WO2015188514A1 - 基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法 - Google Patents

基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法 Download PDF

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WO2015188514A1
WO2015188514A1 PCT/CN2014/087283 CN2014087283W WO2015188514A1 WO 2015188514 A1 WO2015188514 A1 WO 2015188514A1 CN 2014087283 W CN2014087283 W CN 2014087283W WO 2015188514 A1 WO2015188514 A1 WO 2015188514A1
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motion
finite element
time
asymmetric
nonlinear finite
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陈新
白有盾
杨志军
高健
杨海东
王梦
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00Three-dimensional [3D] modelling for computer graphics
    • G06T17/10Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/04Constraint-based CAD

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering and mathematics research, and particularly relates to an asymmetric variable acceleration motion planning method based on optimal time domain distribution of main frequency energy.
  • a mechanism device with a motion acceleration of more than 10 g is considered to be a "soft body", and its dynamic characteristics are largely different from those of a general rigid body mechanism.
  • the above-mentioned high-acceleration actuator has a large inertial energy effect, and the residual vibration is high under high acceleration conditions such as high-speed start-stop, which requires a long decay time of the mechanism elastic vibration energy to meet the requirements of high-precision positioning.
  • the common solution is to design a smooth acceleration motion planning curve to reduce the vibration shock caused by acceleration changes in high-speed motion. For example, the common S-curve plan for manufacturing.
  • the traditional solution is mainly to plan the motion from the geometric smoothing of the motion acceleration curve. Because it does not optimize the motion planning of the actuator from the perspective of the inherent physical reasons such as the stiffness, inertia, and natural frequency of the mechanism, the obtained motion curve may generate harmonics during the driving process. Therefore, some researchers have proposed to use filtering. Eliminate the resonance component. However, there are still two problems in this method: 1) the natural frequency of the mechanism changes with the shape of the motion, and it is necessary to design a filter with variable band resistance; 2) the motion is not in place after filtering, further motion compensation is needed, and the efficiency is reduced.
  • patent 201310460878.9 proposes an S-shaped motion curve planning method to reduce residual vibration through flexible multi-body dynamics simulation optimization, and converts the S-curve parameters from geometric design to dynamic design, which improves the adaptability.
  • Patent 201310460878.9 proposes a S-shaped motion curve planning method for high-speed mechanism to reduce residual vibration.
  • the method mainly considers the influence of mechanism flexible vibration attenuation on positioning time, and increases the decay time based on the traditional S-type motion planning method.
  • the S-curve planning model considering the influence of the residual vibration of the high-speed mechanism with the shortest positioning time is established, which can better ensure the motion stability of the high-speed mechanism and reduce the positioning time of the high-speed mechanism.
  • a high-precision censored dynamic substructure method is used to create a flexible multi-body dynamics model of the actuator, and the flexible multi-body dynamics model remains unchanged in the subsequent motion parameter adjustment optimization process.
  • the invention proposes an asymmetric variable acceleration planning method based on nonlinear finite element dynamic response simulation, which solves the problem of motion planning of a high speed and high acceleration mechanism with large nonlinear deformation and precision positioning requirements, and can achieve high acceleration. Precision positioning under conditions and smooth switching of bits/forces.
  • the method proposed by the present invention is also applicable to the above-mentioned actuator motion planning problem using the conventional solution.
  • An asymmetric variable acceleration planning method based on nonlinear finite element dynamic response simulation includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the geometric model of the mechanism, establish a finite element model of the assembly containing kinematic degrees of freedom, and create a nonlinear finite element analysis solution;
  • Step 2 setting the motion parameters to obtain a parameterized asymmetric motion function and applying it as a boundary condition Into the nonlinear finite element model;
  • Step 3 Perform a positioning history simulation on the parameterized asymmetric motion function, that is, obtain a real-time dynamic history response curve by nonlinear finite element solution;
  • Step 4 Determine whether the amplitude of the real-time vibration response curve satisfies the positioning accuracy after the end of the driving. If not, calculate the gradient and the step size, and modify the motion function parameters, and continue to step 3; if satisfied, terminate the nonlinear finite element of step 3. Solving the process, obtaining the time T up to the end time, and proceeding to step 5;
  • Step 5 Determine whether the target response time T is the minimum value by the measurement of the driving time and the inertia energy decay time, and determine the set motion parameter as the optimal parameter if it is the minimum value; calculate the gradient of the motion parameter if it is not the minimum value Step size, and reset the motion parameters, go to step three to solve.
  • step one The specific method of step one is as follows:
  • the motion is divided into: an additional motion speed segment (T 1 ) with jerk G 1 ; a reduced motion velocity segment (T 2 ) with jerk G 2 ; addition and subtraction motion speed range of G 3 for the (T 3); to jerk G 4 motion Save deceleration period (T 4) for; to consider the impact of inertial energy, increasing considering inertial energy decay time T 5.
  • T 1 G 1 (T 1 +T 2 ) T 3 G 3 (T 3 +T 4 )
  • T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 can all be represented by T 1 .
  • the decay time T 5 is judged by:
  • the velocity v is larger than the displacement number s.
  • the velocity v is almost zero, that is, when the mechanism position s falls within the positioning accuracy ⁇ , the above formula is established.
  • the optimization model described in step 5 is:
  • T T 1 +T 2 +T 3 +T 4 +T 5
  • T 1 G 1 (T 1 +T 2 ) T 3 G 3 (T 3 +T 4 )
  • the invention aims to meet the shortest positioning time under the positioning accuracy by the above method, and proposes an asymmetric variable acceleration planning method with optimal inertia energy time distribution: including nonlinearity including kinematic freedom and parameterized motion function as boundary conditions.
  • the finite element model is located to solve the problem; determine whether the amplitude of the actuator after the stop is satisfied meets the positioning accuracy, if not, continue to solve, if it is satisfied, the vibration energy decay time; determine the target response time (the sum of the drive time and the vibration energy decay time) Whether it is the minimum value, if it is the minimum value, it is determined that the set motion parameter is the optimal parameter. If it is not the minimum value, the motion parameter gradient and the step size are calculated, and the motion parameter is reset to solve the problem.
  • a remarkable feature of the proposed method is that the nonlinear finite element solution module is used to analyze the inertial energy characteristics of the actuator's full time history, and the influence of wide frequency vibration during high-speed start-stop process is fully considered.
  • the above features ensure the applicability of the proposed method in the field of motion planning optimization of a nonlinear high speed and high acceleration mechanism.
  • the method proposed by the present invention is also applicable to the field of motion planning optimization of a conventional actuator.
  • the method proposed by the invention can also avoid the resonance component generated by the motion of the mechanism, and is more advantageous for improving the precision positioning and the smooth switching of the bit/force under high speed conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the flow of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an asymmetrical motion curve of an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of displacement curves of different speed planning schemes according to an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the inertia energy attenuation curve of the different speed planning schemes of FIG. 3 .
  • An asymmetric variable acceleration planning method based on nonlinear finite element dynamic response simulation includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the geometric model of the mechanism, establish a finite element model of the assembly containing kinematic degrees of freedom, and create a nonlinear finite element analysis solution;
  • Step 2 setting a motion parameter to obtain a parameterized asymmetric motion function, and applying it as a boundary condition to the nonlinear finite element model;
  • Step 3 Perform a positioning history simulation on the parameterized asymmetric motion function, that is, obtain a real-time dynamic history response curve by nonlinear finite element solution;
  • Step 4 Determine whether the amplitude of the real-time vibration response curve satisfies the positioning accuracy after the end of the driving. If not, calculate the gradient and the step size, and modify the motion function parameters, and continue to step 3; if satisfied, terminate the nonlinear finite element of step 3. Solving the process, obtaining the time T up to the end time, and proceeding to step 5;
  • Step 5 Determine whether the target response time T is the minimum value by the measurement of the driving time and the inertia energy decay time, and determine the set motion parameter as the optimal parameter if it is the minimum value; calculate the gradient of the motion parameter if it is not the minimum value Step size, and reset the motion parameters, go to step three to solve.
  • step one The specific method of step one is as follows:
  • the motion is divided into: an additional motion speed segment (T 1 ) with jerk G 1 ; a reduced motion velocity segment (T 2 ) with jerk G 2 ; addition and subtraction motion speed range of G 3 for the (T 3); to jerk G 4 motion Save deceleration period (T 4) for; to consider the impact of inertial energy, increasing considering inertial energy decay time T 5.
  • T 1 G 1 (T 1 +T 2 ) T 3 G 3 (T 3 +T 4 )
  • T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 can all be represented by T 1 .
  • the decay time T 5 is judged by:
  • the velocity v is larger than the displacement number s.
  • the velocity v is almost zero, that is, when the mechanism position s falls within the positioning accuracy ⁇ , the above formula is established.
  • the optimization model described in step 5 is:
  • T T 1 +T 2 +T 3 +T 4 +T 5
  • T 1 G 1 (T 1 +T 2 ) T 3 G 3 (T 3 +T 4 )
  • the high-speed solid crystal machine pendulum welding head mechanism needs to move from the high-speed movement to the solid crystal position, and the positioning accuracy requirement of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m is required, and the positioning time is required to be the shortest.
  • the shortest positioning time is 23.33ms (the driving time is 17.90ms, the maximum residual amplitude is 2.14 ⁇ m, and the inertial energy decay time is 5.43ms).
  • the positioning time is 16.36ms (the driving time is 12.90ms, and the maximum residual amplitude is 1.03 ⁇ m,
  • the inertia energy decay time is 3.46ms), which is 30% shorter than the original (the inertia energy decay time is reduced by 36%).
  • the driving time is 12.90ms
  • the calculated symmetrical S-shaped motion curve parameter is jerk 2.67E+09(°/s 3 ), and the maximum residual vibration is obtained with the same positioning accuracy.
  • the amplitude is 4.65 ⁇ m and the inertia energy decay time is 9.04 ms.
  • the inertial energy decay time of the asymmetric S-type variable acceleration motion planning is reduced by 62%, and the total positioning time is reduced by 25%.
  • the main frequency is distributed forward in the process of asymmetric variable acceleration curve, which provides more decay time for the generated vibration, which makes the inertial energy distribution more reasonable. It effectively improves the dynamic performance of the mechanism under high-speed and high-acceleration motion, and significantly improves the execution efficiency of actuators with precise requirements such as microelectronic packaging equipment.
  • the invention aims at satisfying the shortest positioning time under the positioning accuracy by the above method, and proposes an asymmetric variable acceleration planning method with optimal inertia energy time distribution: nonlinear finite element dynamic response with kinematic freedom degree for high speed and high acceleration mechanism
  • the equation is discretized in the time history, and the kinematics degree of freedom equation is reduced to the elastic degree of freedom by generalized inverse, and then the direct response method is used to obtain the impact response during the high acceleration start and stop process.
  • a remarkable feature of the proposed method is that the nonlinear finite element solution module is used to analyze the inertial energy characteristics of the actuator in the full time history, and the broadband vibration effect brought by the high speed start and stop is fully considered.
  • the above features ensure the applicability of the proposed method in the field of motion planning optimization of a nonlinear high speed and high acceleration mechanism.
  • the method proposed by the present invention is also applicable to the field of motion planning optimization of a conventional actuator.
  • the method proposed by the invention can also avoid the resonance component generated by the motion of the mechanism, and is more advantageous for improving the precision positioning and the smooth switching of the bit/force under high speed conditions.

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Abstract

一种基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,包括对含有运动学自由和参数化运动函数作为边界条件的非线性有限元模型定位历程进行求解;判断驱动停止后的执行端的振幅是否满足定位精度,若不满足则继续求解,若满足则振动能量衰减时间;判断目标响应时间,是否为最小值,若是最小值则确定设定的运动参数为最优参数,若不是最小值则计算运动参数梯度和步长,并重新设定运动参数进行求解,通过以上方法,解决存在大柔性变形等非线性影响和精密定位要求的高速高加速机构的运动规划问题,可以实现在高加速条件下的精密定位以及位/力平滑切换,也适用于传统解决方法的执行机构运动规划问题。

Description

基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法
本专利申请要求于2014年06月10日提交的,申请号为201410255068.4,申请人为广东工业大学,发明名称为“基于主频能量时域最优分布的非对称变加速度规划方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,该申请的全文以引用的方式并入本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及机械工程与数学研究技术领域,具体涉及基于主频能量时域分布最优的非对称变加速度运动规划方法。
背景技术
运动加速度达到10g以上的机构装置被视为“柔体”,其动力学特性与一般的刚体机构差异较大。上述高加速的执行机构存在很大的惯性能量影响,在高速启停等高加速度情况下的残余振动很大,造成机构弹性振动能量需要较长的衰减时间才能满足高精密定位的需求。为保证高速高加速执行机构的精密定位要求,常见的解决方案主要为:设计平滑的加速度运动规划曲线来减少高速运动中因加速度变化带来的振动冲击。例如,制造业常见的S型曲线规划。
传统解决方案主要是从保证运动加速度曲线几何光顺进行运动规划设计。由于其并非从机构刚度、惯性、固有频率等内在本质物理原因角度来对执行机构的运动规划进行优化,得到的运动曲线在驱动过程中可能会产生谐波,因此又有学者提出了采用滤波来消除谐振分量。但该方法仍然存在两个问题:1)机构的固有频率随运动位形变化,需要设计变带阻的滤波器;2)滤波后导致运动不到位,需要进一步运动补偿,降低了效率。
为解决上述问题,专利201310460878.9提出了通过柔性多体动力学仿真优化,获得减小残余振动的S型运动曲线规划方法,将S型曲线参数由几何设计转为动力学设计,提高了适应性。
然而,微电子封装等高速设备需要实现极限速度,整个运动过程是加速或减速过程,没有匀速段。极速启停引起机构的宽频振动,使得基于小变形假设的柔性多体动力学应用受到制约,因此有必要引入新的方法来对高速机构动力学响应进行求解。
专利201310460878.9中提出一种高速机构减小残余振动的S型运动曲线规划方法,该方法主要是考虑机构柔性振动衰减对定位时间的影响,在传统的S型运动规划方法的基础上增加了衰减时间段,建立以定位时间最短为目标的考虑高速机构残余振动影响的S型曲线规划模型,可以较好地保证高速机构的运动平稳性,减少高速机构的定位时间。专利201310460878.9提出的方法中利用高精度截尾动态子结构方法来创建执行机构的柔性多体动力学模型,在后续的运动参数调整优化过程中上述柔性多体动力学模型保持不变。当执行机构的运动加速度进一步提升时,执行机构的响应将表现出很强的非线性,运动参数的修改将会对执行机构的柔性振动响应特性产生较大影响,即柔性多体动力学模型将发生较大变化,从而导致专利201310460878.9提出方法的适用范围将主要限制在高速执行机构运动过程中非线性影响较小的场合。
发明内容
本发明提出一种基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,解决存在大柔性变形等非线性影响和精密定位要求的高速高加速机构的运动规划问题,可以实现在高加速条件下的精密定位以及位/力平滑切换。同时,本发明提出的方法也适用于上述采用传统解决方法的执行机构运动规划问题。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,该基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、根据机构几何模型,建立包含运动学自由度的装配体有限元模型,并创建非线性有限元分析解算方案;
步骤二、设定运动参数,得到参数化非对称运动函数,并作为边界条件施加 到非线性有限元模型中;
步骤三、对参数化非对称运动函数进行定位历程仿真,即通过非线性有限元求解得到实时动态历程响应曲线;
步骤四、判断驱动结束后实时振动响应曲线的振幅是否满足定位精度,若不满足,则计算梯度和步长,并修改运动函数参数,继续步骤三;若满足则终止步骤三的非线性有限元求解历程,获取直至终止时刻的时间T,进入步骤五;
步骤五、通过驱动时间和惯性能量衰减时间的测定,判断目标响应时间T是否为最小值,若是最小值则确定设定的运动参数为最优参数;若不是最小值则计算运动参数的梯度和步长,并重新设定运动参数,进入步骤三进行求解。
步骤一的具体方法如下:
a、建立机构的三维几何模型;
b、利用有限元软件对三维模型定义材料属性并进行网络划分,转换为有限元模型;
c、在机构部件的运动关节处创建运动约束,从而在有限元分析环境中建立机构的包含运动学自由度的装配体有限元模型;
d、在驱动关节,施加参数化非对称运动函数边界条件;
e、创建非线性有限元分析解算方案。
根据非对称运动的定义,运动分为:以急动度G1进行的加加运动速段(T1);以急动度G2进行的减加运动速段(T2);以急动度G3进行的减加运动速段(T3);以急动度G4进行的减减运动速段(T4);为了考虑惯性能量的影响,增加考虑惯性能量的衰减时间T5
在S型非对称运动中,各加速过程中急动度为常数,运动结束时速度和加速度均为零;因此,有下列等式约束:
T1G1=T2G2
T3G3=T4G4
T1G1(T1+T2)=T3G3(T3+T4)
因此,T2、T3、T4均可以用T1来表示。
衰减时间T5由下式判断:
abs(s-s*)+abs(v)<ε
在残余振动时,速度v要比位移数s值大,当速度v为几乎0,即当机构位置s落在定位精度ε范围内,上式才成立。
步骤五所述的优化模型为:
T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5
Find(G1,G2,G3,G4)
Objective:Min(T)
Subject to:abs(s-s*)+abs(v)<ε
T1G1=T2G2
T3G3=T4G4
T1G1(T1+T2)=T3G3(T3+T4)
本发明通过以上方法,以满足定位精度下定位时间最短为目标,提出了惯性能量时间分布最优的非对称变加速规划方法:包括对含有运动学自由和参数化运动函数作为边界条件的非线性有限元模型定位历程进行求解;判断驱动停止后的执行端的振幅是否满足定位精度,若不满足则继续求解,若满足则振动能量衰减时间;判断目标响应时间(驱动时间与振动能量衰减时间之和)是否为最小值,若是最小值则确定设定的运动参数为最优参数,若不是最小值则计算运动参数梯度和步长,并重新设定运动参数进行求解。本发明提出方法的一个显著特点是:采用非线性有限元求解模块来对执行机构的全时间历程的惯性能量特性进行分析,充分考虑了高速启停过程中产生宽频振动的影响。上述特点确保本发明提出方法在非线性高速高加速机构的运动规划优化领域的适用性。本发明所提出的方法也同样适用于传统执行机构的运动规划优化领域。此外,本发明提出的方法还能够避免机构运动产生谐振分量,更有利于提升高速度条件下精密定位及位/力平滑切换能力。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实例的实施流程示意图。
图2是本发明的一个实例的非对称运动曲线示意图。
图3是本发明的一个实例的不同速度规划方案位移曲线示意图。
图4是本图3的不同速度规划方案惯性能量衰减曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,该基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、根据机构几何模型,建立包含运动学自由度的装配体有限元模型,并创建非线性有限元分析解算方案;
步骤二、设定运动参数,得到参数化非对称运动函数,并作为边界条件施加到非线性有限元模型中;
步骤三、对参数化非对称运动函数进行定位历程仿真,即通过非线性有限元求解得到实时动态历程响应曲线;
步骤四、判断驱动结束后实时振动响应曲线的振幅是否满足定位精度,若不满足,则计算梯度和步长,并修改运动函数参数,继续步骤三;若满足则终止步骤三的非线性有限元求解历程,获取直至终止时刻的时间T,进入步骤五;
步骤五、通过驱动时间和惯性能量衰减时间的测定,判断目标响应时间T是否为最小值,若是最小值则确定设定的运动参数为最优参数;若不是最小值则计算运动参数的梯度和步长,并重新设定运动参数,进入步骤三进行求解。
步骤一的具体方法如下:
a、利用CAD软件建立机构的三维几何模型;
b、利用有限元软件对三维模型定义材料属性并进行网络划分,转换为有限元模型;
c、在机构部件的运动关节处创建运动约束,从而在有限元分析环境中建立机构的包含运动学自由度的装配体有限元模型;
d、在驱动关节,施加参数化非对称运动函数边界条件;
e、创建非线性有限元分析解算方案。
根据非对称运动的定义,运动分为:以急动度G1进行的加加运动速段(T1); 以急动度G2进行的减加运动速段(T2);以急动度G3进行的减加运动速段(T3);以急动度G4进行的减减运动速段(T4);为了考虑惯性能量的影响,增加考虑惯性能量的衰减时间T5
在S型非对称运动中,各加速过程中急动度为常数,运动结束时速度和加速度均为零;因此,有下列等式约束:
T1G1=T2G2
T3G3=T4G4
T1G1(T1+T2)=T3G3(T3+T4)
因此,T2、T3、T4均可以用T1来表示。
衰减时间T5由下式判断:
abs(s-s*)+abs(v)<ε
在残余振动时,速度v要比位移数s值大,当速度v为几乎0,即当机构位置s落在定位精度ε范围内,上式才成立。
步骤五所述的优化模型为:
T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5
Find(G1,G2,G3,G4)
Objective:Min(T)
Subject to:abs(s-s*)+abs(v)<ε
T1G1=T2G2
T3G3=T4G4
T1G1(T1+T2)=T3G3(T3+T4)
设Q=s*为目标位移,等式约束求解后,得到运动曲线各段时间:
记:
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000010
各段运动时间如下:
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000014
T4=(T3*G3/G4)
实施案例:
高速固晶机摆杆式焊头机构,需要从取晶位高速运动到固晶位,并要保证±1μm的定位精度要求,要求定位时间最短。按对称S型加速曲线优化,得到的最短定位时间为23.33ms(其中驱动时间为17.90ms,最大残余振幅2.14μm,惯性能量衰减时间为5.43ms)。通过本项目提出的非对称变加速度规划,进一步进行优化,优化过程如表1所示,在同样满足±1μm定位精度下,定位时间16.36ms(驱动时间为12.90ms,最大残余振幅为1.03μm,惯性能量衰减时间为3.46ms),比原来缩短30%(惯性能衰减时间降低36%)。
Figure PCTCN2014087283-appb-000015
表1优化历程
为了与对称加速度有更好的比较,按驱动时间为12.90ms,计算的对称S型运动曲线参数为急动度2.67E+09(°/s3),以同样的定位精度,获得最大残余振动振幅为4.65μm,惯性能衰减时间为9.04ms。与对称S变加速规划相比,非对称S型变加速运动规划的惯性能衰减时间降低62%,总定位时间降低25%。
如图3至图4所示,非对称变加速曲线运动过程中主频靠前分布,为产生的振动提供更多的衰减时间,使得惯性能量分配更合理。有效地提高了高速高加速运动下机构的动态性能,显著提高微电子封装设备等有精度要求的执行机构的执行效率。
本发明通过以上方法,以满足定位精度下定位时间最短为目标,提出了惯性能量时间分布最优的非对称变加速规划方法:对高速高加速机构含有运动学自由度的非线性有限元动态响应方程在时间历程上进行离散,并将运动学自由度方程通过广义逆缩减到弹性自由度上,然后通过直接积分法获得高加速启停过程中冲击响应。本发明提出方法的一个显著特点是:采用非线性有限元求解模块来对执行机构的全时间历程的惯性能量特性进行分析,充分考虑了高速启停带来的宽频振动影响。上述特点确保本发明提出方法在非线性高速高加速机构的运动规划优化领域的适用性。本发明所提出的方法也同样适用于传统执行机构的运动规划优化领域。此外,本发明提出的方法还能够避免机构运动产生谐振分量,更有利于提升高速度条件下精密定位及位/力平滑切换能力。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理,而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释,本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式,这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,其特征在于:该基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法包括以下步骤:
    步骤一、根据机构几何模型,建立包含运动学自由度的装配体有限元模型,并创建非线性有限元分析解算方案;
    步骤二、设定运动参数,得到参数化非对称运动函数,并作为边界条件施加到非线性有限元模型中;
    步骤三、对参数化非对称运动函数进行定位历程仿真,即通过非线性有限元求解得到实时动态历程响应曲线;
    步骤四、判断驱动结束后实时振动响应曲线的振幅是否满足定位精度,若不满足,则计算梯度和步长,并修改运动函数参数,继续步骤三;若满足则终止步骤三的非线性有限元求解历程,获取直至终止时刻的时间T,进入步骤五;
    步骤五、通过驱动时间和惯性能量衰减时间的测定,判断目标响应时间T是否为最小值,若是最小值则确定设定的运动参数为最优参数;若不是最小值则计算运动参数的梯度和步长,并重新设定运动参数,进入步骤三进行求解。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,其特征在于:步骤一的具体方法如下:
    a、建立机构的三维几何模型;
    b、利用有限元软件对三维模型定义材料属性并进行网络划分,转换为有限元模型;
    c、在机构部件的运动关节处创建运动约束,从而在有限元分析环境中建立机构的包含运动学自由度的装配体有限元模型;
    d、在驱动关节,施加参数化非对称运动函数边界条件;
    e、创建非线性有限元分析解算方案。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,其特征在于:根据非对称运动的定义,运动分为:以急动度G1进行的加加运动速段(T1);以急动度G2进行的减加运动速段(T2);以急动度G3进行的减加运动速段(T3);以急动度G4进行的减减运动速段(T4);为了考虑惯性 能量的影响,增加考虑惯性能量的衰减时间T5
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,其特征在于:在S型非对称运动中,各加速过程中急动度为常数,运动结束时速度和加速度均为零;因此,有下列等式约束:
    T1G1=T2G2
    T3G3=T4G4
    T1G1(T1+T2)=T3G3(T3+T4)
    因此,T2、T3、T4均可以用T1来表示。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,其特征在于:衰减时间T5由下式判断:
    abs(s-s*)+abs(v)<ε
    在残余振动时,速度v要比位移数s值大,当速度v为几乎0,即当机构位置s落在定位精度ε范围内,上式才成立。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于非线性有限元动力学响应仿真的非对称变加速度规划方法,其特征在于:步骤五所述的优化模型为:
    T=T1+T2+T3+T4+T5
    Find(G1,G2,G3,G4)
    Objective:Min(T)
    Subject to:abs(s-s*)+abs(v)<ε
    T1G1=T2G2
    T3G3=T4G4
    T1G1(T1+T2)=T3G3(T3+T4)
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CN110532732B (zh) * 2019-09-17 2023-03-24 东北大学 一种叶片-机匣碰摩关系的确定方法
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CN113110568B (zh) * 2021-03-13 2022-09-20 浙江御穹电子科技有限公司 一种无人机运动轨迹规划方法
CN113238491A (zh) * 2021-04-12 2021-08-10 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司 执行机构的仿真测试方法、装置、智能臂架及工程车辆
CN114378849A (zh) * 2022-03-23 2022-04-22 河北工业大学 一种履带消防机器人云台稳定的控制方法
CN114378849B (zh) * 2022-03-23 2022-06-03 河北工业大学 一种履带消防机器人云台稳定的控制方法
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