WO2012040964A1 - 放射治疗装置、辐射装置及准直装置 - Google Patents

放射治疗装置、辐射装置及准直装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012040964A1
WO2012040964A1 PCT/CN2010/078984 CN2010078984W WO2012040964A1 WO 2012040964 A1 WO2012040964 A1 WO 2012040964A1 CN 2010078984 W CN2010078984 W CN 2010078984W WO 2012040964 A1 WO2012040964 A1 WO 2012040964A1
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Prior art keywords
collimating
holes
switch
radiation
collimation
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PCT/CN2010/078984
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王翔宇
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上海世鹏实验室科技发展有限公司
宋世鹏
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Publication of WO2012040964A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012040964A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1092—Details
    • A61N2005/1095—Elements inserted into the radiation path within the system, e.g. filters or wedges

Definitions

  • Radiation therapy device Radiation therapy device, radiation device and collimation device
  • the present invention relates to a medical device for treating diseases such as tumors, and more particularly to a radiation therapy device, a radiation device and a collimating device.
  • Radiation therapy is a method of treating diseases such as malignant tumors by using X-rays, electron beams, proton beams, and other particle beams generated by radiation such as ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -rays generated by radioisotopes and various X-ray treatment machines or accelerators.
  • the prior art has a variety of devices for treating diseases such as tumors by radiation, such as "a medical radiotherapy device structure" disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200620337766.3, and "China Patent Publication No. 200510032933.2".
  • a radiotherapy apparatus a collimating apparatus for correcting an X-ray beam disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,993,189.
  • the "radiation treatment device” disclosed in the Chinese patent application No. 200510032933.2 includes: a rotary bracket, a slewing support ring fixed at both ends of the rotary bracket, a slewing ring that is axially positioned and rotatably engaged with the slewing ring, and worn.
  • the source body is disposed in the radiation device, the source body is provided with a detachable source ⁇ carrying the radiation source, and a cylindrical alignment matching the source ⁇ and the source body
  • the cylindrical collimator is provided with three rows of radiation channels linearly distributed in the axial direction, and two sets of collimators of different apertures are respectively arranged in the first row and the third discharge channel, and the second discharge channel is arranged in the second discharge channel.
  • a set of shielding plugs is installed; wherein in the first embodiment, the two ends of the cylindrical collimating body are respectively coupled with a left-hand screw drive mechanism and a right-hand screw drive mechanism, and the left-hand screw drive mechanism or the right-direction screw drive mechanism is driven by the driving device.
  • the cylindrical collimating body can be moved in the axial direction and rotated about the central axis; in the second embodiment, one end of the cylindrical collimating body is connected to the screw transmission mechanism, and the other end is connected to the circular motion transmission mechanism, and the screw transmission mechanism is driven by the driving device. And a circular motion transmission mechanism.
  • the prior art radiotherapy apparatus rotates the cylindrical collimator in the axial direction and rotates around the central axis to switch the collimators of different apertures on the cylindrical collimator to emit rays of different beam diameters.
  • the lesion of the area is subjected to radiation therapy; and the radiation shielding device is also in a non-treated state by rotating the cylindrical collimator to shield the radiation from the radiation source.
  • the driving device since the driving device not only drives the cylindrical collimator to move circumferentially about the central axis, but also has a helical transmission in the axial direction, the motion control of the driving device aligned with the straight body is inevitably complicated.
  • the degree and difficulty are increased, thereby reducing the control precision; in addition, the axial dimension of the radiotherapy device is increased due to the axial helical motion, which not only increases the material cost of the collimating device, but also increases the weight and makes the processing and manufacturing more troublesome; In the transition from the treatment state to the non-treatment state, in order to reduce unnecessary radiation, it is necessary to shield the radiation as soon as possible, so that the conversion speed is as fast as possible, and the shield conversion speed is slower in the prior art.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a radiotherapy apparatus which can improve the motion control precision of the radiotherapy apparatus, reduce the axial dimension thereof, reduce the weight of the collimator, and make the processing and manufacturing of the cartridge; and improve the treatment from the treatment.
  • the present invention provides a collimating device for collimating radiation emitted from a radiation source, comprising: an axially hollow collimating body having at least one set of collimating bodies The center line of each set of collimating holes is focused on a common focus, and the distribution law of each set of collimating holes matches the distribution law of the radioactive source;
  • a switch body disposed in the axial hollow collimator can be rotated to allow or block the radiation from passing through the collimating hole.
  • the switch body has at least one set of switch holes, a center line of each set of switch holes is focused on the common focus, and a distribution regularity of each set of switch holes and a distribution law of the collimated holes Matching, the radiation passes through the collimating hole when the collimating hole and the switch hole are aligned.
  • the axially hollow collimator is a cylinder or a regular polyhedral cylinder.
  • the switch body is a cylinder or a positive polyhedral cylinder.
  • the switch body is a plate body.
  • each set of collimating holes includes at least one row of collimating holes, and each row of collimating holes includes a plurality of collimating holes.
  • each set of switch holes includes at least one row of switch holes, and each row of switch holes includes a plurality of switch holes or a plurality of holes.
  • the invention also provides a radiation device for a radiation therapy device, comprising a radiation source holder, a radiation source disposed in the radiation source holder, and a collimating device, wherein the collimating device is the collimating device described above.
  • the invention also provides a radiotherapy apparatus, comprising:
  • collimating device being the collimating device described above; a collimating device bracket for supporting the collimating device;
  • a first driving device coupled to the axially hollow collimator for rotating the axially hollow collimator about its central axis
  • a second driving device is coupled to the switch body for rotating the switch body about a center axis of the collimating body.
  • the method further includes: a rack, and an outer shell connected to the rack;
  • the housing is disposed on and connected to the radioactive source holder, and the housing is disposed on the collimating body.
  • the invention has the following advantages: The invention has only the rotary motion about the axis direction of the collimating device, and there is no axial movement along the collimating device, so that the control device is aligned with the control complexity and difficulty of the straight device.
  • the axial dimension of the collimating device can be reduced, thereby reducing the weight of the collimating device, saving material, and processing and manufacturing the cartridge;
  • the body and the switch body enable the switch body to allow or block the radiation to pass through the collimation hole, thereby increasing the speed at which the radiation therapy device switches from the treatment state to the non-treatment state, and reducing unnecessary damage of the radiation to the human body.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a radiotherapy apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a collimating apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a collimating device in an axial X direction according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • a collimating device, a radiation device for a radiotherapy device, and a radiotherapy device includes an axially hollow collimator and a switch body, and the switch body is rotatably disposed In the axially hollow collimator, the driving device drives the collimator and the switch body to rotate independently, and the hole can be used to quickly convert the radiotherapy device between the treatment state and the non-treatment state, and the radiation therapy device is improved from the treatment state.
  • the speed of conversion to non-therapeutic state reduces the damage of radiation to the human body; Moreover, since the collimating device only has a rotational motion about the axis direction, there is no axial movement along the collimating device, so that the control difficulty of aligning the driving device with the straight device is reduced. Small, this can improve the control precision of the driving device to the straight device, and because there is no axial movement, the axial dimension of the collimating device can be reduced, thereby reducing the weight of the collimating device, saving materials, and processing and manufacturing the cartridge single.
  • a radiotherapy apparatus includes: a device for carrying a human body (not shown); a radiation source holder 10; a radiation source 20 disposed in the radiation source holder, the radiation source holder 10 having the function of shielding the radiation emitted by the radiation source 20; the collimating device 30 for discharging the radiation source Compensating the ray, the collimating body includes an axially hollow collimating body 31 and a switch body 32 rotatably disposed through the axial hollow collimating body 31; a collimator bracket 40 for supporting the quasi-straight
  • the straight device 30 is a common knowledge in the art and is not mentioned here; a first driving device (not shown) is connected to the axially hollow collimating body 31 for driving the driving device.
  • the axially hollow collimating body 31 rotates about its central axis.
  • the first driving device is common knowledge in the art, and may be, for example, a motor.
  • the second driving device (not shown) is connected to the switch body 32.
  • the driving body 32 is driven to rotate about a central axis of the collimating body 31.
  • the second driving device is common knowledge in the art, and may be, for example, a motor.
  • the collimating device 30 comprises: an axially hollow collimating body 31, wherein the axial hollow collimating body 31 has at least one set of collimating holes 33, each set The center line of the collimating hole is focused on a common focus 0, and the distribution law of each set of collimating holes 33 matches the distribution law of the radioactive source 20; the switch that is rotatably disposed in the hollow collimating body 31
  • the body 32 is for allowing or blocking the radiation 21 to pass through the collimating hole 33.
  • the collimating body 31 has three sets of collimating holes 33, which are respectively a first group of collimating holes 331, a second group of collimating holes 332 and a third group.
  • a collimating hole 333 each of the collimating holes includes at least one row of collimating holes, each of the collimating holes includes a plurality of collimating holes, and in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radioactive sources 20 are in two rows.
  • the corresponding number of rows of collimating holes of each group is also two rows; the diameters of the apertures of the first group of collimating holes 331, the second group of collimating holes 332 and the third group of collimating holes 333 are different, for different sizes of lesions
  • the radiation emitted by the radiation source may be aligned by collimating the collimating holes of the corresponding apertures by rotating the collimating body 31; and in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the collimating holes 33 are three groups, in other embodiments,
  • the number of collimating holes can be set according to the size of the required collimator aperture. In the specific embodiment, the number of collimating holes is generally 1 to 12, that is, Direct loading There are 12 sets of collimating holes with different apertures.
  • the number of collimating holes in each group can also be set according to actual needs, which is not limited herein, and may range from 1 to 24.
  • the aperture size of the collimating hole may range from 1 mm to 50 mm, and the aperture of each set of collimating holes may be set according to actual application requirements.
  • the collimating body 31 is cylindrical, however the shape of the collimating body 31 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, but may be a regular polyhedral cylinder, and other shapes. Referring to FIG. 6, a projection view of a collimating device on a radial plane according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the collimating body 3 is a regular hexahedron, and the distribution law of the collimating hole 33' is The distribution rules of the radioactive sources are matched and will not be described in detail here.
  • the switch body 32 has a set of switch holes 34, and each set of switch holes includes at least one row of switch holes, and each row of switch holes A plurality of switch holes are included.
  • the radiation source 20 is two rows, each of which has two rows of collimation holes, and the number of rows of each group of switch holes is also two rows; each group of switch holes 34 The center line is focused on the common focus 0, and the distribution law of each set of switch holes matches the distribution law of the collimation holes 33.
  • the switch body 32 is a cylinder. In other embodiments of the present invention, the switch body 32 may also be a regular multi-faceted cylinder. It should be noted that, in the preferred embodiment, the switch holes are a group. In other embodiments, the switch holes may also be more than one group, as long as the switch body can function as a radiation switch of the radiation source. Just fine.
  • the number of the switch holes on the switch body is not limited, and can be set according to actual needs.
  • the first driving device and the second driving device respectively drive the collimating body 31 and the switch body 32 to make the switch hole 34 of the switch body 32 and the collimating hole 33 on the collimating body 31.
  • the radiotherapy device is in a treatment state, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 (in order to more clearly show the alignment state of the collimation hole and the switch hole, only a set of collimation holes aligned with the switch hole are shown in the figure, other
  • the radiation 21 emitted by the radiation source 20 passes through the collimator in the set of collimating holes 33 and the switch hole 34 and is focused on the common focus 0.
  • the radiation is located in the collimation hole 33.
  • the public focus is 0, so that the purpose of killing harmful cells can be achieved.
  • the first driving device and the second driving device respectively drive the collimating body 31 and the switch body 32 to make the switch hole 34 of the switch body 32 and the collimating hole 33 on the collimating body 31 misaligned.
  • the radiation therapy device is in a non-therapeutic state. Due to the separate rotation of the collimator and the switch body, the radiation therapy device can be quickly switched between the treated state and the non-treated state to achieve the purpose of reducing the irradiation of normal cells.
  • Each row of the switch holes described above may also be replaced by a strip hole extending in the axial direction of the switch body. When the strip switch hole on the switch body is aligned with the collimation hole on the collimator body, the radiation is emitted.
  • the treatment device is in a therapeutic state when in a switched state.
  • the radiotherapy apparatus of the present invention further includes a frame 50, and a housing 60 connected to the frame 50.
  • the housing 60 is disposed on and connected to the radioactive source holder 10, and the housing 60 is covered. It is disposed on the collimator 31.
  • the collimating device of the present invention has the same specific structure as the collimating device of the radiotherapy device described above, and is not described herein. Those skilled in the art can know the radiotherapy device of the present invention according to the essence of the present invention. A specific embodiment of a collimating device.
  • the radiation device of the present invention comprises a radiation source holder, a radiation source disposed in the radiation source holder, and a collimating device for collimating the radiation emitted by the radiation source, wherein the radiation source holder is disposed at the radiation source.
  • the radioactive source and collimation device in the stent have been described in the detailed description of the radiotherapy device described above. The description is specifically made and will not be described herein. Those skilled in the art can know the specific embodiment of the collimating device for the radiotherapy apparatus of the present invention according to the essence of the present invention.
  • the invention can drive the collimator and the switch body to rotate respectively by the driving device, so that the collimating hole and the switch hole are aligned, and the collimators of different apertures can be set in the collimating holes of different groups, so that the lesions of different sizes can be targeted.
  • the collimating device has no axial direction movement, so that the driving device is aligned with the straight device, because the collimator of different apertures is selected by the rotation of the collimating body and the switch body.
  • the control difficulty is reduced, which can improve the motion control accuracy of the driving device in alignment with the straight device, and reduce the axial dimension of the collimating device, thereby saving material, reducing weight, processing and manufacturing the cartridge.
  • the rotation alignment body is only used with respect to the prior art. To switch from the treatment state to the non-treatment state, the switching speed is fast, and the radiation damage to the human body can be reduced.
  • the switch body may also be a plate-shaped body, and the plate-shaped body is driven to rotate by the second driving device, so that the plate-like body allows or blocks the radiation to pass through the collimating hole and is located at the common focus.
  • the lesions can also achieve the objects of the invention described above.
  • the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and in order to enable a person skilled in the art to better understand the spirit of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific description of the specific embodiment, any field in the field. A person skilled in the art can make modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

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Abstract

一种放射治疗装置、辐射装置及准直装置，其中准直装置包括：轴向中空的准直体，所述轴向中空准直体具有至少一组准直孔，每一组准直孔的中心线聚焦于一公共焦点，且每组准直孔的分布规律与所述放射源的分布规律相匹配；可旋转设于所述轴向中空准直体中的开关体，用于允许或阻挡所述放射线穿过所述准直孔。本发明可以提高对准直装置的控制精度，减小准直装置的轴向尺寸，从而可以减小准直装置重量，节省材料，而且加工和制造简单；通过同时旋转准直体和开关体实现开关体允许或阻挡所述放射线穿过所述准直孔，提高放射治疗装置从治疗状态转换为非治疗状态的速度。

Description

放射治疗装置、 辐射装置及准直装置
本申请要求于 2010 年 9 月 30 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010503162.9、 发明名称为 "放射治疗装置、 辐射装置及准直装置"的中国 专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于肿瘤等疾病治疗的医疗设备，尤其涉及一种放射治疗 装置、 辐射装置及准直装置。
背景技术
放射治疗是利用放射线如放射性同位素产生的 α、 β、 γ射线和各类 χ射线治 疗机或加速器产生的 X射线、 电子线、 质子束及其它粒子束等治疗恶性肿瘤等 疾病的一种方法。
现有技术具有多种利用放射线治疗肿瘤等疾病的设备， 例如申请号为 "200620337766.3" 的中国专利公开的 "一种医用放射治疗装置结构" ， 申请 号为 "200510032933.2" 的中国专利公开的 "一种放射治疗装置" , 专利号为 "US4993189" 的美国专利公开的一种校正 X射线束的准直装置。 其中， 申请 号为 "200510032933.2" 的中国专利中公开的 "一种放射治疗装置" 包括： 回 转支架、 固定在回转支架两端的回转支撑环、与回转支撑环轴向定位转动配合 的回转环、 穿过回转环中央的治疗床、 固定在回转环之间的辐射装置、 固定在 回转环之间并与辐射装置配重的平衡体、通过回转环驱动辐射装置转动的驱动 装置、 主机控制系统以及检测反馈系统。 其中， 辐射装置内设置源体， 源体内 设有可拆卸的载有放射源的源匣， 以及与源匣和源体间隙配合的圆柱形准直 体， 圆柱形准直体上设有三排沿轴向直线分布的放射通道， 第一排和第三排放 射通道内分别相互间隔地安装两组不同孔径的准直器，第二排放射通道内安装 一组屏蔽塞； 其中第一实施例中， 圆柱形准直体的两端分别联接左向螺旋传动 机构和右向螺旋传动机构，通过驱动装置驱动左向螺旋传动机构或者右向螺旋 传动机构可以使圆柱形准直体沿轴向运动并绕中心轴线旋转； 第二实施例中， 圆柱形准直体的一端连接螺旋传动机构， 另一端连接圆周运动传动机构，通过 驱动装置驱动螺旋传动机构以及圆周运动传动机构。该现有技术的放射治疗装 置，使圆柱形准直体沿轴向运动并绕中心轴线旋转， 达到切换圆柱形准直体上 的不同孔径的准直器，射出不同束径的射线，对不同面积的病灶进行放射治疗； 并且也是通过旋转圆柱形准直体使屏蔽塞屏蔽放射源的放射线，使放射治疗装 置处于非治疗状态。
然而，在该现有技术的放射治疗装置中， 由于驱动装置不仅驱动圆柱形准 直体绕中心轴线圆周运动， 而且在轴向方向有螺旋传动， 势必使驱动装置对准 直体的运动控制复杂度和难度增加， 从而降低控制精度； 另外， 由于轴向螺旋 运动使放射治疗装置的轴向尺寸增加， 不仅使准直装置材料成本增加， 重量变 大， 加工和制造更麻烦； 另一方面， 在由治疗状态向非治疗状态转换时， 为了 减小不必要的辐射， 需要尽快的对射线进行屏蔽， 因此其转换速度越快越好， 而现有技术中屏蔽转换速度较慢。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种放射治疗装置，可以提高放射治疗装置 的运动控制精度、 减小其轴向尺寸、 减小其准直体重量、 使加工和制造筒单； 以及提高从治疗状态转换为非治疗状态的速度。 为解决上述问题， 本发明提供一种准直装置， 用于对放射源发出的放射线 进行准直， 包括： 轴向中空的准直体， 所述轴向中空准直体具有至少一组准直 孔，每一组准直孔的中心线聚焦于一公共焦点，且每组准直孔的分布规律与所 述放射源的分布规律相匹配；
可旋转设于所述轴向中空准直体中的开关体，用于允许或阻挡所述放射线 穿过所述准直孔。
可选的， 所述开关体上具有至少一组开关孔，每一组开关孔的中心线聚焦 于所述公共焦点，且所述每组开关孔的分布规律与所述准直孔的分布规律相匹 配， 在所述准直孔和所述开关孔对准时， 所述放射线穿过所述准直孔。
可选的， 所述轴向中空的准直体为圆柱体或正多面柱体。
可选的， 所述开关体为圆柱体或正多面柱体。
可选的， 所述开关体为板状体。
可选的， 所述每一组准直孔包括至少一排准直孔，每排准直孔包括多个准 直孔。
可选的， 所述每一组开关孔包括至少一排开关孔，每排开关孔包括多个开 关孔或一条状孔。
本发明还提供一种用于放射治疗装置的辐射装置， 包括放射源支架，设于 放射源支架内的放射源， 准直装置， 所述准直装置为以上所述的准直装置。
本发明还提供一种放射治疗装置， 包括：
放射源支架；
设于所述放射源支架内的放射源；
准直装置， 该准直装置为以上所述的准直装置； 准直装置支架， 用于支撑所述准直装置；
第一驱动装置， 与所述轴向中空的准直体连接， 用于使所述轴向中空的准 直体绕其中心轴线旋转；
第二驱动装置， 与所述开关体连接，用于使所述开关体绕所述准直体的中 心轴线旋转。
可选的， 还包括： 机架， 与所述机架连接的外壳；
所述外壳盖设于所述放射源支架， 并与其连接， 所述外壳盖设于所述准直 体上。 与现有技术相比， 本发明具有以下优点： 本发明由于准直装置只有绕轴线方向的旋转运动，没有沿准直装置轴向的 运动， 使驱动装置对准直装置的控制复杂度和难度减小， 提高控制精度， 并且 由于没有轴向运动， 可以减小准直装置的轴向尺寸，从而可以减小准直装置重 量， 节省材料， 而且加工和制造筒单； 可以通过同时旋转准直体和开关体，使开关体允许或阻挡所述放射线穿过 所述准直孔，提高放射治疗装置从治疗状态转换为非治疗状态的速度， 减少放 射线对人体不必要的伤害。
附图说明 图 1是本发明一较佳具体实施例的放射治疗装置的截面示意图； 图 2是本发明一较佳具体实施例的准直装置的立体图； 图 3是本发明一较佳具体实施例的准直装置在径向 Y平面上的投影图； 图 4是本发明一较佳具体实施例的准直装置在轴向 X方向上的截面示意 图；
图 5是本发明一较佳具体实施例的准直装置处于治疗状态的投影示意图； 图 6是本发明另一较佳具体实施例的准直装置在径向平面上的投影图。 具体实施方式 本发明的具体实施方式中准直装置、用于放射治疗装置的辐射装置以及放 射治疗装置， 准直装置包括轴向中空的准直体和开关体， 开关体可旋转的贯设 于轴向中空的准直体中， 利用驱动装置分别驱动准直体和开关体独立旋转， 可 孔，使放射治疗装置快速地在治疗状态与非治疗状态之间， 转换提高放射治疗 装置从治疗状态转换为非治疗状态的速度， 减少放射线对人体的伤害； 而且， 由于准直装置只有绕轴线方向的旋转运动， 没有沿准直装置轴向的运动，使驱 动装置对准直装置的控制难度减小，这样可以提高驱动装置对准直装置的控制 精度， 并且由于没有轴向运动， 可以减小准直装置的轴向尺寸， 从而可以减小 准直装置重量， 节省材料， 而且加工和制造筒单。
为了使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明的实质，下面结合附图对 本发明具体实施例的准直装置、 放射治疗装置以及辐射装置做详细说明。
图 1为本发明具体实施例的放射治疗装置的剖面结构示意图。 参考图 1 , 本发明具体实施例的放射治疗装置， 包括： 承载人体的装置（图中未示）； 放 射源支架 10; 设于所述放射源支架内的放射源 20, 所述放射源支架 10具有屏 蔽放射源 20放射的放射线的作用； 准直装置 30, 用于对所述放射源发出的放 射线进行准直， 所述准直包括轴向中空的准直体 31 以及可旋转贯设于所述轴 向中空准直体 31的开关体 32; 准直装置支架 40, 用于支撑所述准直装置 30, 该准直装置支架为本领域公知常识，在此不做赞述；第一驱动装置（图中未示）， 与所述轴向中空的准直体 31连接，用于驱动所述轴向中空的准直体 31绕其中 心轴线旋转， 该第一驱动装置为本领域公知常识， 例如可以为一马达； 第二驱 动装置（图中未示）， 与所述开关体 32连接， 用于驱动所述开关体 32绕所述 准直体 31的中心轴线旋转， 该第二驱动装置为本领域公知常识， 例如可以为 一马达。
结合参考图 2、 图 3和图 4, 该准直装置 30包括： 轴向中空的准直体 31 , 其中， 所述轴向中空准直体 31具有至少一组准直孔 33 , 每一组准直孔的中心 线聚焦于一公共焦点 0,且每组准直孔 33的分布规律与所述放射源 20的分布 规律相匹配； 可旋转贯设于所述中空准直体 31内的开关体 32, 用于允许或阻 挡所述放射线 21穿过所述准直孔 33。
在图示所示的本发明的较佳实施例中，所述准直体 31具有三组准直孔 33 , 分别为第一组准直孔 331 , 第二组准直孔 332和第三组准直孔 333 , 每一组准 直孔包括至少一排准直孔，每排准直孔包括多个准直孔，在本发明的的该较佳 实施例中， 放射源 20为两排， 相应的每一组准直孔的排数也为两排； 第一组 准直孔 331、 第二组准直孔 332和第三组准直孔 333的孔径的大小不同， 针对 不同大小的病灶， 可以通过旋转准直体 31使放射源放射的放射线经过相应的 孔径的准直孔准直后照射病灶； 在本发明的具体实施例中， 准直孔 33为三组， 在其他实施例中准直孔的组数可以根据所需的准直器孔径的大小，设置准直孔 的组数， 在具体实施例中， 准直孔的组数一般为 1~12组， 也就是说， 准直装 置有 12组不同孔径的准直孔； 另外， 每一组的准直孔的个数也可以根据实际 需要进行设置， 在此不做限定， 其范围可以为 1~24。 在具体实施例中， 准直 孔的孔径大小范围可以在 lmm~50mm之间， 可以根据实际应用的需要设置每 组准直孔的孔径。 在本发明的具体实施例中， 准直体 31为圆柱形， 然而该准 直体 31的形状不限于圆柱形， 也可以为正多面柱体， 以及其他形状。 参考图 6, 为本发明另一较佳具体实施例的准直装置在径向平面上的投影图， 该具体 实施例中， 准直体 3 为正六面体， 准直孔 33'的分布规律与放射源的分布规律 相匹配， 在此不做详述。
参考图 2、 图 3和图 4, 在本发明较佳实施例中， 所述开关体 32上具有一 组开关孔 34, 所述每一组开关孔包括至少一排开关孔， 每排开关孔包括多个 开关孔， 在该具体实施例中， 放射源 20为两排， 每一组准直孔为两排， 每一 组开关孔的排数也为两排；每一组开关孔 34的中心线聚焦于所述公共焦点 0, 且所述每组开关孔的分布规律与所述准直孔 33的分布规律相匹配， 在所述准 直孔 33和所述开关孔 34对准时， 也就是说， 在该组开关孔 34和其中一组准 直孔 33对准时， 放射源 20放射的放射线 21通过准直孔 33和开关孔 34可以 照射位于公共焦点 0的病灶。 在本发明的具体实施例中， 所述开关体 32为圆 柱体， 在本发明的其他实施例中， 所述开关体 32也可以为正多面柱体。 需要 说明的是， 在该较佳实施例中， 开关孔为一组， 在其他的实施例中， 开关孔也 可以为一组以上，只要满足开关体可以起到放射源放射的放射线的开关作用即 可。另夕卜，开关体上的开关孔的数目也不做限定，可以根据实际需要进行设置。 为了使放射治疗装置处于治疗状态，由第一驱动装置和第二驱动装置分别驱动 准直体 31和开关体 32, 使开关体 32的开关孔 34与准直体 31上的准直孔 33 对准， 放射治疗装置处于治疗状态， 参考图 4和图 5 (为了更清楚的显示准直 孔和开关孔的对准状态， 图中只显示和开关孔对准的一组准直孔， 其他准直孔 图中未示），放射源 20放射的放射线 21经过一组准直孔 33内的准直器以及开 关孔 34后聚焦于公共焦点 0, 在对病人进行放射治疗时， 病灶即位于该公共 焦点 0, 从而可以达到杀死有害细胞的目的。 在治疗完成后， 再由第一驱动装 置和第二驱动装置分别驱动准直体 31和开关体 32, 使开关体 32的开关孔 34 与准直体 31上的准直孔 33非对准，放射治疗装置处于非治疗状态。 由于利用 准直体和开关体的分别旋转，可以快速地将放射治疗装置在治疗状态和非治疗 状态之间进行切换， 以达到减少对正常细胞的照射的目的。 以上所述的每排开 关孔也可以用一条状孔取代， 该条状孔沿开关体轴向方向延伸， 当开关体上的 条状开关孔与准直体上的准直孔对准时，放射治疗装置处于治疗状态， 当开关 态。
参考图 1 , 本发明的放射治疗装置还包括机架 50、 与所述机架 50连接的 外壳 60; 所述外壳 60盖设于所述放射源支架 10, 并与其连接， 所述外壳 60 盖设于所述准直体 31上。 本发明的准直装置和以上所述放射治疗装置的准直 装置的具体结构相同，在此不做赞述， 本领域的技术人员根据本发明的实质可 以获知本发明的用于放射治疗装置的准直装置的具体实施例。 本发明的辐射装置包括放射源支架，设于放射源支架内的放射源， 准直装 置， 用于对所述放射源发出的放射线进行准直， 其中， 所述放射源支架、 设于 放射源支架内的放射源、准直装置在以上所述放射治疗装置的具体描述中已经 具体进行了描述，在此不做赘述， 本领域的技术人员根据本发明的实质可以获 知本发明的用于放射治疗装置的准直装置的具体实施例。
本发明可以通过驱动装置分别驱动准直体和开关体旋转，使准直孔和开关 孔对准， 并且不同组的准直孔内可以设置不同孔径的准直器， 这样可以针对不 同大小的病灶分别进行治疗，由于通过准直体和开关体的旋转来实现不同孔径 的准直器的选择， 因此相对于现有技术， 该准直装置没有轴向方向的运动， 使 驱动装置对准直装置的控制难度减小，这样可以提高驱动装置对准直装置的运 动控制精度， 并且减小准直装置的轴向尺寸， 从而可以节省材料、 减轻重量、 使加工和制造筒单。 另外， 由于可以通过使准直体和开关体同时旋转来实现准 直孔和开关孔非对准， 即实现从治疗状态切换为非治疗状态， 因此相对于现有 技术的只通过旋转准直体来实现从治疗状态到非治疗状态的切换， 切换速度 快， 可以减少放射线对人体的伤害。
在本发明的其他实施例中， 所述开关体也可以为板状体，通过第二驱动装 置驱动板状体旋转，可以使板状体允许或阻挡放射线穿过准直孔照射位于公共 焦点 0的病灶， 同样可以达到以上所述的本发明的目的。 以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，为了使本领域技术人员更好的理解本 发明的精神，然而本发明的保护范围并不以该具体实施例的具体描述为限定范 围，任何本领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明精神的范围内， 可以对本发明的具 体实施例做修改， 而不脱离本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种准直装置， 用于对放射源发出的放射线进行准直， 其特征在于， 包括： 轴向中空的准直体， 所述轴向中空准直体具有至少一组准直孔，每一组准直孔 的中心线聚焦于一公共焦点，且每组准直孔的分布规律与所述放射源的分布规 律相匹配；
可旋转设置于所述轴向中空准直体中的开关体，用于允许或阻挡所述放射 线穿过所述准直孔。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的准直装置， 其特征在于， 所述开关体上具有至少一组 开关孔，每一组开关孔的中心线聚焦于所述公共焦点，且所述每组开关孔的分 布规律与所述准直孔的分布规律相匹配， 在所述准直孔和所述开关孔对准时， 所述放射线穿过所述准直孔。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的准直装置， 其特征在于， 所述轴向中空的准直体为圆 柱体或正多面柱体。
4. 如权利要求 2所述的准直装置， 其特征在于， 所述开关体为圆柱体或正多 面柱体。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的准直装置， 其特征在于， 所述开关体为板状体。
6. 如权利要求 2所述的准直装置， 其特征在于， 所述每一组准直孔包括至少 一排准直孔， 每排准直孔包括多个准直孔。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的准直装置， 其特征在于， 所述每一组开关孔包括至少 一排开关孔， 每排开关孔包括多个开关孔或一条状孔。
8. 一种用于放射治疗装置的辐射装置， 包括放射源支架， 设于放射源支架内 的放射源， 准直装置， 其特征在于： 所述准直装置为权利要求 1~7任一项所述 的准直装置。
9. 一种放射治疗装置， 其特征在于包括：
放射源支架；
设于所述放射源支架内的放射源；
权利要求 1~7任一项所述的准直装置；
准直装置支架， 用于支撑所述准直装置；
第一驱动装置， 与所述轴向中空的准直体连接， 用于使所述轴向中空的准 直体绕其中心轴线旋转；
第二驱动装置， 与所述开关体连接，用于使所述开关体绕所述准直体的中 心轴线旋转。
10.如权利要求 9所述的放射治疗装置， 其特征在于， 还包括： 机架， 与所述 机架连接的外壳；
所述外壳盖设于所述放射源支架， 并与其连接， 所述外壳盖设于所述准直 体上。
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