WO2016011604A1 - 放射源组件及具有该放射源组件的治疗头及伽玛刀 - Google Patents

放射源组件及具有该放射源组件的治疗头及伽玛刀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016011604A1
WO2016011604A1 PCT/CN2014/082736 CN2014082736W WO2016011604A1 WO 2016011604 A1 WO2016011604 A1 WO 2016011604A1 CN 2014082736 W CN2014082736 W CN 2014082736W WO 2016011604 A1 WO2016011604 A1 WO 2016011604A1
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Prior art keywords
radiation source
radiation
source assembly
drum
side wall
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PCT/CN2014/082736
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴中华
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数码医疗集团
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Application filed by 数码医疗集团 filed Critical 数码医疗集团
Priority to CN201480002967.1A priority Critical patent/CN105705201B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/082736 priority patent/WO2016011604A1/zh
Publication of WO2016011604A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016011604A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy

Definitions

  • Radioactive source assembly and treatment head and gamma knife having the same
  • the present invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a radiation source assembly and a treatment head and a gamma knife having the same.
  • Tumor is a common and frequently-occurring disease
  • Gamma Knife is a common treatment device.
  • Gamma Knife also known as stereotactic gamma ray radiotherapy system, is a therapeutic device that combines modern computer technology, stereotactic technology and surgical technology. It focuses the gamma rays emitted by Cobalt 60 geometrically and concentrates on it.
  • the lesion, a one-time, fatal destruction of the tissue within the target, and the radiation through the normal tissue of the human body is almost harmless, and the dose is sharply reduced, so the treatment range of the irradiation is very obvious with the normal tissue, the edge is like a knife, so it is It is called "gamma knife”.
  • the gamma knife includes a shield having a housing chamber, a radiation source assembly semi-enclosed in the housing chamber, and a collimator disposed at an opening of the housing chamber to seal the housing chamber.
  • the collimator is provided with a plurality of collimating holes corresponding to the opening of the receiving chamber, and the radiation emitted by the radiation source can be emitted outside the receiving chamber through the collimating hole.
  • the source of radiation is usually turned off by shifting the source and the collimating hole by a certain distance by translation.
  • the misalignment distance is longer, resulting in a larger volume of the entire gamma knife.
  • the exit end face of the collimating hole is fixed to the focal point of the radiation source. When the end face shielding requirement is satisfied, the distance from the source to the focal point is elongated, and the focus dose rate is decreased.
  • the present invention provides a treatment head and gamma knife having a smaller volume and a radiation source assembly that can reduce the volume of the entire gamma knife.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a gamma knife treatment head including a shield, a radiation source assembly, and a collimator.
  • the shield includes a receiving chamber and a plurality of through holes that communicate the receiving chamber to the outside.
  • the radiation source assembly is rotatably received in the receiving chamber and includes a radiation source and a drum, the drum housing the radiation source and having a plurality of radiation passages for radiation emitted by the radiation source.
  • the drum is rotatable to a first position corresponding to the through hole and a second position offset from the through hole.
  • the receiving chamber and the drum are cylindrical and coaxial, and the drum rotates about its axis.
  • the roller comprises a side wall parallel to the axis thereof and a cavity surrounded by the side wall, the radiation channel penetrating the side wall; the radiation source assembly further comprising a radiation received in the cavity and fixing the radiation source The source fixing block and the shielding block disposed on both sides of the radiation source fixing block to seal the axial sides of the cavity.
  • the outer side wall disposed at both axial ends of the drum and the bearing between the shields are arranged to rotate the drum about its axis.
  • the collimator has a plurality of collimating holes, and the collimator is movable to a third position corresponding to the through hole when the drum is in the first position, where the roller is located The second position moves to a fourth position in which the alignment hole is offset from the through hole.
  • a radiation source assembly comprising a drum having a cylindrical shape and having a side wall parallel to its axis, a cavity surrounded by the side wall, and a plurality of ray passages penetrating the side wall; a source fixing block, Storing in the cavity; a plurality of radiation sources fixed to the radiation source fixing block and emitting radiation through the plurality of radiation channels; and a shielding block disposed on both sides of the radiation source fixing block Density: H Hai cavity side of the axial direction.
  • one side of the fixing block is attached to the inner wall of the cavity, and includes a plurality of receiving holes for receiving the plurality of radio sources, the plurality of receiving holes abutting the opening of the inner wall of the cavity
  • the plurality of ray channels correspond.
  • the sidewall of the plurality of ray channels is thinner in the radial direction than the opposite side The thickness of the side walls.
  • the bearing is disposed on the outer side walls of the axial ends of the drum so that the drum rotates about its axis.
  • a gamma knife having a radiation source assembly or treatment head as described above.
  • the treatment head of the gamma knife of the present embodiment implements the opening or closing of the radiation source by adopting the method of rotating the radiation source assembly, so that the displacement distance of the collimated source is shortened, so that the overall volume of the device is small, and the overall weight is reduced. .
  • the shielding material is reduced.
  • the exit end face of the collimating hole is fixed to the focal point of the radiation source.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a radiation source assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a treatment head of a gamma knife according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the radiation source assembly shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the treatment head of Figure 2 in another state.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a radiation source assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radiation source assembly of the present embodiment includes a drum 10, a radiation source fixing block 20, a plurality of radiation sources 30, two shielding blocks 40, and two bearings 50.
  • the drum 10 has a cylindrical shape, a side wall 12 parallel to its axis, a cavity 14 surrounded by the side wall 12, and a plurality of ray passages 16 extending through the side wall 12.
  • Radioactive source fixing block 20 The cavity 14 is housed in the cavity 14 and has a plurality of receiving holes 22 extending through itself.
  • One side of the radiation source 30 is fitted to the side wall 12 of the drum 10, and the opening of the receiving hole 22 in close contact with the inner wall of the cavity 14 corresponds to the radiation passage 16, respectively.
  • the radiation from the source 30 can exit the drum 10 through the linear ray channel 16.
  • the thickness of the side wall 12 of the drum 10 in which the ray passage 16 is located is smaller than the thickness of the side wall of the opposite side. In this way, it is advantageous for the emission of the radiation, and it is also advantageous to shield the radiation from the other side as shown.
  • the shielding block 40 is disposed on both sides of the radiation source fixing block 20 to seal the cavities 14 of the drum 10 on both sides in the axial direction.
  • the source components are integrated.
  • the radiation source 30 is a cobalt source
  • the radiation source fixing block 20 is also referred to as a cobalt source fixing block.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a treatment head of a gamma knife according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the treatment head of FIG. 2 in another state.
  • the treatment head of the gamma knife includes a shield 60, a collimator 70, and a radiation source assembly as shown in FIG.
  • the treatment head of the gamma knife further includes a case 80 covering the shield 60 to protect the shield 60.
  • the shield 60 is made of a shielding material such as lead, and forms a cylindrical housing chamber 64 and a plurality of through holes 62 that communicate the housing chamber 64 to the outside.
  • the collimator 70 has a plurality of collimating holes 72.
  • the radiation source assembly shown in Fig. 1 is rotatably received in the accommodating chamber 64 along its axis by bearings 50 (shown in Fig. 1) which are sleeved on the outer side walls 12 at both axial ends of the drum 10.
  • An axial side of the source assembly can be provided with a drive wheel 18 as shown in Figure 1, which is coupled to a drive such as a motor.
  • the drum 10 can be rotated to a first position corresponding to the through hole 62 and the through hole 62 (as shown in FIG. 2) so that the radiation source 30 is in an open state; the drum 10 can also be rotated to the ray.
  • the channel 16 and the second position offset from the through hole 62 cause the source 30 to be in a closed state.
  • the collimator 70 moves to a third position corresponding to the through hole 72 and the through hole 62 when the drum 10 is in the first position to achieve treatment; and moves the collimating hole 72 when the drum 10 is in the second position.
  • the through hole 62 is staggered in the fourth position to end the treatment.
  • the treatment head of the gamma knife of the present embodiment implements the opening or closing of the radiation source 30 by adopting the method of rotating the radiation source assembly, so that the displacement distance of the collimated source is shortened, so that the overall volume of the device is small, and the overall weight is changed. small.
  • the shielding material is reduced.
  • the exit end face of the collimation hole 72 is fixed to the focal point of the radiation source 30. When the end face shielding requirement is satisfied, the distance from the source to the focus can be shortened by rotating the source roller 10, and the focus dose rate is improved.
  • the shape of the drum 10 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be other shapes such as a cylinder having a octagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, or the like, as long as the accommodating chamber 64 can be rotated around its axis. .
  • the containment chamber 64 is not limited to a cylindrical shape.
  • the shield block 40 located on both axial sides of the drum 10 may not necessarily be disposed, and the radiation of the radiation source 30 is still shielded by the shield 60.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine (AREA)

Abstract

一种放射源组件及具有该放射源组件的治疗头及伽玛刀。伽玛刀治疗头包括屏蔽体（60）、放射源组件及准直器（70）。该屏蔽体（60）包括收容室（64）及多个将该收容室（64）连通至外部的通孔（62）。该放射源组件可转动地收容在该收容室（64）中并包括放射源（30）及滚筒（10），该滚筒（10）收容该放射源（30）并具有多个供该放射源（30）发出的射线射出的射线通道（16）。滚筒（10）可转动至该射线通道（16）与该通孔（62）对应的第一位置及与该通孔（62）错开的第二位置。由于使用了旋转放射源组件的方式来实施对放射源的开启或关闭，使准直关源错位距离行程变短，从而使设备整体体积小，整体重量变小。

Description

说 明 书
放射源组件及具有该放射源组件的治疗头及伽玛刀 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗设备技术领域， 具体涉及的是一种放射源组件及具有 该放射源组件的治疗头及伽玛刀。
背景技术
肿瘤是一种常见的多发病， 而伽玛刀是一种常见的治疗设备。 伽玛刀 又称立体定向伽玛射线放射治疗系统， 是一种融合现代计算机技术、 立体 定向技术和外科技术于一体的治疗性设备， 它将钴 60发出的伽玛射线几 何聚焦， 集中射于病灶， 一次性、 致死性的摧毁靶点内的组织， 而射线经 过人体正常组织几乎无伤害， 并且剂量锐减， 因此其治疗照射范围与正常 组织界限非常明显， 边缘如刀割一般， 因此被形象地称为"伽玛刀"。
伽玛刀包括具有收容室的屏蔽体、 半封闭地收容在该收容室内的放射 源组件及设置于该收容室的开口处以密封该收容室的准直器。 准直器对应 该收容室的开口出开设有多个准直孔，放射源发出的射线可通过该准直孔 射出该收容室之外。 现有技术中， 通常是通过将放射源与准直孔通过平移 的方式错开一定的距离来实现关闭放射源。然而，为了满足表面屏蔽要求， 该错位距离行程较长， 导致整个伽玛刀的体积较大。 另外， 准直孔的出口 端面到放射源的焦点固定距离， 在满足端面屏蔽要求情况下， 放射源到焦 点的距离拉长， 焦点剂量率下降。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有较小体积的治疗头及伽玛刀以及可降低整个伽 玛刀的体积的放射源组件。 本发明实施例提供了一种伽玛刀治疗头， 包括屏蔽体、 放射源组件及 准直器。 该屏蔽体包括收容室及多个将该收容室连通至外部的通孔。 该放 射源组件可转动地收容在该收容室中并包括放射源及滚筒， 该滚筒收容该 放射源并具有多个供该放射源发出的射线射出的射线通道。 滚筒可转动至 该射线通道与该通孔对应的第一位置及与该通孔错开的第二位置。
较优的，该收容室及该滚筒均呈圆柱状并同轴，该滚筒绕其轴线旋转。 较优的， 该滚筒包括平行其轴线的侧壁及由该侧壁围成的腔体， 该射 线通道贯穿该侧壁； 该放射源组件还包括收容在该腔体内并且固定该放射 源的放射源固定块及设置在该放射源固定块两侧以密封该腔体轴向的两 侧的屏蔽块。
较优的，还包括设置于该滚筒轴向两端的外侧壁及该屏蔽体之间的轴 承， 以便该滚筒绕其轴线转动。
较优的， 该准直器具有多个准直孔， 该准直器可在该滚筒位于该第一 位置时移动至该准直孔与该通孔对应的第三位置，在该滚筒位于该第二位 置时移动至该准直孔与该通孔错开的第四位置。
一种放射源组件， 包括滚筒，其呈圆筒状， 并具有平行其轴线的侧壁、 由该侧壁围成的腔体、 及多个贯穿该侧壁的射线通道； 放射源固定块， 其 收容在该腔体内； 多个放射源， 其固定至该放射源固定块并且其发出的射 线通过该多个射线通道射出该滚筒； 及屏蔽块， 其设置在该放射源固定块 两侧以密去: H亥腔体轴向的两侧。
较优的， 固定块的一侧与该腔体的内壁贴合， 并包括多个贯穿自身的 收容该多个放射源的收容孔， 该多个收容孔紧贴该腔体的内壁的开口与该 多个射线通道对应。
较优的， 该多个射线通道所在的侧壁在径向上的厚度小于相对另一侧 的侧壁的厚度。
较优的， 还包括设置于该滚筒轴向两端的外侧壁上的轴承， 以便该滚 筒绕其轴线转动。
一种具有如上所述的放射源组件或治疗头的伽玛刀。
本实施的伽玛刀的治疗头由于采用了旋转放射源组件的方式来实施 对放射源的开启或关闭， 使准直关源错位距离行程变短， 从而使设备整体 体积小， 整体重量变小。 屏蔽材料减少。 另外， 准直孔的出口端面到放射 源的焦点固定距离， 在满足端面屏蔽要求情况下， 通过旋转关源滚筒可以 实现源到焦点的距离缩短， 焦点剂量率提高。
附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例提供的放射源组件的剖视示意图；
图 2是本发明实施例提供的伽玛刀的治疗头的剖视示意图， 其包括如 图 1所示的放射源组件； 及
图 3是图 2的治疗头位于另一个状态的剖视示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白， 以下结合附图 及实施例， 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所描述的具体 实施例仅仅用以解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
为了更好得理解本发明的技术方案， 申请人通过图 1的具体实施方式 来说明该发明的放射源组件及伽玛刀的治疗头。 图 1是本发明实施例提供 的放射源组件的剖视示意图。 如图 1所示， 本实施方式的放射源组件包括 一个滚筒 10、 一个放射源固定块 20、 多个放射源 30、 两个屏蔽块 40、 及 两个轴承 50。 滚筒 10呈圆筒状， 具有平行其轴线的侧壁 12、 由该侧壁 12 围成的腔体 14、 及多个贯穿该侧壁 12的射线通道 16。 放射源固定块 20 收容在该腔体 14内， 其上开设有多个贯穿其自身的收容孔 22。 放射源 30 的一侧与滚筒 10的侧壁 12贴合， 并且收容孔 22紧贴腔体 14的内壁的开 口与射线通道 16分别对应。 如此， 放射源 30发出的射线可通过呈直线的 射线通道 16射出滚筒 10之外。 优选地， 射线通道 16所在的滚筒 10的侧 壁 12的在径向上的厚度小于相对另一侧的侧壁的厚度。 如此， 有利于射 线的射出， 也有利于所示另一侧更好地屏蔽射线。 屏蔽块 40设置在放射 源固定块 20两侧以密封滚筒 10的腔体 14位于轴向的两侧。 如此， 放射 源组件组成一个整体。 在本实施方式中， 放射源 30为钴源， 该放射源固 定块 20也称钴源固定块。
请结合图 2及 3 , 图 2是本发明实施例提供的伽玛刀的治疗头的剖视 示意图， 图 3是图 2的治疗头位于另一个状态的剖视示意图。 伽玛刀的治 疗头包括屏蔽体 60、 准直器 70及如图 1所示的放射源组件。 优选地， 伽 玛刀的治疗头还包括包覆屏蔽体 60的箱体 80, 以保护屏蔽体 60。 屏蔽体 60由屏蔽材料， 如铅制成， 其形成圆柱状的收容室 64及多个将收容室 64 连通至外部的通孔 62。 准直器 70具有多个准直孔 72。 如图 1所示的放射 源组件通过套设于该滚筒 10轴向两端的外侧壁 12上的轴承 50 (如图 1 所示）可沿其轴线转动地收容在收容室 64 中。 放射源组件的轴向一侧可 设置如图 1所示的传动轮 18, 其连接至一个驱动装置， 如马达。 如此， 在 该驱动装置的驱动下， 滚筒 10可转动至射线通道 16与通孔 62对应的第 一位置（如图 2所示）而使得放射源 30处于开启状态； 滚筒 10也可转动 至射线通道 16及与该通孔 62错开（如错开 180度）的第二位置而使得放 射源 30处于关闭状态。 准直器 70在滚筒 10位于该第一位置时移动至准 直孔 72与通孔 62对应的第三位置， 以实现治疗； 还在滚筒 10位该第二 位置时移动该准直孔 72该通孔 62错开的第四位置， 以结束治疗。 本实施的伽玛刀的治疗头由于采用了旋转放射源组件的方式来实施 对放射源 30的开启或关闭， 使准直关源错位距离行程变短， 从而使设备 整体体积小， 整体重量变小。 屏蔽材料减少。 另外， 准直孔 72的出口端 面到放射源 30的焦点固定距离， 在满足端面屏蔽要求情况下， 通过旋转 关源滚筒 10可以实现源到焦点的距离缩短， 焦点剂量率提高。
可以理解， 滚筒 10的形状也不限于圆柱形， 其也可以是如切面为八 边形， 六边形等的柱体等等的其它形状， 只要收容室 64可容其绕其轴线 旋转即可。 同理， 收容室 64也不限于圆柱形。
可以理解， 由于放射源组件完全收容在屏蔽体 60中， 其位于滚筒 10 轴向两侧的屏蔽块 40也可不必设置，此时放射源 30的射线仍被屏蔽体 60 展蔽。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等， 均应包含 在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种放射源组件， 其特征在于， 包括：
滚筒， 并具有平行其轴线的侧壁、 由该侧壁围成的腔体、 及多个贯穿该侧 壁的射线通道；
放射源固定块， 其收容在该腔体内；
多个放射源， 其固定至该放射源固定块并且其发出的射线通过该多个射线 通道射出该滚筒； 及
屏蔽块， 其设置在该放射源固定块两侧以密封该腔体轴向的两侧。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的放射源组件， 其特征在于， 固定块的一侧与该腔 体的内壁贴合， 并包括多个贯穿自身的收容该多个放射源的收容孔， 该多 个收容孔紧贴该腔体的内壁的开口与该多个射线通道对应。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的放射源组件， 其特征在于， 该滚筒呈圆筒状， 该 多个射线通道所在的侧壁在径向上的厚度小于相对另一侧的侧壁的厚度。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的放射源组件， 其特征在于， 还包括设置于该滚筒 轴向两端的外侧壁上的轴承， 以便该滚筒绕其轴线转动。
5、 一种伽玛刀治疗头， 包括屏蔽体、 放射源组件及准直器， 其特征在于： 该屏蔽体包括收容室及多个将该收容室连通至外部的通孔；
该放射源组件可转动地收容在该收容室中并包括放射源及滚筒， 该滚筒收 容该放射源并具有多个供该放射源发出的射线射出的射线通道； 该滚筒可 转动至该射线通道与该通孔对应的第一位置及与该通孔错开的第二位置。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的伽玛刀治疗头， 其特征在于， 该收容室及该滚筒 均呈圆柱状并同轴， 该滚筒绕其轴线旋转。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的伽玛刀治疗头， 其特征在于， 该滚筒包括平行其 轴线的侧壁及由该侧壁围成的腔体， 该射线通道贯穿该侧壁； 该放射源组 件还包括收容在该腔体内并且固定该放射源的放射源固定块及设置在该 放射源固定块两侧以密封该腔体轴向的两侧的屏蔽块。
8、 如权利要求 5所述的伽玛刀治疗头， 其特征在于， 还包括设置于该滚 筒轴向两端的外侧壁及该屏蔽体之间的轴承， 以便该滚筒绕其轴线转动。
9、 如权利要求 5所述的伽玛刀治疗头， 其特征在于， 该准直器具有多个 准直孔， 该准直器可在该滚筒位于该第一位置时移动至该准直孔与该通孔 对应的第三位置，在该滚筒位于该第二位置时移动至该准直孔与该通孔错 开的第四位置。
10、一种具有如权利要求 1至 4所述的放射源组件或如权利要求 5至 9所 述的治疗头的伽玛刀。
PCT/CN2014/082736 2014-07-22 2014-07-22 放射源组件及具有该放射源组件的治疗头及伽玛刀 WO2016011604A1 (zh)

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