WO2016008421A1 - 管道交通系统用运输管道 - Google Patents

管道交通系统用运输管道 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016008421A1
WO2016008421A1 PCT/CN2015/084188 CN2015084188W WO2016008421A1 WO 2016008421 A1 WO2016008421 A1 WO 2016008421A1 CN 2015084188 W CN2015084188 W CN 2015084188W WO 2016008421 A1 WO2016008421 A1 WO 2016008421A1
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Prior art keywords
rail
pipeline
pipe
flange
fixed
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PCT/CN2015/084188
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨南征
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杨南征
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Publication of WO2016008421A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016008421A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
    • B61B13/10—Tunnel systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transport pipeline for a pipeline transportation system.
  • the pipeline transportation system refers to a transportation system generally composed of a vehicle and a pipeline. Specifically, a rail is laid in the pipeline, the vehicle travels on the rail, and is uniformly managed and dispatched by the control system.
  • the pipe and the rail together constitute the transport pipe of the present invention.
  • the prior art also discloses a design scheme of a fully enclosed tubular rail between buildings: as shown in FIG. 13, the rail is composed of a plurality of layers of pipes arranged one above another, and two or more layers of pipes are connected by a complete steel plate beam structure. Up, it carries dynamic and static loads. However, the multi-layered pipes arranged in such a stack have more occlusion of the urban landscape; at the same time, the fully enclosed tubular rails have more consumables.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a transport pipeline for a pipeline transportation system, which provides a closed space for the vehicles operating therein, avoids the influence of natural weather, and has low consumables.
  • a transportation pipeline for a pipeline transportation system comprising a main skeleton and a pipe wall skin, the pipe wall skin being fixed on the main skeleton, the main skeleton comprising a ring beam and a connecting beam;
  • the ring beam is a circular frame
  • a plurality of the ring beams are spaced apart from each other, and the connecting beam connects the plurality of ring beams in series into a tubular frame.
  • the connecting beam can be a truss beam and/or a box beam.
  • the box girder includes an upper plate and a lower plate, the lower plate is a curved surface or a polygonal folding surface, and the upper and lower plates are connected to form a receiving space; the lower plate is fixed at the bottom of the pipe.
  • a rail is disposed inside the duct, the rail includes: a lower rail and an upper rail, the lower rail is fixed at a bottom of the duct, and the upper rail is fixed to a top of the duct.
  • the track further includes: a middle rail, the number of the middle rails being two, respectively fixed on both sides of the duct.
  • the middle rail is charged, and the voltages are respectively +N/2, -N/2, wherein N is the voltage required for the vehicle running in the pipeline; and the middle rail is insulated from the pipeline.
  • the number of the lower rails is two, which are arranged adjacent to each other; a gap is left in the middle of the two lower rails, and the gap is 5-50 mm, and an escape is arranged on the wall skins on both sides of the two lower rails. door;
  • the number of the lower rails is two, spaced apart from each other, and an escape door is provided on the wall skin between the two lower rails.
  • the upper plate is provided with a groove along a direction in which the pipe extends, and the groove accommodates the lower rail.
  • the invention also includes a support structure that posts the tube away from the support surface.
  • the support surface of the present invention generally refers to the foundation of the ground, river beach, rock, bridge, reinforced concrete foundation and the like which can support the suspension of the pipeline.
  • the support structure comprises a support, a pillar and a connecting structure; the support is supported on the bottom of the pipe, and the lower joint is connected to the pillar, and the bottom end of the pillar is fixed on the support surface by the connecting structure.
  • the support structure further includes an arched bracket and a connecting beam, the pipe being fixedly supported by the arch and the connecting beam on the two pillars having a span.
  • the support is supported on the ring beam and/or the truss beam.
  • the bottom end of the pillar is a flange structure;
  • the connecting structure comprises a bolt fixing plate, a flange ferrule and a flange cover; the flange is fixed to the support via the bolt fixing plate
  • the flange is surrounded by the flange of the flange, and the flange of the flange is covered with a flange cover and fixed.
  • the main body of the support structure adopts a steel structure, which facilitates and erects the transportation pipeline and the secondary utilization of material recovery.
  • the support is made of a pipe support made of steel plate, the support is made of steel pipe, and the connection structure is made of uniform specifications.
  • An escape door is disposed between the two lower rails on the box beam, the escape door includes a flat plate, a first vertical plate, a curved bottom plate and a second vertical plate, and the flat plate and the first vertical plate , the tablet and the second a hinge connection between the vertical plates, between the curved bottom plate and the first vertical plate, and between the curved bottom plate and the second vertical plate; a card is arranged at the boundary between the flat plate and the first vertical plate A lock that locks the escape door into a lock hole provided in the box girder.
  • the wall material of the tube wall is made of a transparent material or an opaque material.
  • the opaque wall material of the pipe wall is fixed to the outer surface and/or the inner surface of the skeleton by electric welding or bolts, and participates in the force.
  • the sound-absorbing and insulating material is filled between the two walls of the wall. Such as asbestos, fiberglass, foam and so on.
  • a window is opened on the wall of the tube wall, and the window is sealed with a transparent material.
  • Photovoltaic panels are also laid on the pipeline, and the photovoltaic panels provide power for pipeline operation.
  • the transportation pipeline for pipeline transportation system can provide shielding for vehicles running in the pipeline, and is prevented from being affected by weather changes during driving.
  • the transportation pipeline of the invention can be erected or suspended in the air, and has a small occupied area; further, the overall structure of the transportation pipeline is a steel structure, which is convenient for quick disassembly and assembly, materials can be reused, and waste products can be recycled.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a main body of a transportation pipe
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a support structure
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • 6 and 7 are schematic structural views of an escape door
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are schematic diagrams showing the layout of the present invention integrated into an existing urban landscape
  • 12a, 12b, and 12c are schematic diagrams showing a comparison of a cross-sectional structure of a track beam of the prior art and a track beam of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a transport pipe in the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 shows a main structure of the transportation pipeline.
  • the duct 200 includes a main skeleton and a pipe wall skin 210, and the pipe wall skin is fixed on the main frame, the main frame includes a ring beam 201 and a connecting beam; the ring beam is circular, elliptical or not Regular oval frame, A plurality of the ring beams are spaced apart from each other, and the connecting beam connects the plurality of ring beams in series into a tubular frame.
  • a pipe having a circular cross section, an elliptical shape or an irregular elliptical shape is formed.
  • the connecting beam may be a truss beam 201, which may be a box beam 203, or both a truss beam 201 and a box beam 203.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram for explaining the structure of the first embodiment.
  • the duct 200 includes a main skeleton and a tube wall skin 210, and the main skeleton includes a ring beam 201 and a truss beam 202.
  • the ring beam 201 is a circular frame, and a plurality of ring beams are arranged at intervals.
  • the truss beam 202 connects the plurality of ring beams 201 to form a tubular frame.
  • the girders 202 are shown in a straight strip shape.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be spiral or cross-shaped, as long as the spaced ring beams 201 are connected in series to form a tubular frame.
  • the material of the truss beam can be selected from steel pipes, steel bars, angle irons, iron bars, and the like.
  • the rail 300 laid in the duct includes a lower rail 301 and an upper rail 302.
  • the two lower rails 301 are fixed at a distance from each other at the bottom of the main skeleton of the duct 200. a gap left between the two lower rails 301, the gap being 5-50 mm, which can be abutted against the flanges of the wheel and accommodated in the gap, so that the lower rail 301 carries a set of wheels or is used as a group of wheels. Group of wheels.
  • the lower rail can be various types of rails used in existing transportation systems such as railways, subways, and trams, and the lower rail 301 shown in FIG. 2 is exemplified by the type rails.
  • the upper rail 302 is fixed to the ring beam 201 at the top of the pipe.
  • the upper rail 302 can be an "E" shaped track with the opening facing down to cooperate with the guiding mechanism on the vehicle to guide the vehicle; or the "U” shaped track with the opening downward for restraint with the top of the vehicle
  • the wheel bodies cooperate to prevent the vehicle from tipping over.
  • the upper rail 302 can be made of profiles such as channel steel and I-beam.
  • the implementation also includes a middle rail 303, the number of the middle rails 303 being two, respectively fixed on both sides of the pipeline.
  • the middle rail 303 can be made of profiles such as angle iron and channel steel.
  • the middle rail 303 is used for powering the vehicle operating in the track and/or keeping the vehicle steady. When the middle rail is used to keep the vehicle steady, the balance arm of the vehicle is placed on or stuck to the middle rail.
  • an insulating bracket is provided at a fixed position with the duct to insulate the middle rail from the duct. If the car running in the track is to take N volts in the track, it can be charged +N/2, -N/2 volts on the two middle rails. In such a way, the voltage on each track can be reduced, so that the damage suffered by the passenger who touches the live track is greatly reduced. For example, a car running inside a pipe needs to take 48 volts. Electricity can be charged +24 volts and -24 volts on the two middle rails. Both tracks are capable of providing a voltage differential of 48 volts above the safe voltage, but the voltage across each track is a safe voltage. Even if the passenger does not intend to touch the middle rail, it will not cause injury and improve safety.
  • the lower rail and/or the upper rail are grounded as a 0 volt electrode.
  • a tube wall skin 210 is applied to the inner and/or outer surface of the main skeleton to form an inner wall and/or an outer wall of the duct, and the inner wall and/or the outer wall are fixed to the ring beam 201 and the truss 202.
  • the material of the pipe skin skin 210 can be made of a transparent material for use in sightseeing routes, providing conditions for viewing the landscape, and a light-proof material can be used as a light-proof pipe to prevent passengers from feeling dizzy due to high-speed operation of the vehicle.
  • the photovoltaic panel may be laid on the outer surface of the outer surface of the pipe skin 210, or the photovoltaic panel may be directly laid on the skeleton of the pipe as a wall surface. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to additionally occupy the laying space, the ability to resist wind, snow, hail and the like is correspondingly improved, and the power utilization efficiency of different sunlight angles can be improved.
  • a battery compartment 400 and an escape door 500 are disposed on the wall of the pipe on both sides of the lower rail.
  • the battery compartment 400 is used to store the battery, and the battery supplies power for the lighting system of the pipeline, the power rail, and the like.
  • the escape door 500 is locked by a latch to a keyhole in the skin of the pipe wall.
  • an escape door 500 is placed at regular intervals, such as 0.5 meters.
  • the length of the escape door 500 can be approximately 1.5 meters.
  • the pipe 200 is erected on the support structure.
  • the support structure of the embodiment includes the support 110 , the support 120 and the connection structure 130 .
  • the support 110 is supported at the bottom of the main skeleton of the pipe, and the lower side of the support 110 is connected to the support 120, and the bottom end of the support 120 is fixed to the ground or the base through the connection structure 130.
  • the connecting structure 130 includes a bolt fixing plate 131, a flange ferrule 132, and a flange cover 133.
  • the flange 121 is fixed to the support surface such as the foundation or the ground by the bolt fixing plate 131 via the bolt fixing plate 131; the flange 121 is surrounded by the flange ferrule 132, and the upper cover is covered with the flange cover 133 and fixed;
  • the flange cover 133 is flush with the support surface and does not affect the walking of pedestrians and vehicles on the ground.
  • the duct 200 can be directly fixed to the strut 120 by the support 110. Further, the duct 200 can also be fixedly supported on the two pillars 120 having a certain span by the arch bracket 140 and the connecting beam 150 (as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11).
  • the material of the support structure in this embodiment adopts a steel structure, specifically, a support.
  • the pipe support made of steel plate is made of steel pipe, and the connection structure is bolted and/or welded by standard parts or uniform specifications.
  • the bolting of the steel structure makes the disassembly and assembly of the support structure convenient, fast, and reusable, and achieves 100% waste recovery rate and is more environmentally friendly.
  • the support structure of the invention is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and the specific process is as follows:
  • a transport pipe with rails also referred to as a pipe rail
  • open the flange cover place the flange at the bottom end of the support column into the flange of the flange, and flange the flange with the pre-embedded high-strength bolt.
  • the disc is tightened so that the support column is firmly secured to the base surface, and the flange cover is used to cover the flange ferrule and flush with the ground.
  • the support at the top of the support column is connected to the bottom of the pipe rail.
  • the connection method is similar to a railway bridge, which can be either simple or tightly supported.
  • the lower rail is fixed on the main skeleton of the pipeline, and the main skeleton is disposed on the support structure, that is, the main skeleton of the pipeline is all involved in the transmission of force, and the force distribution of the pipeline is dispersed, and the space layout of the ring beam and the truss beam More reasonable, so less consumables and lower cost.
  • the experiment proves that the economic construction span between the two supporting columns can reach 32-48 meters, and the steel consumption can be reduced to less than 250 kg / extended meters, so the comprehensive cost of the one-way rail line can be reduced to less than 5 million yuan / extended kilometers.
  • the wall material of the pipe wall of the embodiment is made of an opaque material, and a transparent window 211 is opened in the middle of the pipe, and the window is sealed with a transparent material.
  • the pipe becomes a partially transparent pipe, like the window of a train. Passengers in the pipe can enjoy the scenery along the transparent window.
  • Other structures of this embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
  • Fig. 5 shows the structure of the third embodiment.
  • the structure of this embodiment is substantially similar to that of the first embodiment, except that the two lower rails 301 are far apart and are fixed to the main frame by the seat 3011.
  • a battery compartment 400 and an escape door 500 are provided on the outer side of the outer tube wall and the inner tube wall skin at the middle of the two lower rails or on the outside of the two lower rails.
  • the structure of the escape door is similar to that of the first embodiment.
  • a continuous or spaced right angle window 211 is formed between the two truss beams in the middle section of the ring beam.
  • two lower rails can be used to charge the vehicle, and the vehicle is powered according to the above-mentioned "half-half" manner.
  • the two lower rails are charged, and the vehicle is powered according to the above-mentioned "half-fold" method.
  • the pipeline structure has less consumables, greater bearing capacity, and low cost.
  • the economic construction span between the two support columns can reach 24-40 meters.
  • Fig. 6 is a view for explaining the structure of the fourth embodiment.
  • This embodiment differs greatly from the first embodiment mainly in that the main frame further includes a box beam 203.
  • the box beam 203 is fixed to the bottom of the tubular frame formed by the ring beam 201 and the truss beam 202, and includes an upper plate 2031 and a lower plate 2032.
  • the lower plate is a curved plate
  • the upper plate is a flat plate, and is spaced apart from each other along the extending direction of the pipe.
  • Two grooves 2033, the lower plate is a curved plate or a bent plate.
  • the upper and lower plates are connected to form a receiving space.
  • the end of the box girder can be closed with a side panel.
  • the lower rail 301 is laid in the recess 2033 of the upper plate of the box girder.
  • the depressed design reduces the height of the running vehicle in the pipeline, more rationally and effectively utilizes the space inside the pipeline, and enhances the bearing capacity of the box beam.
  • a part of the accommodation space in the box girder can be utilized as the battery compartment 400 for storing the battery.
  • a plurality of battery compartments 400 are spaced apart.
  • An escape door 500 is defined on the box girder between the two grooves, and the plurality of escape doors 500 are spaced apart from each other in a position different from the battery compartment. Alternatively, as a preferred mode, the battery compartment 400 and the escape door 500 are spaced apart. See Figure 6 and Figure 7 for the specific structure of the escape door.
  • the escape door 500 includes a flat plate 510, a first vertical plate 520, a curved bottom plate 530, and a second vertical plate 540, and between the flat plate 510 and the first vertical plate 520, the flat plate 510, and the second Between the risers 540, between the curved bottom plate 530 and the first vertical plate 520, and between the curved bottom plate 530 and the second vertical plate 540 are hinged. When the vehicle is in normal operation, the escape door 500 is in a closed state.
  • the flat plate 510 and the curved bottom plate 530 are in a horizontal state, and the first vertical plate 520 and the second vertical plate 540 are in a vertical state; the flat plate 510 and the first vertical plate 520 are in a vertical state.
  • the latch 501 locks the escape door 500 into the keyhole on the upright wall of the box girder recess.
  • the latch 501 When the escape is required, the latch 501 is touched open, the latch 501 releases the escape door 500, and the escape door 500 is rotated about the hinge between the flat plate 510 and the second vertical plate 540, so that the flat plate 510 and the curved bottom plate 530 are rotated. Both the first riser 520 and the first riser 520 are turned into a vertical state as shown, the escape door 500 is opened, and the passenger escapes the pipe.
  • the support 110 is supported on the lower plate of the box girder 203, that is, in the main skeleton of the pipe, only the box girder bears the vehicle and the rail The gravity of the road and the pipeline itself is transmitted to the support structure.
  • the experiment proves that the economical construction span between the two support columns in this embodiment is 8-16 meters.
  • the middle rail may not be provided, and the two lower rails are charged, and the vehicle is powered according to the above-mentioned "half-half" manner.
  • the pillars 120 may be built on the sidewalk or the isolation belt, and the pipelines 200 are erected on the sidewalks or the isolation belts; or the arches 140 and the connecting beams 150 are fixed on the pillars on both sides of the motorway, and the pipelines 200 are erected on the motorway. Over the sky.
  • the wall skin 210 can be painted in a variety of colors to accommodate changes in urban tones and to add to the beauty of the city. If the pipe extends along the top of the treetop, the wall skin 210 can be painted in the same color as the leaves, which can be integrated with the trees, and the treetop can be trimmed to the height to form the avenue. With these layouts, street lights can be installed on the underside of the pipe rails, replacing the existing streetlight system with pipe rails to make the urban landscape more compact.
  • a rail beam design scheme for running outside the beam as shown in Figures 12a and 12b, the carriage A runs above or below the rail beam B.
  • f represents the turning centrifugal force
  • G represents the cabin gravity
  • F represents the lateral wind.
  • the design scheme of the pipeline operation in the invention (as shown in Fig. 12c) is less than the construction cost of the two types of beams, and the construction materials are less in the same span, load and material conditions;
  • the ability of the lateral wind is enhanced; the pipeline acts as a barrier to prevent foreign matter from entering the carriage, running track, or guiding track, reducing the risk of failure; preventing the corrosive gases in the atmosphere and the ultraviolet rays from directly eroding the cabin, and the cabin is slow to age.
  • the life is longer; the noise generated by the vehicle running inside the pipeline is blocked by the pipeline, blanking, and has little impact on the outside world; the area of the solar photovoltaic panel and advertising for the outside of the pipeline is increased, and the adverse visual impact on the urban landscape is smaller. .
  • the invention is not limited to cities, and can be constructed on a variety of geological features, such as: built in the desert, buried in the sand without fear of the desert; built on the seabed, canyons, rivers, for tourism or fast transportation.
  • geological features such as: built in the desert, buried in the sand without fear of the desert; built on the seabed, canyons, rivers, for tourism or fast transportation.

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Abstract

一种管道交通系统用运输管道。管道（200）包括主骨架和管壁蒙皮（210），管壁蒙皮（210）固定在主骨架上，主骨架包括圈梁（201）和连接梁；圈梁（201）为圆形架，多个所述圈梁（201）相互间隔排列，连接梁将多个圈梁（201）串连成管状。该管道交通系统用运输管道能够为管道内运行的车辆提供遮蔽，避免行车途中受天气变化的影响。

Description

管道交通系统用运输管道 技术领域
本发明涉及管道交通系统用运输管道。这里，管道交通系统指一般由车辆、管道构成的交通系统，具体地，在管道中铺设有轨道，车辆行进在该轨道上，并且受控制系统的统一管理调度。管道和轨道一起构成本发明的运输管道。
背景技术
传统的运输轨道和公路交通系统多是露天设置的路轨，如铁路、轻轨城市交通、跨座单轨道交通系统、空中轨道系统、公共电车交通系统、小汽车公路系统等。这种路轨容易受到自然气候的影响，经常受到雨雪风霜雾霾天气的阻隔而无法运行；在紫外线和腐蚀性气体条件下工作，道路和附属设备老化快，运营成本大；地铁在地下运行，虽然可以避开天气影响，但无法避免大雨、洪涝灾害的破坏。
现有技术还公开一种楼间全封闭管形轨道的设计方案：如图13所示，轨道由上下叠摞设置的多层管道构成，两层或多层管道由一个完整的钢板梁结构连接起来，由其承载动静载荷。但这种叠落设置的多层管道对城市景观遮挡较多；同时这种全封闭管形轨道的耗材较多。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种管道交通系统用运输管道，为其内运行的车辆提供封闭空间，避免受自然气候的影响，并且耗材低。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现上述目的：
一种管道交通系统用运输管道，所述管道包括主骨架和管壁蒙皮，所述管壁蒙皮固定在主骨架上，所述主骨架包括圈梁和连接梁；所述圈梁为圆形架，多个所述圈梁相互间隔排列，所述连接梁将多个圈梁串连成管状框架。
所述连接梁可以为桁梁和/或箱梁。
所述箱梁包括上板和下板，所述下板为曲面或多角折面，上、下板连接形成一个容纳空间；所述下板固定在所述管道的底部。
所述管道内部设置轨道，所述轨道包括：下轨和上轨，所述下轨固定在所述管道的底部，所述上轨固定于所述管道的顶部。
所述轨道还包括：中轨，所述中轨的数量为两条，分别固定在所述管道的两侧。
所述中轨带电，所带电压分别为+N/2、-N/2，其中，N为管道内运行的车所需电压；所述中轨与所述管道之间绝缘。
所述下轨的数量为两条，彼此相邻设置；所述两条下轨中间留有缝隙，该缝隙为5-50mm，在所述两条下轨两侧的管壁蒙皮上设置逃生门；
或者，所述下轨的数量为两条，彼此间隔设置，在所述两条下轨之间的管壁蒙皮上设置逃生门。
所述上板沿管道延伸方向设有凹槽，所述凹槽容纳所述下轨。
本发明还包括支撑结构，所述支撑结构将所述管道架离支撑面。本发明所述的支撑面，泛指地面、河滩、岩石、桥梁、钢筋混凝土地基等一切可支撑管道悬空的基础。
具体来说，所述支撑结构包括支座、支柱和连接结构；所述支座上面支撑在所述管道的底部，下面连接支柱，所述支柱底端通过所述连接结构固定在支撑面上。
所述支撑结构还包括拱形支架和连接横梁，所述管道通过拱形支架和连接横梁固定支撑在两个具有跨度的所述支柱上。
所述支座支撑于所述圈梁和/或桁梁。
所述支柱的底端为法兰盘结构；所述连接结构包括螺栓固定板、法兰盘套圈、法兰盘盖板；所述法兰盘隔着所述螺栓固定板固定于所述支撑面；所述法兰盘外环绕着所述法兰盘套圈，法兰盘套圈上盖有法兰盘盖板并固定。
支撑结构主体采用钢结构，方便快捷架设运输管道以及材料回收二次利用。具体来说，所述支座采用钢板制成的管道托，所述支柱采用钢管，所述连接结构均采用统一规格制件。
所述箱梁上的所述两条下轨之间设置逃生门，所述逃生门包括平板、第一立板、弧形底板和第二立板，所述平板和所述第一立板之间、所述平板和所述第二 立板之间、所述弧形底板和所述第一立板之间、以及所述弧形底板和所述第二立板之间铰链连接；在平板和第一立板的交界处设置卡锁，所述卡锁将逃生门锁紧到设置于所述箱梁的锁孔中。
所述管壁蒙皮的材质为透明材质或不透明材质。不透明的管壁蒙皮材质用电焊或螺栓多点固定在骨架外表面和/或内表面上，参与受力。两层管壁蒙皮之间填充吸音隔热材料。如石棉、玻璃纤维、泡沫塑料等。
在所述管壁蒙皮上开窗，所述窗用透明材质密封。
所述管道上还铺设光伏电池板，所述光伏电池板为管道运行提供动力。
本发明提供的管道交通系统用运输管道，能够为管道内运行的车辆提供遮蔽，避免行车途中受天气变化的影响。并且，本发明运输管道可架设或悬挂于在空中，占地面积小；再有，运输管道整体结构为钢结构，方便快速拆装，材料可重复利用，废品可回收。
附图说明
图1为本发明运输管道主体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图3为支撑结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例二的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例三的示意图；
图6、图7为逃生门的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例四的示意图；
图9、图10、图11是本发明融入现有城市景观的布局示意图；
图12a、图12b、图12c为现有技术中的轨道梁与本发明轨道梁横截面结构比较示意图；
图13为现有技术中的运输管道结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开一种管道交通系统用运输管道，图1显示了该运输管道的主体结构。如图1所示，管道200包括主骨架和管壁蒙皮210，管壁蒙皮固定在主骨架上，所述主骨架包括圈梁201和连接梁；所述圈梁为圆形、椭圆形或不规则椭圆形架， 多个所述圈梁相互间隔排列，所述连接梁将多个圈梁串连成管状框架。铺设管壁蒙皮后，形成截面形状为正圆形、椭圆形或不规则椭圆的管道。
所述连接梁可为桁梁201，可为箱梁203，也可同时为桁梁201和箱梁203。
下面结合几种实施例来对本发明进行更详细的说明。
实施例一
图2用来说明实施例一的结构。在图2所示的实施例中，管道200包括主骨架和管壁蒙皮210，主骨架包括圈梁201、桁梁202。圈梁201为圆形架，多个圈梁相互间隔地排列，桁梁202将多个圈梁201连接起来，形成管状的框架。
在图2中，显示的桁梁202形状为直条状，本发明不以此为限，也可为螺旋状、交叉状，只要将间隔的圈梁201串连成为管状框架即可。桁梁的材料可选用钢管、钢筋、角铁、铁条等。
在本实施例中，管道内铺设的轨道300包括下轨301、上轨302。两条下轨301彼此近距离的固定在管道200主骨架的底部。两条下轨301中间留有的缝隙，该缝隙为5-50mm，可在车轮的凸缘相互抵顶，容纳在该缝隙中，使得下轨301承载一组车轮或作为一组车轮使用的多组车轮。下轨可为铁路、地铁、有轨电车等现有交通系统中使用的各类型的轨道，图2所示的下轨301以工字铁轨为例。
上轨302固定在管道顶部的圈梁201上。上轨302可为“E”形轨道，开口朝下，用来与车辆上的导向机构相互配合，为车辆导向；也可为开口向下的“U”形轨道，用来与车辆顶部的约束轮体相互配合，防止车辆倾覆。上轨302可使用槽钢、工字钢等型材制作。
本实施还包括中轨303，中轨303的数量为两条，分别固定在管道的两侧。中轨303可采用角铁，槽钢等型材制作。中轨303用于轨道内运行的车取电，和/或保持车辆平稳。当中轨用于保持车辆平稳时，车辆的平衡臂搭在或卡在中轨上。
当中轨用作取电轨时，在与管道的固定位置，设置有绝缘支架，使得中轨与管道之间绝缘。假使轨道内运行的车要在轨道上取N伏电，则可在两条中轨分别带电+N/2、-N/2伏。如此取电方式，可减小每条轨道上的电压，使得万一碰触到该带电轨道的乘客所遭受的伤害大幅减小。例如，管道内运行的车需要取用48伏 电，则可在两条中轨分别带电+24伏和-24伏。两条轨道能够提供压差为48伏的高于安全电压的电压，但是每条轨道所带电压则为安全电压。即使乘客无意碰触中轨，也不会造成伤害，提高安全性能。
在上述取电方式中，采用下轨和/或上轨接地，作为0伏电极。
主骨架内和/或外表面敷设管壁蒙皮210，形成管道的内壁和/或外壁，内壁和/或外壁，固定在圈梁201、桁梁202上。
管壁蒙皮210的材质可采用透明材料，供用于观光线路，提供浏览景观的条件；也可采用避光材料，成为避光管道，避免乘客产生因车辆高速运行而带来的眩晕感。
可在管壁蒙皮210外表面顶部敷设光伏电池板，也可将光伏电池板作为壁面直接敷设在管道的骨架上。与现有技术相比，无需额外占用敷设空间，抵抗风力、积雪、冰雹等灾害的能力相应提高，且可提高不同阳光角度的采电效率。
下轨两侧的管壁蒙皮上设置蓄电池舱400和逃生门500。蓄电池舱400用来存储蓄电池，蓄电池为管道的照明系统、取电轨等供电。逃生门500通过卡锁锁紧到管壁蒙皮上的锁孔中。
事实上，在管道的底部，每隔一定间隔，如0.5米，设置一个逃生门500。逃生门500的长度可大约为1.5米左右。
管道200架设在支撑结构上，图1结合图3可知，本实施例的支撑结构具体包括支座110、支柱120和连接结构130。支座110支撑在管道主骨架的底部，支座110的下面连接支柱120，支柱120底端通过连接结构130固定到地面或基座上。
具体地说，支柱120的底端设置有法兰盘121。连接结构130包括螺栓固定板131、法兰盘套圈132、法兰盘盖板133。法兰盘121隔着螺栓固定板131被预埋螺栓固定于地基或地面等支撑面上；法兰盘121外环绕着法兰盘套圈132，上盖有法兰盘盖板133并固定；法兰盘盖板133与支撑面平齐，不影响地面行人与车辆行走。管道200可通过支座110直接固定在支柱120上。进一步地，管道200也可通过拱形支架140和连接横梁150固定支撑在两个具有一定跨度的支柱120上(如图9、图11所示)。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的支撑结构的材质采用钢结构，具体地说，支座 采用钢板制成的管道托，支柱采用钢管，连接结构采用标准件或统一规格制件栓接和/或焊接。钢结构栓接可使得支撑结构的拆装方便、快速，并可重复使用，以及达到百分之百的废品回收率，更环保。
本发明的支撑结构方便拆装，具体过程如下：
需要架设带轨道的运输管道(本文也称作管轨)时，掀开法兰盘盖板，将支撑柱底端的法兰盘放入法兰盘套圈内，用预埋高强螺栓将法兰盘紧固，使支撑柱牢固在基础面上，再用法兰盘盖板盖住法兰盘套圈并与地面齐平。支撑柱顶端的支座与管轨底部连接。连接方法类似铁路桥梁，既可以简单支撑，也可以紧固支撑。
需要拆卸管轨时，首先从支座上端卸掉管轨；然后掀开法兰盘盖板，将预埋高强螺栓松开，将法兰盘连同支撑柱拔出，再将法兰盘盖板盖住法兰盘套圈并与地面齐平，恢复地面平整。支撑柱和管轨可移往他处重复使用。
本实施例中，下轨固定在管道的主骨架上，该主骨架设置在支撑结构上，即管道的主骨架整体都参与力的传递，管道受力分散，则圈梁和桁梁的空间布局更加合理，因此耗材少，造价更低。实验证明，两支撑柱之间经济建造跨度可达32-48米，而钢材消耗可减少到250千克/延长米以下，因而单向管轨线路综合造价可降低到500万元/延长公里以下。
实施例二
图4显示实施例二的结构，与实施例一不同的是，本实施例的管壁蒙皮材质采用不透明材质，在管道的中部开设有透明窗211，窗用透明材质密封。管道成为部分透明的管道，如同列车的车窗，乘客在管道内，可透过透明窗欣赏沿途风景。本实施例的其他结构与实施例一相类似，在此不再赘述。
实施例三
图5显示实施例三的结构。本实施例的结构与实施例一的结构大体相似，不同之处在于两根下轨301相距较远，通过座3011固定在主骨架上。在外管壁蒙皮和内管壁蒙皮的位于两根下轨中间部分或并列两根下轨的外侧，设置有蓄电池舱400和逃生门500。逃生门的结构与实施例一的结构相类似。在管壁蒙皮中部，将圈梁中段的两根桁梁之间开设成连续或间隔的直角窗211。
在本实施例中，除了可采用实施例一中的取电轨，也可采用两条下轨带电，按照上述“折半”的方式为车辆供电服务。或者，不设置中轨，采用两条下轨带电，按照上述“折半”的方式为车辆供电服务。
本实施例管道结构耗材较少，承受力较大，造价低。实验证明，两支撑柱之间经济建造跨度可达24-40米。
实施例四
图6用来说明实施例四的结构。本实施例与实施例一的差别较大，主要体现在主骨架还包括了箱梁203。该箱梁203固定在圈梁201和桁梁202构成的管状框架的底部，包括上板2031和下板2032，下板为曲面板，上板为平板，沿管道的延伸方向开有相互间隔的两个凹槽2033，下板为弧形板或折弯板。上、下板连接，形成一个容纳空间。在管道的尽头，箱梁的端头可用侧板封闭该容纳空间。
下轨301铺设在箱梁上板的凹槽2033内。该下陷式设计，降低了运行车辆在管道内运行的高度，更合理有效地利用了管道内的空间，增强了箱梁的承载能力。
另外，可利用箱梁内的部分容纳空间作为蓄电池舱400用，储存蓄电池。多个蓄电池舱400间隔设置。
在两凹槽之间的箱梁上开设有逃生门500，多个逃生门500间隔设置，位置异于蓄电池舱。或者，作为优选方式，蓄电池舱400和逃生门500间隔设置。逃生门的具体结构请参见图6、图7。
在图6、图7中显示了逃生门500包括平板510、第一立板520、弧形底板530和第二立板540，且平板510和第一立板520之间、平板510和第二立板540之间、弧形底板530和第一立板520之间、以及弧形底板530和第二立板540之间都靠合页连接。车辆正常运行时，逃生门500处于闭合状态，此时，平板510、弧形底板530为水平状态，第一立板520和第二立板540为垂直状态；在平板510和第一立板520的交界处，卡锁501将逃生门500锁紧到箱梁凹槽的立壁上的锁孔中。
需要逃生时，卡锁501被触动打开，卡锁501将逃生门500松开，逃生门500以平板510和第二立板540之间的合页为轴旋转，使平板510、弧形底板530和第一立板520都转变为如图所示的垂直状态，逃生门500打开，乘客逃出管道。
支座110支撑在箱梁203的下板，即在管道主骨架中，仅箱梁承受车辆、轨 道、管道自身的重力，并传递给支撑结构。实验证明，本实施例两支撑柱之间经济建造跨度为8-16米。
在本实施例中，除了可采用实施例一中的取电轨，也可不设置中轨，采用两条下轨带电，按照上述“折半”的方式为车辆供电服务。
图9、图10、图11是本发明融入现有城市景观的布局示意图。支柱120可建立在人行道或隔离带上，管道200即架设在人行道或隔离带上空；或者，通过拱形支架140和连接横梁150固定在机动车道两侧的支柱上，将管道200架设在机动车道的上空。
管壁蒙皮210可涂成各种颜色，以适应城市色调的变化，增加城市美感。如管道沿树梢顶端伸展，管壁蒙皮210可涂成与树叶同色，既可以与树木融为一体，又可以此高度为标准修剪树梢，使树冠向两侧生长，形成林荫道。采用这些布局时，可以把路灯安装在管轨底面，用管轨代替现有路灯体系，使城市景观更为简洁。
在现有技术中所公开的一种梁外运行的轨道梁设计方案，如图12a、图12b所示，车厢A运行在轨道梁B的上方或下方。其中f表示转弯离心力；G表示车厢重力；F表示侧向风力。本发明管道内运行的设计方案(如图12c所示)与这两种梁外运行的方案相比，在相同跨度、载荷、材料条件下，耗费的建筑材料少；车厢在管道内运行，抗横向风的能力增强；管道成为屏障，阻止异物进入车厢、运行轨道、导向轨道内，减小因此导致故障的风险；阻止大气中腐蚀性气体和阳光紫外线直接对车厢的侵蚀，车厢老化慢，使用寿命更长；车辆在管道内运行所产生的噪音，被管道阻挡，消隐，对外界影响小；管道外面敷设太阳能光伏板和进行广告宣传的面积增大，对城市景观的不良视觉影响更小。
本发明并不局限于城市，还可建设在多种地质地貌上，如：建在沙漠，不惧沙漠的风沙掩埋；建在海底、峡谷、河面，可供旅游观光或快速运输。而应各种建设情况的需求，可不设支撑结构，或改变支撑结构的类型，以及适应性改变管道的布局。例如通过河流时，可直接悬挂在既有桥梁的梁体两侧。
本发明公开的内容论及的是示例性实施例，在不脱离权利要求书界定的保护范围的情况下，可以对本申请的各个实施例进行各种改变和修改。因此，所描述 的实施例旨在涵盖落在所附权利要求书的保护范围内的所有此类改变、修改和变形。此外，除上下文另有所指外，以单数形式出现的词包括复数形式，反之亦然。另外，除非特别说明，那么任何实施例的全部或一部分可结合任何其它实施例的全部或一部分使用。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种管道交通系统用运输管道，其特征在于，所述管道包括主骨架和管壁蒙皮，所述管壁蒙皮固定在主骨架上；所述主骨架包括圈梁和连接梁；所述圈梁为多个，相互间隔排列，所述连接梁将所述圈梁串连成管状框架。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述连接梁为桁梁和/或箱梁。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述箱梁包括上板和下板，所述下板为曲面或多角折面，上、下板连接形成一个容纳空间；所述下板固定在所述运输管道的底部。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述管道内部设置轨道，所述轨道包括：下轨和上轨，所述下轨固定在所述管道的底部，所述上轨固定于所述管道的顶部。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述轨道还包括：中轨，所述中轨的数量为两条，分别固定在所述管道的两侧。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述中轨带电，所带电压分别为+N/2、-N/2，其中，N为管道内运行的车所需电压；所述中轨与所述管道之间绝缘。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述下轨的数量为两条，彼此相邻设置，所述两条下轨中间留有缝隙，该缝隙为5-50mm，在所述两条下轨两侧的管壁蒙皮上设置逃生门；
    或者，所述两条下轨彼此间隔设置，在所述两条下轨之间的管壁蒙皮上设置逃生门。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述上板沿管道延伸 方向设有凹槽，所述凹槽容纳所述下轨。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的运输管道，其特征在于，还包括支撑结构，所述支撑结构将所述管道架离支撑面，所述支撑结构包括支座、支柱和连接结构；所述支座上面支撑在所述管道的底部，下面连接支柱，所述支柱底端通过所述连接结构固定在支撑面上。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的运输管道，其特征在于，所述支座支撑于所述圈梁和/或桁梁；
    所述支柱的底端为法兰盘结构；
    所述连接结构包括螺栓固定板、法兰盘套圈、法兰盘盖板；所述法兰盘隔着所述螺栓固定板固定于所述支撑面；所述法兰盘外环绕着所述法兰盘套圈，法兰盘套圈上盖有法兰盘盖板并固定。
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