WO2015172605A1 - 一种利于电弧快速移动和拉长的断路器 - Google Patents

一种利于电弧快速移动和拉长的断路器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015172605A1
WO2015172605A1 PCT/CN2015/074657 CN2015074657W WO2015172605A1 WO 2015172605 A1 WO2015172605 A1 WO 2015172605A1 CN 2015074657 W CN2015074657 W CN 2015074657W WO 2015172605 A1 WO2015172605 A1 WO 2015172605A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arc
contact
arcing
electrical contact
extinguishing chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/074657
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
南寅
Original Assignee
北京人民电器厂有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京人民电器厂有限公司 filed Critical 北京人民电器厂有限公司
Priority to JP2016565474A priority Critical patent/JP6496326B2/ja
Priority to US15/311,112 priority patent/US10026578B2/en
Priority to BR112016026315-4A priority patent/BR112016026315B1/pt
Publication of WO2015172605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015172605A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
    • H01H33/765—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor the gas-evolving material being incorporated in the contact material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H01H9/362—Mounting of plates in arc chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of low-voltage electrical appliances, and in particular to a circuit breaker which facilitates rapid movement and elongation of an arc.
  • circuit breakers can limit the development of an industry.
  • system voltage may be as high as 800V, in the plateau. Plateau derating should also be considered when using it.
  • multi-breakpoint series technology was used to meet the high voltage requirements of photovoltaic systems, but the problems of large volume, high power consumption, and difficulty in construction and installation have not been solved.
  • Multi-breakpoint Circuit Breaker with the application number of 201110005730.7 and the “Multi-breakpoint Plastic Case Circuit Breaker” with application number 201020586389.X proposed the pre-wired technology to solve the construction and installation problems, it did not Fundamentally solve the problem of large size and high power consumption. If you want to replace the multi-breakpoint series circuit breaker with a two-pole circuit breaker to meet the arc-extinguishing problem, the basic principle of DC arc-extinguishing is to lengthen the arc and cool the arc.
  • Cipheral Patent Application Publication No. CN 101546681 B discloses a circuit breaker capable of protecting a moving contact and facilitating an arc entering an arc extinguishing chamber.
  • the main technical measure is that a piece of the tail of the movable contact is disposed at the upper end of the arc extinguishing chamber.
  • One side of the contact tail is shorted.
  • the setting of the arc-starting plate enables the arc generated when the movable contact is opened in a short-circuit condition to easily jump from the moving contact to the arc-leading plate and enter the arc extinguishing chamber, so that the burning loss of the moving contact is also reduced.
  • the arc easily enters the arc extinguishing chamber.
  • the arc can be easily jumped from the moving contact to the arc striking plate, and the resistance of the arc striking plate is smaller than the resistance of the moving contact and the arc striking plate in parallel, so that it is easier to jump.
  • one end of the arc-striking plate is It is electrically connected to the tail portion of the moving contact tail, and the other end is disposed above the arc extinguishing chamber.
  • it must also have an insulating cover for insulating the arcing plate, so that the structure itself is not too complicated.
  • the assembly of the circuit breaker is complicated.
  • the invention is advantageous for the arc driven contact to jump to the arcing plate and enter the arc extinguishing chamber, the arcing effect is small, so that the arc is The effect of extinguishing and increasing the operating voltage of the circuit breaker is clearly not obvious.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker capable of avoiding the problems of large volume and high power consumption due to the use of multiple breakpoints in series, and at the same time facilitating arc movement and elongation.
  • the utility model adopts a dynamic and static contact with an arc striking structure, and cooperates with an arc extinguishing chamber having an arc striking grating and a gas generating arc shield to increase the moving speed and the elongated length of the arc after the moving contact is opened, so as to meet the high of the photovoltaic system. Voltage requirements.
  • the utility model relates to a circuit breaker which facilitates rapid movement and elongation of an arc, comprising a base, a static contact, an arc extinguishing chamber, a moving contact and an operating mechanism, wherein the arc extinguishing chamber is located on the left side of the movable contact, and the operating mechanism controls the static and dynamic touch Separation of heads;
  • the static contact 1 includes a conductive substrate 11 , an arc-extinguishing portion 12 and an electrical contact 13 .
  • the conductive substrate 11 is composed of a wiring portion plane 111 , a bend 114 , a plane 113 , and a connecting surface 112 .
  • the arc-extinguishing portion 12 is formed.
  • the electrical contact 13 is fixed on the connecting surface 112, the connecting surface 112 is at an acute angle with respect to the base plane 4 and is located in the first quadrant;
  • the movable contact 3 includes a conductive rod 31 and an electrical contact 32.
  • the conductive rod 31 has a protruding portion 314 which is soldered on the end surface 313 of the protruding portion 314 in the direction of the static contact electrical contact 13. Electrical contact 32;
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 2 is a grid arc extinguishing chamber, and includes a pair of arc dividing walls 21, an arcing grid and a pair of arc shields 23, wherein the arcing grid includes a bottom arcing grid 24 and a top lead An arc grid 22; the bottom arcing grid 24 is positioned lower than the static contact electrical contact 13 The position of the top arcing grating 22 is higher than the maximum position of the movable contact electrical contact 32 when the movable contact 3 is opened, and the arc dividing wall 21 is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the arc extinguishing chamber 2; The cover (23) is disposed on the left and right sides of the movable contact (3).
  • the movable contacts 3 are respectively disposed on both sides of the movable contact 3 in parallel with the movable contacts.
  • the arc shield 23 is made of a gas generating material, and the arc shield 23 is provided with a toothed protrusion 232 interposed between the grids of the arc extinguishing chamber 2, and the arc shield 23 is
  • the arc dividing walls 21 are integrally connected by riveting or the like.
  • the distance between the arc shield 23 and the side surface 317 of the movable contact is 0.1-3 mm.
  • the angle a between the contact surface 14 of the fixed contact electrical contact 13 and the movable contact electrical contact 32 and the base plane 4 of the base is in the range of 20° to 35°.
  • the arcing portion 12 of the static contact 1 is disposed adjacent to the electrical contact 13 of the static contact 1, and the arcing portion 12 is further located than the electrical contact 13 in the vertical direction of the base plane 4. a lower side; the arc-extinguishing portion 12 and the bottom arc-extinguished grid 24 of the arc-extinguishing chamber 2 are at a distance of 0.1-3 mm; the arc-extinguishing portion 12 is fixed to the conductive substrate 11 by welding, riveting or screwing or The conductive substrate 11 is formed by molding.
  • the upper left point 311 is correspondingly disposed with the top arcing grating 22, and the relative distance b between the upper left point 311 and the top arcing grating 22 is 0.1-3 mm in the opening position; the distance b is smaller than the moving contact electric
  • the distance 32 of the contact 32 from its corresponding arc chute is c.
  • the contact surface of the movable contact electrical contact 32 and the fixed contact electrical contact 13 protrudes from the lower plane of the movable contact base rod portion by a distance of 4-20 mm.
  • the left side of the arcing portion 12 is disposed corresponding to the bottom arcing grid 24 of the arc extinguishing chamber 2 and the relative distance d is 0.1-3 mm.
  • the conductive substrate (11) is composed of a wiring portion plane (111), a bend (114), a connecting surface (113) and a connecting surface (112), and the arc guiding portion (9) and the electrical contact (8) are fixed.
  • the connecting surface (112) extends downward from the connecting surface (113) at an angle of 28° with respect to the wiring plane (111)
  • the present invention has the advantage that the circuit breaker can quickly move the arc generated on the dynamic contact electrical contact to the upper left point of the convex portion of the movable contact than the prior art circuit breaker.
  • 311 and the lower end of the static contact arcing portion 12 as shown in FIG. 9, the length of the arc 6 generated at the electrical contact of the moving and closing contact is approximately equal to the contact opening distance 35, and is moved to the movable contact conductive rod
  • the length of the arc 5 at the lower left point 311 of the boss and the lower end of the static contact arcing portion 12 is 56, that is, the arc when the circuit breaker is opened is significantly elongated by 60%.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure and the same technical level as the existing products, and can be conveniently applied to the current circuit breaker for photovoltaic system to reduce the number of circuit breaker breakpoints, reduce the size of the circuit breaker, reduce power consumption, and make the two-pole circuit breaker used in the photovoltaic system. It is possible.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of the shaft of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a closed state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the opening state of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a moving contact shaft according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the movable contact shaft of the movable contact according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the stationary contact shaft of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of a stationary contact conductive substrate shaft according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the shaft before and after the arc is stretched according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the shaft of the arc shield according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the shaft of the static contact according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a structural view showing the state of opening and closing in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plastic case circuit breaker usually at least one fixed contact portion and at least one movable contact portion for each pole are provided, and when the circuit breaker is closed/opened, the contact portions can be connected/disconnected to each other while An arc extinguishing device and a set of control mechanism are also disposed in the contact area, the arc extinguishing device is configured to extinguish an arc generated when the movable portion is connected/disconnected; and the control mechanism is configured to control the movement of the movable contact portion and drive The movable contact portion and the fixed contact portion are connected and disconnected.
  • the invention relates to a fixed contact portion, a movable contact portion and an arc extinguishing device in the circuit breaker, comprising:
  • a static contact is mounted on the base, and the static contact is provided with an electrical contact, and a plane of the fixed contact on which the electrical contact is fixed is at an acute angle to a bottom plane of the circuit breaker base And in the first quadrant, the static contact is further provided with an arc guiding portion, the arc guiding portion abuts against the electrical contact and is disposed on the conductive substrate, and the arc guiding portion extends to the The arcing chamber at the bottom of the arc extinguishing chamber is at a distance of 0.5-3 mm from the grid;
  • a movable contact comprising: a conductive substrate and an electrical contact soldered thereon, the conductive substrate being provided with a protrusion, the electrical contact being soldered to an end surface of the protrusion, the movable contact Separating from the static contact by the mechanism control for turning on or off the circuit;
  • An arc extinguishing chamber is disposed on each of the top and bottom of the arc extinguishing chamber, and the arc extinguishing chamber further includes a pair of arc shields disposed symmetrically on the side of the arc extinguishing chamber, wherein the arc shield is disposed on the arc chute a toothed protrusion, the protrusion is inserted between the arc extinguishing grids, and the arc shield is fixedly connected to the arc extinguishing chamber, and the distance between the arc shield and the side of the movable contact is 0.1 -3mm.
  • the circuit breaker according to the present invention comprises a static contact 1, an arc extinguishing chamber 2, and a moving contact 3.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 2 is disposed on the left side of the moving contact 3
  • the bottom arcing grating 24 of the arc extinguishing chamber 2 is disposed lower than the static contact electrical contact 13
  • the top arcing grating 22 of the arc extinguishing chamber 2 is higher than
  • the movable contact 3 is opened, the movable contact electrical contact 32 is disposed at the maximum position, and the angle a between the contact surface of the fixed contact electrical contact 13 and the movable contact electrical contact 32 and the base plane 4 of the base is acute and located.
  • the contact surface 33 of the movable contact electrical contact 32 and the fixed contact electrical contact 13 protrudes from the lower surface 316 of the movable contact conductive rod by more than 4 mm and less than 20 mm.
  • the static contact 1 is mainly composed of a static contact conductive base 11 , an arcing portion 12 , and a static contact electrical contact 13 .
  • the angle a between the contact surface of the fixed contact electrical contact 13 and the movable contact electrical contact 32 of FIG. 4 with respect to the base plane 4 of the base is 28°.
  • R. Michal et al. studied the transfer of arc roots.
  • the cathode and anode arc roots of the electrode have different transfer modes.
  • the anode arc root has the ability to jump through the barrier, so the anode arc root can encounter steps or gaps.
  • the hopping or leaping, and the movement of the cathode arc root is continuous, it can only move continuously along the surface of the barrier.
  • the arc-extinguishing portion 12 extends to the lower side of the arc-extinguishing grid 24 at the bottom of the arc-extinguishing chamber 2 near the end of the static contact conductive base portion 111, and the distance from the arc-guiding grid 24 is 2 mm, thus
  • the arc generated on the static contact electrical contact 13 can be quickly moved to the arcing portion 12 under the attraction of the arc extinguishing chamber 2.
  • the arc guiding portion 12 can also be fixed by other means.
  • the static contact conductive substrate such as welding, screw connection, of course, the arc-extinguishing portion 12 can also be directly formed by the static contact conductive substrate.
  • a protruding portion 314 is disposed at the front end welding moving contact electrical contact 32 of the movable contact conductive rod 31, and the upper left point 311 and the lower left point 312 of the protruding portion are smoothly transitioned.
  • the electrical contact 32 is soldered to the protruding portion 313 of the conductive rod 31, and the arcing grating 22 and the upper left point 311 of the protruding portion are correspondingly set at a maximum position when the moving contact is open, as shown in the figure.
  • the distance b from the upper left point 311 of the protruding portion of the contact conductive rod 31 from the top arcing grid 22 of the arc extinguishing chamber 2 is 1.5 mm, which is smaller than the moving contact electrical contact.
  • the distance c from the corresponding arc-extinguishing grid 32 is obtained according to a plurality of tests.
  • the arc generated on the movable contact electrical contact 32 when the movable contact is opened will not be
  • the movable contact electrical contact 32 directly discharges with the arc-extinguishing grid corresponding to the direction of the bottom plane 4 of the base, but the arc generated on the movable contact electrical contact 32 when the movable contact is opened is extinguished.
  • the attraction of the arc chamber 2 can be moved from the moving contact electrical contact 32 along the lower left point 312 of the projection to the upper left point 311 of the projection. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the protrusion 314 is disposed such that there is a certain gap between the movable contact conductive rod plane 316 and the static contact conductive base plane 113, and the gap can ensure movement.
  • the contacts and the static contacts are reliably contacted after closing and over-traveling.
  • the assembled connection of the tail of the movable contact 3 to the rotating shaft and the trip portion is identical to that of the prior art circuit breaker.
  • the arc shield 23 symmetrically disposed on the side of the arc extinguishing chamber is a pair of mirror images, and the main body portion thereof is a flat plate, and a toothed convex portion 232 is formed on a side of the arc extinguishing grid. Inserted between the gaps of the arc-extinguishing grid, the height of the tooth-shaped projections 232 is such that the arc-shielding cover 23 and the arc-striping wall 21 can be reliably adhered, and the tooth-shaped projections 232 will be arc-extinguished Separated to prevent the arc chute from being broken down near the operating mechanism side under high voltage conditions to affect the length of the arc.
  • the arc shield 23 is provided with a convex semi-cylindrical cylinder 231 for fixing the arc shield 23 to the arc-proof wall 21, and the semi-cylindrical cylinder 231 is riveted by heat riveting and the arc shield 23 is provided. It is fixed on the arc-proof wall 21, and the arc-shielding cover is made of a material with good gas-producing properties such as PA6, POM, etc., and the arc-shielding cover releases inertness under the high temperature of the arc generated after the movable contact 3 is opened. a gas that assists in blowing an electric arc to the arc extinguishing chamber 2 to elongate the arc, and is considered when the breaking capacity is high.
  • a flame retardant is added to the material to increase its resistance to arc ablation.
  • the arc shields 23 symmetrically disposed on the side of the arc extinguishing chamber are arranged in parallel on the inner side of the arc extinguishing chamber 2 and have a distance of 1.5 mm from the side surface 317 of the movable contact.
  • the arc generated on the electrical contact of the dynamic and static contact when the movable contact is opened can be quickly driven from the movable contact electrical contact under the attraction of the arc extinguishing chamber 2, as shown in FIG.
  • the opening distance is changed to the arcing opening distance, and the opening distance is increased by 60. %, while the arc moves quickly, it can effectively protect the electrical contacts and increase the number of electrical life.
  • the static contact can also adopt other manners.
  • the static contact electrical contact 13 and the arcing portion 12 are disposed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the wiring portion plane 111 of the static contact conductive substrate is parallel to the base bottom plane 4,
  • the contact surface of the static contact electrical contact 13 and the movable contact electrical contact is 28° with respect to the connection portion plane 111 of the stationary contact conductive substrate and extends from the lower portion 115 of the stationary contact conductive substrate to the movable contact.
  • the portion of the conductive substrate on which the electrical contacts are soldered and the arcing portion is fixed is formed by bending the side of the connecting surface 115 close to the conductive base portion toward the moving contact side.
  • the movable contacts are disposed on both sides of the movable contact.
  • the static contact 1 is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the movable contact 3 is provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment, except that two movable contacts 3 are provided on both sides of the movable contact 3.
  • the movable contacts 301 and 302 are connected in parallel to increase the rated current carrying capacity, and the moving contacts 301 and 302 are disposed on the outdoor side of the arc extinguishing.
  • the number of moving contacts 301 and 302 can be corresponding according to the rated working current of the circuit breaker.
  • the heads 301 and 302 may be symmetrically disposed on both sides of the movable contact 3, or may be asymmetrically disposed on both sides of the movable contact 3.
  • the movable contact 3 is combined with the movable contacts 301 and 302, which is beneficial for The arcing and breaking of the arc are completed at the moving contact 3, and the state of the opening and closing of the moving contact 3 is also shown.

Abstract

一种利于电弧快速移动和拉长的断路器，包括：静触头（1）、动触头（3）、灭弧室（2），静触头电触点（13）与动触头电触点（32）的接触面（14）与基座底平面（4）的夹角为锐角且位于第一象限，动触头包括导电杆（31）和电触点，导电杆有一凸出部（314），在凸出部的端面的位于朝向静触头电触点方向上焊接有电触点，灭弧室为栅片灭弧室，其底部和顶部各设置有一片引弧栅片（24、22），灭弧室底部引弧栅片低于静触头电触点设置，灭弧室顶部引弧栅片高于动触头打开时的动触头电触点最大位置设置，该断路器在动触头打开时利于产生于动静电触点处的电弧快速移动和拉长。该断路器可以在不改变目前断路器操作机构及壳体的情况下有效提高断路器的电弧移动速度和拉弧长度，用在光伏直流断路器中，可以提高断路器的工作电压和解决体积大、功耗高的问题。

Description

一种利于电弧快速移动和拉长的断路器 技术领域
本发明涉及低压电器技术领域，尤其是涉及一种利于电弧快速移动和拉长的断路器。
背景技术
断路器作为低压电器中的重要元件，其性能指标的高低可约束一个行业的发展，在新能源不断发展壮大的时代，尤其是光伏发电领域的迅猛发展，其系统电压可能高至800V，在高原上使用时还要考虑高原降容。以往采用多断点串联技术满足光伏系统的高电压需求，但体积大、功耗高、施工安装难度大等问题一直没有解决。尽管以往申请号为201110005730.7的“多断点断路器”、申请号为201020586389.X的“一种多断点塑料外壳式断路器”提出了预置接线技术使施工安装问题得以解决，但未从根本上解决体积大及功耗高的问题。若想用两极断路器代替多断点串联的断路器来满足光伏应用首先要克服的就是灭弧难题，而众所周知，直流灭弧的基本原理为拉长电弧和冷却电弧。
中国发明专利申请公开号CN 101546681 B公开了一种能够保护动触头和有利于电弧进入灭弧室的断路器，其主要技术措施为：在灭弧室上端设置了一片与动触头尾部脱扣器处有电连接的引弧板，由于所述引弧板要穿过断路器断开时产生电弧的区域，所以其还设置了一个绝缘罩来避免电弧与所述引弧板在靠近动触头尾部的一侧短路。此引弧板的设置能够使短路情况下动触头打开时产生的电弧容易从动触头上跳到所述引弧板上并进入灭弧室，这样使得动触头的烧损减轻也使电弧容易进入灭弧室。但本技术方案中要想让电弧能够很容易的从动触头跳到引弧板上，所述引弧板的电阻要比动触头和引弧板并联的电阻小才能更容易跳转，而这一点在理论上是不可能达到的；进一步，所述引弧板的一端要 和动触头尾部脱扣器部分有电连接，而另一端又要设置在灭弧室的上方，同时其还必须有为引弧板绝缘而设置的绝缘罩，所以不仅其本身结构过于复杂，同时也使得断路器的装配变得复杂；再进一步，此发明虽然有利于电弧从动触头跳到引弧板上并进入灭弧室，但其对电弧的拉长作用甚微，这样对电弧的熄灭和断路器工作电压的提高所起到的作用显然是不够明显的。
发明内容
基于上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种断路器，该断路器能够避免因多断点串联使用而带来的体积大和功耗高的问题，同时又有利于电弧移动和拉长。它采用具有引弧结构的动静触头，配合具有引弧栅片和产气隔弧罩的灭弧室来增加动触头打开后的电弧的移动速度和拉长长度，以满足光伏系统的高电压要求。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种利于电弧快速移动和拉长的断路器，包括基座、静触头、灭弧室、动触头和操作机构，其中灭弧室位于动触头左侧，所述操作机构控制动静触头的分合；
所述静触头1包括导电基体11、引弧部12和电触点13，所述导电基体11由接线部平面111、折弯114、平面113和连接面112构成，所述引弧部12和电触点13固定在连接面112上，所述连接面112相对于所述基座平面4呈锐角且位于第一象限；
所述动触头3包括导电杆31和电触点32，所述导电杆31有一凸出部314，在凸出部314的端面313上，位于朝向静触头电触点13方向上焊接有电触点32；
所述灭弧室2为栅片灭弧室，包括一对隔弧壁21、引弧栅片和一对隔弧罩23，所述引弧栅片包括底部引弧栅片24和顶部的引弧栅片22；所述底部引弧栅片24的位置低于静触头电触点13设置， 所述顶部引弧栅片22的位置高于动触头3打开时动触头电触点32的最大位置设置，所述隔弧壁21对称设置于灭弧室2两侧；所述隔弧罩(23)设置于动触头(3)左右两个侧面。
所述动触头3的两侧分别设置与其并联的动触头。
所述隔弧罩23为产气材料制成，所述隔弧罩23上设置有齿状凸出部232，插于灭弧室2的栅片之间，所述隔弧罩23与所述隔弧壁21通过铆接等方式连接为一体。
所述隔弧罩23距动触头侧面317的距离在0.1-3mm。
所述静触头电触点13与动触头电触点32的接触面14与基座底平面4的夹角a在20°到35°范围内。
所述静触头1的引弧部12紧邻静触头1的电触点13布置，在所述基座平面4垂直方向上，所述引弧部12相比所述电触点13更靠下侧；所述引弧部12与灭弧室2的底部引弧栅片24距离在0.1-3mm；所述引弧部12通过焊接、铆接或螺纹连接的方式固接于导电基体11上或由所述导电基体11成型加工而成。
所述左上点311与所述顶端引弧栅片22对应设置，在分闸位置时，左上点311与顶端引弧栅片22相对距离b在0.1-3mm；所述距离b小于动触头电触点32距与其对应的灭弧栅片的距离c。
所述动触头电触点32与静触头电触点13的接触面凸出于动触头导电基体杆部下平面的距离在4-20mm。
所述引弧部12左侧与灭弧室2底部引弧栅片24对应设置且相对距离d在0.1-3mm。
所述导电基体(11)由接线部平面(111)、折弯(114)、连接面(113)和连接面(112)构成，所述引弧部(9)和电触点(8)固定在连接面(112)上，所述连接面(112)从连接面(113)向下方向延伸，相对于所述接线部平面(111)呈28°角
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是这种断路器较现有技术的断路器能够使产生于动静触头电触点上的电弧快速移动到所述动触头的凸出部左上点311和静触头引弧部12的下端，如图9所示，产生于动静触头电触点处的电弧6的长度近似等于触头开距35，而移动到所述动触头导电杆凸起部左上点311和静触头引弧部12下端的电弧5的长度为56，即断路器断开时的电弧被显著的拉长了60％。
本发明结构简单，工艺水平要求同现有产品相同，可以方便地应用于目前的光伏系统用断路器上来减少断路器断点数量、缩小断路器体积、降低功耗，使两极断路器用在光伏系统中成为可能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的轴侧视图；
图2为本发明实施例一的处于合闸状态的剖视结构图；
图3为本发明实施例一的处于分闸状态的剖视结构图；
图4为本发明实施例一的动触头轴侧视图；
图5为本发明实施例一的动触头导电杆轴侧视图；
图6为本发明实施例一的静触头轴侧视图；
图7为本发明实施例一的静触头导电基体轴侧视图
图8为本发明电弧拉长前后对比的轴侧视图；
图9为本发明实施例一的隔弧罩的轴侧视图；
图10为本发明实施例二的静触头的轴侧视图；
图11为本发明实施例三显示分闸和合闸状态的结构图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。
在塑料外壳式断路器中，通常含有用于每一极的至少一个固定接触部分和至少一个可动接触部分，在断路器闭合/断开时，这些接触部分可以被相互连接/断开，同时在接触区域还设置有一个灭弧装置和一套控制机构，灭弧装置用于熄灭可动部分连接/断开时产生的电弧；控制机构用于控制所述可动接触部分的运动，并驱动所述可动接触部分和所述固定接触部分的连接和断开。
本发明涉及这种断路器中的固定接触部分、可动接触部分、灭弧装置，其包括：
一个静触头，安装于基座上，所述静触头上设置有一个电触点，所述静触头上固接所述电触点的平面与所述断路器基座底平面呈锐角并位于第一象限，所述静触头上还设置有一个引弧部，所述引弧部与所述电触点紧靠并设置在所述导电基体上，所述引弧部延伸至所述灭弧室最下面一片引弧栅片处并距栅片距离0.5-3mm；
一个动触头，由导电基体和焊接在上面的电触点组成，所述导电基体上设置有一个凸出部，所述电触点焊接于所述突出部的端面上，所述动触头靠所述机构控制实现与静触头的分合，用于接通或断开电路；
一个灭弧室，所述灭弧室顶部和底部各设置有一片引弧栅片，所述灭弧室还包括一对设置于灭弧室内侧对称布置的隔弧罩，所述隔弧罩上有齿状凸出部，所述凸出部插于灭弧栅片之间，所述隔弧罩与所述灭弧室固接在一起，所述隔弧罩距动触头侧面的距离0.1-3mm。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一
如图1、图2、图4所示，本发明涉及的断路器包括一个静触头1，一个灭弧室2，一个动触头3。其中：灭弧室2设置在动触头3的左侧，灭弧室2的底部引弧栅片24低于静触头电触点13设置，灭弧室2的顶部引弧栅片22高于动触头3打开时的动触头电触点32最大位置设置，静触头电触点13与动触头电触点32的接触面与基座底平面4的夹角a为锐角且位于第一象限，动触头电触点32与静触头电触点13的接触面33凸出于动触头导电杆下平面316的距离大于4mm，小于20mm。
如图6、图7所示，所述静触头1主要由静触头导电基体11、引弧部12、静触头电触点13组成。所述静触头电触点13与图4中动触头电触点32的接触面相对于基座底平面4的夹角a为28°。由R.Michal等人研究了电弧弧根的转移问题，电极的阴极和阳极弧根有不同的转移方式，阳极弧根有跳跃通过阻挡物的能力，所以阳极弧根遇到台阶或间隙时能够一跃而下或一跃而过，而阴极弧根的运动是连续的，它只能沿着阻挡物表面连续移动。在静触头电触点13靠近静触头导电基体接线部平面111一侧焊接静触头电触点13的平面112上紧贴静触头电触点13的位置铆接一个上引弧部12，所述引弧部12靠近静触头导电基体接线部平面111的一端延伸到灭弧室2底部引弧栅片24的下侧并距所述引弧栅片24的距离为2mm，这样就使得产生于所述静触头电触点13上的电弧在灭弧室2的吸引下能够快速的移动到所述引弧部12上.所述引弧部12还可以通过其他的方式固接于静触头导电基体上，如焊接、螺纹连接，当然所述引弧部12还可以由静触头导电基体直接成型加工而成。
如图5所示，动触头导电杆31的前端焊接动触头电触点32处设置有一个凸出部314，所述凸出部左上点311与左下点312圆滑过渡 连接，电触点32焊接于所述导电杆31凸出部平面313上，所述引弧栅片22与所述突出部左上点311在动触头处于打开时的最大位置对应设置，如图3所示在动触头3打开后所述触头导电杆31上的凸出部左上点311距灭弧室2顶部引弧栅片22的距离b为1.5mm，小于动触头电触点32距与其对应的灭弧栅片的距离c，依据多次试验所得，在所述距离差大于3.5mm时，动触头打开时产生于动触头电触点32上的电弧就不会从动触头电触点32直接与与其在基座底平面4方向上对应的灭弧栅片击穿放电，而是在动触头打开时产生于动触头电触点32上的电弧由于灭弧室2的吸引能够从动触头电触点32上沿着所述凸出部左下点312移动到所述凸出部左上点311处。进一步，如图2所示，断路器闭合后，所述凸出部314的设置使得动触头导电杆平面316与静触头导电基体平面113之间有一定的空隙，所述空隙能够保证动触头和静触头在合闸及超程磨损后可靠接触。动触头3尾部与转轴及脱扣器部分的装配连接与现有技术的断路器是完全一样的。
如图8所示，所述对称设置于灭弧室内侧的隔弧罩23为一对镜像件，其主体部分为一个平板，在靠灭弧栅片的一侧有齿状的凸出部232插于灭弧栅片的缝隙间，所述齿状凸出部232的高度要保证隔弧罩23与隔弧壁21能够可靠的贴紧，所述齿状凸出部232将灭弧栅片隔开，防止在高电压情况下灭弧栅片在靠近操作机构侧被击穿而影响拉弧长度。隔弧罩23上设置有用于将隔弧罩23固接于隔弧壁21上的凸起的半空心圆柱231，采用热铆接的方式将所述半空心圆柱231铆开并将隔弧罩23固接于隔弧壁21上，所述隔弧罩采用PA6，POM等产气性较好的材料制作，所述隔弧罩在动触头3打开后产生的电弧的高温作用下释放出惰性气体，所述惰性气体有助于将电弧吹向灭弧室2进而拉长电弧，在分断能力较高时要考虑在 材料中加阻燃剂以提高其耐电弧烧蚀能力。所述对称设置于灭弧室内侧的隔弧罩23平行布置于灭弧室2的内侧且距动触头侧面317的距离为1.5mm。
如图9所示，通过多次试验所得，上述结构在动触头打开时产生于动静触头电触点上的电弧能够在灭弧室2的吸引下从动静触头电触点上快速的移动到所述动触头凸起部左上点311和引弧部12靠近静触头导电基体接线部平面111的一端，电弧移动后，开距转为引弧开距，其开距增大60％，同时电弧快速移动后，可以有效保护电触点，提高电寿命次数。
实施例二
与上述实施例一所不同的是所述静触头还可以采用其他方式。
如图10所示的静触头，静触头电触点13和引弧部12的设置与实施例一相同，静触头导电基体的接线部平面111平行于基座底平面4，所述静触头电触点13与动触头电触点的接触面相对于静触头导电基体的接线部平面111呈28°并从静触头导电基体的接线部下方115处向动触头方向延伸，导电基体上焊接电触点及固接引弧部的部分由靠近导电基接线部下方连接面115处向动触头方向侧弯折形成。
实施例三
与上述实施例一及实施例二所不同的是所述动触头的两侧设置有与其并联的动触头。
如图11所示，静触头1与实施例2相同，动触头3的设置与实施例1相同，所不同的是在动触头3的两侧各设置有两个与动触头3并联的动触头301和302以提高额定载流能力，所述动触头301和302设置在灭弧室外侧，当然动触头301和302的个数可以根据断路器的额定工作电流进行相应的增减，进一步，动触 头301和302可以对称设置于动触头3的两侧，也可以非对称的设置于动触头3的两侧,其中动触头3比动触头301和302先合后分，有益于电弧的起弧与分断都在动触头3处完成，图中还显示动触头3的开闸和合闸刚接触时的状态。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步的详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种利于电弧快速移动和拉长的断路器，包括基座、静触头、灭弧室、动触头和操作机构，其中灭弧室位于动触头左侧，所述操作机构控制动静触头的分合,其特征在于：
    所述静触头(1)包括导电基体(11)、引弧部(12)和电触点(13)，所述引弧部(12)和电触点(13)固定在连接面(112)上，所述连接面(112)相对于所述基座平面(4)呈锐角且位于第一象限；
    所述动触头(3)包括导电杆(31)和电触点(32)，所述导电杆(31)有一凸出部(314)，在凸出部(314)的端面(313)的位于朝向静触头电触点(13)方向上焊接有电触点(32)；
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述灭弧室(2)包括一对隔弧壁(21)、引弧栅片和一对隔弧罩(23)，所述引弧栅片包括底部引弧栅片(24)和顶部的引弧栅片(22)，所述底部引弧栅片(24)的位置低于静触头电触点(13)设置，所述顶部引弧栅片(22)的位置高于动触头(3)打开时动触头电触点(32)的最大位置设置,所述隔弧壁(21)对称设置于灭弧室(2)两侧；所述隔弧罩(23)设置于动触头(3)左右两个侧面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述动触头(3)的两侧分别设置与其并联的动触头(301)和动触头(302)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述隔弧罩(23)为产气材料制成，所述隔弧罩(23)上设置有齿状凸出部(232)，插于灭弧室(2)的引弧栅片之间，所述隔弧罩(23)与所述隔弧壁(21)通过铆接等方式连接为一体；所述隔弧罩(23)距动触头侧面(317)的距离0.1-3mm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述静触头 电触点(13)与动触头电触点(32)的接触面(14)与基座底平面(4)的夹角a在20°-35°范围内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述静触头(1)的引弧部(12)紧邻静触头1的电触点(13)布置，在所述基座平面(4)垂直方向上，所述引弧部(12)相比所述电触点(13)更靠下侧；所述引弧部(12)与灭弧室2的底部引弧栅片(24)距离在0.1-3mm；所述引弧部(12)通过焊接、铆接或螺纹连接的方式固接于导电基体(11)上或由所述导电基体(11)成型加工而成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述凸出部(314)的左上点(311)与所述顶端引弧栅片(22)对应设置，在分闸位置时，左上点(311)与顶端引弧栅片(22)距离b在0.1-3mm；所述距离b小于动触头电触点(32)距与其对应的灭弧栅片的距离c。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述动触头电触点(32)与静触头电触点(13)的接触点凸出于动触头导电基体杆部下平面的距离在4-20mm。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述引弧部(12)左侧与灭弧室(2)底部引弧栅片(24)对应设置且相对距离d在0.1-3mm。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的断路器，其特征在于：所述导电基体(11)由接线部平面(111)和连接面(112)构成，所述引弧部(12)和电触点(13)固定在连接面(112)上，所述连接面(112)相对于所述接线部平面(111)呈锐角。
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