WO2016008225A1 - 生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法 - Google Patents

生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法 Download PDF

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WO2016008225A1
WO2016008225A1 PCT/CN2014/089001 CN2014089001W WO2016008225A1 WO 2016008225 A1 WO2016008225 A1 WO 2016008225A1 CN 2014089001 W CN2014089001 W CN 2014089001W WO 2016008225 A1 WO2016008225 A1 WO 2016008225A1
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coating liquid
nano
plasma
electric field
fresh
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PCT/CN2014/089001
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English (en)
French (fr)
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章建浩
王佳媚
庄宏
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南京农业大学
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Priority to US15/305,727 priority Critical patent/US10450098B2/en
Publication of WO2016008225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016008225A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B55/00—Preserving, protecting or purifying packages or package contents in association with packaging
    • B65B55/02—Sterilising, e.g. of complete packages
    • B65B55/12—Sterilising contents prior to, or during, packaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of cold sterilization of food packaging, and particularly relates to a high-voltage electric field plasma synergistic nano photocatalytic sterilization preservation method for raw meat.
  • Fresh-keeping packaging is an important technical method for the safety and quality assurance of international fresh livestock and poultry meat logistics. 80% of chicken meat in the United States is sold in oxygen-containing packaging. However, the shelf life of fresh-keeping livestock and poultry meat preservation packaging is determined by the sterilization effect in the process of processing and packaging. MAP is the fresh-keeping method of fresh meat packaging commonly used in the world, but the microorganisms in the circulation sales process, especially the spoilage bacteria and Pathogens are still the main cause of food safety and quality accidents.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage electric field plasma synergistic nano photocatalytic sterilization preservation method for fresh meat.
  • the method uses high-voltage electric field to produce plasma to cooperate with nano-material photocatalysis to carry out cold sterilization and fresh-keeping treatment of MAP-packaged raw meat, avoiding secondary microbial contamination of packaged products, and providing a safe and efficient method for fresh livestock and poultry MAP packaging products. It is easy to operate and can effectively extend the cold sterilization and preservation method of shelf shelf life.
  • a high-voltage electric field plasma synergistic nano photocatalytic sterilization preservation method for fresh meat comprising the following steps:
  • the material of the plastic packaging film in the step 1) is polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyester, preferably polyamide;
  • the coating liquid is PVA coating liquid, PE coating liquid. or PVDC coating solution, the concentration of the coating solution is 2 to 8%;
  • nano photocatalyst is TiO 2, ZnO nano or nano-Fe 2 O 3 is at least one, the amount of photocatalyst is 0.3 ⁇ 2g / L coating
  • the cloth liquid preferably a photocatalyst, is used in an amount of from 0.45 to 0.65 g/L of the coating liquid .
  • the gas charged in the MAP packaging process in the step 2) is at least one of carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, helium, neon and argon.
  • the plasma generating device in the step 3) comprises a voltage regulator, a high voltage electric field generator, an upper electrode, a lower electrode and an insulating shield, and the fresh food after the MAP packaging is placed between the upper and lower electrodes;
  • the packaging box An upper insulating shield is disposed between the upper surface and the upper electrode, and a lower insulating shield is disposed between the lower surface of the packaging box and the lower electrode;
  • the insulating shield is made of polypropylene or polyethylene, and the thickness of the upper guard 1.3 to 1.8 mm, the thickness of the lower shield is 1.8 to 3.5 mm;
  • the voltage of the plasma generator is 10 to 50 kV/cm, and the treatment time is 1 s to 6 min;
  • the preferred voltage is 25 to 35 kV/cm, and the treatment time is 30 to 90 s;
  • another technical solution preferably has a voltage intensity of 25 to 35 kV/cm and a plasma treatment time of 60 to 180 s.
  • the technical solution adopted for coating the surface of the plastic packaging film on the surface of the plastic packaging film described in the technical solution of the present invention is not specifically described.
  • the preferred technical solution is to uniformly apply a layer on the surface of the plastic packaging film by using a coating machine. A thin modified coating liquid is used, and then a flattening roll is used for coating with a dry machine to make the coating more uniform. Finally, it is placed in a curing chamber at 40 ° C ⁇ 50 ° C for about 5 or 6 hours, which can effectively improve the adhesion.
  • the coupling agent used in the technical solution of the present invention is not specifically described, and is not limited to the coupling agent 570 or the coupling agent 550, and the coupling agent is used in an amount of 10 to 15 mg per 100 g of the coating liquid .
  • the technical solution of the present invention does not specifically describe the coating amount of the modified coating liquid on the surface of the plastic packaging film, and the coating amount is preferably 0.3 to 5 g/m 2 .
  • the amount of the aspect of the present invention photocatalyst is 0.3 ⁇ 2g / L per liter of the coating solution is added to the coating solution in an amount of catalyst 0.3 ⁇ 2g.
  • the coupling agent in the aspect of the present invention is 10 ⁇ 15mg / 100g per 100g of the coating liquid is a coating liquid coupling agent in an amount of 10 ⁇ 15mg.
  • the raw meat after MAP packaging is processed, and the high-voltage electric field electrode for producing plasma is placed outside the product package, and the plasma is generated inside the package, which can fully function. It protects the internal products and microorganisms from the external environment and avoids secondary pollution of the products.
  • nano-metal oxide as photocatalytic material, the nano-photocatalytic sterilizing effect is realized by the ultraviolet light generated inside the package during the high-voltage electric field plasma generation process, and the synergistic plasma is used to sterilize the microbial production inside the package.
  • High-voltage electric field plasma body synergistic nano-photocatalytic sterilization fresh-keeping method is carried out under normal temperature and normal pressure, and the processing time is short, and heat and temperature change are not generated inside the packaging and packaging, which is a high-efficiency cold sterilization technology, especially suitable Fresh-keeping packaging of raw meat.
  • Figure 1 shows a high voltage electric field plasma generation system.
  • the high-voltage electric field plasma generating system used in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the device comprises a voltage regulator, a high-voltage electric field generator, an upper electrode, a lower electrode and an insulating shield, and is placed in the middle of the upper and lower electrodes by MAP packaging.
  • Fresh food an upper insulating shield is arranged between the upper surface of the packaging box and the upper electrode, and a lower insulating shield is arranged between the lower surface of the packaging box and the lower electrode;
  • the insulating shield used is polypropylene or polyethylene
  • the thickness of the upper and lower shields is 1.3 to 1.8 mm, and the thickness of the lower shield is 1.8 to 3.5 mm.
  • Example 1 The samples used in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 were fresh chicken fillets, which were randomly selected from the chicken cutting production line in the slaughterhouse production workshop and placed in an ice box and shipped back to the laboratory. The surface of the chicken was removed and the intermediate sterile portion was kept. The weight of the chicken breast was kept at 95 ⁇ 5 g, and the surface of the chicken was inoculated with a known concentration of bacteria M. caseolyticus and P. fluorescens.
  • the coating amount of the modified coating liquid in Examples 1 to 4 on the surface of the plastic packaging film was 0.3 to 5 g/m 2 .
  • the PVA particles were heated and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water to obtain a PVA coating liquid having a mass concentration of 4.5%; then, the nano TiO 2 and the coupling agent 570 were added to the PVA coating liquid and thoroughly stirred to prepare a uniform suspension.
  • a modified coating liquid wherein the amount of the nano TiO 2 is 0.5 g / L of the coating liquid , the amount of the coupling agent 570 is 10 mg / 100 g of the coating liquid ; finally, the modified coating liquid is coated On a polyamide (PA) plastic film, it is dried to form a film to prepare an antibacterial packaging material.
  • PA polyamide
  • the pretreated chicken is taken in a food packaging container and MAP is packaged using an antibacterial packaging material.
  • the coating containing the photocatalytic material is located inside the package, and the gas filled in the packaging process is oxygen + Ar (volume ratio 1: 1)
  • the packaged package was placed between the electrodes for plasma treatment, the plasma treatment time was 60 s, and the treated voltage intensity was 30 kV/cm.
  • the PVA particles are heated and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water to obtain a PVA coating liquid having a mass concentration of 3.5%; then the nano ZnO and the coupling agent 570 are added to the coating liquid and thoroughly stirred to prepare a uniform suspension, thereby
  • the modified coating liquid is prepared, wherein the amount of the nano ZnO is 0.5 g/L of the coating liquid , the amount of the coupling agent 570 is 11 mg/100 g of the coating liquid ; and finally, the modified coating liquid is coated on the polyamide. (PA) on a plastic film, dried to form a film to prepare an antibacterial packaging material.
  • the pretreated chicken is taken in a food packaging container and MAP is packaged using an antibacterial packaging material.
  • the coating containing the photocatalytic material is located inside the package, and the gas charged during the packaging process is N 2 +O 2 (volume ratio is 1:1), the packaged package was placed between the electrodes for plasma treatment, the plasma treatment time was 120 s, and the treated voltage intensity was 30 kV/cm.
  • the PVDC particles were heated and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water to obtain a PVDC coating liquid having a mass concentration of 5.8%; then, the Fe 2 O 3 and the coupling agent 570 were added to the coating liquid and thoroughly stirred to obtain a uniform suspension. Liquid, thereby preparing a modified coating liquid, wherein the amount of nano Fe 2 O 3 is 0.5 g / L coating liquid , the amount of coupling agent 570 is 12 mg / 100 g coating liquid ; finally, the modified coating The liquid is coated on a polyamide (PA) plastic film and dried to form a film to obtain an antibacterial packaging material.
  • PA polyamide
  • the pretreated chicken is taken in a food packaging container and MAP is packaged using an antibacterial packaging material.
  • the coating containing the photocatalytic material is located inside the package, and the gas filled in the packaging process is CO 2 +N 2 (volume ratio is 1:1), the packaged package was placed between the electrodes for plasma treatment, the plasma treatment time was 180 s, and the treated voltage intensity was 30 kV/cm.
  • the PVA particles are heated and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water to obtain a PVA coating liquid having a mass concentration of 3.5%; then, the Fe 2 O 3 , the nano ZnO, and the coupling agent 570 are added to the PVA coating liquid, and fully stirred.
  • a uniform suspension is prepared to prepare a modified coating liquid, wherein the amount of nano Fe 2 O 3 is 0.3 g / L coating solution , the amount of nano ZnO is 0.3 g / L coating solution , coupling agent 570 The dosage is 10 mg/100 g of the coating liquid ; finally, the modified coating liquid is coated on a polyamide (PA) plastic film, and dried to form a film to obtain an antibacterial packaging material.
  • PA polyamide
  • the pretreated chicken is taken in a food packaging container and MAP is packaged using an antibacterial packaging material.
  • the coating containing the photocatalytic material is located inside the package, and the gas charged during the packaging process is O 2 +CO 2 +N 2 ( The volume ratio was 1:1:1), and the packaged package was placed between the electrodes for plasma treatment.
  • the plasma treatment time was 120 S, and the treated voltage intensity was 30 kV/cm.
  • Example 2 The conditions of the examples were the same as in Example 1, except that the antimicrobial packaging material was replaced with a conventional polyamide (PA)/polyethylene film.
  • PA polyamide
  • the P. fluorescens and M. caseolyticus experimental strains in the spoiled chicken used in the bacterial suspension were shaken to a suitable concentration, and the medium was removed using sterile PBS to prepare a bacterial suspension for use.
  • the samples of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 had a P. fluorescens strain content of 6.15 ⁇ 0.41 log before the sterilization treatment, and a M. caseolyticus strain content of 6.39 ⁇ 0.32 log.
  • Table 1 Changes in the number of bacterial colonies on the surface of chicken after plasma treatment
  • the chicken in the control group can be stored for no more than 7 days at 4 °C.
  • the number of bacterial colonies has exceeded 7 log at 7 days, that is, the chicken has a tendency to deteriorate.
  • the chicken is packaged in a photocatalytic packaging film and can be processed at 4 °C after plasma treatment. Saved to 14 days, twice as much as the control group.
  • the color change of chicken surface during storage was as shown in Table 3. After plasma treatment, it was stored at 4 ° C, and the color of chicken surface did not change. It shows that the combination of plasma and photocatalytic membrane can effectively prolong the storage period of chicken meat, which is twice that of ordinary packaging film.

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Abstract

公开了一种生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米催化杀菌保鲜方法，属于食品包装冷杀菌技术领域，该方法是将光催化剂、偶联剂和涂布液高速混匀后偶联得到改性涂布液，之后将该涂布液涂布在塑料包装膜的表面得到具有光催化抑菌功能的包装材料，将生鲜肉采用抗菌包装材料进行MAP包装，其中含有光催化材料的涂层位于包装内侧，然后放置在等离子产生装置的两个电极之间，在高压电场条件下进行等离子体杀菌。

Description

生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法 技术领域
本发明属于食品包装冷杀菌技术领域，具体涉及一种生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法。
背景技术
保鲜包装是目前国际生鲜畜禽肉物流过程安全品质保证的重要技术方法，美国有80％鸡肉是以含氧包装冷藏方式出售。但生鲜畜禽肉保鲜包装的货架期决定于加工包装过程中的杀菌处理效果，MAP是目前国际上常用的生鲜肉保鲜包装方法，但流通销售过程中的微生物，尤其是腐败菌和致病菌，仍然是造成食品安全品质事故的主要原因。
可以用于生鲜肉表面杀菌的方法有多种，但大部分方法都存在缺点。有的处理系统需要高压，会引起生鲜肉表面的感官效果下降；紫外光照处理对生鲜肉表面杀菌效果不高，且由于生鲜肉肉表面的不规则形状，会产生紫外光照的杀菌盲区；高压脉冲电场在生鲜肉杀菌的应用中具有局限性，体现在处理过程中生鲜肉需要直接与电极相接触；而含有热量加热过程的杀菌方式，会对生鲜肉的消费品质产生严重影响。鉴于上述杀菌方法的缺点，目前还没有一种杀菌方法能有效用于生鲜肉包装之后的杀菌作用。因此，一种能用于生鲜肉包装后的有效冷杀菌处理，并保持产品的观感品质和安全的方法，是生鲜食品保鲜包装技术的重要突破，将推进生鲜食品物流保鲜包装安全品质控制技术的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述技术问题提供一种生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法。该方法使用高压电场生产等离子体来协同纳米材料光催化对MAP包装的生鲜肉实施冷杀菌保鲜处理，避免包装产品的微生物二次污染，为生鲜畜禽肉MAP包装产品提供一种安全高效易操作，能有效延长货架保鲜期的冷杀菌保鲜方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
1)抗菌包装材料的制备：将光催化剂、偶联剂和涂布液高速混匀，混匀后偶联制备得到改性涂布液，之后将该改性涂布液涂布在塑料包装膜的表面从而制备成具有光催化抑菌功能的包装材料；
2)将生鲜肉采用步骤1)制备得到的包装材料进行MAP包装，其中含有光催化材料的涂层位于包装内侧；
3)将经MAP包装的生鲜肉放置在等离子体发生装置的两个电极之间，在高压电场条件下进行等离子体杀菌处理。
本发明技术方案中：步骤1)中塑料包装膜的材料为聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯或聚酯，优选为聚酰胺；涂布液为PVA涂布液、PE涂布液或PVDC涂布液，涂布液的质量浓度为2～8％；光催化剂是纳米TiO2、纳米ZnO或纳米Fe2O3中的至少一种，光催化剂的用量为0.3～2g/L涂布液，优选光催化剂的用量为0.45～0.65g/L涂布液。
本发明技术方案中：步骤2)中MAP包装过程中充入的气体为二氧化碳、氧气、氮气、氦气、氖气和氩气中至少一种。
本发明技术方案中：步骤3)中等离子体发生装置包括电压调控器、高压电场发生器、上电极、下电极和绝缘护板，在上下电极中间放置经MAP包装后的生鲜食品；包装盒的上表面与上电极之间设有上绝缘护板，包装盒的下表面与下电极之间设有下绝缘护板；采用的绝缘护板为聚丙烯或聚乙烯板，上层护板的厚度为1.3～1.8mm，下层护板的厚度为1.8～3.5mm；等离子体产生装置的电压强度10～50kv/cm，处理的时间为1s～6min；优选电压强度为25～35kv/cm，处理时间30～90s；另一种技术方案优选电压强度为25～35kv/cm，等离子处理时间为60～180s。
本发明技术方案中所述的将改性涂布液涂布在塑料包装膜的表面采用的技术方案没有特殊说明，优选的技术方案是利用涂布机在塑料包装膜的表面均匀涂布一层薄薄的改性涂布液液，之后利用干复机涂布时要使用展平辊，使涂布更均匀。最后放在40℃～50℃的熟化室里约5、6个小时，可有效提高附着力。
本发明技术方案中所采用的偶联剂没有特殊说明，包括不限于偶联剂570或偶联剂550，偶联剂的用量为10～15mg/100g涂布液。
本发明技术方案对改性涂布液在塑料包装膜表面的涂覆量没有特殊说明，优选用的涂覆量为0.3～5g/m2。
本发明技术方案中所述的光催化剂的用量为0.3～2g/L涂布液是每升涂布液中催化剂的加入量为0.3～2g。
本发明技术方案中所述的偶联剂的用量为10～15mg/100g涂布液是每100g涂布液中偶联剂的用量为10～15mg。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)采用双层介质阻挡系统为等离子体产生系统，对MAP包装之后的生鲜肉进行处理，生产等离子体的高压电场电极放置在产品包装外部，等离子体在包装内部产生，可以全面的作用于包装内部产品及微生物，不受外界环境影响、也避免了产品的二次污染。
(2)采用纳米金属氧化物作为光催化材料，利用高压电场等离子体发生过程中在包装内部产生的紫外光实现纳米光催化杀菌作用，协同等离子体对包装内部的微生物生产杀菌作用。
(3)MAP包装内部的氧气、二氧化碳、氮气和水蒸气作为生产等离子体的介质气体，在包装中生产的臭氧和活性氧自由基和紫外光等，协同纳米光催化杀菌，其杀菌效果好，无残留、无有毒副产物产生，避免了采用化学杀菌剂的安全性问题。
(4)高压电场等离子体体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法在常温常压下进行，并且处理时间短，不会在包装及包装内部产生热量和温度变化，是一种高效冷杀菌技术，尤其适宜生鲜肉的保鲜包装。
附图说明
图1为高压电场等离子体发生系统。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围不限于此：
本发明实施例中所用的高压电场等离子体发生系统如图1所示，该装置包括电压调控器、高压电场发生器、上电极、下电极和绝缘护板，在上下电极中间放置经MAP包装后的生鲜食品；包装盒的上表面与上电极之间设有上绝缘护板，包装盒的下表面与下电极之间设有下绝缘护板；采用的绝缘护板为聚丙烯或聚乙烯板，上层护板的厚度为1.3～1.8mm，下层护板的厚度为1.8～3.5mm。
实施例1～4及对比例1所采用的样品是新鲜鸡胸肉(chicken fillet)，该新鲜鸡胸肉从屠宰厂生产车间的鸡肉分割生产线上随机选取，放在冰盒中运回实验室，将鸡肉表面去掉保留中间无菌部分，保持鸡胸肉的重量相近在95±5g，在鸡肉表面接种已知浓度的细菌M.caseolyticus和P.fluorescens。
实施例1～4中改性涂布液在塑料包装膜表面的涂覆量为0.3～5g/m2。
实施例1
首先将PVA颗粒加热后溶解在100ml蒸馏水中，得到质量浓度为4.5％的PVA涂布液；之后将纳米TiO2和偶联剂570加入到PVA涂布液中并充分搅拌制成均匀的悬浮液，从而制备得到改性涂布液，其中，纳米TiO2的用量为0.5g/L涂布液，偶联剂570的用量为10mg/100g涂布液；最后将该改性涂布液涂布在聚酰胺(PA)塑料膜上，干燥成膜制备得到抗菌的包装材料。
取经预处理过得鸡肉于食品包装容器中，并使用抗菌的包装材料进行MAP包装，含有光催化材料的涂层位于包装内侧，包装过程中充入的气体为氧气+Ar(体积比为1：1)，将经包装后的包装盒放在电极之间进行等离子体处理，等离子处理的时间为60s，处理的电压强度为30kv/cm。
实施例2
首先将PVA颗粒加热后溶解在100ml蒸馏水中，得到质量浓度为3.5％的PVA涂布液；之后将纳米ZnO和偶联剂570加入到涂布液中并充分搅拌制成均匀的悬浮液，从而制备得到改性涂布液，其中，纳米ZnO的用量为0.5g/L涂布液，偶联剂570的用量为11mg/100g涂布 液；最后将该改性涂布液涂布在聚酰胺(PA)塑料膜上，干燥成膜制备得到抗菌的包装材料。
取经预处理过得鸡肉于食品包装容器中，并使用抗菌的包装材料进行MAP包装，含有光催化材料的涂层位于包装内侧，包装过程中充入的气体为N2+O2(体积比为1：1)，将经包装后的包装盒放在电极之间进行等离子体处理，等离子处理的时间为120s，处理的电压强度为30kv/cm。
实施例3
首先将PVDC颗粒加热后溶解在100ml蒸馏水中，得到质量浓度为5.8％的PVDC涂布液；之后将纳米Fe2O3和偶联剂570加入到涂布液中并充分搅拌制成均匀的悬浮液，从而制备得到改性涂布液，其中，纳米Fe2O3的用量为0.5g/L涂布液，偶联剂570的用量为12mg/100g涂布液；最后将该改性涂布液涂布在聚酰胺(PA)塑料膜上，干燥成膜制备得到抗菌的包装材料。
取经预处理过得鸡肉于食品包装容器中，并使用抗菌的包装材料进行MAP包装，含有光催化材料的涂层位于包装内侧，包装过程中充入的气体为CO2+N2(体积比为1：1)， 将经包装后的包装盒放在电极之间进行等离子体处理，等离子处理的时间为180s，处理的电压强度为30kv/cm。
实施例4
首先将PVA颗粒加热后溶解在100ml蒸馏水中，得到质量浓度为3.5％的PVA涂布液；之后将纳米Fe2O3、纳米ZnO和偶联剂570加入到PVA涂布液中，充分搅拌制成均匀的悬浮液，从而制备得到改性涂布液，其中，纳米Fe2O3的用量为0.3g/L涂布液，纳米ZnO的用量为0.3g/L涂布液，偶联剂570的用量为10mg/100g涂布液；最后将该改性涂布液涂布在聚酰胺(PA)塑料膜上，干燥成膜制备得到抗菌的包装材料。
取经预处理过得鸡肉于食品包装容器中，并使用抗菌的包装材料进行MAP包装，含有光催化材料的涂层位于包装内侧，包装过程中充入的气体为O2+CO2+N2(体积比为1：1：1)，将经包装后的包装盒放在电极之间进行等离子体处理，等离子处理的时间为120S，处理的电压强度为30kv/cm。
对比例1
实施例条件同实施例1相同，仅将抗菌包装材料换成普通的聚酰胺(PA)/聚乙烯膜。
性能检测：
1、细菌菌落数量的检测
菌悬液采用的腐败鸡肉中的P.fluorescens和M.caseolyticus实验菌株，摇床培养至适宜浓度，去掉培养基使用无菌PBS制成菌悬液备用。实施例1～5和对比例1的样品在杀菌处理前P.fluorescens菌株含量为6.15±0.41 log，M.caseolyticus菌株含量为6.39±0.32 log。
实施例1～4以及对比例1中的样品经过等离子杀菌处理后的菌株含量如表1所示。
表1等离子体处理后鸡肉表面细菌菌落数量变化
项目 P.fluorescens(log) M.caseolyticus(log)
实施例1 2.66±0.14 3.0±0
实施例2 3.06±0.35 3.36±0.21
实施例3 3.34±2.81 3.75±0.28
实施例4 3.75±0.42 4.0±0.32
对比例1 5.15±0.35 5.50±0.01
从表1中可以看出，经等离子体处理后，自制新型抗菌纳米材料薄膜包装组中M.caseolyticus和P.fluorescens的菌落数量远远低于普通膜包装组。
2、不同贮藏时间对菌落数量以及颜色的影响
表2等离子体处理后包装鸡肉表面细菌落数量变化
项目 3天 7天 10天 14天
实施例1 2.47±0.21 3.03±0.18 3.46±0.35 4.37±0.36
实施例2 3.07±0.25 3.78±0.22 4.63±0.33 5.29±0.30
实施例3 3.78±0.31 4.37±0.28 5.48±0.42 6.30±0.30
实施例4 4.31±0.31 4.78±0.28 5.64±0.25 6.31±0.24
对比例1 5.39±0.23 7.44±0.31 7.57±0.33 8.36±0.32
表3等离子体处理包装鸡肉在贮藏过程中色差L*的影响
Figure PCTCN2014089001-appb-000001
等离子体处理后，包装鸡肉表面的菌落数量相比对照组都有明显减少，如表2所示。其中对照组的鸡肉在4℃下能够保存不超过7天，7天时细菌菌落数量已经超过7log，即鸡肉有变质的趋势；而使用光催化包装膜包装鸡肉，经等离子体处理后能在4℃下保存至14天，是对照组的2倍。贮藏过程中鸡肉表面颜色变化如表3所示，经等离子体处理后在4℃下贮藏，鸡肉表面颜色无变化。说明等离子体与光催化膜相结合能够有效延长鸡肉的贮藏期，是普通包装膜的2倍。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：
    1)抗菌包装材料的制备：将光催化剂、偶联剂和涂布液高速混匀，混匀后偶联制备得到改性涂布液，之后将该改性涂布液涂布在塑料包装膜的表面从而制备成具有光催化抑菌功能的包装材料；
    2)将生鲜肉采用步骤1)制备得到的包装材料进行MAP包装，其中含有光催化材料的涂层位于包装内侧；
    3)将经MAP包装的生鲜肉放置在等离子体发生装置的两个电极之间，在高压电场条件下进行等离子体杀菌处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中塑料包装膜的材料为聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乙烯或聚脂。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中涂布液为PVA涂布液、PE涂布液或PVDC涂布液。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中涂布液的质量浓度浓度为2～8％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中光催化剂是纳米TiO2、纳米ZnO和纳米Fe2O3中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中光催化剂的用量为0.3～2g/L涂布液，优选光催化剂的用量为0.45～0.65g/L涂布液。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中MAP包装过程中充入的气体为二氧化碳、氧气、氮气、氦气、氖气和氩气中至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中等离子体产生装置包括电压调控器、高压电场发生器、上电极、下电极和绝缘护板，在上下电极中间放置经MAP包装后的生鲜肉；包装盒的上表面与上电极 之间设有上绝缘护板，包装盒的下表面与下电极之间设有下绝缘护板。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：采用的绝缘护板为聚丙烯或聚乙烯板，上层护板的厚度为1.3-1.8mm，下层护板的厚度为1.8-3.5mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的生鲜肉高压电场等离子体协同纳米光催化杀菌保鲜方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中等离子体产生装置的电压强度10～50kv/cm，处理的时间为1s～6min；优选电压强度为25～35kv/cm，处理时间30～90s。
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