  • the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber is preferably larger than the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber.
  • the difference between the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber and the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber is preferably 5% or more and 20% or less.
  • the average particle size and average specific gravity of the cleaning particles in one filtration chamber may be larger than the filtration particles in the same filtration chamber. In this way, by making the average particle diameter and average specific gravity of the cleaning particles larger than that of the filtering particles in each filtering chamber, the lower cleaning particle layer and the upper filtering particle layer are efficiently separated due to the difference in sedimentation speed. Can be stratified. As a result, the removal of oil and turbidity is not hindered.
  • the “average particle diameter” is a sieve defined in JIS-Z8801-1 (2006), and sieved in order from a sieve having a large mesh size, and the mass ratio of particles passing through the mesh is measured. It means a value (d50) at which the integrated mass becomes 50% in the particle size distribution created with the nominal aperture as the particle size.
  • “Average specific gravity” is a value measured in accordance with JIS-Z8807 (2012).
  • the “turbidity” means a suspended substance excluding oil.
  • the “oil” and “turbidity” do not have to be separated, and an emulsion may be formed.
  • the “filling mass ratio” of the cleaning particles means the ratio of the mass of the cleaning particles to the total mass of the filtering particles and the cleaning particles filled in each filtration chamber.
  • the downflow type filtration tower in FIG. 1 is a device that filters the liquid to be treated from the top to the bottom.
  • the liquid to be treated to be filtered by the downflow type filtration tower typically includes petroleum-associated water containing oil and turbidity.
  • the turbidity includes, for example, particles such as sand, silica and calcium carbonate, iron powder, microorganisms, and wood chips.
  • the downflow type filtration tower is erected so that the center axis substantially coincides with the vertical direction, and is disposed substantially horizontally on the tubular body 1 having a top plate portion and a bottom plate portion, and the tubular body 1,
  • a pair of water-permeable first to third upper partition plates 2a, 2b, and 2c partitioning the inner space of the cylindrical main body 1 and the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, and 2c, and the inner space of the cylindrical main body 1 Permeable first to third lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c.
  • the first filtration chamber 4a is defined in the cylindrical main body 1 between the first upper partition plate 2a and the first lower partition plate 3a in order from the upper side.
  • a second filtration chamber 4b is defined between the second upper partition plate 2b and the second lower partition plate 3b, and a third filtration chamber is disposed between the third upper partition plate 2c and the third lower partition plate 3c. 4c is defined.
  • the downflow type filtration tower is a treatment liquid supply channel 5 for supplying the liquid to be treated to the cylindrical main body 1 from its upper end, and a treatment obtained by filtration of the liquid to be treated inside the cylindrical main body 1.
  • a treated liquid discharge channel 6 for discharging the finished liquid from the lower end of the cylindrical main body 1 is further provided.
  • the first filtration chamber 4a defined inside the cylindrical body 1 is filled with the first filtration particles 7a and the first cleaning particles 8a having an average particle size and an average specific gravity larger than the first filtration particles 7a. Yes. Moreover, the 1st filtration chamber 4a has the 1st head space 9a above the 1st filtration particle
  • the second filtration chamber 4b is filled with the second filtration particles 7b and the second cleaning particles 8b having an average particle diameter and an average specific gravity larger than those of the second filtration particles 7b.
  • the second filtration chamber 4b has a second head space 9b above the second filtration particles 7b and the second cleaning particles 8b in a steady state (a state in which filtration is continuously performed).
  • the third filtration chamber 4c is filled with third filtration particles 7c and third cleaning particles 8c having an average particle diameter and an average specific gravity larger than those of the third filtration particles 7c.
  • the third filtration chamber 4c has a third head space 9c above the third filtration particles 7c and the third cleaning particles 8c in a steady state (a state in which filtration is continuously performed).
  • the cylindrical main body 1 is formed of metal or resin so as to have a strength that can withstand the pressure of the liquid that is inserted into the cylindrical main body 1.
  • Examples of the material for forming the cylindrical body 1 include stainless steel, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin), glass fiber reinforced plastic, or carbon fiber reinforced plastic from the viewpoint of strength, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and the like. preferable.
  • the cylindrical main body 1 may be provided with a reinforcing member or a leg member for self-standing on the outside.
  • the planar shape of the cylindrical main body 1 is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, etc., but it is easy to form a uniform liquid flow. From the viewpoint of preventing clogging and staying of cleaning particles and oil and turbidity, a shape without corners is preferable, and a circular shape is typically used. Moreover, making the planar shape of the cylindrical main body 1 without a corner has an advantage that the strength of the cylindrical main body 1 can be easily obtained and the design can be facilitated.
  • the top plate portion where the liquid supply flow path 5 to be processed and the bottom plate portion where the processed liquid discharge flow path 6 are arranged may be flat plates, but pressure resistance is obtained. It is preferable to use a mirror-plate shape.
  • the size of the cylindrical main body 1 is not particularly limited, and is selected according to the flow rate of water to be treated to be treated.
  • the average cross-sectional area of the cylindrical main body 1 can be, for example, 0.1 m 2 or more 10 m 2 or less.
  • the height of the cylindrical main body 1 it can be set to 0.5 m or more and 10 m or less, for example.
  • the lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c and the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, 2c are formed of plate-like members that allow water to pass therethrough and not allow the filtered particles 7a, 7b, 7c and the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c to pass therethrough. Is done. These lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c and upper partition plates 2a, 2b, 2c seal the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c and the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c inside the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c. Fulfills the function of
  • the lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c and the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, 2c include, for example, a porous plate having a large porosity, a plate formed with a large number of small holes, a wire mesh, and the like. Can be mentioned.
  • the lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c and the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, 2c are a support member having a large mesh and a net-like, woven or non-woven fabric provided so as to cover the eyes of the support member. It may consist of a combination with these members.
  • the material of the lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c and the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, 2c is not particularly limited, and metal, synthetic resin, or the like can be used.
  • metal it is preferable to use corrosion-resistant stainless steel (for example, SUS316L) from the viewpoint of corrosion prevention.
  • a support member such as a reinforcing wire in combination so that the opening is not changed by the water pressure or the weight of the particles.
  • a wire mesh it is preferable to use a mesh made of a wire material having excellent strength and heat resistance, such as stainless steel wire, Kevlar fiber, carbon fiber and the like.
  • the nominal mesh openings of the wire mesh are the corresponding filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c and cleaning particles 8a, 8b, It is preferably designed to be less than the minimum particle size of 8c. Moreover, when the minimum particle diameter of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c or the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c is very small, if the opening of the wire mesh is made smaller than that, the differential pressure may become too large.
  • the nominal mesh opening of the wire mesh is not more than a value obtained by subtracting the standard deviation of the particle diameters of the corresponding filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c from the average particle diameter of the corresponding filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c. .
  • the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c are filter media that form a layer for filtering the water to be treated.
  • known filtration particles can be used, for example, particles mainly composed of natural sand, inorganic particles, ceramics, polymers (polymer compounds), natural organic materials, and the like. Can be used.
  • the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c have a polymer as a main component.
  • the cost and weight of the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, and 4c can be reduced.
  • grains 7a, 7b, 7c can be made small by using a polymer, the washing
  • Examples of the polymer as the main component of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c include a fluororesin, a vinyl resin, a polyolefin, a polyurethane, an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, a melamine resin, and a polycarbonate. .
  • a fluororesin, a vinyl resin, a polyurethane, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic resin excellent in water resistance and oil resistance are preferable, and a fluororesin excellent in corrosion resistance and a polyolefin excellent in adsorptivity are more preferable.
  • polypropylene that is particularly excellent in oil adsorption capacity is preferable.
  • the fluororesin is excellent in strength, heat resistance, and chemical resistance, and has a relatively large specific gravity, so that it has a merit that it can settle quickly after washing and can be quickly filtered.
  • grains 7a, 7b, 7c may differ for every filtration chamber, and may contain multiple types of particle
  • examples of the natural sand include anthracite, garnet, manganese sand, and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the ceramic for example, ceramic particles mainly composed of silica, alumina, glass or the like can be used.
  • the natural organic material a natural organic material having a particle size adjusted by sieving can be used, and examples thereof include natural fibers such as walnut shell, sawdust and hemp.
  • glass beads are preferable in that particles having a uniform particle size and specific gravity can be obtained relatively easily.
  • Particularly preferable glass beads include, for example, spherical glass beads containing alumina. Such glass beads have an advantage that they are difficult to grow into a lump even when oil adheres, and are easy to disperse and flow during washing. Therefore, stable filtration performance and high cleaning effect can be obtained by using such glass beads.
  • the shape of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a spherical shape or a column shape.
  • the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c can be densely deposited, and the filtration efficiency is improved and the filtration particles 7a in a steady state. , 7b, 7c can be prevented.
  • the average particle diameter of the filtration particles 7a, 7b and 7c is larger as the upper filtration chamber is filled. That is, the average particle diameter of the second filtration particles 7b in the second filtration chamber 4b immediately below the average particle diameter of the first filtration particles 7a in the first filtration chamber 4a is smaller, and the second filtration particles in the second filtration chamber 4b. The average particle diameter of the third filtration particles 7c in the third filtration chamber 4c immediately below the average particle diameter of 7b is smaller.
  • the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the uppermost first filtration particle 7a is preferably 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 250 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 300 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average particle diameter of the first filter particles 7a is preferably 2000 ⁇ m, more preferably 800 ⁇ m, further preferably 600 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 400 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle diameter of the first filtration particles 7a is less than the lower limit, the density of the layer formed by the first filtration particles 7a in the first filtration chamber 4a is large and the gap is small. There is a possibility that the pressure loss is increased and the frequency of clogging of the first filtration chamber 4a is increased.
  • the average particle diameter of the 1st filtration particle 7a exceeds the said upper limit, the clearance gap between the 1st filtration particles 7a becomes large, and there exists a possibility that an oil component and turbidity cannot fully be removed.
  • the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the second filtration particles 7b is preferably 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 120 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average particle diameter of the second filtration particles 7b is preferably 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 300 ⁇ m, still more preferably 250 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 200 ⁇ m.
  • the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the lowermost third filtration particle 7c is preferably 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average particle size of the third filtration particles 7c is preferably 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 120 ⁇ m, still more preferably 100 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 80 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size of the third filtration particles 7c is less than the lower limit, the pressure loss of the third filtration chamber 4c may increase, and the cost and weight may increase.
  • the average particle diameter of the 3rd filtration particle 7c exceeds the said upper limit, there exists a possibility that the said downward flow type filtration tower cannot remove a fine oil droplet and turbidity.
  • the lower limit of the average specific gravity of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c for each of the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c is preferably 1.1, more preferably 1.4.
  • the upper limit of the average specific gravity of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c is preferably 8, and more preferably 5.
  • the average specific gravity of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c is less than the lower limit, the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c do not settle, and a layer for filtering the liquid to be treated cannot be formed in the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c. There is a fear.
  • the average specific gravity of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c exceeds the above upper limit, the layer of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c cannot be fluidized during backwashing, and the cleaning effect may not be improved.
  • the average specific gravity of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c may be different for each filtration chamber.
  • the lower limit of the uniformity coefficient of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c for the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c is preferably 1.1, and more preferably 1.3.
  • the upper limit of the uniformity coefficient of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c is preferably 1.8, and more preferably 1.6.
  • the uniformity coefficient of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c is less than the lower limit, the variation in the particle diameter of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c may be too small to be densely deposited.
  • the “uniformity coefficient” is a sieve defined in JIS-Z8801-1 (2006), and the mass ratio of particles passing through the openings is measured by sieving in order from the sieve with the larger openings. This is a value obtained by dividing the value (d60) at which the integrated mass is 60% in the particle size distribution created by using the aperture as the particle size by the value (d10) at which the integrated mass is 10%.
  • the average thickness of the layer formed by the uppermost first filtration particle 7a in the steady state is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 10 cm or more and 1 m or less. Although it does not specifically limit as average thickness of the layer which the 2nd filtration particle 7b forms in a steady state, For example, it can be 5 cm or more and 80 cm or less. In addition, the average thickness of the layer formed by the lowermost third filtration particle 7c in the steady state is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 cm or more and 50 cm or less.
  • the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c rise at the time of backwashing and loosen the layer of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c solidified by oil and turbidity to form a gap, thereby cleaning the filtering particles 7a, 7b, and 7c. Promote.
  • the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c particles mainly composed of natural sand, inorganic substances, ceramics, metals (including metal compounds), polymers, natural organic materials, etc. can be used. Particles based on polymers are preferred. Since the main component of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c is ceramic, metal, or polymer, the ratio of specific gravity with respect to the filtering particles 7a, 7b, and 7c can be easily optimized, and the cleaning effect of the filtering particles 7a, 7b, and 7c can be improved. Easy to get.
  • the material of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c may be different for each filtration chamber, and may include a plurality of types of particles.
  • Ceramics that are the main components of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c include those containing glass, silica, alumina, and the like as main components.
  • Examples of the metal that is the main component of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c include iron oxide having excellent rust resistance.
  • Examples of the polymer that is the main component of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c include a fluororesin, vinyl resin, polyolefin, polyurethane, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, melamine resin, and polycarbonate. .
  • a fluororesin, a vinyl resin, a polyurethane, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic resin excellent in water resistance and oil resistance are preferable, and a fluororesin excellent in corrosion resistance is more preferable.
  • examples of natural sand that is the main component of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c include anthracite, garnet, and manganese sand.
  • a natural organic material having a particle size adjusted by sieving can be used as the natural organic material which is the main component of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b and 8c.
  • glass beads can be mentioned. Since glass beads having a uniform particle size and specific gravity can be obtained relatively easily, a stable cleaning effect can be provided. As particularly preferred glass beads, for example, spherical glass beads containing alumina can be used. Such glass beads have an advantage that they are difficult to grow into a lump even when oil adheres, and are easy to disperse and flow during washing.
  • the shape of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a spherical shape or a column shape.
  • irregularly pulverized particles as the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c, it is possible to further promote the cleaning effect of the filtered particles during backwashing.
  • the first cleaning particles 8a have a larger average particle size and average specific gravity than the first filtration particles 7a
  • the second cleaning particles 8b have a larger average particle size and average specific gravity than the second filtration particles 7b
  • the third cleaning particles 8c It is preferable that an average particle diameter and an average specific gravity are larger than the 3rd filtration particle 7c.
  • the average particle diameter and average specific gravity of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c are larger than those of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c in the same filtration chamber 4a, 4b, and 4c, the lower cleaning is performed due to the difference in sedimentation speed.
  • the layer of the particles 8a, 8b, and 8c and the layer of the upper filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c can be efficiently divided into layers.
  • the ratio of the average particle size of the first cleaning particles 8a to the average particle size of the first filtered particles 7a, the ratio of the average particle size of the second cleaning particles 8b to the average particle size of the second filtered particles 7b, and the third cleaning particles 8c As a lower limit of the ratio of the average particle diameter to the average particle diameter of the third filtered particles 7c, 1.2 is preferable, and 1.5 is more preferable. On the other hand, the upper limit of the ratio of the average particle diameter is preferably 10, and more preferably 8.
  • the ratio of the average particle diameter is less than the lower limit, the collision energy of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c with respect to the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c during backwashing is small, and the layers of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c are broken up. There is a possibility that the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c do not settle before the filtering particles 7a, 7b, and 7c after backwashing, and a layer of the filtering particles 7a, 7b, and 7c cannot be formed. On the other hand, when the ratio of the average particle diameters exceeds the upper limit, the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c may enter the gaps between the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c and may not form a sufficiently thick filtration layer. .
  • the lower limit of the ratio of the third filtered particles 7c to the average specific gravity is preferably 1.5 and more preferably 2.
  • the upper limit of the ratio of the average specific gravity is preferably 10, and more preferably 8.
  • the ratio of the average specific gravity is less than the lower limit, the collision energy of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c with the filtering particles 7a, 7b, and 7c during backwashing is small, and the layers of the filtering particles 7a, 7b, and 7c are broken up.
  • the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c may not settle before the filtered particles 7a, 7b, 7c after backwashing, and the layers of the filtered particles 7a, 7b, 7c may not be formed.
  • the ratio of the average specific gravity exceeds the upper limit, the filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c may enter the gaps between the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c, and a filtration layer having a sufficient thickness may not be formed.
  • the first cleaning particles 8a have a larger average particle size and average specific gravity than the second cleaning particles 8b in the second filtration chamber 4b directly below, and the second cleaning particles 8b are the third cleaning particles in the third filtration chamber 4c directly below. Average particle diameter and average specific gravity are larger than 8c.
  • the ratio of the average particle size of the first cleaning particles 8a to the average particle size of the second cleaning particles 8b, and the ratio of the average particle size of the second cleaning particles 8b to the average particle size of the third cleaning particles 8c, that is, each filtration chamber The lower limit of the ratio of the average particle diameter of the cleaning particles to the average particle diameter of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber is preferably 1.5 and more preferably 2.
  • the upper limit of the average particle size ratio is preferably 10, and more preferably 8.
  • the ratio of the average particle diameter is less than the lower limit, a sufficient difference in the average particle diameter of the filtration particles cannot be made between adjacent filtration chambers, and the filtration particles formed in the lower filtration chamber There is a risk that the filtration capacity of the layer will be insufficient. Conversely, if the ratio of the average particle diameter exceeds the upper limit, the difference in the average particle diameter of the filtration particles between adjacent filtration chambers is excessive, and the layer of filtration particles formed in the lower filtration chamber is oily. There is a risk of clogging due to turbidity.
  • the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the uppermost first cleaning particle 8a is preferably 250 ⁇ m, more preferably 300 ⁇ m, and further preferably 350 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average particle size of the first cleaning particles 8a is preferably 3000 ⁇ m, more preferably 2400 ⁇ m, further preferably 1800 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1200 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle diameter of the first cleaning particles 8a is less than the lower limit, the density of the layer formed by the first cleaning particles 8a is large, and the pressure loss may increase.
  • the average particle size of the first cleaning particles 8a exceeds the above upper limit, the first filtration particles 7a may enter the gaps between the first cleaning particles 8a, and the layer of the first filtration particles 7a may not be efficiently formed. is there.
  • the lower limit of the average particle size of the second cleaning particles 8b is preferably 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 120 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 150 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average particle size of the second cleaning particles 8b is preferably 1500 ⁇ m, more preferably 900 ⁇ m, further preferably 750 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 600 ⁇ m. If the average particle size of the second cleaning particles 8b is less than the lower limit, the density of the layer formed by the second cleaning particles 8b may be large and the pressure loss may increase. Conversely, when the average particle size of the second cleaning particles 8b exceeds the above upper limit, the second filtration particles 7b may enter the gaps between the second cleaning particles 8b, and the layer of the second filtration particles 7b may not be formed efficiently. is there.
  • the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the lowermost third cleaning particle 8c is preferably 6 ⁇ m, more preferably 12 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 25 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average particle size of the third cleaning particles 8c is preferably 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 350 ⁇ m, further preferably 300 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 250 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size of the third cleaning particles 8c is less than the lower limit, the density of the layer formed by the third cleaning particles 8c is large, and the pressure loss may be increased.
  • the third filtration particles 7c may enter the gaps between the third cleaning particles 8c, and the third filtration particle 7c layer may not be formed efficiently. is there.
  • the lower limit of the uniformity coefficient of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c for each of the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c is preferably 1.1 and more preferably 1.3.
  • the upper limit of the uniformity coefficient of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c is preferably 1.8 and more preferably 1.6.
  • the uniformity coefficient of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c is less than the above lower limit, the variation in the particle size of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c is too small and the cleaning efficiency of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c becomes insufficient. There is a fear.
  • the uniformity coefficient of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c exceeds the upper limit, the gap between the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c may become small and clogged with oil droplets or turbidity.
  • the lower limit of the ratio of the specific gravity to the average specific gravity of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below is preferably 1.1, and more preferably 1.2.
  • the upper limit of the average specific gravity ratio is preferably 2, and more preferably 1.8.
  • the ratio of the average specific gravity is less than the lower limit, it is not possible to make a sufficient difference in the average specific gravity of the filtration particles between the adjacent filtration chambers, and the filtration particle layer formed in the lower filtration chamber There is a risk of insufficient filtration capacity. Conversely, when the ratio of the average specific gravity exceeds the upper limit, the difference in the average specific gravity of the filtration particles between adjacent filtration chambers becomes excessive, and the layer of filtration particles formed in the lower filtration chamber becomes oily or turbid. There is a risk of clogging with quality.
  • the lower limit of the average specific gravity of the uppermost first cleaning particle 8a is preferably 1.5 and more preferably 2.
  • the upper limit of the average specific gravity of the first cleaning particles 8a is preferably 15, and more preferably 10.
  • grains 8a is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that sedimentation rate may become small and layering with the 1st filtration particle 7a may become inadequate.
  • the average specific gravity of the first cleaning particles 8a exceeds the above upper limit, the first cleaning particles 8a do not float during backwashing, and the cleaning of the first filtration particles 7a may not be promoted.
  • the lower limit of the average specific gravity of the second cleaning particles 8b is preferably 1.3 and more preferably 1.7.
  • the upper limit of the average specific gravity of the second cleaning particles 8b is preferably 10, and more preferably 7.
  • the average specific gravity of the second cleaning particles 8b is less than the above lower limit, the sedimentation speed is decreased, and there is a possibility that the layering with the second filtration particles 7b is insufficient.
  • the average specific gravity of the second cleaning particles 8b exceeds the above upper limit, the second cleaning particles 8b do not float during backwashing, and the cleaning of the second filtration particles 7b may not be promoted.
  • the lower limit of the average specific gravity of the lowermost third cleaning particle 8c is preferably 1.1, and more preferably 1.5.
  • the upper limit of the average specific gravity of the third cleaning particles 8c is preferably 7, and more preferably 5.
  • grains 8c is less than the said minimum, there exists a possibility that sedimentation rate may become small and layering with the 3rd filtration particle
  • the average specific gravity of the third cleaning particles 8c exceeds the above upper limit, the third cleaning particles 8c do not float during backwashing, and there is a possibility that the cleaning of the third filtration particles 7c cannot be promoted.
  • the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber is preferably larger than the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber. That is, it is preferable that the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c in the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, and 4c is larger in the upper filtration chamber. Since the dirt of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c becomes larger in the upper filtration chamber, the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c can be efficiently washed by increasing the filling mass ratio of the washing particles in the upper filtration chamber. By reducing the height of the lower filtration chamber, the downflow filtration tower can be miniaturized.
  • Difference between the filling mass ratio of the third cleaning particles 8c in the third filtration chamber 4c that is, the filling mass ratio of the cleaning particles in each filtration chamber and the filling mass of the cleaning particles in the filtration chamber immediately below the filtration chamber
  • the upper limit of the difference in the filling mass ratio is preferably 20%, more preferably 15%.
  • the cleaning particles in the upper filtration chamber may be reduced and the cleaning efficiency of the filtration particles may be insufficient, or the cleaning particles in the lower filtration chamber may be increased. There is a possibility that the counter-flow filter tower becomes unnecessarily large.
  • the difference in the filling mass ratio exceeds the upper limit, the upper cleaning particles increase, the downflow filtration tower may become unnecessarily large, and the cleaning particles in the lower filtration chamber decrease. There is a possibility that the cleaning efficiency of the filtered particles may be insufficient.
  • the filling mass ratio of the 1st washing particle 8a in the 1st filtration room 4a 15 mass% is preferred and 20 mass% is more preferred.
  • the upper limit of the filling mass ratio of the first cleaning particles 8a in the first filtration chamber 4a is preferably 50% by mass, and more preferably 45% by mass. When the filling mass ratio of the first cleaning particles 8a in the first filtration chamber 4a is less than the lower limit, there is a possibility that the cleaning of the first filtration particles 7a cannot be sufficiently promoted during backwashing.
  • the filling mass ratio of the first cleaning particles 8a in the first filtration chamber 4a exceeds the above upper limit, the first filtration chamber 4a needs to be enlarged, so that the downflow type filtration tower is unnecessarily large. There is a risk.
  • the lower limit of the filling mass ratio of the second cleaning particles 8b in the second filtration chamber 4b is preferably 10% by mass, and more preferably 15% by mass.
  • the upper limit of the filling mass ratio of the second cleaning particles 8b in the second filtration chamber 4b is preferably 45 mass%, more preferably 40 mass%.
  • the lower limit of the filling mass ratio of the third cleaning particles 8c in the third filtration chamber 4c is preferably 5% by mass, and more preferably 10% by mass.
  • the upper limit of the filling mass ratio of the third cleaning particles 8c in the third filtration chamber 4c is preferably 40% by mass, and more preferably 35% by mass.
  • the lower limit of the average height of the head spaces 9a, 9b, 9c is the average height of the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c (the average of the lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c and the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, 2c). 30% of the interval) is preferable, and 50% is more preferable.
  • an upper limit of the average height of the head spaces 9a, 9b, 9c 80% of the average height of the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c is preferable, and 70% is more preferable.
  • the water treatment method using the downward flow type filtration tower in FIG. 1 includes a filtration step of filtering the liquid to be treated in the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c, and filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c in the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c. And a filtration layer forming step of forming layers of filtration particles 7a, 7b, 7c in the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c are repeated.
  • the liquid to be processed is supplied from the liquid supply path 5 to be processed, and the processed liquid obtained by filtering the liquid to be processed is discharged from the liquid discharge path 6 for processed liquid.
  • layers of cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c are formed on the lower partition plates 3a, 3b, 3c in the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, 4c, and layers of cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c are formed.
  • a filtration layer is formed by filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c on the top, and head spaces 9a, 9b, and 9c are formed between the filtration layer and the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, and 2c.
  • the supply method of the liquid to be treated is not particularly limited, and for example, a method such as pumping by a pump or natural flow by a water head can be used.
  • the lower limit of the supply amount of the liquid to be treated per unit cross-sectional area of the downward flow filtration tower in the water treatment method using the downward flow filtration tower is preferably 100 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ day, and 300 m 3 / m. 2 ⁇ day is more preferable.
  • the upper limit of the feed rate of the liquid to be treated is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3000m 3 / m 2 ⁇ day, more preferably 1000m 3 / m 2 ⁇ day.
  • the supply amount of the liquid to be processed is less than the lower limit, there is a risk that the processing capacity may be insufficient in an environment where a large amount of liquid to be processed is generated, or a large number of downflow filtration towers may be required.
  • the supply amount of the liquid to be treated exceeds the upper limit, the frequency of the backwashing process is increased, which may be inefficient.
  • the upper limit of the turbidity concentration of the treated liquid recovered by the water treatment method using the downward flow filtration tower in FIG. 1 is preferably 10 ppm, more preferably 5 ppm, further preferably 3 ppm, and particularly preferably 1 ppm.
  • turbidity concentration means the concentration of suspended solids (SS), and is a value measured according to “14.1 suspended matter” of JIS-K0102 (2008).
  • the upper limit of the oil concentration of the treated liquid recovered by the water treatment method using the downward flow filtration tower in FIG. 1 is preferably 100 ppm, more preferably 10 ppm, and even more preferably 1 ppm. If the oil concentration of the treated liquid exceeds the above upper limit, the load of the oil / water separation treatment downstream of the downflow filtration tower may be excessive, or the treated liquid can be discarded without causing any environmental load. There is a risk of disappearing.
  • washing water is supplied from the treated liquid discharge flow path 6, passes through the filtration chambers 4a, 4b, and 4c, and the oil and turbidity separated from the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c, and the filtration chamber 4a, Washing wastewater containing oil and turbidity remaining in the space in the cylindrical main body 1 and the head spaces 9a, 9b, 9c of 4b, 4c is discharged from the liquid supply passage 5 to be treated.
  • this washing waste water may be supplied to the liquid to be processed supply channel 5 as a part of the liquid to be processed in the next filtration step.
  • the washing water flowing from the bottom to the top first causes the washing particles to rise, breaks the layers of the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c solidified by oil and turbidity, and the filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c become the headspace by the washing water.
  • 9a, 9b, 9c can be raised.
  • the filtered particles 7a, 7b, and 7c raised in the head spaces 9a, 9b, and 9c are agitated in the washing water, and the attached oil and turbidity are peeled off. Further, the raised filter particles 7a, 7b, 7c collide with the other filter particles 7a, 7b, 7c and the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c, thereby promoting the separation of the attached oil and turbidity. .
  • the backwashing step may be performed at regular intervals.
  • the pressure difference between the liquid supply channel 5 to be processed and the liquid discharge channel 6 to be processed reaches a constant pressure in the filtration step, It may be performed when the flow rate of the processing liquid supply flow path 5 or the processed liquid discharge flow path 6 is reduced to a constant flow rate, or may be performed by operating an operator.
  • the amount of wash water supplied per unit cross-sectional area of the downward flow filtration tower can be, for example, 200 L / m 2 ⁇ hr or more and 2000 L / m 2 ⁇ hr or less.
  • the backwash time can be, for example, 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
  • an interval of backwashing when backwashing is performed every predetermined time it can be set to 1 hour or more and 12 hours or less, for example.
  • the washing water is preferably supplied as a bubbling jet water stream in which bubbles are mixed.
  • the bubbling jet water stream can be produced using, for example, a bubbling jet device, an eductor, or the like.
  • a bubbling jet water stream it is possible to promote separation of oil and turbidity from the filtered particles 7a, 7b, and 7c by bubbles.
  • the washing water may be supplied as a jet water stream that does not contain bubbles.
  • the amount of air in the bubbling jet water flow is preferably, for example, from 1 NL / L to 5 NL / L. Moreover, as an average diameter of the bubble in a bubbling jet water flow, 1 mm or more and 4 mm or less are preferable. Further, the feed pressure of the washing water is preferably 0.2 MPa or more, and the flow rate of the bubbling jet water flow is preferably 20 m / s or more at the outlet of the bubbling jet nozzle, for example.
  • ⁇ Filter layer forming step> the filtration chambers 4a, 4b and 4c are filled with water, and the filtration particles 7a, 7b and 7c and the washing particles 8a, 8b and 8c are naturally settled.
  • the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c having a large average specific gravity and a large average particle diameter have a high sedimentation speed, and settle first to form a layer on the lower partition plates 3a, 3b, and 3c.
  • Filter particles 7a, 7b, and 7c having a smaller average specific gravity and average particle diameter and lower settling velocity than cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c are deposited on the previously formed layer of cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c.
  • a filtration layer is formed.
  • water containing no air is supplied from the treated liquid discharge flow path 6 at a flow rate that is equal to or higher than the flow rate of the washing water in the backwashing step. If the inside of 4c is filled with water and the filtering particles 7a, 7b, 7c and the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c are pressed against the upper partition plates 2a, 2b, 2c, the cleaning particles 8a, 8b, 8c and the filtering particles 7a , 7b, 7c can be promoted.
  • the downflow filtration tower includes a plurality of filtration chambers 4a, 4b, and 4c filled with filtration particles 7a, 7b, and 7c and cleaning particles 8a, 8b, and 8c. Since the upper filtration chamber with a higher concentration of oil and turbidity has a higher sedimentation rate of the cleaning particles because it is filled with cleaning particles having a higher average specific gravity, the upper filtration chamber has a larger particle size and a larger sedimentation rate. Particles can be used. That is, the downflow type filtration tower increases the average particle size of the filtration particles in the upper filtration chamber so that clogging is less likely to occur, and decreases the average particle size of the filtration particles in the lower side. Small oil and turbidity can be removed. In addition, since the downflow type filtration tower is filled with cleaning particles in each filtration chamber, the filter particles are quickly washed by breaking the layer of filter particles solidified with oil or turbidity by the washing particles during backwashing. be able to.
  • the number of filtration chambers disposed in the downward flow filtration tower is not particularly limited, and can be any number of 2 or more.
  • the filtration chamber may be used in combination with a unit having an adsorbent for oil such as porous ceramics, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, fiber, activated carbon or the like.
  • the oil adsorbent unit is preferably disposed downstream of the filtration chamber.
  • the filtration chamber may be one in which no head space is formed on the filtration particles and the washing particles.
  • a plurality of water supply passages for supplying washing water to the lower side of each filtration chamber may be provided on the side of the cylindrical body, and a plurality of drainage channels for discharging washing wastewater from above each filtration chamber are provided. May be.
  • the water supply path for supplying the cleaning water to the lower side of the filtration chamber may have a nozzle that discharges the cleaning water toward the lower surface of the lower partition plate. By providing such a nozzle, a flow having a high flow velocity can be formed at least partially in the filtration chamber, and the effect of breaking the layer of filtration particles with the cleaning particles can be promoted.
  • the nozzle may be disposed so as to be buried in a layer of filtration particles or cleaning particles, and a layer of filtration particles or cleaning particles may be broken by directly acting the water pressure of the cleaning water.
  • cleaning water may be supplied from the side to the position of the head space formed in the steady state.
  • the scrubbing effect of the filtered particles can be promoted by the washing water supplied to the position of the head space of the filtration chamber and having a flow in a direction different from the washing water from below.
  • the flow path for supplying cleaning water into the filtration chamber may include a nozzle that protrudes into the filtration chamber and opens downward. By providing such a nozzle, it is possible to promote the cleaning effect of the filtered particles by forming a downward flow, and to make the filtered particle layer break up by colliding with the cleaning particle having a large flow velocity against the filtered particle layer. it can.
  • the downflow filtration tower can be suitably used for removing oil and turbidity from the liquid to be treated generated in oil fields and factories.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet de fournir une colonne de filtrage qui tout en permettant de retirer une huile et des matières en suspension en très petite quantité, présente d'excellentes performances de nettoyage de particules filtrées. Selon un mode de réalisation, la colonne de filtrage consiste en une colonne de filtrage à écoulement vers le bas équipée d'une pluralité de chambres de filtrage définies par une pluralité de plaques de séparation perméables à l'eau. Les particules filtrées et des particules nettoyées remplissent chacune desdites chambres de filtrage, et le diamètre particulaire moyen ainsi que le poids spécifique moyen des particules nettoyées dans lesdites chambres de filtrage, sont supérieurs à ceux des particules nettoyées dans les chambres de filtrage juste en dessous des chambres de filtrage susmentionnées. De préférence, le diamètre particulaire moyen des particules nettoyées dans lesdites chambres de filtrage, est supérieur ou égal à 1,5 fois et inférieur ou égal à 10 fois le diamètre particulaire moyen des particules nettoyées dans les chambres de filtrage juste en dessous des chambres de filtrage susmentionnées. De préférence, le poids spécifique moyen des particules nettoyées dans lesdites chambres de filtrage est supérieur ou égal à 1,1 fois et inférieur ou égal à 2 fois le poids spécifique moyen des particules nettoyées dans les chambres de filtrage juste en dessous des chambres de filtrage susmentionnées. Il est satisfaisant que la proportion de quantité de remplissage de particules nettoyées dans lesdites chambres de filtrage, est supérieure à la proportion de quantité de remplissage de particules nettoyées dans les chambres de filtrage juste en dessous des chambres de filtrage susmentionnées.
PCT/JP2015/078559 2014-11-10 2015-10-08 Colonne de filtrage à écoulement vers le bas WO2016076042A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109442621A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-03-08 滁州市云米工业设计有限公司 一种工业用空气净化装置及其工作方式
CN111111284A (zh) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-08 张有兴 油田采油废水处理装置及操作方法

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GB1294880A (fr) * 1969-03-10 1972-11-01
JPS5322664A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-02 Nippon Zeon Co Complex filter layer
JPS53101381U (fr) * 1977-01-20 1978-08-16
JPS56144712A (en) * 1980-04-15 1981-11-11 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd Filter apparatus
JPS57107207A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-03 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd Method and device for filtering microsuspended solids
JPH0889726A (ja) * 1994-09-27 1996-04-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 水浄化装置
JP3037266U (ja) * 1996-10-29 1997-05-16 バイタル・ジャパン株式会社 濾過タンク構造
JPH1199398A (ja) * 1997-07-28 1999-04-13 Toto Ltd 浄化槽
JP2013248563A (ja) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-12 Kamata Bio Eng Kk ろ過装置、そのろ過方法及びろ材の逆洗方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1294880A (fr) * 1969-03-10 1972-11-01
JPS5322664A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-02 Nippon Zeon Co Complex filter layer
JPS53101381U (fr) * 1977-01-20 1978-08-16
JPS56144712A (en) * 1980-04-15 1981-11-11 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd Filter apparatus
JPS57107207A (en) * 1980-12-26 1982-07-03 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd Method and device for filtering microsuspended solids
JPH0889726A (ja) * 1994-09-27 1996-04-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 水浄化装置
JP3037266U (ja) * 1996-10-29 1997-05-16 バイタル・ジャパン株式会社 濾過タンク構造
JPH1199398A (ja) * 1997-07-28 1999-04-13 Toto Ltd 浄化槽
JP2013248563A (ja) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-12 Kamata Bio Eng Kk ろ過装置、そのろ過方法及びろ材の逆洗方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109442621A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-03-08 滁州市云米工业设计有限公司 一种工业用空气净化装置及其工作方式
CN109442621B (zh) * 2018-11-02 2020-09-08 苏州德粤通风机电设备有限公司 一种工业用空气净化装置及其工作方法
CN111111284A (zh) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-08 张有兴 油田采油废水处理装置及操作方法

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