WO2016009680A1 - 固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016009680A1 WO2016009680A1 PCT/JP2015/059942 JP2015059942W WO2016009680A1 WO 2016009680 A1 WO2016009680 A1 WO 2016009680A1 JP 2015059942 W JP2015059942 W JP 2015059942W WO 2016009680 A1 WO2016009680 A1 WO 2016009680A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor layer
- conductive polymer
- solid electrolytic
- electrolytic capacitor
- capacitor element
- Prior art date
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
- H01G9/0036—Formation of the solid electrolyte layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solid electrolytic capacitor element. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing a solid electrolytic capacitor element with high productivity and few defective products such as unsealed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a photopolymerization apparatus and a photopolymerization method capable of suitably forming a reaction product containing an electrically conductive polymer.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of synthesizing benzo [c] thiophene by irradiating light in a gas phase, a liquid phase or a solid phase containing a 1,3-dihydrobenzo [c] thiophene compound.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a moldability or film-forming composition that can be polymerized by light irradiation to change only the irradiated portion to be conductive, and can produce a conductive composite material uniformly mixed with a general-purpose polymer. Disclosure.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor element includes a sintering process in which a valve metal is sintered to form an anode body, a chemical conversion process in which a dielectric layer is formed on a surface layer portion of the anode body, and the anode body is made of a conductive polymer monomer.
- Manufacturing by a manufacturing method including a semiconductor layer forming step of forming a semiconductor layer by immersing in a solution and polymerizing the monomer and a conductor layer forming step of forming a conductive layer on the anode body in this order. Can do.
- darkening or floating matter may be generated in the monomer solution of the conductive polymer used for forming the semiconductor layer after forming the semiconductor layer. This darkening or floating matter may adhere to the semiconductor layer and cause a defective product such as unsealed.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a method for producing a solid electrolytic capacitor element with high productivity and few defective products such as unsealed.
- the present inventors presumed that the cause of darkening and suspended matter was illegal photopolymerization of the conductive polymer in the monomer solution based on Patent Documents 1 to 3.
- the problem is to prevent this photopolymerization and to prevent the occurrence of darkening and floating matters.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [6].
- a semiconductor layer forming step of forming a semiconductor layer made of a conductive polymer by immersing in the polymer and polymerizing the monomer, and a conductor layer forming step of forming a conductor layer on the anode body in this order A method for manufacturing a solid electrolytic capacitor element, wherein the semiconductor layer forming step is performed under a condition in which photopolymerization of the monomer of the conductive polymer does not occur.
- the condition in which the photopolymerization of the monomer of the conductive polymer does not occur is a condition in which the integrated irradiation light amount of light having a wavelength of 150 to 450 nm in the semiconductor layer forming step is 10 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- Manufacturing method of the solid electrolytic capacitor element [3] The method for producing a solid electrolytic capacitor element according to [1] or [2], wherein the conductive polymer is at least one selected from polyethylene dioxythiophene, polypyrrole, and derivatives thereof.
- the method for producing a solid electrolytic capacitor element according to [1], wherein a condition in which the photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur is a light shielding condition.
- valve metal is at least one selected from tantalum, niobium, tungsten, and aluminum.
- valve metal is tantalum and / or tungsten.
- unauthorized photopolymerization of the conductive polymer in the semiconductor layer forming step can be prevented.
- defective products such as unsealed solid electrolytic capacitor elements to be manufactured are reduced, and productivity is improved.
- 4 is a stereoscopic microscope photograph (magnification: 20 times) of the surface of the anode body after the semiconductor layer forming step in Example 2.
- 4 is a stereomicrograph (magnification: 20 times) of the surface of the anode body after the semiconductor layer forming step in Comparative Example 2.
- the method for producing a solid electrolytic capacitor element of the present invention includes a sintering step in which a valve action metal is sintered to form an anode body, a chemical conversion step in which a dielectric layer is formed on a surface layer portion of the anode body, and the anode body is made conductive.
- the semiconductor layer is formed in a state where the anode body or the monomer solution is irradiated with light such as a fluorescent lamp in order to confirm the state of the semiconductor layer formation or for convenience of various operations.
- light such as a fluorescent lamp
- the semiconductor layer forming step is performed under the condition that the photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur, thereby preventing the occurrence of darkening and floating substances.
- the condition under which the photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur is preferably a condition in which the integrated irradiation light amount of light having a wavelength of 150 to 450 nm in the semiconductor layer forming step is 10 mJ / cm 2 or less, and more preferably, light shielding. It is a condition.
- the insulating metal oxide constituting the dielectric layer of the solid electrolytic capacitor element includes those having photoactivity. Therefore, when the semiconductor layer is formed in a state where the anode body or the monomer solution is exposed to light, the insulating metal oxide is photoactivated, which promotes illegal photopolymerization of the conductive polymer described above, There is a possibility that the polymer of the conductive polymer formed as will be cut. In the production method of the present invention, the formation of the semiconductor layer can be prevented by forming the semiconductor layer under conditions where photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur, and the semiconductor layer can be more suitably formed.
- the main component of the dielectric layer is tungsten trioxide. Since tungsten trioxide has high photoactivity, it is preferable to use the production method of the present invention.
- valve action metals such as tantalum, niobium, tungsten, and aluminum, alloys and compositions containing these metals as main components, and conductive oxides of these metals are preferable. Two or more kinds of these powders may be mixed and used.
- the alloy includes one in which a part of the metal is alloyed.
- the anode body may contain a metal other than the main component as long as it does not adversely affect the capacitor characteristics.
- the metal other than the main component include valve metals such as tantalum, niobium, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, hafnium, and zirconium.
- tungsten When using tungsten as the valve action metal, commercially available tungsten powder can be used as the raw material tungsten powder. Tungsten powder having a particle size smaller than that of commercially available tungsten powder by a method such as reduction of tungsten trioxide powder in a hydrogen gas atmosphere can be preferably used.
- the tungsten powder is more preferably a granulated tungsten powder (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “granulated powder”) because pores are easily formed in the anode body.
- granulated powder at least one selected from tungsten silicide powder, tungsten carbide powder, tungsten boride powder, and tungsten powder in which nitrogen is solidified is preferably used.
- the tungsten granulated powder described above also includes tungsten granulated powder partially silicified, carbonized, borated, and partially solidified with nitrogen.
- the tungsten silicide powder can be obtained, for example, by thoroughly mixing silicon powder with tungsten powder and heating under reduced pressure conditions.
- tungsten silicide such as W 5 WSi 3 is formed locally in a region usually within 50 nm from the particle surface. Therefore, the center portion of the particles remains as a metal, and the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor anode body can be kept low, which is preferable.
- the pressure for siliciding tungsten is preferably 10 -1 Pa or less, more preferably 10 -3 Pa or less.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 1100 ° C. or higher and 2600 ° C. or lower. When the reaction temperature is within the above range, silicidation does not take too much time, and there is a low possibility that problems such as vaporization of silicon and alloying with the metal of the electrode (such as molybdenum) cause the electrode to become brittle.
- the tungsten powder may further contain oxygen and phosphorus.
- the tungsten powder has a total content of impurity elements other than the aforementioned silicon, carbon, boron, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus elements of 0.1% by mass or less. It is preferable to suppress.
- the forming process may be performed before sintering the valve action metal described above.
- the valve action metal to be formed may be any of granulated powder, ungranulated powder, and a mixture of granulated powder and ungranulated powder.
- a binder may be mixed and molded. Further, the porosity and molding density of the anode body can be adjusted by adjusting the molding pressure.
- an anode lead wire for forming a terminal of the anode body may be embedded in the molded body and planted.
- a metal wire of valve action metal can be used as the anode lead wire, but a metal plate or metal foil may be planted or connected to the anode body.
- the valve action metal is sintered to form an anode body.
- the valve metal may be ungranulated, but may be granulated and molded as described above.
- the anode body can be manufactured in the shape of a foil, a plate, a wire or the like. It is preferable to form a porous body having pores or fine gaps between the internal particles because the capacity of the produced capacitor element is increased.
- such an anode body can be manufactured according to a usual method.
- the process which contains silicification, boride or carbonization, nitrogen, phosphorus etc. at the time of baking can also be performed.
- the pressure in the sintering is preferably a reduced pressure condition of 10 2 Pa or less, for example.
- the sintering temperature is preferably 1000 to 2000 ° C., more preferably 1100 to 1700 ° C., and still more preferably 1200 to 1600 ° C.
- a dielectric layer is formed on the surface layer portion of the anode body obtained in the above-described sintering step.
- the dielectric layer can be formed by performing a chemical conversion treatment.
- the chemical conversion treatment can be performed according to a conventional method, and either chemical oxidation or electrolytic oxidation may be used, or both may be repeated.
- Chemical oxidation can be performed by immersing the anode body in the chemical conversion solution.
- Electrolytic oxidation can be carried out by applying a voltage after the anode body is immersed in the chemical conversion solution. The voltage is applied between the anode body (anode) and the counter electrode (cathode).
- Energization of the anode body can be performed through an anode lead wire. It is preferable that the voltage application starts at a predetermined initial current density, maintains the current density value, and maintains the voltage after reaching a predetermined voltage (formation voltage).
- the formation voltage can be appropriately set according to a desired withstand voltage.
- the chemical conversion liquid is not particularly limited, and an aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent used in a conventional method can be used.
- an aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent used in a conventional method can be used.
- tantalum is used as the valve action metal
- a phosphoric acid aqueous solution, a nitric acid aqueous solution, a sulfuric acid aqueous solution or the like can be used as the chemical conversion solution.
- the oxidizing agent is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of manganese (VII) compounds, chromium (VI) compounds, halogen acid compounds, persulfate compounds and organic peroxides.
- manganese (VII) compounds such as permanganate; chromium (VI) compounds such as chromium trioxide, chromate and dichromate; perchloric acid, chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid and the like And halogen acid compounds such as salts thereof; organic acid peroxides such as peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid and salts and derivatives thereof; and persulfuric acid compounds such as persulfuric acid and salts thereof.
- persulfate compounds such as ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and potassium hydrogen persulfate are preferable from the viewpoints of ease of handling, stability as an oxidizing agent, water solubility, and capacity increase.
- oxidizing agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an aqueous solution containing a neutral salt such as ammonium adipate or ammonium benzoate can be used as the chemical conversion liquid.
- the concentration of the oxidizing agent, the formation temperature, the formation time and the like may be determined according to a conventional method, and are not particularly limited.
- the anode body may be washed with water. It is preferable to remove the chemical conversion liquid as much as possible by this washing. After washing with water, it is preferable to remove water adhering to the surface or water soaked in the pores of the anode body.
- the removal of water can be carried out, for example, by performing a heat treatment in contact with a solvent miscible with water (propanol, ethanol, methanol, etc.).
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 100 to 200 ° C. or higher.
- the heat treatment time is not particularly limited as long as the stability of the dielectric layer can be maintained.
- the anode layer on which the dielectric layer is formed by the above-described method is immersed in a monomer solution of a conductive polymer, and the monomer is polymerized to form the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer forming step is performed under the condition where photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur, thereby preventing the above-mentioned darkening and floating matter.
- the conditions under which the photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur are preferably conditions in which the integrated irradiation light amount of light having a wavelength of 150 to 450 nm in the semiconductor layer forming step is 10 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- the integrated irradiation light amount is preferably 8 mJ / cm 2 or less, more preferably 6 mJ / cm 2 or less, and further preferably 4 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- the light source include a fluorescent lamp, sunlight, a light bulb, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, an LED, and a laser.
- Examples of a method for setting the cumulative amount of irradiation of light having a wavelength of 150 to 450 nm to 10 mJ / cm 2 or less include a method using a light shielding film and a yellow room.
- the conditions under which the photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur are more preferably light shielding conditions.
- the light-shielding condition refers to a condition in which light is essentially not applied, and is preferably a dark room, a state where the entire reaction apparatus is covered, or the like.
- the conductive polymer for the semiconductor layer for example, polyethylenedioxythiophene, polypyrrole, or derivatives or mixtures thereof can be used.
- a layer made of manganese dioxide or an island-shaped interspersed layer may be formed before, during or after the formation of the semiconductor layer.
- the polymerization liquid used for polymerization of the conductive polymer may contain a dopant. Examples of the dopant include toluene sulfonic acid, anthraquinone sulfonic acid, benzoquinone sulfonic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, or a salt thereof.
- the polymerization of the conductive polymer either chemical polymerization or electrolytic polymerization may be used, and both may be repeated. In either case, the polymerization is preferably carried out under conditions that do not cause photopolymerization of the conductive polymer.
- Chemical polymerization can be carried out by immersing the anode body in a polymerization solution.
- Electrolytic polymerization can be carried out by applying a voltage after immersing the anode body in a polymerization solution. The voltage can be applied in the same manner as the electrolytic oxidation in the chemical conversion step, but the energization condition is preferably a constant current condition.
- the concentration of the conductive polymer or dopant, the polymerization temperature, and the polymerization time may be determined according to a conventional method, and are not particularly limited.
- cleaning and heat treatment may be performed in the same manner as in the chemical conversion step.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably lower than that of the chemical conversion step in order to avoid deterioration of the semiconductor layer.
- post-forming may be performed to repair the damage generated in the dielectric layer.
- the post-chemical conversion step can be performed in the same manner as the chemical conversion step. However, in order to prevent deterioration of the semiconductor layer, the applied voltage is preferably lower than that in the chemical conversion step.
- washing and heat treatment may be performed in the same manner as in the semiconductor layer forming step. In addition, you may repeat from a semiconductor layer formation process to post-chemical conversion.
- a conductor layer is formed on the anode body on which the semiconductor layer is formed by the above-described method.
- the conductor layer may be formed according to a conventional method, for example, a method of sequentially laminating a silver layer on a carbon layer.
- the above capacitor element can be packaged with, for example, a resin mold to obtain solid electrolytic capacitor products for various uses.
- a cathode lead is electrically connected to the conductor layer, and a part of the cathode lead is exposed outside the exterior of the capacitor and becomes a cathode external terminal.
- an anode lead is electrically connected to the anode body via an anode lead wire, and a part of the anode lead is exposed to the outside of the exterior of the capacitor and becomes an anode external terminal.
- resin used for resin mold exterior what is used by a usual method, such as an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an alkyd resin, an ester resin, an allyl ester resin, or a mixture thereof, can be used. Sealing is preferably performed by transfer molding.
- the capacitor can be mounted on various electric circuits or electronic circuits and used by the manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- the particle size (volume average particle size) of the powder was measured using an HRA9320-X100 (laser diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer) manufactured by Microtrack. Specifically, the volume-based particle size distribution was measured with this apparatus, and in the cumulative distribution, the particle size value corresponding to the cumulative volume% of 50 volume% was defined as the volume average particle diameter D50 ( ⁇ m).
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1: (1) Sintering Step After a commercially available tantalum powder (trade name S-10, manufactured by GAM) was molded with a tantalum wire of 0.24 mm ⁇ , it was sintered in vacuum at 1320 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the size was 1 1,000 anode bodies having a size of 0.0 ⁇ 2.3 ⁇ 1.7 mm were produced. In the anode body, a tantalum wire was planted in the center of the 1.0 ⁇ 2.3 mm surface. The tantalum wire was planted so that 1.2 mm was inside the anode body and 8.5 mm was outside the anode body.
- S-10 commercially available tantalum powder
- the tantalum wire of the anode body was inserted in the connection socket part of the same jig as used in Example 1 of Japanese Patent No. 4620184, and 64 anode bodies were arranged. Similarly, five jigs on which the anode body was arranged were prepared. Using this jig, a predetermined portion of the anode body and the tantalum wire is immersed in a 2% by mass phosphoric acid aqueous solution, subjected to chemical conversion treatment at 60 ° C. and 10 V for 5 hours, and a dielectric layer made of tantalum pentoxide. Formed.
- the stainless steel container has a solution volume of 220 mL, a container size of 220 ⁇ 50 mm, and a height of 30 mm.
- a tantalum wire was connected to the positive electrode of the power source and a stainless steel container was connected to the negative electrode of the power source, and polymerization was carried out at 25 ° C. for 1 hour under constant current conditions of 60 ⁇ A / anode body. After electrolytic polymerization, washing with water and washing with ethanol were performed, and heat treatment was performed at 80 ° C.
- Example 1 (3) the semiconductor layer forming step and (4) the post-forming step were performed under light shielding conditions.
- the light shielding conditions were such that the entire reaction apparatus was covered.
- Comparative Example 1 all the steps were performed under a 20 W fluorescent lamp. The distance between the fluorescent lamp and the liquid level was 110 cm.
- Examples 2-3 and Comparative Example 2 (1) Sintering Step A tungsten powder (volume average particle diameter D50: 0.2 ⁇ m) obtained by reducing tungsten trioxide in a hydrogen atmosphere was added to 0.3% by mass of commercially available silicon powder (volume average particle diameter D50). 1 ⁇ m) and heated in vacuo at 1100 ° C. for 30 minutes. After heating, the temperature was returned to room temperature, taken out into the atmosphere, and crushed. The obtained tungsten granulated powder (volume average particle diameter D50: 59 ⁇ m) was sintered in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sintering temperature was 1260 ° C., and an anode body was produced. The ratio of the sintered body density to the green body density was 1.09. (2) Chemical conversion process It carried out like Example 1 except having used 3 mass% ammonium-persulfate aqueous solution as a solution, and having made chemical conversion temperature 50 degreeC.
- Example 3 was carried out in the same manner as Comparative Example 2 except that the 20 W fluorescent lamp was replaced with a 1 W miniature light bulb.
- Table 1 shows the state of the monomer solution after polymerization in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the number of elements having foreign matters attached to the semiconductor layer.
- the ratio of light having a wavelength of 150 to 450 nm is calculated as 30% for a 20 W fluorescent lamp and 5% for a 1 W mini-bulb
- the integrated amount of irradiation is 365 mJ / cm 2 in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the example. 2 was 3.0 mJ / cm 2 .
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show stereoscopic microscope photographs (magnification: 20 times) of the surface of the anode body after the semiconductor layer forming step in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, respectively.
- FIG. 2 the adhesion of foreign matters is seen near the center, but such foreign matters are not observed in FIG.
- Example 1 and 2 where the semiconductor layer formation step was performed under light-shielding conditions and Example 3 where the photopolymerization of the conductive polymer did not occur
- the monomer solution after the semiconductor layer formation was colorless and transparent, No element with foreign matter attached to the semiconductor layer was found.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the semiconductor layer formation step was performed under irradiation with a fluorescent lamp, the monomer solution after the semiconductor layer formation was darkened, floating substances were generated, and elements with foreign matters attached to the semiconductor layer were observed. Sealing occurred. From the above, it was confirmed that the formation of darkening and floating substances in the monomer solution and the unsealing can be prevented by performing the semiconductor layer forming step under the condition that the photopolymerization of the conductive polymer does not occur.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2は、1,3-ジヒドロベンゾ[c]チオフェン化合物を含む気相、液相または固相中に光を照射して、ベンゾ[c]チオフェンを合成する方法を開示している。
特許文献3は、光照射により重合させて、照射部分のみを導電性に変化させるとともに、汎用高分子と均一に混合された導電性の複合材料が製造可能な成形性またはフィルム形成性組成物を開示している。
[2]前記導電性高分子のモノマーの光重合が起こらない条件が、半導体層形成工程における波長150~450nmの光の照射積算光量を10mJ/cm2以下にする条件である[1]に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
[3]前記導電性高分子が、ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン、ポリピロール、及びそれらの誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも1つである[1]または[2]に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
[4]前記導電性高分子の光重合が起こらない条件が、遮光条件である[1]に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
[5]前記弁作用金属が、タンタル、ニオブ、タングステン、アルミニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つである[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
[6]前記弁作用金属が、タンタル及び/またはタングステンである[5]に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
タングステン粉は、さらに良好なLC(漏れ電流)特性を得るために、前述のケイ素、炭素、ホウ素、窒素、酸素及びリンの各元素以外の不純物元素の合計含有量を0.1質量%以下に抑えることが好ましい。
焼結工程では、弁作用金属を焼結して陽極体を形成する。弁作用金属は、未造粒であってもよいが、前述の通り造粒、成形されていてもよい。
陽極体は、箔、板、線等の形状で製造することができる。内部の粒子間に細孔や微細な隙間を有する多孔質体を形成すると、作製したコンデンサ素子の容量が大きくなるため好ましい。なお、このような陽極体は定法に従って製造することができる。
また、焼成時にケイ化、ホウ化または炭化、窒素、リン等を含有させる処理を行うこともできる。
化成工程では、前述の焼結工程で得た陽極体の表層部に、誘電体層を形成する。誘電体層は、化成処理を行うことによって形成することができる。なお、化成処理は定法に従って行うことができ、化学酸化、電解酸化のどちらを用いてよく、両方を繰り返し行ってもよい。
化学酸化は、化成液に陽極体を浸漬することにより実施できる。
電解酸化は、化成液に陽極体を浸漬した上で、電圧を印加することにより実施できる。電圧は、陽極体(陽極)と対電極(陰極)との間に印加する。陽極体への通電は陽極リード線を通じて行うことができる。電圧印加は、所定の初期電流密度にて開始し、該電流密度値を維持し、所定の電圧(化成電圧)に達した後はその電圧を維持することが好ましい。化成電圧は所望の耐電圧に応じて適宜設定することができる。
弁作用金属としてタンタルを用いた場合、化成液としては、例えば、リン酸水溶液、硝酸水溶液、硫酸水溶液等を使用することができる。
弁作用金属としてタングステンを用いた場合、酸化剤はマンガン(VII)化合物、クロム(VI)化合物、ハロゲン酸化合物、過硫酸化合物および有機過酸化物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つが好ましい。具体的には、過マンガン酸塩等のマンガン(VII)化合物;三酸化クロム、クロム酸塩、ニクロム酸塩等のクロム(VI)化合物;過塩素酸、亜塩素酸、次亜塩素酸及びそれらの塩等のハロゲン酸化合物;過酢酸、過安息香酸及びそれらの塩や誘導体等の有機酸過酸化物;過硫酸及びその塩等の過硫酸化合物が挙げられる。これらのうち、扱い易さ、酸化剤としての安定性および水易溶性、並びに容量上昇性の観点から、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸水素カリウム等の過硫酸化合物が好ましい。これらの酸化剤は1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
弁作用金属としてアルミニウムを用いた場合、化成液としては、例えば、アジピン酸アンモニウム、安息香酸アンモニウム等の中性塩を含む水溶液を使用することができる。
半導体層形成工程では、前述の方法で誘電体層を形成した陽極体を、導電性高分子のモノマー溶液に浸漬し、当該モノマーを重合することによって半導体層を形成する。
本発明においては、半導体層形成工程を、導電性高分子の光重合が起こらない条件下で行い、前述の黒ずみや浮遊物の発生を防止する。
照射積算光量は、好ましくは8mJ/cm2以下、より好ましくは6mJ/cm2以下、さらに好ましくは4mJ/cm2以下である。
光源としては、蛍光灯、太陽光、電球、ハロゲンランプ、キセノンランプ、LED、レーザー等が挙げられる。
波長150~450nmの光の照射積算光量を10mJ/cm2以下にする方法としては、遮光フィルム、イエロールームを用いる方法等が挙げられる。
導電性高分子の重合に用いる重合液は、ドーパントを含んでいてもよい。ドーパントとしては、トルエンスルフォン酸、アントラキノンスルフォン酸、ベンゾキノンスルフォン酸、ナフタレンスルフォン酸、ポリスチレンスルフォン酸、またはその塩等が挙げられる。
化学重合は、重合液に陽極体を浸漬することにより実施できる。
電解重合は、重合液に陽極体を浸漬した上で、電圧を印加することにより実施できる。電圧は化成工程の電解酸化と同様に印加することができるが、通電条件は定電流条件とすることが好ましい。
半導体層形成後、化成工程と同様に、洗浄、加熱処理を行ってもよい。ただし、加熱処理の温度は、半導体層の劣化を避けるため、化成工程よりも低い温度であることが好ましい。
後化成工程は、化成工程と同様に行うことができる。ただし、半導体層の劣化を防ぐため、印加する電圧は化成工程よりも低いことが好ましい。
後化成後、半導体層形成工程と同様に、洗浄、加熱処理を行ってもよい。
なお、半導体層形成工程から後化成までは、繰り返し行ってもよい。
導電体層形成工程では、前述の方法で半導体層を形成した陽極体上に、導電体層を形成する。導電体層の形成は定法に従って行えばよく、例えば、カーボン層に銀層を順次積層する方法が挙げられる。
導電体層に陰極リードが電気的に接続され、陰極リードの一部がコンデンサの外装の外部に露出して陰極外部端子となる。一方、陽極体には、陽極リード線を介して陽極リードが電気的に接続され、陽極リードの一部がコンデンサの外装の外部に露出して陽極外部端子となる。
樹脂モールド外装に使用される樹脂の種類としては、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、エステル樹脂、アリルエステル樹脂、またはこれらの混合物等、定法で用いるものを使用できる。
封止はトランスファー成形により行うことが好ましい。
本発明において、粉体の粒径(体積平均粒径)は、マイクロトラック社製HRA9320-X100(レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分析計)を用いて測定した。具体的には、本装置により体積基準の粒度分布を測定し、その累積分布において、累積体積%が50体積%に相当する粒径値を体積平均粒径D50(μm)とした。
(1)焼結工程
市販のタンタル粉(GAM社製、商品名S-10)を、0.24mmφのタンタル線と共に成形した後、真空中、1320℃で30分間焼結し、大きさが1.0×2.3×1.7mmの陽極体を1000個作製した。なお、陽極体においては、1.0×2.3mm面中央にタンタル線を植立した。タンタル線は、1.2mmは陽極体内部に、8.5mmは陽極体外部になるように植立した。
(2)化成工程
次に、特許第4620184号の実施例1で使用したものと同じ冶具の連結ソケット部に陽極体のタンタル線を差し込み、64個の陽極体を配置した。これと同様に陽極体を配置した冶具を5枚用意した。この冶具を用いて、2質量%のリン酸水溶液中に陽極体とタンタル線の所定部分を浸漬して、60℃、10Vで5時間、化成処理を行い、五酸化二タンタルからなる誘電体層を形成した。
次に、化成処理済みの陽極体を10質量%のエチレンジオキシチオフェンエタノール溶液に浸漬した後に、別途用意した10質量%のトルエンスルフォン酸鉄水溶液を用いて、60℃で15分間、化学重合を行った。浸漬から化学重合までの操作は3回繰り返した。
続いて、3質量%のアントラキノンスルフォン酸と、飽和濃度以上のエチレンジオキシチオフェンとを含む、質量比が水:エチレングリコール=7:3の溶液を用意して電解重合用のモノマー溶液とした。これをステンレス製容器に入れ、陽極体を浸漬して電解重合を行った。なお、ステンレス製容器は溶液体積220mL、容器寸法220×50mm、高さ30mmである。電解重合においては、タンタル線を電源の正極に、ステンレス製容器を電源の負極に接続し、60μA/陽極体の定電流条件で、25℃で1時間、重合を行った。
電解重合の後、水洗、エタノール洗浄を行い、80℃で加熱処理を行った。
(4)後化成工程
次に、(2)化成工程で用いたものと同じ溶液に陽極体を浸漬し、9Vで15分間、後化成処理を行った。
前述の電解重合から後化成までの操作は6回繰り返した。電解重合の電流値は、2~3回目が70μA/陽極体、4~6回目が80μA/陽極体とした。
一方、比較例1は全ての工程を20Wの蛍光灯の下で行った。蛍光灯と液面との距離は110cmとした。
続いて、半導体層のタンタル線が植立された面以外の面にカーボン層、銀層を順次形成し、タンタル固体電解コンデンサ素子を320個作製した。
(6)封止工程
得られた320個の素子を、トランスファー成形によりエポキシ樹脂で外装し、大きさ1.9×2.8×3.4mmのチップ状固体電解コンデンサを作製した。なお、1.9×2.8mmの面は、陽極体の1.0×2.3mmの面と平行になるようにした。
(1)焼結工程
三酸化タングステンを水素雰囲気下で還元して得たタングステン粉(体積平均粒径D50:0.2μm)に、0.3質量%の市販のケイ素粉(体積平均粒径D50:1μm)を混合し、真空中、1100℃で30分間、加熱した。加熱後、室温に戻してから大気中に取り出し、解砕した。得られたタングステン造粒粉(体積平均粒径D50:59μm)を、焼結温度を1260℃としたこと以外は実施例1と同様に焼結して、陽極体を作製した。なお、成形体密度に対する焼結体密度の比は1.09であった。
(2)化成工程
溶液として3質量%の過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液を用いたこと、化成温度を50℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様に行った。
また、20Wの蛍光灯を、1Wの豆電球としたこと以外は比較例2と同様にして、実施例3を実施した。
以上より、半導体層形成工程を、導電性高分子の光重合が起こらない条件で行うことにより、モノマー溶液における黒ずみや浮遊物の発生、および未封止を防止することができることを確認した。
Claims (6)
- 弁作用金属を焼結して陽極体を形成する焼結工程と、前記陽極体の表層部に誘電体層を形成する化成工程と、前記陽極体を導電性高分子のモノマーの溶液に浸漬し、前記モノマーを重合することによって導電性高分子からなる半導体層を形成する半導体層形成工程と、前記陽極体上に導電体層を形成する導電体層形成工程とをこの順で含む固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法であって、前記半導体層形成工程を、前記導電性高分子のモノマーの光重合が起こらない条件下で行うことを特徴とする固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
- 前記導電性高分子のモノマーの光重合が起こらない条件が、半導体層形成工程における波長150~450nmの光の照射積算光量を10mJ/cm2以下にする条件である請求項1に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
- 前記導電性高分子が、ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン、ポリピロール、及びそれらの誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項1または2に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
- 前記導電性高分子の光重合が起こらない条件が、遮光条件である請求項1に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
- 前記弁作用金属が、タンタル、ニオブ、タングステン、アルミニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
- 前記弁作用金属が、タンタル及び/またはタングステンである請求項5に記載の固体電解コンデンサ素子の製造方法。
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