WO2016015639A1 - 规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺 - Google Patents

规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015639A1
WO2016015639A1 PCT/CN2015/085391 CN2015085391W WO2016015639A1 WO 2016015639 A1 WO2016015639 A1 WO 2016015639A1 CN 2015085391 W CN2015085391 W CN 2015085391W WO 2016015639 A1 WO2016015639 A1 WO 2016015639A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fly maggot
feeder
control device
fly
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/085391
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱凤香
薛智勇
姚燕来
王卫平
陈晓旸
洪春来
杨洪泉
Original Assignee
浙江省农业科学院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201410372379.9A external-priority patent/CN104186429B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410399299.2A external-priority patent/CN104161018B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410686525.5A external-priority patent/CN104604810B/zh
Application filed by 浙江省农业科学院 filed Critical 浙江省农业科学院
Priority to US15/327,787 priority Critical patent/US10542736B2/en
Priority to EP15828269.9A priority patent/EP3175707B1/en
Publication of WO2016015639A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015639A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/05Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fly maggot cultivation, and in particular to a large-scale efficient fly maggot breeding equipment and process.
  • the prior art method for breeding fly maggots is mainly divided into a box type, a cage type, a culture rack, and the like.
  • a large-scale fly maggot breeding device with application number 201210116603 and a method for using the same are One of the representative breeding methods, the breeding method is more complicated, the operation procedure is more complicated, many steps require manual operation, the labor intensity of the workers is large, the production efficiency is low, and only small-scale production can be carried out, and industrialization cannot be realized. Large-scale and high-efficiency production seriously restricts the industrialization development and application of fly maggot breeding
  • the present invention provides a large-scale and efficient fly maggot breeding equipment and process, aiming at solving the complicated structure of the fly maggot culture in the prior art, the operation procedure is cumbersome, many steps require manual operation, labor intensity of workers Large, low production efficiency, can only be small-scale production, can not truly industrialized large-scale high-efficiency production, seriously restricting the industrialization development and application of fly larvae.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to construct a large-scale and efficient fly maggot breeding device, and the device includes At least one breeding workshop with a multi-functional ceiling, wherein the breeding workshop is provided with at least one feeding machine running along a double-row type cloth track, and a main rail is suspended in front of one end of the cloth rail, and the main rail Provided on the railcar for transferring the feeder between different fabric rails, the railcar is provided with a transfer rail horizontally perpendicular to the main rail, and the height of the transfer rail is consistent with the height of the fabric rail.
  • the shop floor between the two rows of tracks of the cloth track constitutes a breeding bed for fly maggot breeding; the apparatus further comprises a switchboard control device for controlling the operation of the feeder and the rail car, the switchboard control device being connected
  • the apparatus further includes at least one silo connected to the aquaculture plant or independent of the breeding workshop; further comprising at least one material agitator, a fly maggot separator, and a washing machine , a dryer.
  • the bottom of the culture bed is provided with a temperature-controllable insulation layer, wherein the insulation layer comprises contact layering and heat conduction layering in sequence, and the heat conduction layer is provided with heat conduction containing water or oil.
  • a medium wherein the heat conducting layer is further provided with an electromagnetic heating pipe, wherein the electromagnetic heating pipe is connected to the farm bed temperature control device through a circuit, and the farm bed temperature control device is electrically connected to the switchboard control device, and the culture is The bed temperature control device is also electrically coupled to the culture bed temperature sensor disposed within the contact stratification and the medium temperature sensor disposed within the thermally conductive medium.
  • the multifunctional ceiling includes a movable awning controlled by an air temperature control device, and the air temperature control device is electrically connected to the switchboard control device; a transparent plastic ceiling, a cooling water spray pipe is arranged between the plastic ceiling and the movable sunshade, and a sump for collecting rainwater and spouting water in the water spray pipe is also arranged between any two transparent plastic ceilings.
  • the bottom of the sump is connected to a water curtain inlet pipe provided at a lower bottom of the plastic ceiling, and the water curtain inlet pipe is connected to a water curtain machine disposed on a side wall of the multifunctional ceiling, and the water curtain inlet pipe is further a water pump is provided, the water pump and the water curtain machine are electrically connected to the air temperature control device through a circuit, and the air temperature control device is electrically connected to the switchboard control device;
  • the top and bottom of the plastic ceiling are provided with an air temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and the surrounding side wall of the plastic ceiling is further provided with a plurality of electric roller blinds, the air temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, and the electric motor.
  • the roller blinds are electrically connected to the air temperature control device;
  • the switchboard control device is further connected with a data input device and an output device, and the data output device includes a printer and a computer.
  • the feeding machine comprises a feeding machine transporting on a cloth track, and the feeding machine is provided with a moving platform movable perpendicular to the moving direction of the feeding machine, the feeding machine conveying
  • a loading machine control device is arranged on the vehicle; a mounting hole is arranged in the mobile platform, a hopper is detachably inserted into the mounting hole, and at least one hopper is connected to the lower bottom of the hopper, and the hopper is connected to the hopper Removably connected with a nozzle, a feeding mechanism is coaxially arranged in the nozzle; two ends of the bottom of the moving platform are respectively provided with horizontal sliding rails connected to the feeding conveyor, and the sliding rails are disposed in the
  • the inside of one end of the mobile platform is further provided with a parallel ball screw, the ball screw is connected to and driven by the second motor, and the second motor is electrically
  • the feeder conveyor is further provided with a manual signal input device and a wireless signal device electrically connected to the feeder control device, and the manual signal input device is fixed on an outer side wall of the feeder conveyor.
  • the digital liquid crystal display device includes a wireless signal receiving device fixed to the feeder transport vehicle and a handheld wireless signal transmitter, and the wireless signal receiving device is electrically connected to the feeder control device.
  • the feeding mechanism includes at least one auger, one end of the auger is inserted into the nozzle, and the other end is connected to a main shaft of the third motor, and the third motor is fixed at the The feeder motor is electrically connected to the feeder control device.
  • the feeder includes a first nozzle or a second nozzle or a third nozzle, and the first nozzle is further provided with a gate that can be closed, the gate Connected to a push rod, the push rod is connected to a stepping motor fixed on the conveyor of the feeder, the stepping motor is electrically connected to the feeder control device through a circuit;
  • the third nozzle comprises a horizontal placement
  • the ⁇ -type hollow cylinder, the cylinder body comprises a connecting cylinder and a discharging cylinder, the connecting cylinder is inserted with a horizontal auger, and the discharging cylinder is provided with at least three discharging openings, the discharging A curved valve is disposed on the mouth;
  • the second nozzle includes a connector and a 360 degree bendable corrugated flexible hose connected thereto.
  • the fly maggot separator includes a vehicle body and a feeding device disposed at a front end thereof, and the feeding device and a groove-shaped silo fixed on the vehicle body for conveying fly maggots and materials
  • the front end is connected, the silo is provided with a vertical lifting device, and the top of the lifting device is further provided to be perpendicular to the moving direction of the vehicle body.
  • a cleaning device of the double movement the two ends of the lifting device are also connected with a gate through a connecting rod, the gate is closely attached to the end surface of the notch at both ends of the silo, and the lower side of the end surface is further fixed at the side a collecting device on the body of the vehicle;
  • the feeding device comprises a first conveyor belt driven by the first fly maggot separator motor, and the front end of the first conveyor belt is further provided with a reversible first material shovel, below the first material shovel There is also a retractable push rod.
  • the lifting device includes a bracket suspended above the silo, the bottom of the bracket is connected to a first worm and a sliding guide rod vertically disposed on a sidewall of the silo, and the first worm passes through the gear set It is connected to the spindle of the second fly maggot separator motor.
  • the cleaning device includes a cross bar, a middle portion of the cross bar is vertically suspended with a cleaning plate, and one end of the cross bar is fixed with a slider, and the slider is sleeved on the top of the bracket. Sliding on the rail, the other end of the crossbar is provided with a second worm, and the second worm is connected to a main shaft of a third fly maggot separator motor horizontally disposed at the top of the bracket;
  • the collecting device comprises a beveled collection box with a bevel and a maggot collecting box with a beveled mouth, and the material collection box and the maggot collecting box are further provided with pivoting and locking on both sides.
  • the first cover plate is provided with a torsion spring at the pivotal end of the first cover plate, and the other end of the first cover plate is provided with an electromagnetically-locked locking portion, and the electromagnetically-closed locking portion is Separately arranged on the material collection box and the electromagnetic lock on the vehicle body, the electromagnetic lock is also connected to the stroke of the height of the induction gate;
  • the vehicle body is provided with a light source device suspended above the cleaning device, and the bottom ends of the light source device are respectively connected to the sliding guide bar, and the light source is an infrared light source or an incandescent lamp;
  • the bottom of the vehicle body is further provided with a fourth fly maggot separator motor for driving the fly maggot separator;
  • the vehicle body is further provided with a fly maggot separator control device and a signal input device, and the fly maggot separator control device is respectively connected to the first fly maggot separator motor, the second fly maggot separator motor, The third fly maggot separator motor, the fourth fly maggot separator motor, and the signal input device are connected, and the signal input device includes a fly maggot separator touch screen.
  • the feeding device includes a second conveyor belt, the second conveyor belt is inclined downwardly and the ground angle is less than or equal to a degree, and the front end of the second conveyor belt is pivotally provided with a second material. shovel.
  • the bottom of the silo is provided with a closable bottom plate, and the bottom plate is connected to the fifth fly maggot separator motor through a worm turbine, and the fifth fly maggot separator motor and the fly ⁇ Separator control unit Connected.
  • the technical process adopted by the present invention is to construct a fly maggot breeding process using the above-mentioned breeding equipment, the above process comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 preparing materials, preparing biomass waste in the silo, adding auxiliary materials to the biomass waste, and using the material mixer to adjust the moisture content of the biomass waste and serving as a culture material or bottom material.
  • Step 3 adjusting the preparation of the breeding equipment, adjusting the temperature control of the contact stratification of the culture bed to 25-37 degrees, and adjusting the temperature of the air to below 37 degrees.
  • Step 4 the first feeding on the first day, using the above feeding machine, evenly laying the cultured bottom material adjusted in the first step in the culture bed, the thickness of the culture bottom material is 1-5 cm, and the bottom material is cultured. Water content is 45-75%
  • Step 5 the second feeding on the first day, adding a culture material having a water content of 45-95%, the addition amount of the culture material is ⁇ 20 kg per square; and the first feeding and the second feeding interval ⁇ 4-16 hours;
  • Step 6 The next day, continue to add a culture material with a water content of 45-95%, repeat steps 3 and 5, the culture material at least l-20kg / m each time, the rest of the day and steps and steps 3. Same as in step 5, and ventilate 1 or 2 times a day;
  • Step 7 On the third day - the nth day, the culture material having a water content of 45%-95 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 is added, the daytime, the steps, the number of times
  • the amount of the primer used and the number of ventilations are the same as those in step 5;
  • Step 8 On the n+1th day, the addition of the culture material is stopped, and the fly maggots cultured in the plurality of culture beds are manually or using a fly maggot separator to perform the separation of the manure;
  • Step IX the fresh mash separated in the step VII is washed with water in the washing machine, and sent to a dryer for drying to obtain a simmer.
  • the above-mentioned cubs are Musca domestica, Pisces, Silky Green Fly, Big-headed Golden Fly, Copper Green Fly, Red-headed Fly, Roe Fly, Brown-tailed Fly, and Leech.
  • the biomass waste is animal waste, kitchen waste, and biomass processing waste
  • the auxiliary materials are chicken and duck feces, squeezed feces, wood chips, alfalfa, mushroom, and orange.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a breeding plant of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a breeding workshop and a movable ceiling of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial detailed view of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heating bed of a culture bed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a control schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a feeder of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first nozzle and a feeding mechanism of the feeder of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a second nozzle and a feeding mechanism of the feeder of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a third nozzle and a feeding mechanism of the feeder of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a fly maggot separator of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a rear elevational view of the fly maggot separator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of a fly maggot separator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a collecting device of a fly maggot separator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the bottom plate of the bottom of the silo of the fly maggot separator and the motor of the fifth fly maggot separator.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the second technical scheme of the feeding device of the fly maggot separator of the present invention.
  • the large-scale high-efficiency fly maggot breeding apparatus comprises at least one breeding workshop with a multi-functional ceiling 1 , and at least one of the two rows of cloth tracks is arranged in the breeding workshop 2
  • the traveling feeder 3 has a main rail 4 suspended in front of one end of the cloth rail 2, and the main rail 4 is provided with a railcar 5 for transferring the feeder 3 between different fabric rails, and the railcar 5 is horizontally perpendicular to
  • the apparatus also includes a switchboard control unit for controlling the operation of the feeder 3 and the railcar 5, and the switchboard control unit 8 is connected to an alarm.
  • the apparatus also includes at least one silo, the silo being connected to the breeding workshop or independent of the breeding workshop; and at least one material agitator, a fly maggot separator, a washing machine, and a dryer.
  • As an auxiliary equipment for the whole large-scale high-efficiency fly maggot breeding equipment it constitutes a complete breeding process, which makes the whole fly maggot breeding efficient and efficient, and has high production efficiency and convenient formation of large-scale production.
  • the breeding workshop can be produced on a large scale.
  • the switchboard unit 8 detects the collected temperature, humidity, or fault signal, the alarm sends an alarm to notify the workshop manager and the cockroach to prevent the culture temperature from being too high. Occurs to prevent rapid changes in maggots.
  • the same invention adopts the orbital transfer machine 3, and the breeding bed and the feeding process are unified into one body, which can complete the feeding and breeding in the whole fly maggot breeding process in a large scale and high efficiency, and overcome the current box type and cage type.
  • the method of fly larvae culture, such as culture racks and breeding ponds cannot be efficiently and large-scale production or practical industrial application, with low production efficiency, labor intensity and difficult working conditions.
  • the bottom of the culture bed 7 is provided with a temperature-controllable insulation layer, and the insulation layer comprises a contact layer 71, a heat conduction layer 72 in turn, and a heat conduction medium 75 containing water or oil is disposed in the heat conduction layer, and the heat conduction layer is disposed.
  • the electromagnetic heating pipe 73 is connected to the farm bed temperature control device 74 through a circuit, and the farm bed temperature control device 74 is electrically connected to the switchboard control device 8, and the farm bed temperature control device 74 is also disposed at intervals.
  • the farm bed temperature sensor within the contact layer 71 is electrically coupled to a medium temperature sensor disposed within the heat transfer medium 75.
  • the insulation layer is set so that the temperature of the culture base can be maintained in the most suitable temperature range for the fly maggots, whether in winter or summer, avoiding the prior art scaled fly maggot breeding seasons.
  • the effects of different temperatures can be scaled and produced efficiently throughout the year.
  • the multifunctional ceiling 1 includes a movable awning 12 controlled by the air temperature control device 11, and the air temperature control device 11 is electrically connected to the switchboard control device 8; a plurality of transparent plastic ceilings 13 are disposed below the movable awning 12 A cooling sprinkler pipe 14 is further disposed between the plastic ceiling 13 and the movable awning 12, and a sump 15 for collecting rainwater and spouting water in the sprinkler pipe is further disposed between any two transparent plastic ceilings 13.
  • the air temperature control unit 11 is set to effectively control the humidity and temperature of the air to prevent excessive or excessive temperatures.
  • the breeding workshop is kept in the temperature and humidity range which is most suitable for the growth of maggots.
  • the bottom of the sump 15 is connected to the water curtain inlet pipe 16 disposed at the bottom of the plastic ceiling 13, and the water curtain inlet pipe 16 is connected to the water curtain machine disposed on the side wall of the multifunctional ceiling, and the water curtain inlet pipe 16 is further provided.
  • There is a water pump, a water pump and a water curtain machine are electrically connected to the air temperature control device 11 through a circuit, and the air temperature control device 11 is electrically connected to the switchboard control device 8.
  • the sump 15 will be used to collect the temperature and humidified water for circulation of the cooling curtain, to prevent waste of water resources, and to save production costs.
  • the top and bottom of the plastic ceiling 13 are provided with an air temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and the side wall of the plastic ceiling 13 is further provided with an electric roller blind 17, an air temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and an electric roller blind 17 are provided.
  • the air temperature control device 11 is electrically connected. Electric roller blinds are ventilated every day to prevent the environment of fly maggots from deteriorating.
  • the switchboard control unit 8 is also connected to a data input device and an output device, and the data output device includes a printer and a computer.
  • the input device may be a digital touch display or a push button type, and is preferably a touch display type in this embodiment.
  • the data output device includes a printer and a computer for dynamically collecting data from the entire breeding process to provide evidence or data for future production.
  • a feeding machine includes a feeder railcar 3-2, and the feeder railcar 3-2 is provided with a railcar 3 perpendicular to the feeder. 2 moving platform 3-3 moving in the direction of movement, said mobile platform 3-3
  • the mounting hole is provided with a hopper 3-401, and the lower bottom of the hopper 3-401 is connected with at least one hopper 3-402, and the hopper 3-402 is
  • the detached connection has a nozzle 3-403, and a feeding mechanism is coaxially arranged in the nozzle 3-403. According to different mounting manners of the nozzles 3-403, the feeding mechanism and the rail car are connected and installed at different positions. For details, see Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3. [0067] Referring to FIGS. 6-9, the feeder railcar 3-2 is further provided with a feeder control device 3-6.
  • the feeder control unit 3-6 is used to control the operation of the entire feeder rail car 3-2. The same is connected to and controlled by the switchboard control unit 8, which also controls the operation of the fly maggot separator.
  • the bottom of the feeder rail car 3-2 is further provided with a first motor 3-7 for driving the feeder railcar, the first motor 3-7 and the feeding.
  • the machine control unit 3-6 is electrically connected, and the first motor 3-7 further includes a continuously variable transmission.
  • the feeder control unit 3-6 can precisely control the traveling speed of the railcar through the first motor 3-7 and the stepless speed changer provided thereon.
  • the feeder rail car 3-2 is further provided with a manual signal input device and a wireless signal device electrically connected to the feeder control device 3-6, and the manual signal
  • the input device includes a digital liquid crystal display 3-8 fixed to the outer side wall of the feeder rail car 3-2.
  • the wireless signal device includes a wireless signal receiving device 3-9 and a handheld wireless signal transmitter that are fixed on the feeder rail car 3-2.
  • the wireless signal receiving device 3-9 is electrically connected to the feeder control device 3-6.
  • the manual signal input device can be used to input the feeding distance of the feeder rail car and the moving speed and distance of the mobile platform.
  • the wireless remote control device can be used to wirelessly remotely control the feeder rail car according to different driving speeds and driving directions, so as to keep employees away.
  • the dirty production environment makes the work with very high labor intensity easy and simple, greatly improving the productivity of employees and the working environment.
  • the two ends of the bottom of the mobile platform 3-3 are respectively provided with a horizontal slide rail 3-301 connected to the feeder rail car 3-2, and the slide rail 3-301 and The inside of the mobile platform 3-3 is further provided with a parallel ball screw, the ball screw is connected to and driven by the second motor 3-302, and the second motor 3-302 passes through the circuit. It is electrically connected to the feeder control device 3-6.
  • the cloth track 3-2 is filled with parallel wefts with a certain interval, and the next feeding hopper is used to control and adjust the moving platform 3-3 to move a certain distance, so that The nozzle 3-403 is between the position of the previous feeding and feeding, and the feeder rail car 3-2 is controlled to be fed again, and the position of the material dragon will be different from the previous one.
  • the feeding mechanism includes at least one auger 3-051, one end of the auger 3-051 is inserted in the nozzle 3-403, and the other end is connected to the third motor. 3-502
  • the nozzle 3-403 includes a first nozzle or a second nozzle or a third nozzle, and the first nozzle is further provided with a gate 3 that can be closed.
  • the gate 3-404 is connected to the push rod 3-405, the push rod 3-405 and the stepping motor 3-406 fixed on the feeder rail car 3-2
  • the stepper motor 3-406 is electrically coupled to the feeder control unit 3-6 via a circuit.
  • the other structures of the feeder are the same as those in Embodiment 2. Only the nozzle and the correspondingly disposed feeding mechanism are installed at different positions, and the third nozzle includes a horizontally placed T-shaped hollow cylinder. Body, the cylinder comprises a connecting cylinder 3-407 and a discharge cylinder 3-408, the discharge cylinder 3-408
  • At least one of the discharge ports 3-409 is disposed on the discharge port 3-409, and a curved valve 43-10 is disposed on the discharge port 3-409, and the horizontal auger 3-411 is inserted into the connection cylinder 3-407.
  • the other structures of the feeder are the same as those in the embodiment 2. Only the nozzle and the correspondingly disposed feeding mechanism are installed at different positions, and the second nozzle includes the connector 3-412 and The connected corrugated bendable hose 3-413 can be bent 360 degrees, and the auger (not shown) is also inserted in the connector 3-412.
  • a fly maggot separator includes a fly maggot separator body 9-1 and a feeding device disposed at the front end thereof, and the feeding device is fixed to the fly maggot separator.
  • the front end of the car body 9-1 for conveying the fly maggot and the grooved silo 9-3 is connected, and the silo 9-3 is provided with a vertical lifting device, and the top of the lifting device is further provided with a vertical a cleaning device for reciprocating movement in the direction of movement of the vehicle body, the two ends of the lifting device are also suspended and connected with a gate 9-402 through a connecting rod 9-401, and the gate 9-402 is in close contact with the end surface of the notch at both ends of the silo 9-3.
  • a collecting device fixed to the vehicle body is further provided on the lower side of the end face.
  • the feeding device includes a first conveyor belt 9-20 driven by the first fly maggot separator motor, and the front end of the first conveyor belt 9-201 is further provided with a reversible first
  • the shovel 9-202 has a retractable push rod 9-203 below the first shovel.
  • the feeding device is used to continuously supply the silo 9-3 of the fly maggot separator during driving, so that no manual feeding is required, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
  • Peer-to-peer also has a wide range of work adaptations, and can be used in various situations.
  • the second technical solution of the feeding device includes a second conveyor belt 9-204, and the second conveyor belt 9-204 is inclined downward and the ground angle is 60 degrees or less.
  • Second conveyor belt 9-204 The front end is pivotally provided with a second shovel 9-205.
  • the second conveyor belt 9-204 which is disposed obliquely, is conveyed rearward and upward to convey the culture medium into the silo 9-3.
  • the second shovel 9-205 at the front end of the same turret is rotatably designed.
  • the shovel 9-205 is raised to the top and rotated at a certain angle, so that the distance between the front end of the shovel 9-205 and the ground is increased and completely detached; when the culture medium is needed, the opposite operation can be performed.
  • This solution has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
  • the lifting device includes a bracket 9-403 suspended above the silo 9-3, and the bracket 9-403 is bottom and vertical.
  • the first worm 9-404 disposed directly on the side wall of the silo 9-3 is connected to the sliding guide rod 9-405, and the first worm 9-404 is passed through the gear set and the vertical
  • the spindles of the second fly maggot separator motor 9-406 are connected in series.
  • the lifting device is used to adjust the cleaning device in the cleaning plate and the silo
  • the relative height is such that the height of the cleaning plate is continuously lowered, and the layers are scraped off.
  • the cleaning device can scrape off the material layer in an accurate layer, thereby replacing the manual manual cleaning, and the person is physically labored.
  • the cleaning device includes a crossbar 9-501, a middle portion of the crossbar 9-501 is vertically suspended with a cleaning plate 9-502, and a slider 9 is fixed at one end of the crossbar 9-501.
  • Slider 9-503 slides on the slide rail 9-504 set on the top of the bracket 9-401, the crossbar
  • the other end of the 9-501 is provided with a second worm 9-505, and the second worm 9-505 is connected to the main shaft of the third fly maggot separator motor 9-506 horizontally disposed at the top of the bracket 9-401.
  • the collecting device comprises a beveled collection box 9-601 with a bevel and a maggot collecting box 602 with a bevel, and a collection box and a maggot collecting box are further provided.
  • the locking portion 9-604, the electromagnetic locking portion 9-604 is matched with the electromagnetic lock 9-605 respectively disposed on the material collecting box and the vehicle body, and the electromagnetic lock 9-605 is also connected to the sensing gate height The journey is connected to 9-606.
  • the flywheel separating machine body 9-1 is provided with a light source device 9-303 suspended above the cleaning device, and the bottom ends of the light source device are respectively connected with the sliding guide rods 9-405.
  • the light source is an infrared light source or an incandescent light.
  • the sliding guide rod is both a guiding member for vertically lifting the lifting device and a supporting member for the light source device.
  • the bottom of the vehicle body 1 is further provided with a fourth fly maggot separator motor 9-101 for driving the fly maggot separator.
  • the vehicle body is further provided with a control device, and the control device is separated from the first fly maggot separator motor, the second fly maggot separator motor 9-406, and the third fly maggot by the circuit respectively.
  • the machine motor 9-506, the fourth fly maggot separator motor 9-101, and the signal input device are connected, and the signal input device includes the fly maggot separator touch screen 9-7.
  • the invention is used for the biomass separation of fly maggots after the biotransformation, and the equipment for mechanically separating the maggots from the material is used to replace the manual cleaning and separation.
  • the invention utilizes the biological habit of naturalizing cockroaches after the maturation and development of the fly maggot, and needs the characteristics of pupation in a dark and dry environment, and the culture medium of the larvae growth stage (3-15 days) has been separated from the maggots.
  • Plate 9-502 scrapes the upper layer of the culture medium (swept in).
  • the first cover 9-603 is closed on the fly maggot collecting box 9-602.
  • the process is automatically synchronized by the height parameter preset in the control device, that is, each time the fly maggot automatically moves to the lower layer of the culture substrate, the cleaning device scrapes (sweeps in) the culture medium into the collection device once, until The culture substrate is separated from the fly maggot.
  • the trap 9-402 just touches the stroke 9-606, and the trip 9-606 sends an electrical signal to the fly maggot collection box 9- 602
  • Electromagnetic lock 9-605, electromagnetic lock 9-605 electromagnetic slamming and locking part 9-604 (the locking part is steel, the electromagnetic lock attracts the locking part 9-604 by the magnetic force generated by the electric current) Disengaged, under the action of the torsion spring of the pivotal end of the first cover 9-603, the first cover 9-603 is rotated and covered on the material collection box 9-601 and locked on the material collection box 9-601.
  • the electric signal is sent to the same position of the locking portion 9-604 provided on the fly maggot collecting box 9-602 at the stroke switch 9-606, and an electric signal is sent to the control device at the stroke switch 9-606, and the control device is at a standstill. After a certain period of time, the cleaning device is controlled, and all the maggots are repeatedly swept to the fly maggot collection box 9-602 on both sides of the fly maggot separator.
  • FIGS. 10-15 in conjunction with Embodiment 5, another fly maggot separator of the present invention is provided with all the components of the fly maggot separator as described in Example 5, and the silo 9-3
  • the bottom of the warehouse is also provided with a bottom plate 9-301 which can be closed, and the bottom plate 9-301 is connected with the fifth fly maggot separator motor 9-302 through the worm gear and the gear set, and the fifth fly maggot separator motor 9-302 and the control device Electrical connection.
  • the separated fly maggots are separated from the bottom of the fly maggot separator by means of bottom discharge.
  • the fly maggot breeding process of the large-scale efficient fly maggot breeding device comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Material preparation, biomass waste is prepared in the silo, and auxiliary materials are added to the biomass waste, and the material mixer is used to adjust the moisture content of the biomass waste and serve as a culture material or a bottom material.
  • Step two preparation and hatching of the fly eggs.
  • Step 3 Prepare the adjustment of the breeding equipment, adjust the temperature control of the contact layer 71 of the culture bed 7 to 25-37 degrees, and adjust the temperature of the air to below 37 degrees.
  • the temperature of the contact layer 71 is 32 degrees, preferably the air temperature is 35 degrees.
  • Step 4 the first feeding on the first day, using the feeder 3 of claim 1, uniformly leveling the cultured bottom material in the first step in the culture bed 7, and the thickness of the culture bottom material is 1-5.
  • the centrifugation, the moisture content of the culture base is 45-75%, and then the pups propagated in the second step are sowed into the culture bottom, per gram of inoculant.
  • Step 5 the second feeding on the first day, adding a culture material having a water content of 45-95%, the addition amount of the culture material is ⁇ 20 kg per square; and the first feeding and the second feeding interval ⁇ The room is 4-16 hours.
  • Step 6 The next day, continue to add the culture material with a water content of 45-95%, repeat steps 3 and 5, the culture material at least l-20kg/m 2 each time, the rest of the day and steps and steps
  • the third step is the same as in step five, and is ventilated 1 or 2 times a day.
  • Step 7 On the third day - the nth day, the culture material having the water content of 45%-95 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 is added, the daytime, the steps, the number of times
  • the amount of the primer used and the number of ventilations are the same as those in step 5;
  • Step 8 On the n+1th day, the addition of the culture bottom material is stopped, and the fly maggots cultured in the plurality of culture beds are manually or used to separate the manure from the fly maggot separator.
  • Step IX the fresh mash separated in the step VIII is washed in a washing machine, and sent to a dryer for drying.
  • the young cub is a housefly, a housefly, a silky green fly, a big-headed golden fly, a chlorophyll fly, a red-headed fly, a scorpion fly, a brown-tailed fly, and a leeches.
  • housefly is preferably used.
  • the biomass waste is animal waste, kitchen waste, biomass processing waste, and the auxiliary materials are chicken and duck feces, squeezed feces, wood chips, alfalfa, mushroom, orange stalk, A combination of one or more of tea leaves and bran.
  • the biomass waste is pig manure, and the auxiliary materials are medlar and mushroom.

Abstract

公开了一种规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺,蝇蛆设备包括至少一个带多功能顶棚(1)的养殖车间,养殖车间内设有至少一台沿着双列型布料轨道(2)行驶的加料机(3),布料轨道(2)的一端的前方垂设有主轨道(4),主轨道(4)上设有供加料机(3)在不同布料轨道(2)间转移的轨道车(5),轨道车(5)上设有水平垂直于主轨道(4)的转移轨道(6),转移轨道(6)的高度与布料轨道(2)的高度一致,布料轨道(2)的两列轨道之间的车间地面构成一个供蝇蛆养殖的养殖床(7),还包括连接有报警器的总机控制装置(8)。上述规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺,可以实现蝇蛆的不间断流水线养殖,不受气候温度的影响,自动化程度高,能够实现蝇蛆的规模化和高效率生产。

Description

规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及蝇蛆养殖领域, 具体为一种规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺。
背景技术
[0002] 现有技术的蝇蛆的养殖方法主要分为采用箱式、 笼式、 养殖架等方法, 如申请 号为 201210116603的一套规模化蝇蛆养殖设备及其使用方法即为此一种具有代 表性的养殖方法之一, 此类养殖方法结构较复杂, 操作程序较繁琐, 很多步骤 需要人工操作, 工人劳动强度大, 生产效率较低, 只能进行小规模生产, 无法 真正实现产业化大规模高效率生产, 严重制约了蝇蛆养殖的产业化发展和应用
[0003] 利用生物质废弃物大规模养殖蝇蛆吋, 需要每天进行补充加料, 现有技术是通 过人工手动加料来完成, 不但费吋费力、 效率低, 而且劳动强度大、 工人劳动 工作环境差。 随着社会的发展, 劳动力成本逐年升高, 生物质废弃物加料这种 特殊工种, 受到的冲击由其明显, 因此, 蝇蛆养殖行业急需一种能够大大降低 劳动强度, 提高加料效率, 能实现自动化操作的加料机。
[0004] 生物质废弃物养殖蝇蛆后, 实现蝇蛆与料澄的相分离, 现有技术是通过人工利 用简易机械来完成, 不但费吋费力、 效率低, 而且劳动强度大、 工人劳动工作 环境差, 而随着社会的发展, 劳动力成本逐年升高, 蝇蛆与料澄分离工作岗位 这种特殊工种岗位, 受到的冲击由其明显, 因此, 蝇蛆养殖行业急需一种能够 大大降低劳动强度, 提高蝇蛆与料澄分离效率, 自动化的蝇蛆分离机。
[0005] 发明内容
[0006] 为了解决上述缺点, 本发明提供了一种规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺, 目的 在于解决现有技术蝇蛆养殖结构复杂, 操作程序较繁琐, 很多步骤需要人工操 作, 工人劳动强度大, 生产效率较低, 只能进行小规模生产, 无法真正进行产 业化大规模高效率生产, 严重制约了蝇蛆养殖的产业化发展和应用的缺点。
[0007] 本发明采用的技术方案是, 构建一种规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 所述设备包括 至少一个带多功能顶棚的养殖车间, 所述养殖车间内设有至少一台沿着双列型 布料轨道行驶的加料机, 所述布料轨道的一端的前方垂设有主轨道, 所述主轨 道上设有供所述加料机在不同布料轨道间转移的轨道车, 所述轨道车上设有水 平垂直于主轨道的转移轨道, 所述转移轨道的高度与所述布料轨道的高度一致 , 所述布料轨道的两列轨道之间的车间地面构成一个供蝇蛆养殖的养殖床; 所 述设备还包括用于控制所述加料机和轨道车运转的总机控制装置, 所述总机控 制装置连接有报警器; 所述设备还包括至少一个料仓, 所述料仓与所述养殖车 间相连或独立于养殖车间之外; 还包括至少一台物料搅拌机、 一台蝇蛆分离机 、 一台清洗机、 一台烘干机。
[0008] 进一步地, 所述养殖床的底部设有温度可控的保温层, 所述保温层依次包括接 触分层、 导热分层, 所述导热分层内设有由含有水或者油的导热介质, 所述导 热分层内还环设有电磁加热管道, 所述电磁加热管道通过电路与养殖床温度控 制装置相连, 所述养殖床温度控制装置与所述总机控制装置电连接, 所述养殖 床温度控制装置还与间隔均设于接触分层内的养殖床温度传感器和设于导热介 质内的介质温度传感器电连接。
[0009] 进一步地, 所述多功能顶棚包括由空气温度控制装置控制幵闭的活动遮阳棚, 所述空气温度控制装置与所述总机控制装置电连接; 所述活动遮阳棚的下方设 有多个透明塑料顶棚, 所述塑料顶棚与所述活动遮阳棚之间还设有降温喷水管 , 任意两个透明塑料顶棚之间还设有用于收集雨水和喷水管中喷出水流的集水 槽; 所述集水槽的底部连接设于所述塑料顶棚下底的水帘进水管, 所述水帘进 水管连接设于多功能顶棚四周侧壁的水帘机, 所述水帘进水管上还设有水泵, 所述水泵和所述水帘机通过电路与所述空气温度控制装置电连接, 所述空气温 度控制装置与所述总机控制装置电连接;
[0010] 所述塑料顶棚的顶部和下底均设有空气温度传感器和湿度传感器, 所述塑料顶 棚的四周侧壁还设有多个电动卷帘, 所述空气温度传感器、 与湿度传感器、 电 动卷帘均与所述空气温度控制装置电连接;
[0011] 所述总机控制装置还连接有数据输入装置和输出装置, 所述数据输出装置包括 打印机和电脑。 [0012] 进一步地, 所述加料机包括在布料轨道上运动的加料机输送车, 所述加料机输 送车上设有可垂直于加料机输送车运动方向移动的移动平台, 所述加料机输送 车上设有加料机控制装置; 所述移动平台上设有安装孔, 所述安装孔内可拆卸 的插接有料斗, 所述料斗的下底连接有至少一个分料斗, 所述分料斗上可拆卸 的连接有料嘴, 所述料嘴内同轴设有送料机构; 所述移动平台底部的两端分别 设有与加料机输送车相连的水平滑轨、 所述滑轨与设置在所述移动平台一端的 内部还设有与平行的滚珠丝杠、 所述滚珠丝杠与第二电机相连并由其驱动, 所 述第二电机通过电路与所述加料机控制装置电连接; 所述加料机输送车底部还 设有与驱动轨道车的第一电机, 所述第一电机与所述加料机控制装置电连接, 所述第一电机还包括无级变速器。
[0013] 所述加料机输送车上还设有与所述加料机控制装置电连接的手动信号输入装置 和无线信号装置, 所述手动信号输入装置包括固定在所述加料机输送车外侧壁 的数字液晶显示屏, 所述无线信号装置包括固定在所述加料机输送车上的无线 信号接收装置和手持无线信号发送器, 所述无线信号接收装置与所述加料机控 制装置电连接。
[0014] 进一步地, 所述送料机构包括至少一个搅龙, 所述搅龙的一端插在所述料嘴内 , 另一端与第三电机的主轴相连, 所述第三电机固定在所述所述加料机输送车 上, 所述第二电机与所述加料机控制装置电连接。
[0015] 进一步地, 所述加料机, 所述料嘴包括第一料嘴或第二料嘴或第三料嘴, 所述 第一料嘴上还设有可幵闭的闸门, 所述闸门与的推杆相连, 所述推杆与固定在 所述加料机输送车上的步进电机相连, 所述步进电机通过电路与加料机控制装 置电连接; 所述第三料嘴包括水平放置的 τ型中空筒体, 所述筒体包括连接筒和 出料筒, 所述连接筒内插接有水平搅龙, 所述出料筒上设有至少三个出料口, 所述出料口上均设有弧形阀门; 所述第二料嘴包括连接头和与其相连的可 360度 弯折的波纹可弯折软管。
[0016] 进一步地, 所述蝇蛆分离机包括车体和设在其前端的加料装置, 所述加料装置 与固定在所述车体上用于输送蝇蛆及料澄的凹槽形料仓的前端相连, 所述料仓 上设有竖直升降装置, 所述升降装置的顶部还设有可垂直于车体运动方向作往 复运动的清扫装置, 所述升降装置的两端还通过连接杆悬挂连接有闸门, 所述 闸门贴紧所述料仓两端槽口的端面, 所述端面的侧下方还分别设有固定在车体 上的收集装置;
[0017] 所述加料装置包括由第一蝇蛆分离机电机带动的第一输送带, 所述第一输送带 的前端还设有可翻转的第一料铲, 所述第一料铲的下方还设有可伸缩的推杆。
[0018] 所述升降装置包括悬设在料仓上方的支架, 所述支架底部与竖直设在所述料仓 侧壁的第一蜗杆和滑动导向杆相连, 所述第一蜗杆通过齿轮组与竖直设置的第 二蝇蛆分离机电机的主轴相连。
[0019] 所述清扫装置包括横杆, 所述横杆的中部竖直悬接有清扫板, 所述横杆的一端 固定有滑块, 所述滑块套在设于所述支架顶部的滑轨上滑动, 所述横杆的另一 端设有第二蜗杆, 所述第二蜗杆与水平设置在所述支架顶部的第三蝇蛆分离机 电机的主轴相连;
[0020] 所述收集装置包括带斜口的料澄收集盒和带斜口的蝇蛆收集盒, 所述料澄收集 盒和蝇蛆收集盒之间还设有可枢转并两侧锁紧的第一盖板, 所述第一盖板枢接 端设有扭簧, 所述第一盖板的另一端上设有电磁幵关的锁扣部, 所述电磁幵关 的锁扣部与分别设置在所述料澄收集盒上和车体上的电磁锁相匹配, 所述电磁 锁还与感应闸门高度的行程幵关相连;
[0021] 所述车体上方设有悬设于所述清扫装置上方的光源装置, 所述光源装置底部两 端分别与滑动导向杆相连, 所述光源为红外光源或者白炽灯;
[0022] 所述车体的底部还设有用于驱动的蝇蛆分离机的第四蝇蛆分离机电机;
[0023] 所述车体上还设有蝇蛆分离机控制装置和信号输入装置, 所述蝇蛆分离机控制 装置通过电路分别与第一蝇蛆分离机电机、 第二蝇蛆分离机电机、 第三蝇蛆分 离机电机、 第四蝇蛆分离机电机、 信号输入装置相连, 所述信号输入装置包括 蝇蛆分离机触摸屏。
[0024] 进一步地, 或所述加料装置包括第二输送带, 所述第二输送带向下倾斜设置且 地面角度小于等于度, 所述第二输送带前端可枢转的设有第二料铲。
[0025] 进一步地, 所述料仓的仓底设有可幵闭的底板, 所述底板通过蜗杆涡轮与第五 蝇蛆分离机电机相连, 所述第五蝇蛆分离机电机与所述蝇蛆分离机控制装置电 连接。
[0026] 本发明采用的技术工艺是, 构建一种使用上述养殖设备的蝇蛆养殖工艺, 上述 工艺包括以下步骤:
[0027] 步骤一: 物料准备, 在所述料仓中准备好生物质废弃物, 并对生物质废弃物添 加辅料, 使用所述物料搅拌机, 调节生物质废弃物的含水率并作为培养料或底 料。
[0028] 步骤二, 蝇卵的准备和孵化;
[0029] 步骤三, 养殖设备的调整准备, 将养殖床的接触分层的温度控制调整到 25-37 度, 将空气的温度调整到 37度以下。
[0030] 步骤四, 第一天第一次加料, 利用上述加料机, 在养殖床中均匀平整铺设步骤 一中调整好的培养底料, 培养底料厚度为 1-5公分, 培养底料的含水率为 45-75%
, 之后将步骤二中繁殖的幼蛆撒种到培养底料中, 每克接种剂中含幼蛆 2200-700
0条;
[0031] 步骤五,第一天第二次加料, 再加含水率为 45-95%的培养料, 培养料添加量为 每平方 l〜20kg; 且第一次加料和第二次加料间隔吋间为 4-16小吋;
[0032] 步骤六: 第二天, 继续加含水率为 45-95%的培养料, 重复步骤三和步骤五, 培 养料每次至少 l-20kg/m 2、 其余吋间和步骤均与步骤三和步骤五中相同, 并每天 通风 1到 2次;
[0033] 步骤七: 第三天-第 n天, 添加含水率为 45%-95<¾的培养料, 吋间、 步骤、 次数
、 培养底料用量、 通风次数均与步骤五中相同;
[0034] 步骤八: 第 n+1天, 停止添加培养料, 将多个养殖床内养殖的蝇蛆进行人工或 使用蝇蛆分离机实施蛆粪分离;
[0035] 步骤九, 将步骤七中分离的鲜蛆在所述清洗机中进行水洗, 并输送到烘干机中 烘干, 得到蛆干。 较佳地, 上述幼蛆为家蝇, 市蝇, 丝光绿蝇, 大头金蝇, 铜 绿蝇, 红头丽蝇, 厩腐蝇, 棕尾别麻蝇, 水虻。
[0036] 较佳地, 步骤一中上述生物质废弃物为动物粪便、 餐厨余物、 生物质加工废弃 物, 上述辅料为鸡鸭粪便、 挤压粪、 木屑、 砻糠、 菇澄、 桔秆、 茶叶澄、 麸皮 中的一种或几种的组合。 [0037] 与现有技术相比, 本发明所提供的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺, 可以实现 蝇蛆的不间断流水线式养殖, 不受气候温度的影响, 自动化程度高, 能够实现 蝇蛆的规模化和高效率生产。
技术问题
问题的解决方案
发明的有益效果
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0038] 图 1为本发明的养殖车间结构示意图。
[0039] 图 2为本发明的养殖车间与活动顶棚的结构示意图。
[0040] 图 3为图 2的局部详细图。
[0041] 图 4为本发明的养殖床保温层的结构示意图。
[0042] 图 5为本发明的控制原理图。
[0043] 图 6为本发明的加料机的示意图。
[0044] 图 7为本发明加料机的第一料嘴和送料机构的示意图。
[0045] 图 8为本发明加料机的第二料嘴和送料机构的示意图。
[0046] 图 9为本发明加料机的第三料嘴和送料机构的示意
[0047] 图 10为本发明的蝇蛆分离机立体示意图。
[0048] 图 11为本发明的蝇蛆分离机后视图。
[0049] 图 12为本发明的蝇蛆分离机侧视图。
[0050] 图 13为本发明蝇蛆分离机的收集装置的结构示意图。
[0051] 图 14为本发明蝇蛆分离机的料仓底部的底板和第五蝇蛆分离机电机的示意图。
[0052] 图 15为本发明蝇蛆分离机加料装置的第二种技术方案示意图
[0053] 具体实施方式
[0054] 在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。 但是本发明能够 以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施, 本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发 明内涵的情况下做类似推广, 因此本发明不受下面公幵的具体实施例的限制。 [0055] 下面结合附图和实施例, 对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的说明。
[0056] 实施例 1
[0057] 在本实施例中, 结合附图, 对本发明的结构进行详细描述。
[0058] 请参见图 1至图 5, 本发明提供的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备包括至少一个带多功 能顶棚 1的养殖车间, 养殖车间内设有至少一台沿着双列型布料轨道 2行驶的加 料机 3, 布料轨道 2的一端的前方垂设有主轨道 4, 主轨道 4上设有供加料机 3在不 同布料轨道间转移的轨道车 5, 轨道车 5上设有水平垂直于主轨道 4的转移轨道 6 , 转移轨道 6的高度与布料轨道 2的高度一致, 布料轨道 2的两列轨道之间的车间 地面构成一个供蝇蛆养殖的养殖床 7。 设备还包括用于控制加料机 3和轨道车 5运 转的总机控制装置 8, 总机控制装置 8连接有报警器。 设备还包括至少一个料仓 , 料仓与养殖车间相连或独立于养殖车间之外; 还包括至少一台物料搅拌机、 一台蝇蛆分离机、 一台清洗机、 一台烘干机。 作为整个规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设 备的辅助设备, 构成一个完整的养殖流程, 使得整个蝇蛆养殖高效自动化, 生 产效率高, 方便形成规模化的生产。
[0059] 养殖车间可以规模化生产, 在总机控制装置 8检测到采集的温度、 湿度、 或者 故障等信号吋候, 报警器发出警报, 通知车间管理人员及吋处理, 防止出现培 养温度过高等现象发生, 防止蝇蛆快速蛹化。 同吋本发明采用轨道化转运的加 料机 3, 养殖床与加料过程统一成一体, 能够规模化、 高效化的完成整个蝇蛆养 殖过程中的加料和养殖, 克服了目前采用箱式、 笼式、 养殖架式、 养殖池等方 式的蝇蛆养殖方法无法高效大规模的生产或者实际产业化应用, 生产效率较低 , 劳动强度非常大, 工作条件艰苦的缺点。
[0060] 养殖床 7的底部设有温度可控的保温层, 保温层依次包括接触分层 71、 导热分 层 72, 导热分层内设有由含有水或者油的导热介质 75, 导热分层内还设有电磁 加热管道 73, 电磁加热管道 73通过电路与养殖床温度控制装置 74相连, 养殖床 温度控制装置 74与总机控制装置 8电连接, 养殖床温度控制装置 74还与间隔均设 于接触分层 71内的的养殖床温度传感器和设于导热介质 75内的介质温度传感器 电连接。 保温层的设置, 使得无论是冬天还是夏天, 培养底料的温度始终能保 持在蝇蛆最合适生长的温度区间, 避免了现有技术的规模化蝇蛆养殖受到四季 温度不同的影响, 一年四季均可规模化高效生产。
[0061] 多功能顶棚 1包括由空气温度控制装置 11控制幵闭的活动遮阳棚 12, 空气温度 控制装置 11与总机控制装置 8电连接; 活动遮阳棚 12的下方设有多个透明塑料顶 棚 13, 塑料顶棚 13与活动遮阳棚 12之间还设有降温喷水管 14, 任意两个透明塑 料顶棚 13之间还设有用于收集雨水和喷水管中喷出水流的集水槽 15。 空气温度 控制装置 11的设置, 有效控制空气的湿度和温度, 防止出现过高或者过低的温 度。 同吋保持养殖车间处于最适宜蝇蛆生长的温度、 湿度区间。
[0062] 集水槽 15的底部连接设于塑料顶棚 13下底的水帘进水管 16, 水帘进水管 16连接 设于多功能顶棚四周侧壁的水帘机, 水帘进水管 16上还设有水泵, 水泵和水帘 机通过电路与空气温度控制装置 11电连接, 空气温度控制装置 11与总机控制装 置 8电连接。 集水槽 15将用于将温度和加湿度的水收集起来, 供降温水帘循环使 用, 防止水资源的浪费, 同吋, 节约生产的成本。
[0063] 塑料顶棚 13的顶部和下底均设有空气温度传感器和湿度传感器, 塑料顶棚 13的 四周侧壁还设有电动卷帘 17, 空气温度传感器、 与湿度传感器、 电动卷帘 17均 与空气温度控制装置 11电连接。 电动卷帘每天定吋通风, 防止蝇蛆生长环境恶 化。
[0064] 总机控制装置 8还连接有数据输入装置和输出装置, 数据输出装置包括打印机 和电脑。 输入装置可以为数字触摸显示屏式或按键式, 本实施例中优选为触摸 显示屏式。 数据输出装置包括打印机和电脑, 用于将整个养殖过程的数据动态 收集, 为今后的生产提供证据或者数据备査。
[0065] 实施例 2
[0066] 请参见图 6-图 9, 一种加料机, 所述加料机包括加料机轨道车 3-2, 所述加料机 轨道车 3-2上设有可垂直于加料机轨道车 3-2运动方向移动的移动平台 3-3, 所述 移动平台 3-3
上设有安装孔, 所述安装孔内可拆卸的插接有料斗 3-401, 所述料斗 3-401的下底 连接有至少一个分料斗 3-402, 所述分料斗 3-402上可拆卸的连接有料嘴 3-403, 所述料嘴 3-403内同轴设有送料机构。 根据不同的料嘴 3-403的安装方式, 送料 机构与轨道车的连接和安装位置不同, 具体详见实施例 2和实施例 3。 [0067] 请参见图 6-图 9, 所述加料机轨道车 3-2上还设有加料机控制装置 3-6。 加料机控 制装置 3-6用于控制整个加料机轨道车 3-2的运转。 同吋并与总机控制装置 8相连 并由其控制, 总机控制装置 8还控制蝇蛆分离机的运行。
[0068] 请参见图 6-图 9, 所述加料机轨道车 3-2底部还设有与驱动加料机轨道车的第一 电机 3-7, 所述第一电机 3-7与所述加料机控制装置 3-6电连接, 所述第一电机 3-7 还包括无级变速器。 加料机控制装置 3-6通过第一电机 3-7及其上设置的无级变 速器, 可以精确的控制轨道车行走速度。
[0069] 请参见图 6-图 9, 所述加料机轨道车 3-2上还设有与所述加料机控制装置 3-6电 连接的手动信号输入装置和无线信号装置, 所述手动信号输入装置包括固定在 加料机轨道车 3-2外侧壁的数字液晶显示屏 3-8,
[0070] 所述无线信号装置包括固定在加料机轨道车 3-2上的无线信号接收装置 3-9和手 持无线信号发送器,
[0071] 所述无线信号接收装置 3-9与所述加料机控制装置 3-6电连接。 利用手动信号输 入装置可输入控制加料机轨道车的加料间距以及移动平台的移动速度和距离; 利用无线信号装置可以无线远程遥控加料机轨道车按照不同的行驶速度和行驶 方向进行加料, 让员工远离一线肮脏的生产环境, 使得劳动强度非常大的工作 变得轻松简单, 大大提高员工的生产效率以及工作环境。
[0072] 请参见图 6-图 9, 所述移动平台 3-3底部的两端分别设有与加料机轨道车 3-2相 连的水平滑轨 3-301、 所述滑轨 3-301与设置在所述移动平台 3-3—端的内部还设 有与平行的滚珠丝杠、 所述滚珠丝杠与第二电机 3-302相连并由其驱动, 所述第 二电机 3-302通过电路与所述加料机控制装置 3-6电连接。 加料机轨道车 3-2加料 一次后, 布料轨道 3-2之间布满了平行的具有一定间隔的料龙, 等下一次加料吋 , 控制并调节移动平台 3-3, 移动一定距离, 使得料嘴 3-403处于前一次加过料的 料龙位置之间, 控制加料机轨道车 3-2再次加料, 料龙位置将与前一次不同。
[0073] 请参见图 6-图 9, 所述送料机构包括至少一个搅龙 3-501, 所述搅龙 3-501的一端 插在所述料嘴 3-403内, 另一端与第三电机 3-502
的主轴相连, 所述第三电机 3-502固定在所述加料机轨道车 3-2上, 所述第二电 机 3-502与所述加料机控制装置 3-6电连接。 [0074] 请参见图 6-图 9, 所述料嘴 3-403包括第一料嘴或第二料嘴或第三料嘴, 所述第 一料嘴上还设有可幵闭的闸门 3-404, 所述闸门 3-404与的推杆 3-405相连, 所述 推杆 3-405与固定在加料机轨道车 3-2上的步进电机 3-406
相连, 所述步进电机 3-406通过电路与加料机控制装置 3-6电连接。
[0075] 实施例 3
[0076] 请参见图 6-图 9, 加料机其它结构均与实施例 2中相同, 仅料嘴及相应设置的送 料机构安装位置不同, 所述第三料嘴包括水平放置的 T型中空筒体, 所述筒体包 括连接筒 3-407和出料筒 3-408, 所述出料筒 3-408
上设有至少一个以上出料口 3-409, 所述出料口 3-409上均设有弧形阀门 43-10, 所述连接筒 3-407内插接有水平搅龙 3-411。
[0077] 实施例 4
[0078] 请参见图 6-图 9, 加料机其它结构均与实施例 2中相同, 仅料嘴及相应设置的送 料机构安装位置不同, 所述第二料嘴包括连接头 3-412和与其相连的可 360度弯 折的波纹可弯折软管 3-413, 连接头 3-412内同样插接有搅龙 (图中未画出) 。
[0079] 实施例 5
[0080] 请参见图 10-图 15, 一种蝇蛆分离机, 蝇蛆分离机包括蝇蛆分离机车体 9-1和设 在其前端的加料装置, 加料装置与固定在蝇蛆分离机车体 9-1上用于输送蝇蛆及 料澄的凹槽形料仓 9-3的前端相连, 料仓 9-3的上设有竖直升降装置, 升降装置 的顶部还设有可垂直于车体运动方向作往复运动的清扫装置, 升降装置的两端 还通过连接杆 9-401悬挂连接有闸门 9-402, 闸门 9-402贴紧料仓 9-3两端槽口的 端面, 端面的侧下方还分别设有固定在车体上的收集装置。
[0081] 请参见图 10-图 15, 加料装置包括由第一蝇蛆分离机电机带动的第一输送带 9-20 1, 第一输送带 9-201的前端还设有可翻转的第一料铲 9-202, 第一料铲的下方还 设有可伸缩的推杆 9-203。 加料装置用于在行驶过程中给蝇蛆分离机的料仓 9-3持 续不间断的供料, 从而无需通过人工来上料, 大大提高了工作效率。 同吋还具 有工作适应范围广, 各种情况的加料均可使用。
[0082] 请参见图 10-图 15, 加料装置的第二种技术方案包括第二输送带 9-204, 所述第 二输送带 9-204向下倾斜设置且地面角度小于等于 60度, 所述第二输送带 9-204 前端可枢转的设有第二料铲 9-205。 采用此方案吋, 当蝇蛆分离机车体 9-1往前行 驶的过程中, 第二料铲 9-205前端几乎与地面贴合, 倾斜的第二料铲 9-205将培 养基质铲起并由倾斜设置的第二输送带 9-204向后上方传送, 将培养基质输送进 入料仓 9-3中。 同吋前端的第二料铲 9-205为可转动设计, 在不需要加培养基质 的吋候, 拧动调节杆 9-206上的螺母 9-207, 料铲 9-205
底部的弹簧 9-208 (弹簧 9-208另一端固定在蝇蛆分离机车体 9-1
上) , 将料铲 9-205顶高并转动一定角度, 使得料铲 9-205前端与地面距离增大 并完全脱离; 需要加培养基质的吋候, 执行相反操作即可。 此方案具有结构简 单, 成本低廉的优点。
[0083] 请参见图 10-图 15, 升降装置包括悬设在料仓 9-3上方的支架 9-403, 支架 9-403 底部与竖
[0084] 直设在料仓 9-3侧壁的第一蜗杆 9-404和滑动导向杆 9-405相连, 第一蜗杆 9-404 通过齿轮组与竖
[0085] 直设置的第二蝇蛆分离机电机 9-406的主轴相连。 升降装置用于调节清扫装置 中清扫板与料仓中料澄的
[0086] 相对高度, 使得清扫板高度不断下降, 一层层的刮掉料澄。 通过自动调节升降 装置的高度,
[0087] 使得清扫装置可以精确的一层层刮掉料澄, 从而替代人工手动清扫, 将人从繁 重的体力劳
[0088] 动中解放出来。
[0089] 请参见图 10-图 15, 清扫装置包括横杆 9-501, 横杆 9-501的中部竖直悬接有清扫 板 9-502, 横杆 9-501的一端固定有滑块 9-503, 滑块 9-503套在设于支架 9-401顶 部的滑轨 9-504上滑动, 横杆
[0090] 9-501的另一端设有第二蜗杆 9-505, 第二蜗杆 9-505与水平设置在支架 9-401顶 部的第三蝇蛆分离机电机 9-506的主轴相连。
[0091] 请参见图 10-图 15, 收集装置包括带斜口的料澄收集盒 9-601和带斜口的蝇蛆收 集盒 602, 料澄收集盒和蝇蛆收集盒之间还设有可枢转并两侧锁紧的第一盖板 9-6 03, 第一盖板 9-603枢接端设有扭簧, 第一盖板 9-603的另一端上设有电磁幵关 的锁扣部 9-604, 电磁幵关的锁扣部 9-604与分别设置在料澄收集盒上和车体上的 电磁锁 9-605相匹配, 电磁锁 9-605还与感应闸门高度的行程幵关 9-606相连。
[0092] 请参见图 10-图 15, 蝇蛆分离机车体 9-1上方设有悬设于清扫装置上方的光源装 置 9-303, 光源装置底部两端分别与滑动导向杆 9-405相连, 光源为红外光源或者 白炽灯。 滑动导向杆既为升降装置竖直升降的导向部件, 又作为光源装置的支 撑部件,
[0093] 请参见图 10-图 15, 车体 1的底部还设有用于驱动的蝇蛆分离机的第四蝇蛆分离 机电机 9-101。
[0094] 请参见图 10-图 15, 车体上还设有控制装置, 控制装置通过电路分别与第一蝇 蛆分离机电机、 第二蝇蛆分离机电机 9-406、 第三蝇蛆分离机电机 9-506、 第四蝇 蛆分离机电机 9-101、 信号输入装置相连, 信号输入装置包括蝇蛆分离机触摸屏 9 -7。
[0095] 工作原理
[0096] 请参见图 10-图 15, 由于第一种和第二种加料装置只是加料方式区别, 对于蝇 蛆分离的原理不影响, 因此本实施例中均以第一种加料装置作为说明, 省略对 第二种加料装置的描述, 并详细叙述如下。 本发明用于生物质废弃物养殖蝇蛆 生物转化后将蝇蛆与料澄机械分离的设备, 用于替代人工清扫分离。 本发明利 用蝇蛆发育成熟后, 自然化蛹的生物习性, 需要在避光干燥的环境中化蛹的特 点, 将已完成苍蝇幼虫生长阶段 (3-15天) 的培养基质, 由蝇蛆分离机前端的 加料装置中的第一料铲 202将培养基质铲起, 通过第一输送带 9-201将培养基质 (或称为料澄) 装入料仓 9-3中 (深度约 10-40厘米) 。 打幵光源装置 9-303, 并 持续照射一定吋间, 蝇蛆依自然习性自动向培养基质下层移动 (钻入培养基质 中) , 在控制装置预先设定的参数的控制下, 清扫装置的清扫板 9-502将培养基 质上层刮入 (扫入) 蝇蛆分离机两侧的料澄收集盒 9-601
中, 此吋, 第一盖板 9-603盖紧在蝇蛆收集盒 9-602上。 此过程通过控制装置中 预设的高度参数自动同步控制, 即, 每次蝇蛆自动向培养基质下层移动一定距 离, 清扫装置将培养基质中培养基质刮入 (扫入) 收集装置一次, 直到将培养 基质与蝇蛆分离幵来。 [0097] 当料仓中剩下的几乎全是蝇蛆吋, 此吋闸门 9-402刚好触动行程幵关 9-606, 行 程幵关 9-606发出电信号给予设置在蝇蛆收集盒 9-602
上的电磁锁 9-605, 电磁锁 9-605的电磁幵关打幵与锁扣部 9-604 (锁扣部为钢, 电磁锁通过电电流产生的磁力吸引住锁扣部 9-604) 脱离, 在第一盖板 9-603枢接 端扭簧的作用下, 第一盖板 9-603旋转并盖在料澄收集盒 9-601上并锁紧在料澄 收集盒 9-601上设置的另一个相同结构的电磁锁 9-605上。 在行程幵关 9-606发出 电信号给予设置在蝇蛆收集盒 9-602上的锁扣部 9-604的同吋, 在行程幵关 9-606 发出电信号给予控制装置, 控制装置在停顿一定吋间后, 控制清扫装置, 经过 多次将所有的蝇蛆分别扫向蝇蛆分离机两侧的蝇蛆收集盒 9-602中。
[0098] 实施例 6
[0099] 请参见图 10-图 15, 结合实施例 5, 本发明的另一种蝇蛆分离机设有如实施例 5 中所述的蝇蛆分离机的所有部件, 且料仓 9-3的仓底还设有可幵闭的底板 9-301, 底板 9-301通过蜗杆蜗轮及齿轮组与第五蝇蛆分离机电机 9-302相连, 第五蝇蛆 分离机电机 9-302与控制装置电连接。 在蝇蛆的数量较大吋候, 采用底部出料的 方式将分离后的蝇蛆, 从蝇蛆分离机的底部脱离。
[0100] 实施例 7
[0101] 请参见附图, 并结合实施例 1-6, 在本实施例中, 对本发明的工艺步骤进行详 细描述。
[0102] 本发明提供的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备的蝇蛆养殖工艺, 包括以下步骤:
[0103] 步骤一: 物料准备, 在料仓中准备好生物质废弃物, 并对生物质废弃物添加辅 料, 使用物料搅拌机, 调节生物质废弃物的含水率并作为培养料或底料。
[0104] 步骤二, 蝇卵的准备和孵化。
[0105] 步骤三, 养殖设备的调整准备, 将养殖床 7的接触分层 71的温度控制调整到 25- 37度, 将空气的温度调整到 37度以下。 在本实施例中, 优选接触分层 71的温度 为 32度, 优选空气温度为 35度。
[0106] 步骤四, 第一天第一次加料, 利用如权利要求 1的加料机 3, 在养殖床 7中均匀 平整铺设步骤一中调整好的培养底料, 培养底料厚度为 1-5公分, 培养底料的含 水率为 45-75%, 之后将步骤二中繁殖的幼蛆撒种到培养底料中, 每克接种剂中 含幼蛆 2200-7000条。 在本实施例中, 优选幼蛆条数为 5500条。
[0107] 步骤五,第一天第二次加料, 再加含水率为 45-95%的培养料, 培养料添加量为 每平方 l〜20kg; 且第一次加料和第二次加料间隔吋间为 4-16小吋。
[0108] 步骤六: 第二天, 继续加含水率为 45-95%的培养料, 重复步骤三和步骤五, 培 养料每次至少 l-20kg/m 2、 其余吋间和步骤均与步骤三和步骤五中相同, 并每天 通风 1到 2次。
[0109] 步骤七: 第三天-第 n天, 添加含水率为 45%-95<¾的培养料, 吋间、 步骤、 次数
、 培养底料用量、 通风次数均与步骤五中相同; 。
[0110] 步骤八: 第 n+1天, 停止添加培养底料, 将多个养殖床内养殖的蝇蛆进行人工 或使用蝇蛆分离机实施蛆粪分离。
[0111] 步骤九, 将步骤八中分离的鲜蛆在清洗机中进行水洗, 并输送到烘干机中烘干
, 得到蛆干。
[0112] 较佳地, 幼蛆为家蝇, 市蝇, 丝光绿蝇, 大头金蝇, 铜绿蝇, 红头丽蝇, 厩腐 蝇, 棕尾别麻蝇, 水虻。 本实施例中, 优选使用家蝇。
[0113] 较佳地, 步骤一中生物质废弃物为动物粪便、 餐厨余物、 生物质加工废弃物, 辅料为鸡鸭粪便、 挤压粪、 木屑、 砻糠、 菇澄、 桔秆、 茶叶澄、 麸皮中的一种 或几种的组合。 本实施例中, 优选生物质废弃物为猪粪, 辅料为砻糠和菇澄。
[0114] 本发明虽然以较佳实施例公幵如上, 但其并不是用来限定本发明, 任何本领域 技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内, 都可以做出可能的变动和修改, 因 此本发明的保护范围应当以本发明权利要求所界定的范围为准。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述设备包括至少一个带多 功能顶棚 (1) 的养殖车间, 所述养殖车间内设有至少一台沿着双列 型布料轨道 (2) 行驶的加料机 (3) , 所述布料轨道 (2) 的一端的 前方垂设有主轨道 (4) , 所述主轨道 (4) 上设有供所述加料机 (3 ) 在不同布料轨道间转移的轨道车 (5) , 所述轨道车 (5) 上设有水 平垂直于主轨道 (4) 的转移轨道 (6) , 所述转移轨道 (6) 的高度 与所述布料轨道 (2) 的高度一致, 所述布料轨道 (2) 的两列轨道之 间的车间地面构成一个供蝇蛆养殖的养殖床 (7) ; 所述设备还包括用于控制所述加料机 (3) 和轨道车 (5) 运转的总机 控制装置 (8) , 所述总机控制装置 (8) 连接有报警器;
所述设备还包括至少一个料仓, 所述料仓与所述养殖车间相连或独立 于养殖车间之外; 还包括至少一台物料搅拌机、 一台蝇蛆分离机、 一 台清洗机、 一台烘干机。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述 养殖床 (7) 的底部设有温度可控的保温层, 所述保温层依次包括接 触分层 (71) 、 导热分层 (72) , 所述导热分层内设有由含有水或者 油的导热介质 (75) , 所述导热分层 (72) 内还环设有电磁加热管道 (73) , 所述电磁加热管道 (73) 通过电路与养殖床温度控制装置 ( 74) 相连, 所述养殖床温度控制装置 (74) 与所述总机控制装置 (8 ) 电连接, 所述养殖床温度控制装置 (74) 还与间隔均设于接触分层 (71) 内的养殖床温度传感器和设于导热介质 (75) 内的介质温度传 感器电连接。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述 多功能顶棚 (1) 包括由空气温度控制装置 (11) 控制幵闭的活动遮 阳棚 (12) , 所述空气温度控制装置 (11) 与所述总机控制装置 (8 ) 电连接; 所述活动遮阳棚 (12) 的下方设有多个透明塑料顶棚 (13 ) , 所述塑料顶棚 (13) 与所述活动遮阳棚 (12) 之间还设有降温喷 水管 (14) , 任意两个透明塑料顶棚 (13) 之间还设有用于收集雨水 和喷水管中喷出水流的集水槽 (15) ;
所述集水槽 (15) 的底部连接设于所述塑料顶棚 (13) 下底的水帘进 水管 (16) , 所述水帘进水管 (16) 连接设于多功能顶棚四周侧壁的 水帘机, 所述水帘进水管 (16) 上还设有水泵, 所述水泵和所述水帘 机通过电路与所述空气温度控制装置 (11) 电连接, 所述空气温度控 制装置 (11) 与所述总机控制装置 (8) 电连接; 所述塑料顶棚 (13) 的顶部和下底均设有空气温度传感器和湿度传感 器, 所述塑料顶棚 (13) 的四周侧壁还设有多个电动卷帘 (17) , 所 述空气温度传感器、 与湿度传感器、 电动卷帘 (17) 均与所述空气温 度控制装置 (11) 电连接;
所述总机控制装置 (8) 还连接有数据输入装置和输出装置, 所述数 据输出装置包括打印机和电脑。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述 加料机 (3) 包括在布料轨道上运动的加料机输送车 (3-2) , 所述加 料机输送车 (3-2) 上设有可垂直于加料机输送车 (3-2) 运动方向移 动的移动平台 (3-3) , 所述加料机输送车 (3-2) 上设有加料机控制 装置 (3-6) ; 所述移动平台 (3-3) 上设有安装孔, 所述安装孔内可 拆卸的插接有料斗 (3-401) , 所述料斗 (3-401) 的下底连接有至少 一个分料斗 (3-402) , 所述分料斗 (3-402) 上可拆卸的连接有料嘴
(3-403) , 所述料嘴 (3-403) 内同轴设有送料机构;
所述移动平台 (3-3) 底部的两端分别设有与加料机输送车 (3-2) 相 连的水平滑轨 (3-301) 、 所述滑轨 (3-301) 与设置在所述移动平台
(3-3) 一端的内部还设有与平行的滚珠丝杠、 所述滚珠丝杠与第二 电机 (3-302) 相连并由其驱动, 所述第二电机 (3-302) 通过电路与 所述加料机控制装置 (3-6) 电连接;
所述加料机输送车 (3-2) 底部还设有与驱动轨道车的第一电机 (3-7 ) , 所述第一电机 (3-7) 与所述加料机控制装置 (3-6) 电连接, 所 述第一电机 (3-7) 还包括无级变速器;
所述加料机输送车 (3-2) 上还设有与所述加料机控制装置 (3-6) 电 连接的手动信号输入装置和无线信号装置, 所述手动信号输入装置包 括固定在所述加料机输送车 (3-2) 外侧壁的数字液晶显示屏 (3-8) , 所述无线信号装置包括固定在所述加料机输送车 (3-2) 上的无线 信号接收装置 (3-9) 和手持无线信号发送器, 所述无线信号接收装 置 (3-9) 与所述加料机控制装置 (3-6) 电连接。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 4所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述 送料机构包括至少一个搅龙 (3-501) , 所述搅龙 (3-501) 的一端插 在所述料嘴 (3-403) 内, 另一端与第三电机 (3-502) 的主轴相连, 所述第三电机 (3-502) 固定在所述加料机输送车 (3-2) 上, 所述第 二电机 (3-502) 与所述加料机控制装置 (3-6) 电连接。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 4所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述 料嘴 (3-403) 包括第一料嘴或第二料嘴或第三料嘴, 所述第一料嘴 上还设有可幵闭的闸门 (3-404) , 所述闸门 (3-404) 与的推杆 (3-4 05) 相连, 所述推杆 (3-405) 与固定在所述加料机输送车 (3-2) 上 的步进电机 (3-406) 相连, 所述步进电机 (3-406) 通过电路与加料 机控制装置 (3-6) 电连接;
所述第三料嘴包括水平放置的 T
型中空筒体, 所述筒体包括连接筒 (3-407) 和出料筒 (3-408) , 所 述连接筒 (3-407) 内插接有水平搅龙 (3-411) , 所述出料筒 (3-408 ) 上设有至少三个出料口 (3-409) , 所述出料口 (3-409) 上均设有 弧形阀门 (3-410) ;
所述第二料嘴包括连接头 (3-412) 和与其相连的可 360度弯折的波纹 可弯折软管 (3—413) 。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述 蝇蛆分离机包括车体 (9-1) 和设在其前端的加料装置, 所述加料装 置与固定在所述车体 (9-1) 上用于输送蝇蛆及料澄的凹槽形料仓 (9 -3) 的前端相连, 所述料仓 (9-3) 上设有竖直升降装置, 所述升降 装置的顶部还设有可垂直于车体运动方向作往复运动的清扫装置, 所 述升降装置的两端还通过连接杆 (9-401) 悬挂连接有闸门 (9-402) , 所述闸门 (9-402) 贴紧所述料仓 (9-3) 两端槽口的端面, 所述端 面的侧下方还分别设有固定在车体 (9-1) 上的收集装置;
所述加料装置包括由第一蝇蛆分离机电机带动的第一输送带 (9-201 ) , 所述第一输送带 (9-201) 的前端还设有可翻转的第一料铲 (9-2
02) , 所述第一料铲 (9-202) 的下方还设有可伸缩的推杆 (9-203) ; 所述升降装置包括悬设在料仓 (9-3) 上方的支架 (9-403) , 所述支 架 (9-403) 底部与竖直设在所述料仓 (9-3) 侧壁的第一蜗杆 (9-404 ) 和滑动导向杆 (9-405) 相连, 所述第一蜗杆 (9-404) 通过齿轮组 与竖直设置的第二蝇蛆分离机电机 (9-406) 的主轴相连;
所述清扫装置包括横杆 (9-501) , 所述横杆 (9-501) 的中部竖直悬 接有清扫板 (9-502) , 所述横杆 (9-501) 的一端固定有滑块 (9-503 ) , 所述滑块 (9-503) 套在设于所述支架 (9-403) 顶部的滑轨 (9-5 04) 上滑动, 所述横杆 (9-501) 的另一端设有第二蜗杆 (9-505) , 所述第二蜗杆 (9-505) 与水平设置在所述支架 (9-403) 顶部的第三 蝇蛆分离机电机 (9-506) 的主轴相连;
所述收集装置包括带斜口的料澄收集盒 (9-601) 和带斜口的蝇蛆收 集盒 (9-602) , 所述料澄收集盒和蝇蛆收集盒之间还设有可枢转并 两侧锁紧的第一盖板 (9-603) , 所述第一盖板 (9-603) 枢接端设有 扭簧, 所述第一盖板 (9-603) 的另一端上设有电磁幵关的锁扣部 (9 -604) , 所述电磁幵关的锁扣部 (9-604) 与分别设置在所述料澄收 集盒上和车体上的电磁锁 (9-605) 相匹配, 所述电磁锁 (9-605) 还 与感应闸门高度的行程幵关 (9-606) 相连;
所述车体 (9-1) 上方设有悬设于所述清扫装置上方的光源装置 (9-3
03) , 所述光源装置 (9-303) 底部两端分别与滑动导向杆 (9-405) 相连, 所述光源为红外光源或者白炽灯; 所述车体 (9-1) 的底部还设有用于驱动的蝇蛆分离机的第四蝇蛆分 离机电机 (9-101) ;
所述车体上还设有蝇蛆分离机控制装置和信号输入装置, 所述蝇蛆分 离机控制装置通过电路分别与第一蝇蛆分离机电机、 第二蝇蛆分离机 电机 (9-406) 、 第三蝇蛆分离机电机 (9-506) 、 第四蝇蛆分离机电 机 (9-101) 、 信号输入装置相连, 所述信号输入装置包括蝇蛆分离 机电机触摸屏 (9-7) 。
根据权利要求 7所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 或所 述加料装置包括第二输送带 (9-204) , 所述第二输送带 (9-204) 向 下倾斜设置且地面角度小于等于 60度, 所述第二输送带 (9-204) 前 端可枢转的设有第二料铲 (9-205) 。
根据权利要求 7所述的规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备, 其特征在于, 所述 料仓 (9-3) 的仓底设有可幵闭的底板 (9-301) , 所述底板 (9-301) 通过蜗杆涡轮与第五蝇蛆分离机电机 (9-302) 相连, 所述第五蝇蛆 分离机电机 (9-302) 与所述蝇蛆分离机控制装置电连接。
使用如权利要求 1-9所述养殖设备的养殖工艺, 其特征在于, 所述工 艺包括以下步骤:
步骤一: 物料准备, 在所述料仓中准备好生物质废弃物, 并对生物质 废弃物添加辅料, 使用所述物料搅拌机, 调节生物质废弃物的含水率 并作为培养料或底料, 所述生物质废弃物为动物粪便、 餐厨余物、 生 物质加工废弃物, 所述辅料为鸡鸭粪便、 挤压粪、 木屑、 砻糠、 菇澄 、 桔秆、 茶叶澄、 麸皮中的一种或几种的组合;
步骤二, 蝇卵的准备和孵化;
步骤三, 养殖设备的调整准备, 将养殖床 (7) 的接触分层 (71) 的 温度控制调整到 25-37度, 将空气的温度调整到 37度以下; 步骤四, 第一天第一次加料, 利用如权利要求 1所述的加料机 (3) , 在养殖床 (7) 中均匀平整铺设步骤一中调整好的培养底料, 培养底 料厚度为 1-5公分, 培养底料的含水率为 45-75%, 之后将步骤二中繁 殖的幼蛆撒种到培养底料中, 每克接种剂中含幼蛆 2200-7000条, 所 述幼蛆为家蝇, 市蝇, 丝光绿蝇, 大头金蝇, 铜绿蝇, 红头丽蝇, 厩 腐蝇, 棕尾别麻蝇, 水虻;
步骤五,第一天第二次加料, 再加含水率为 45-95%的培养料, 培养料 添加量为每平方 l〜20kg; 且第一次加料和第二次加料间隔吋间为 4-1 6小吋;
步骤六: 第二天, 继续加含水率为 45-95%的培养料, 重复步骤三和 步骤五, 培养料每次至少 l-20kg/m2、 其余吋间和步骤均与步骤三和 步骤五中相同, 并每天通风 1到 2次;
步骤七: 第三天-第 n天, 添加含水率为 45%-95<¾的培养料, 吋间、 步 骤、 次数、 培养料用量、 通风次数均与步骤五中相同;
步骤八: 第 n+1天, 停止添加培养料, 将多个养殖床内养殖的蝇蛆进 行人工或使用蝇蛆分离机实施蛆粪分离;
步骤九, 将步骤八中分离的鲜蛆在所述清洗机中进行水洗, 并输送到 烘干机中烘干, 得到蛆干。
PCT/CN2015/085391 2014-07-31 2015-07-29 规模化高效蝇蛆养殖设备和工艺 WO2016015639A1 (zh)

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