WO2015197379A1 - Formulierungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung, und geeignete komponenten - Google Patents

Formulierungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung, und geeignete komponenten Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015197379A1
WO2015197379A1 PCT/EP2015/063134 EP2015063134W WO2015197379A1 WO 2015197379 A1 WO2015197379 A1 WO 2015197379A1 EP 2015063134 W EP2015063134 W EP 2015063134W WO 2015197379 A1 WO2015197379 A1 WO 2015197379A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
acid
graft copolymer
formulations
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/063134
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Holger TÜRK
Heike Weber
Gazi TUERKOGLU
Original Assignee
Basf Se
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Basf Se filed Critical Basf Se
Priority to MX2016017276A priority Critical patent/MX2016017276A/es
Priority to CN201580033683.3A priority patent/CN106459840B/zh
Priority to BR112016030224-9A priority patent/BR112016030224B1/pt
Priority to JP2016574371A priority patent/JP6628749B2/ja
Priority to CA2951074A priority patent/CA2951074A1/en
Priority to KR1020177001871A priority patent/KR20170020509A/ko
Priority to US15/319,493 priority patent/US10072235B2/en
Priority to ES15727682.5T priority patent/ES2672370T3/es
Priority to EP15727682.5A priority patent/EP3157901B1/de
Priority to PL15727682T priority patent/PL3157901T3/pl
Priority to RU2017101857A priority patent/RU2676769C2/ru
Publication of WO2015197379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015197379A1/de

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
    • C07C227/18—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions involving amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. hydrolysis of esters or amides, by formation of halides, salts or esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3788—Graft polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C229/16—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid, iminodiacetic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/42—Nitriles
    • C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0036—Soil deposition preventing compositions; Antiredeposition agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
    • C11D2111/18—Glass; Plastics

Definitions

  • the present application relates to formulations containing
  • (A) at least one compound selected from methylglycine diacetate (MGDA) and glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA) and salts thereof,
  • R 1 is selected from methyl and hydrogen
  • a 1 is selected from C 2 -C 4 -alkylene
  • R 2 are identical or different and selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
  • X- is selected from halide, mono-C 1 -C 4 alkyl sulfate and sulfate.
  • the present application relates to uses of the formulations according to the invention and to a process for their preparation. Furthermore, the present invention relates to graft copolymers which are composed of
  • R 1 is selected from methyl and hydrogen
  • a 1 is selected from C 2 -C 4 -alkylene
  • R 2 are identical or different and selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
  • X- is selected from halide, mono-C 1 -C 4 alkyl sulfate and sulfate.
  • Dishwashing detergents have many requirements to fulfill. So they have to clean the dishes thoroughly, they should have no harmful or potentially harmful substances in the wastewater, they should allow the draining and drying of the water from the dishes, the detached contaminants must be dispersed or emulsified so sustainable that they do not affect the Deposit the surface of the items to be washed.
  • the dishwasher should not cause problems when operating the dishwasher. Finally, they should not lead to aesthetically undesirable consequences on the good to be cleaned. In particular, no whitish spots or deposits are to occur which arise due to the presence of lime or other inorganic and organic salts in the drying of water droplets or reflected by deposition of dirt constituents or inorganic salts already during the rinsing process on the dishes.
  • multifunctional cleaners eg, 3-in-1 cleaners or general x-in-1 cleaners
  • the functions of cleansing, rinsing, and water softening are combined in a single detergent formulation, so that for the Consumers both the refilling of salt (at water hardness of 0 ° to 21 ° dH) and the refilling of rinse aid is unnecessary.
  • polymers are often used to inhibit deposits. These may be, for example, sulfonate-containing polymers in phosphate-containing cleaners, which show, in particular, effects on the inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitates.
  • the surfactants used are selected so that they are carried off into the rinse cycle, where they ensure optimum wetting and a good rinse aid result.
  • Further suitable polymers are polycarboxylates such as, for example, polyacrylic acids.
  • phosphate-free dishwashing detergents which should continue to be used without rinse aids and ion exchangers, requires new solutions.
  • phosphate-free dishwashing detergents the composition of the resulting salts is different than in phosphate-containing cleaners, so that previously used polymers are in many cases not sufficiently effective.
  • phosphate-free dishwashing detergents are still in need of improvement.
  • EP 2 138 560 A1 discloses graft copolymers and their use in hard surface cleaning agents, including as dishwashing detergents.
  • the cleaning agents proposed in EP 2 138 560 A1 in some cases, for example as dishwashing detergents on cutlery items such as knives and in particular on glass, do not exhibit sufficient inhibition of coating.
  • a further object was to provide a process by means of which it is possible to prepare formulations which have a very good inhibition of coating, in particular in phosphate-free compositions. It was finally the task to provide suitable components for such formulations.
  • formulations defined above were found, and in the context of the present invention also called formulations of the invention.
  • Formulations according to the invention can be liquid, solid, paste-like or gelatin at room temperature, ie at 20 ° C.
  • Preferably formulations of the invention are solid at room temperature.
  • solid formulations of the invention may be anhydrous or contain water, for example up to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 10 wt .-% water, determined for example by Karl Fischer titration or by determining the dry residue at 80 ° C. under reduced pressure.
  • At room temperature solid formulations of the invention may be present for example in the form of powder, granules or tablets.
  • formulations according to the invention are liquid at 20 ° C.
  • liquid formulations of the invention may contain 30 to 80 wt .-% water, preferably 40 to 80 wt .-%. Also in such embodiments, the water content can be determined by determining the dry residue at 80 ° C under reduced pressure.
  • Liquid formulations of the invention which are at room temperature can be in gel form, for example.
  • (A) at least one compound, in short also called compound (A), selected from methyl glycine diacetate (MGDA) and glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA) and their salts. Preference is given to choosing compound (A) from MGDA and its salts, in particular its sodium salts.
  • compound (A) selected from methyl glycine diacetate (MGDA) and glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA) and their salts.
  • MGDA and GLDA may be present as a racemate or as an enantiomerically pure compound.
  • GLDA is preferably selected from L-GLDA or enantiomerically enriched mixtures of L-GLDA in which at least 80 mol%, preferably at least 90 mol%, of L-GLDA is present.
  • compound (A) is selected from racemic MGDA.
  • compound (A) is selected from L-MGDA or mixtures of L- and D-MGDA in which L-MGDA predominates and in which the molar ratio L / D is in the range of 55:45 to 95 : 5 is, preferably 60:40 to 85:15.
  • the molar ratio L / D can be determined for example by polarimetry or chromatographically, preferably by HPLC with a chiral column, for example with cyclodextrin as the stationary phase or with an immobilized on the column. table active ammonium salt. For example, one can use an immobilized D-penicillamine salt.
  • MGDA or GLDA is preferably used as a salt.
  • Preferred salts are ammonium salts and alkali metal salts, particularly preferred are the potassium and in particular the sodium salts. These may, for example, have the general formula (II) or (III):
  • Na3-x-y yKxH (II) x is in the range of 0.0 to 0.5, preferably to 0.25
  • y is in the range of 0.0 to 0.5, preferably to 0.25.
  • Compound (A) may contain small amounts of cations other than alkali metal ions, for example Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ or iron ions, for example Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ . In many cases, such ions are contained in compound (A) as a result of the preparation. In one embodiment of the present invention, cations other than alkali metal ions are contained in the range of 0.01 to 5 mol%, based on the total MGDA or total GLDA.
  • compound (A) contains small amounts of one or more impurities which may or may be due to production.
  • impurities for example, propionic acid, alanine or lactic acid may be present as an impurity.
  • small amounts are, for example, in the range from 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on compound (A). Such impurities are neglected in the present invention, unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • formulation according to the invention contains a compound (A), for example only trisodium salt of MGDA or only tetrasodium salt of GLDA.
  • compounds of the formula (II) or (III) with x or y not equal to zero should each be referred to as a compound.
  • formulation according to the invention contains two compounds (A), for example a mixture of trisodium salt of MGDA and tetrasodium salt of GLDA, for example in a molar ratio in the range from 1: 1 to 1:10.
  • Formulations according to the invention also contain
  • Graft copolymer (B) or graft copolymer (B) according to the invention is called and which is composed of
  • grafting base (a) at least one grafting base, briefly called grafting base (a), which is selected from nonionic monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides,
  • R 1 is selected from methyl and hydrogen
  • a 1 is selected from C 2 -C 4 -alkylene
  • R 2 are identical or different and are selected from Ci-C4-alkyl
  • X- is selected from halide, mono-C 1 -C 4 alkyl sulfate and sulfate.
  • aldopentoses pentuloses (ketopentoses), aldohexoses and hexuloses (ketohexoses) can be selected as the graft base (a) suitable nonionic monosaccharides.
  • Suitable aldopentoses are e.g. D-ribose, D-xylose and L-arabinose.
  • Aldohexoses are D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose;
  • hexuloses (ketohexoses) are mainly D-fructose and D-sorbose mentioned.
  • deoxy sugars such as, for example, L-fucose and L-rhamnose should also be counted as nonionic monosaccharides.
  • nonionic disaccharides cellobiose, lactose, maltose and sucrose are mentioned, for example.
  • nonionic oligosaccharides are nonionic carbohydrates having from three to ten nonionic monosaccharide units per molecule, for example glycans.
  • Nonionic polysaccharides in the context of the present invention are nonionic carbohydrates having more than ten nonionic monosaccharide units per molecule.
  • Non-ionic oligo- and polysaccharides may be, for example, linear, cyclic or branched.
  • non-ionic polysaccharides examples include biopolymers such as starch and glycogen, as well as cellulose and dextran. Also to be mentioned are inulin as a polycondensate of D-fructose (fructans) and chitin. Further examples of non-ionic polysaccharides are non-ionic starch degradation products, for example products which can be obtained by enzymatic or so-called chemical degradation of starch. An example of the so-called chemical degradation of starch is acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
  • non-ionic starch degradation products are maltodextrins.
  • mixtures of monomers, dimers, oligomers and polymers of glucose are taken to mean maltodextrin.
  • the percentage composition differs. This is described by the dextrose equivalent, which is between 3 and 40 for maltodextrin.
  • graft base (a) from non-ionic polysaccharides, in particular from starch, which is preferably not chemically modified, for example whose hydroxyl groups are preferably neither esterified nor etherified.
  • starch is selected from those non-ionic polysaccharides having in the range of 20 to 30% by weight of amylose and in the range of 70 to 80% of amylopectin. Examples are corn starch, rice starch, potato starch and wheat starch.
  • side chains are grafted.
  • One to ten side chains may preferably be grafted on average per molecule of graft copolymer (B).
  • a side chain is preferably linked to the anomeric C atom of a monosaccharide or to an anomeric C atom of the chain end of an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide.
  • the number of side chains is limited by the number of C atoms with hydroxyl groups of the relevant grafting base (a).
  • monocarboxylic acids (b) are ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 10 -monocarboxylic acids and their alkali metal or ammonium salts, in particular the potassium and the sodium salts.
  • Preferred monocarboxylic acids (b) are acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and also sodium (meth) acrylate.
  • mixtures of ethylenically unsaturated C3-C10 monocarboxylic acids and especially mixtures of acrylic and methacrylic acid are preferred components (b).
  • dicarboxylic acids (b) are ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 10 -dicarboxylic acids and their mono- and in particular dialkali metal or ammonium salts, in particular the dipotassium and disodium salts, and anhydrides of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 10 -dicarboxylic acids.
  • Preferred dicarboxylic acids (b) are maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride.
  • graft copolymer (B) contains in at least one side chain in addition to monomer (c) at least one monocarboxylic acid (b) and at least one dicarboxylic acid (b).
  • graft copolymer (B) in the side chains in addition to monomer (c) exclusively monocarboxylic acid (b), but no dicarboxylic acid (b) copolymerized.
  • Monomers (c) are ethylenically unsaturated N-containing compounds with permanent cationic charge.
  • R 1 is selected from methyl and hydrogen
  • a 1 is selected from C 2 -C 4 -alkylene, for example -CH 2 -CH 2 -, CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, preferred are -CH 2 -CH 2 - and - (CH 2 ) 3 -,
  • R 2 are different or preferably identical and selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, are preferred at least two R 2 are the same and each is methyl, and the third group R 2 is ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or two R 2 are the same and each is ethyl, and the third group R 2 is methyl, n-propyl or n - butyl. More preferably, all three R 2 are the same and are selected from methyl.
  • X- is selected from halide, for example iodide, bromide and in particular chloride, furthermore from mono-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate and sulfate.
  • mono-C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfate are methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, iso-propylsulfate and n-butylsulfate, preferred are methylsulfate and ethylsulfate. If one chooses X- as sulfate, then X- stands for half an equivalent of sulfate.
  • the variables are chosen as follows:
  • R 1 is hydrogen or methyl
  • R 2 are the same and each is methyl
  • X- is chloride
  • monomer (c) is selected from
  • Graft copolymer (B) may contain in one or more side chains at least one further comonomer (d) in copolymerized form, for example hydroxyalkyl esters such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, or esters of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, or sulfonic acid groups containing comonomers, for example 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and their alkali metal salts.
  • graft copolymer (B) preferably contains no further comonomers (d) in one or more side chains.
  • the proportion of graft base (a) in graft copolymer (B) is in the range of 40 to 95 wt .-%, preferably from 50 to 90 wt .-%, each based on the total graft copolymer (B).
  • the proportion of monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) is in the range from 2 to 40% by weight, preferably from 5 to 30% by weight and in particular from 5 to 25% by weight. , in each case based on the total graft copolymer (B).
  • Monomer or monomers of type (c) is or are copolymerized in amounts of 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 5 to 30 wt .-%, in each case based on the total Graft copolymer (B).
  • graft copolymer (B) contains more monocarboxylic acid (b) in copolymerized form as compound (c), based on the molar fractions, for example in the range from 1.1: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 4 :1.
  • the average molecular weight (M w ) of graft copolymer (B) is in the range of 2,000 to 200,000 g / mol, preferably 5,000 to 150,000, and more preferably 8,000 to 100,000 g / mol.
  • the average molecular weight M w is preferably measured by gel permeation chromatography in aqueous
  • Graft copolymer (B) can preferably be obtained as an aqueous solution from which it can be isolated, for. B. by spray drying, spray granulation or freeze-drying.
  • graft copolymer (B) or dried graft copolymer (B) to prepare the formulations of this invention.
  • graft copolymer (B) by at least one biocide.
  • suitable biocides are isothiazolinones, for example 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one ("BIT"), octylisothiazolinone ("OIT”), dichloroctylisothiazolinone (“DCOIT”), 2-methyl-2 / - / - isothiazolinone 3-one (“MIT”) and 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazolin-3-one (“CIT”), phenoxyethanol, alkylparabens such as methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, benzoic acid and their salts such as sodium benzoate, Benzyl alcohol, alkali metal sorbates such as, for example, sodium sorbate, and optionally substituted hydantoins such as, for example, 1,3-bis (hydroxymethyl) -5,5-dimethylhydan
  • the formulation according to the invention is free of phosphates and polyphosphates, with hydrogen phosphates being subsumed.
  • free of trisodium phosphate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate and Hexasatriummeta- phosphate is understood to mean that the total content of phosphate and polyphosphate is in the range from 10 ppm to 0.2% by weight, determined by gravimetry.
  • formulation according to the invention is free of those heavy metal compounds which do not function as bleach catalysts, in particular of compounds of iron.
  • free from is to be understood in connection with heavy metal compounds as meaning that the content of heavy metal compounds which do not act as bleach catalysts is in the range from 0 to 100 ppm, preferably from 1 to 30 ppm, determined according to Leach method.
  • heavy metals all metals are in the context of the present invention having a specific density of at least 6 g / cm 3, with the exception of zinc and bismuth. In particular, considered as heavy metals, precious metals as well as iron, copper, lead, tin, nickel, cadmium and Chrome.
  • formulation according to the invention contains in total from 1 to 50% by weight of compound (A), preferably from 5 to 45% by weight, particularly preferably from 10 to 35% by weight;
  • graft copolymer (B) total in the range of 0.1 to 4 wt .-% of graft copolymer (B), preferably 0.3 to 2 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 1, 5 wt .-%, based in each case on the solids content of the relevant inventive Formulation.
  • Formulations according to the invention may be free of bleaching agents, for example free of inorganic peroxide compounds or chlorine bleaches such as sodium hypochlorite.
  • free of inorganic peroxide compounds or chlorine bleaches is understood to mean that such formulations according to the invention contain a total of 0.01% by weight or less of inorganic peroxide compound and chlorine bleach, based in each case on the solids content of the relevant formulation according to the invention.
  • Peroxide (C) at least one inorganic peroxide compound, in the context of the present invention is also referred to briefly as peroxide (C).
  • Peroxide (C) is selected from sodium peroxodisulfate, sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, preference being given to sodium percarbonate.
  • Peroxide (C) may be anhydrous or preferably hydrous.
  • hydrous sodium perborate Na 2 [B (OH) 2 (O 2) 2], sometimes also written as NaBC C Sh O.
  • hydrous sodium percarbonate is 2 Na 2 CO 3 .3H 2 O 2. Particular preference is given to choosing peroxide (C) from hydrous percarbonates.
  • the formulation according to the invention preferably contains from 1 to 20% by weight of peroxide (C), preferably from 2 to 12% by weight, particularly preferably from 3 to 12% by weight, based on the solids content of the relevant formulation.
  • C peroxide
  • Formulations of the invention containing at least one peroxide (C) are preferably solid at room temperature.
  • the formulation according to the invention contains
  • Chlorine bleach (C) at least one chlorine-containing bleaching agent, which in the context of the present invention is also referred to briefly as chlorine bleach (C).
  • Chlorine bleach (C) is preferably sodium hypochlorite.
  • Chlorine bleach- (C) -containing formulations according to the invention are preferably liquid at room temperature.
  • the formulation according to the invention preferably contains in the range from 0.1 to 20% by weight of chlorine bleach (C), preferably 0.5 to 12% by weight, more preferably 1 to 12% by weight, based on the solids content of the relevant liquid formulation.
  • Ingredients (D) are different from compound (A), graft copolymer (B) and peroxide (C) or chlorine bleach (C).
  • Formulations according to the invention may comprise one or more further ingredients (D), for example one or more surfactants, one or more enzymes, one or more enzyme stabilizers, one or more builders, in particular phosphate-free builders, one or more co-builders, one or more Alkali carriers, one or more acids, one or more bleach catalysts, one or more bleach activators, one or more bleach stabilizers, one or more defoamers, one or more corrosion inhibitors, one or more builders, buffers, dyes, one or more perfumes, one or more thickeners , one or more organic solvents, one or more tableting aids, one or more disintegrating agents, also called tablet disintegrating agents, or one or more solubilizing agents.
  • D further ingredients
  • surfactants for example one or more surfactants, one or more enzymes, one or more enzyme stabilizers, one or more builders, in particular phosphate-free builders, one or more co-builders, one or more Alkali carriers, one or more acids, one or more bleach catalysts, one or more
  • surfactants are, in particular, nonionic surfactants and mixtures of anionic or zwitterionic surfactants with nonionic surfactants.
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols, di- and multiblock copolymers. sate of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and reaction products of sorbitan with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, alkyl glycosides and so-called amine oxides.
  • alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols are compounds of the general formula (IV)
  • R 3 is the same or different selected from linear C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, preferably ethyl and particularly preferably methyl,
  • R 4 selected from Cs-C22-alkyl, for example nC & Hn, n-doF i, n-Ci2H25, nC-uF s), n-Ci6H33
  • R 5 is selected from hydrogen and C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n- Decyl or iso-decyl, m and n are in the range of zero to 300, the sum of n and m being at least one.
  • m is in the range of 1 to 100 and n is in the range of 0 to 30.
  • these may be block copolymers or random copolymers, preference being given to block copolymers.
  • alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols are compounds of the general formula (V)
  • R 6 selected from C 6 -C 20 -alkyl, in particular n-CsH-i, n-doF i, n-Ci 2 H 25, nC-uF s), n-Ci6H33, n-C 18H 37, R 7 is identical or different and selected from linear C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, preferably in each case the same and ethyl and particularly preferably methyl.
  • a is a number ranging from 1 to 6
  • b is a number ranging from 4 to 20
  • d is a number ranging from 4 to 25.
  • Compounds of general formula (V) may be block or random copolymers , preferred are block copolymers.
  • alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols are hydroxy mixed ethers of the general formula (VI)
  • R 8 is -CH (OH) -CH 2 -O- (AO) k -R 9 (VI) where the variables are chosen as follows: R 8 is C 4 -C 30 -alkyl, branched or unbranched, or
  • R 8 is preferably selected from C 4 -C 30 -alkyl, branched or unbranched, particularly preferably unbranched C 4 -C 30 -alkyl and very particularly preferably n-C 1 -C 12 -alkyl.
  • R 9 is C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, branched or unbranched, or C 2 -C 30 -alkenyl, branched or unbranched, having at least one C-C double bond.
  • R 9 is selected from C 4 -C 30 -alkyl, branched or unbranched, particularly preferably unbranched C 6 -C 20 -alkyl and very particularly preferably n-C 1 -C -n-alkyl.
  • k is a number in the range from 1 to 100, preferably from 5 to 60, particularly preferably from 10 to 50 and very particularly preferably from 20 to 40
  • AO is selected from alkylene oxide, different or the same and selected from CH 2 -CH 2 -O,
  • a preferred example of AO is CH 2 -CH 2 -O (EO).
  • (AO) k is selected from (ChbChbOJki, where k1 is selected from numbers in the range of 1 to 50. In one embodiment of the present invention, (AO) k is selected
  • k2 and k3 may be the same or different and selected from Numbers can be chosen in the range of 1 to 30.
  • (AO) k is selected from - (CH CI O ⁇ , where k4 is in the range of 10 to 50, AO is EO, and R 8 and R 9 are independently selected from C8-Ci4 alkyl become.
  • k or k1, k2, k3 and k4 are in each case mean values, the number average being preferred. Therefore, each of the variables k or k1, k2, k3 or k4 - if present - can mean a fraction. Of course, a given molecule can only carry a whole number of AO units.
  • nonionic surfactants are compounds of the general formula (VII) and in particular of the formula (VII a)
  • R 4 and AO are as defined above and EO is ethylene oxide, ie CH 2 CH 2 O, where the AO in formula (VII) and (VII a) may each be identical or different,
  • R 8 selected from Cs-Cis-alkyl, linear or branched
  • a 3 0 is selected from propylene oxide and butylene oxide
  • w is a number in the range of 15 to 70, preferably 30 to 50,
  • w1 and w3 are numbers in the range of 1 to 5 and
  • w2 is a number in the range of 13 to 35.
  • suitable nonionic surfactants are selected from di- and multiblock copolymers, composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
  • suitable nonionic surfactants are selected from ethoxylated or propoxylated sorbitan esters.
  • amine oxides or alkyl glycosides are also suitable. An overview of suitable further nonionic surfactants can be found in EP-A 0 851 023 and in DE-A 198 19 187.
  • anionic surfactants are C 8 -C 20 -alkyl sulfates, C 8 -C 20 -alkyl sulfonates and C 8 -C 20 -alkyl ether sulfates having one to six ethylene oxide units per molecule.
  • formulation of the invention may contain in the range of from 3 to 20% by weight of surfactant.
  • Formulations of the invention may contain one or more enzymes.
  • enzymes are lipases, hydrolases, amylases, proteases, cellulases, esterases, pectinases, lactases and peroxidases.
  • Formulations according to the invention may contain, for example, up to 5% by weight of enzyme, preferably from 0.1 to 3% by weight, in each case based on the total solids content of the formulation according to the invention.
  • Formulations of the invention may contain one or more enzyme stabilizers.
  • Enzyme stabilizers are used to protect the enzyme - especially during storage - against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or disintegration such as by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
  • Examples of enzyme stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors, for example
  • peptide aldehydes that is, oligopeptides having a reduced C-terminus, especially those of 2 to 50 monomers, are used for this purpose.
  • the peptidic reversible protease inhibitors include ovomucoid and leupeptin.
  • specific, reversible peptide inhibitors for the protease subtilisin and fusion proteins from proteases and specific peptide inhibitors are suitable.
  • enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and - propanolamine and mixtures thereof, aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids up to C 12 -carboxylic acids such as succinic acid. End-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates are also suitable enzyme stabilizers.
  • enzyme stabilizers include sodium sulfite, reducing sugars, and potassium sulfate.
  • Another example of a suitable enzyme stabilizer is sorbitol.
  • Formulations according to the invention may contain one or more builders (D), in particular phosphate-free builders (D). In the context of the present invention, compound (A) does not count as builder (D).
  • Suitable builders (D) are silicates, in particular sodium disilicate and sodium metasilicate, zeolites, phyllosilicates, especially those of the formula: Na 2 Si 2 O 5, ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5, and 5-Na 2 Si 2 O, furthermore citric acid and its sodium salts, succinic acid and its alkali metal salts, fatty acid sulfonates, a-hydroxypropionic acid, alkali metal malonates, fatty acid sulfonates, alkyl and alkenyl disuccinates, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, imidoduccinic acid, hydroxyimidodisuccinic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, aspartic acid and their salts, furthermore carboxymethylinulin, tartaric acid diacetate, tartaric acid monoa
  • formulations according to the invention containing a salt of citric acid, in particular sodium citrate, also called sodium citrate (D).
  • a salt of citric acid in particular sodium citrate, also called sodium citrate (D).
  • this is preferably understood to mean the dihydrate of the trisodium salt of citric acid.
  • Formulations according to the invention may contain, for example, in the range from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably up to 35% by weight, of further builders, in particular sodium citrate, based on the total solids content of the relevant formulation according to the invention.
  • polymeric builders (D) are understood as meaning organic polymers, in particular polycarboxylates and polyaspartic acid. Polymer builders (D) have no or only a negligible effect as a surfactant.
  • polymeric builders (D) are selected from polycarboxylates, for example alkali metal salts of (meth) acrylic acid homo- or
  • (Meth) acrylic acid copolymers are monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid and citraconic acid.
  • a suitable polymer is polyacrylic acid in particular, which preferably have an average molecular weight M w in the range from 2000 to 40,000 g / mol, preferably 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, in particular 3000 to 8000 g / mol.
  • copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid and / or fumaric acid.
  • polymeric builders (D) are selected from one or more copolymers prepared from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 10 -mono- or dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, Methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid and at least one hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomer, as enumerated below.
  • monomers selected from the group consisting of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 10 -mono- or dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, Methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid and at least one hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomer, as enumerated below.
  • hydrophobic monomers examples include isobutene, diisobutene, butene, pentene, hexene and styrene, olefins having 10 or more carbon atoms or mixtures thereof such as, for example, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-docoses, 1-tetracoses and 1-hexacoses, C22- ⁇ -olefin, a mixture of C2o-C24- ⁇ -olefins and polyisobutene with an average of 12 to 100 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable hydrophilic monomers are monomers having sulfonate or phosphonate groups as well as nonionic monomers having hydroxy function or alkylene oxide groups. Examples which may be mentioned are: allyl alcohol, isoprenol, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolybutylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypoly (propylene oxide-co-ethylene oxide) (meth) acrylate, ethoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, ethoxypolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, ethoxypolybutylene glycol (meth) acrylate and ethoxypoly (propylene oxide-co-ethylene oxide) (meth) acrylate.
  • the polyalkylene glycols contain 3 to 50, in particular 5 to 40 and especially 10 to 30 alkylene oxide units.
  • Particularly preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3-methacrylamido-2- hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate , Sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide
  • Particularly preferred phosphonate group-containing monomers are the vinylphosphonic acid and its salts.
  • amphoteric polymers other than graft polymer (B) can be used as the polymeric builder (D).
  • amphoteric polymers are copolymers of at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, at least one amide selected from N-C 1 -C 10 -alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acrylamide and methacrylamide, and at least one comonomer, selected from DADMAC, MAPTAC and APTAC.
  • Formulations according to the invention may contain, for example, in the range of from 10 to 75% by weight, preferably up to 50% by weight, of builder (D), based on the solids content of the relevant formulation according to the invention.
  • Formulations according to the invention may contain, for example, in the range from 2 to 15% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, of polymeric builder (D), based on the solids content of the relevant formulation according to the invention.
  • formulation according to the invention contains, in addition to graft polymer (B), a polymeric builder (D).
  • the weight ratio of polymeric builder (D) to graft copolymer (B) is then preferably from 30: 1 to 3: 1.
  • formulations according to the invention may contain one or more co-builders.
  • cobuilders are phosphonates, for example hydroxyalkanephosphonates and aminoalkanephosphonates.
  • hydroxyalkane phosphonates the 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder.
  • HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
  • Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediaminetetra-methylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of the neutral reacting sodium salts, e.g. as hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP used.
  • Formulations of the invention may contain one or more alkali carriers.
  • Alkaline carriers for example, provide the pH of at least 9 when an alkaline pH is desired.
  • Suitable examples are alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal hydroxides and alkali metal metasilicates.
  • Preferred alkali metal is in each case potassium, particularly preferred is sodium.
  • Formulations of the invention may contain one or more bleach catalysts.
  • Bleach catalysts can be selected from bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum-salene complexes or manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum carbonyl complexes.
  • Manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium and copper complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands and cobalt, iron, copper and ruthenium-amine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
  • Formulations according to the invention may contain one or more bleach activators, for example N-methylmorpholinium acetonitrile salts ("MMA salts”), trimethylammonium acetonitrile salts, N-acylimides such as N-nonanoyl succinimide, 1,5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (“DADHT”) or nitrile quats (trimethylammonium acetonitrile salts).
  • MMA salts N-methylmorpholinium acetonitrile salts
  • DADHT 1,5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
  • DADHT 1,5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
  • nitrile quats trimethylammonium acetonitrile salts
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • TAED tetraacetylhexylenediamine
  • Formulations of the invention may contain one or more corrosion inhibitors.
  • corrosion inhibitors such compounds that inhibit the corrosion of metal.
  • suitable corrosion inhibitors are triazoles, in particular benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles, furthermore phenol derivatives such as, for example, hydroquinone, catechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin or pyrogallol, furthermore polyethyleneimine and salts of bismuth or zinc.
  • formulations according to the invention contain a total of in the range from 0.1 to 1, 5 wt .-% corrosion inhibitor, based on the solids content of the relevant inventive formulation.
  • Formulations of the invention may contain one or more builders, for example, sodium sulfate.
  • Formulations of the invention may contain one or more defoamers selected, for example, from silicone oils and paraffin oils.
  • formulations according to the invention contain in total from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of defoamer, based on the solids content of the relevant formulation according to the invention.
  • formulations according to the invention may contain one or more acids, for example methanesulfonic acid.
  • formulations according to the invention contain one or more disintegrants, also called tablet disintegrants.
  • disintegrants also called tablet disintegrants.
  • examples are starch, polysaccharides, for example dextrans, furthermore crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol sorbitol-fatty acid esters.
  • such formulations of the invention which are liquid at room temperature, contain one or more thickeners.
  • one or more thickeners are preferably added to gel-form formulations according to the invention, it being particularly advantageous if the inventive formulation in question contains thickeners in the range from 0.1 to 8% by weight, prefers from 0.2 to 6% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.2 to 4% by weight, based on the solids content of the relevant formulation according to the invention.
  • the thickening agent may be selected from natural polymers or modified natural or synthetic thickening agents.
  • Naturally-derived polymers useful as thickening agents in the present invention include: agar-agar, carrageenan, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar gum, locust bean gum, starch, dextri - ne, xanthan, gelatin and casein.
  • thickeners from the group of modified natural substances can be selected, for example, from the group of modified starches and celluloses. Examples which may be mentioned are carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, and gum ethers.
  • Synthetic thickeners are selected from partially crosslinked poly (meth) acrylic acids, hydrophobically modified polyurethanes (HEUR thickener) and esterified with fatty alcohol ethoxylates poly (meth) acrylic acid copolymers (HASE thickener).
  • a particularly preferred thickener used is xanthan gum.
  • formulations according to the invention may contain one or more organic solvents.
  • organic solvents from the groups of monoalcohols, diols, triols or polyols, ethers, esters and / or amides.
  • Particular preference is given to organic solvents which are water-soluble, "water-soluble" solvents in the sense of the present application being solvents which are completely miscible with water at room temperature, that is to say without a miscibility gap.
  • Organic solvents which are suitable for formulations according to the invention are preferably selected from the group of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, alkanolamines or glycol ethers which are miscible with water in the given concentration range.
  • organic solvents are selected from ethanol, n- or i-propanol, butanols, glycol, 1,2-propanediol, or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl- or n-butyldiglycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, di-ethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl or ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or
  • formulations according to the invention have a pH in the range from 6 to 14, preferably 8 to 13.
  • the pH of a 1 wt. % aqueous solution or the liquid phase of a 1 wt .-% aqueous suspension determined.
  • Formulations of the invention are very suitable as or for the production of dishwashing detergents, in particular for machine dishwashing (English "Automatic
  • Dishwashing or ADW for short) formulations according to the invention themselves and dishwashing agents prepared from formulations according to the invention have a very good inhibition on dishwashing in dishwashing, in particular formulations according to the invention which are also resistant to stubborn dishes Stains effective, for example against tea stains and tar residues.
  • dishes of metal are cutlery, pots, pans and garlic presses, in particular cutlery items such as knives, cake servers and serving cutlery.
  • plastic ware dishes cups, cups and bowls made of melamine, polystyrene and polyethylene called.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore the use of formulations according to the invention for rinsing dishes and kitchen utensils, in particular for machine dishwashing, ie for rinsing with a dishwasher.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for machine dishwashing using at least one formulation according to the invention, also referred to in the present invention dishwashing process according to the invention.
  • the so available liquor is removed, rinsed one or more times with preferably clear water and allowed to dry.
  • water having a hardness in the range from 1 to 30 ° dH, preferably 2 to 25 ° dH, is used for cleaning, whereby German hardness is to be understood as meaning in particular the sum of magnesium hardness and calcium hardness.
  • neither regenerating salt nor separate rinse aid is used.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of formulations according to the invention, called in the context of the present invention also erfindungsconcees manufacturing process.
  • the preparation process according to the invention is characterized in that at least one compound (A), at least one graft copolymer (B) and optionally one or more further ingredients (D) and optionally peroxide (C) or chlorine bleach (C) in one or more steps with each other mixed and then optionally water completely or partially removed.
  • compound (A) one or more further ingredients (D) and optionally peroxide (C) are mixed in dry form and then an aqueous solution of graft copolymer (B) is added, either outside or inside a dishwasher ,
  • compound (A), graft copolymer (B) and one or more further ingredients (D) and optionally peroxide (C) or chlorine bleach (C) are mixed in dry form and the resulting mixture is compressed into shaped bodies , in particular to tablets.
  • one or more further ingredients (D) for the formulation according to the invention for example with one or more surfactants, one or more enzymes, one or more enzyme stabilizers, one or more builders (D), preferably one or more phosphate-free builders (D), in particular one or more polymer builders (D), one or more cobuilders, one or more alkali carriers, one or more bleach catalysts, one or more Bleach activators, one or more bleach stabilizers, one or more defoamers, one or more corrosion inhibitors, one or more builders, with buffer or dye.
  • one or more surfactants for example with one or more surfactants, one or more enzymes, one or more enzyme stabilizers, one or more builders (D), preferably one or more phosphate-free builders (D), in particular one or more polymer builders (D), one or more cobuilders, one or more alkali carriers, one or more bleach catalysts, one or more Bleach activators, one or more bleach stabilizers, one or more defoamers, one or more corrosion inhibitors, one
  • the procedure is such that the water is wholly or partly, for example, to a residual moisture in the range of zero to 15 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 10 %
  • inventive formulation is removed by evaporation, in particular by spray drying, spray granulation or compaction.
  • the water is removed, in whole or in part, at a pressure in the range from 0.3 to 2 bar.
  • the water is removed, in whole or in part, at temperatures in the range of 60 to 220 ° C. In another embodiment, the water is not removed. Instead, you can add more water. It is also particularly preferable to add a thickener. In this way one can obtain liquid formulations according to the invention. At room temperature, liquid formulations according to the invention may be in gel form, for example.
  • formulations of the invention may be liquid or solid, single or multi-phase, packaged or unpacked as tablets or in the form of other dosage units, for example as so-called pouches.
  • graft copolymers in the context of the present invention also briefly graft copolymer (B) or inventive graft copolymer mentioned.
  • Graft copolymers of the invention are composed of
  • R 1 is selected from methyl and hydrogen
  • a 1 is selected from C 2 -C 4 -alkylene
  • R 2 are identical or different and selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
  • X- is selected from halide, mono-C 1 -C 4 alkyl sulfate and sulfate.
  • mono-C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfate examples include methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, iso-propylsulfate and n-butylsulfate, preferred are methylsulfate and ethylsulfate. If one chooses X- as sulfate, X " stands for half an equivalent of sulfate.
  • R 1 is selected from methyl and hydrogen
  • a 1 is selected from C 2 -C 4 -alkylene, for example -CH 2 -CH 2 -, CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, are preferred -CH 2 -CH 2 - and - (CH 2 ) 3-,
  • R 2 are different or preferably identical and selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, preferably at least two R 2 are the same and each is methyl, and the third group R 2 is ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or two R 2 are the same and each is ethyl, and the third group R 2 is methyl, n-propyl or n-butyl. More preferably, all three R 2 are the same and are selected from methyl.
  • X " is selected from halide, for example iodide, bromide and in particular chloride, furthermore from mono-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate and sulfate.
  • R 1 is hydrogen or methyl
  • R 2 are the same and each is methyl
  • A is CH 2 CH 2
  • X- is chloride
  • monomer (c) is selected from
  • Graft copolymer (B) may comprise in copolymerized form at least one further comonomer (d) in one or more side chains, for example hydroxyalkyl esters such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, or esters of alkoxylated fatty alcohols or sulfonic acid groups. containing comonomers, for example 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and their alkali metal salts.
  • hydroxyalkyl esters such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate
  • esters of alkoxylated fatty alcohols or sulfonic acid groups for example 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and their alkali metal salts.
  • AMPS 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
  • graft copolymer (B) preferably contains no further comonomers (d) in one or more side chains.
  • the proportion of graft base (a) in graft copolymer (B) according to the invention is in the range from 40 to 95% by weight, preferably from 50 to 90% by weight, based in each case on the total graft copolymer (B) according to the invention.
  • the proportion of monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) is in the range from 2 to 40% by weight, preferably from 5 to 30% by weight. and in particular from 5 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the total inventive graft copolymer (B).
  • the monomers of type (c) are copolymerized in amounts of from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight and more preferably from 5 to 30% by weight, in each case based on the total graft copolymer (B) according to the invention.
  • the graft copolymer according to the invention contains more monocarboxylic acid (b) in copolymerized form as compound (c), based on the molar fractions, for example in the range from 1.1: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 4 :1 .
  • the average molecular weight (M w ) of graft copolymer (B) is in the range of 2,000 to 200,000 g / mol, preferably 5,000 to 150,000, and more preferably 8,000 to 100,000 g / mol.
  • the average molecular weight M w is preferably measured by gel permeation chromatography in aqueous KCl / formic acid solution.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a process for the preparation of graft copolymers according to the invention, in the context of the present invention also referred to as process according to the invention briefly.
  • process according to the invention it is possible to proceed in such a way that
  • At least one graft base (a) copolymerized free-radically at least one graft base (a) copolymerized free-radically.
  • Monocarboxylic acid (b), dicarboxylic acid (b), graft base (a) and monomer (c) are described above.
  • the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in water as solvent.
  • a mixture of water and one or more organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones, but also dipolar-aprotic, water-miscible solvents such.
  • DMSO dipolar-aprotic, water-miscible solvents
  • the process according to the invention is carried out at a temperature in the range from 60 to 120.degree. C., preferably from 65 to 100.degree. C., very particularly preferably at from 70 to 90.degree.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out under atmospheric pressure.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out at a pressure in the range from 1.2 to 20 bar.
  • the graft base (a) is initially introduced in aqueous solution and then monomer (c) and monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) are added in the presence of free-radical initiator.
  • the process according to the invention can preferably be carried out in such a way that monomer (c) and monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) are not completely reacted with the graft base (a), but, e.g. react by batchwise or continuous addition with the graft base (a).
  • the procedure is to initially only a part of monomer (c) and monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) and radical initiator to the graft base (a), the remainder in admixture with monomer (c) and Monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) side by side, with each addition of monomer (c) and monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) also radical initiator is added.
  • initially an aqueous solution of the graft base (a) is prepared and heated to 60 to 120 ° C. Subsequently, it is added, preferably continuously, a subset of monomers (c) together with a radical initiator. After the reaction with the graft base (a) has subsided, a mixture of monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) and the remaining amount of monomer (c) is added, preferably continuously, together with further radical initiator.
  • Suitable free radical initiators are, for example: azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN), peroxides, e.g. Benzoyl peroxide, also hydroperoxides and peresters. Particular preference is given to the use of sodium peroxodisulfate and tert-butyl hydroperoxide or of hydrogen peroxide, which are obtained in the commercial concentrations and formulations, e.g. can use as aqueous or alcoholic solutions. In another embodiment, a mixture of H2O2 with iron (II) salts can be used.
  • the hydrogen peroxide is preferably used in the form of aqueous solutions.
  • Free-radical initiators are preferably used in amounts of from 0.001 to 30 mol%, preferably from 0.1 to 25 mol% and in particular from 1 to 20 mol%, in each case based on the sum of molar amounts of monomer (c) and monocarboxylic acid ( b) or dicarboxylic acid (b).
  • alkylation is carried out, for example with C 1 -C 4 -alkyl halide or C 1 -C 4 -dialkyl sulfate, for example with ethyl chloride, ethyl bromide, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate.
  • monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b), monomer (c) and free-radical initiator it is possible to add further radical initiator, particularly preferably in the continuous feed process. This makes it possible to lower the content of monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) and monomer (c) in inventive graft copolymer (B).
  • bleaching may be carried out after the end of the polymerization, for example with peroxide such as H2O2.
  • residual monomer can be removed after the polymerization has ended, in particular monocarboxylic acid (b) or dicarboxylic acid (b) can be at least substantially removed by steam distillation.
  • Graft copolymer (B) according to the invention can preferably be obtained as an aqueous solution from which it can be isolated, for. B. by spray drying, spray granulation or freeze-drying.
  • graft copolymer (B) If it is desired to process or store the graft copolymer (B) according to the invention in the form of an aqueous solution, it is preferable to add at least one biocide.
  • a solution of inventive graft copolymer or dried graft copolymer according to the invention for the preparation of the formulations according to the invention.
  • the glasses were photographed on a device for digital image analysis on curved surfaces with a line scan camera. Different values were calculated for the images by means of software for image analysis (Weiss Imaging and Solutions GmbH, see, for example, S ⁇ FW, 133, 10,2007, pp. 48-52).
  • the mean value of the gray value over the evaluated area is informative for the covering of the glass. For the glasses used (total height of 13.5 cm) this covers the area from 2 cm from the floor and 2.5 cm from the upper edge.
  • the biocide used was always a 9% by weight solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in a water-propylene glycol mixture, commercially available as Proxel TM XL2 antimicrobial. Quantities are partly qu'elle.
  • a stirred reactor was charged with 235 g (a.1) in 618 g of water and heated to 80 ° C. with stirring. At 80 ° C., the following solutions were metered in simultaneously and via separate feeds as follows: a) An aqueous solution of 28.8 g (c.1) in 146 g of water, within 4 hours.
  • a stirred reactor was charged with 235 g (a.1) in 618 g of water and heated to 80 ° C. with stirring. At 80 ° C., the following solutions were metered in simultaneously and via separate feeds as follows: a) An aqueous solution of 43.6 g (c.1) in 150 g of water, within 4 hours.
  • a stirred reactor was charged with 235 g (a.1) in 618 g of water and heated to 80 ° C. with stirring. At 80 ° C., the following solutions were metered in simultaneously and via separate feeds as follows: a) An aqueous solution of 47.7 g (c.1) in 151 g of water, within 4 hours.
  • Comparative graft copolymer V-9 was prepared according to Example 4 of EP 2 138 560 B1.
  • Formulations F.1 to F.8 according to the invention and comparison formulations VF.9 were prepared by mixing the components according to Table 1, except for surfactant 1, dry. Nonionic surfactant 1 was melted and stirred into the dry mixture, thereby distributing it as homogeneously as possible. If graft copolymer (B.1) is present as an aqueous solution, the graft copolymer can first be isolated by drying and added solid to the other solid components or added separately as a solution to the dishwasher.
  • Table 1 Composition of formulations F.1 to F.4 according to the invention and comparative formulation VF.9
  • Nonionic surfactant 1 nC 8 Hi 7 -CH (OH) -CH 2 -O- (EO) 22 -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -O-n-CioH 2 i
  • Nonionic surfactant 2 n-CioH 2 i-CH (OH) -CH 2 -O- (EO) 4 on-CioH 2 i

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PCT/EP2015/063134 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 Formulierungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung, und geeignete komponenten WO2015197379A1 (de)

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MX2016017276A MX2016017276A (es) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 Formulaciones, produccion y uso de las mismas y componentes adecuados.
CN201580033683.3A CN106459840B (zh) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 配制剂、其制备和用途及合适的组分
BR112016030224-9A BR112016030224B1 (pt) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 formulações, produção e seu uso e componentes adequados
JP2016574371A JP6628749B2 (ja) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 配合物、その製造及び使用、並びに適した構成成分
CA2951074A CA2951074A1 (en) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 Formulations, the production and use thereof, and suitable components
KR1020177001871A KR20170020509A (ko) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 제형, 그 제조 및 용도, 및 적합한 성분
US15/319,493 US10072235B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 Formulations, the production and use thereof, and suitable components
ES15727682.5T ES2672370T3 (es) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 Formulaciones, su preparación y uso y componentes adecuados
EP15727682.5A EP3157901B1 (de) 2014-06-23 2015-06-12 Formulierungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung, und geeignete komponenten
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WO2018091326A1 (de) 2016-11-17 2018-05-24 Basf Se Formulierungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung
US10294444B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2019-05-21 Basf Se Formulations, use thereof as or for the production of dishwashing detergents, and production thereof
WO2019211231A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-11-07 Basf Se Dishwashing detergent formulations comprising polyaspartic acid and graft polymers based on oligo- and polysaccharides as film inhibiting additives
WO2019233864A1 (de) 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 Basf Se Formulierungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung, und geeignete komponenten
US10669380B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2020-06-02 Basf Se Amphiphilic star-like polyether
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US10294444B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2019-05-21 Basf Se Formulations, use thereof as or for the production of dishwashing detergents, and production thereof
US10669380B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2020-06-02 Basf Se Amphiphilic star-like polyether
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WO2019211231A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-11-07 Basf Se Dishwashing detergent formulations comprising polyaspartic acid and graft polymers based on oligo- and polysaccharides as film inhibiting additives
US11840680B2 (en) 2018-05-02 2023-12-12 Basf Se Dishwashing detergent formulations comprising polyaspartic acid and graft polymers based on oligo- and polysaccharides as film inhibiting additives
WO2019233864A1 (de) 2018-06-06 2019-12-12 Basf Se Formulierungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung, und geeignete komponenten
EP4386071A1 (en) 2022-12-15 2024-06-19 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Liquid dishwashing detergent

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