WO2015170771A1

WO2015170771A1 - Windshield

Info

Publication number: WO2015170771A1
Application number: PCT/JP2015/063392
Authority: WO
Inventors: 神吉　哲; 尚志朝岡; 永史小川
Original assignee: 日本板硝子株式会社
Priority date: 2014-05-08
Filing date: 2015-05-08
Publication date: 2015-11-12
Also published as: JP6843614B2; JP7102484B2; JP2022145685A; JPWO2015170771A1; JP2021014400A

Abstract

The present invention is a windshield in which it is possible to install an information obtaining device that obtains information from outside the vehicle by radiating light and/or receiving light. The windshield is provided with a glass plate on which a mask layer is laminated, the mask layer blocking visibility from outside the vehicle and having at least one opening. The glass plate and the mask material forming the mask layer have differing coefficients of thermal expansion, and the glass plate and the mask layer are both heated and thereby shaped. In at least a portion of the peripheral edge of the opening in the mask layer, formed is an opening peripheral edge region in which the proportion of the mask material disposed per unit area is low. The information obtaining device is disposed in the opening on the surface of the glass plate inside the vehicle so as to be able to obtain information through a region further inside than the opening peripheral edge region.

Description

Windshield

The present invention relates to an automobile windshield.

In recent years, the safety performance of automobiles has been dramatically improved, and as one of them, in order to avoid a collision with the preceding vehicle, the distance to the preceding vehicle and the speed of the preceding vehicle are sensed, and automatically when abnormally approaching A safety system for operating a brake has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). Such a system measures the distance to the vehicle ahead by using a laser radar or a camera. Laser radars and cameras are generally placed inside a windshield and measure by irradiating infrared rays forward.

By the way, measurement devices such as the above-mentioned laser radar and camera are often attached to the inner surface of the glass plate constituting the windshield, but in order to prevent such measurement equipment from being seen from the outside, the glass plate A mask layer coated with dark ceramic or the like is formed on the inner surface, and a measuring device is disposed thereon. At this time, an opening is formed in the mask layer, and laser light irradiated and received by the laser radar, visible light and / or infrared light received by the camera are irradiated and received through the opening.

JP 2006-327381 A

However, the present inventor has found that the following problems may occur when the measuring device is arranged on the mask layer as described above. The windshield as described above is manufactured by applying a mask layer on a glass plate and then heating, and thereafter forming a curved surface. At this time, since the mask layer is formed in a dark color such as black, the amount of heat absorbed in the glass plate is larger than that in a region where the mask layer is not formed. Here, since the thermal expansion coefficient of the mask layer formed of ceramic is different from that of glass, the amount of expansion due to heat absorption is different. Therefore, it has been found that the glass plate is distorted near the boundary between the mask layer and the region where the mask layer is not formed, for example, as shown in FIG. 53, due to the difference in expansion amount. This causes a problem that an image seen through the glass plate is distorted. And this inventor discovered that the following problems may be caused in the windshield provided with the above safety systems due to this problem. In other words, when such distortion occurs near the boundary between the mask layer and the opening, when the laser beam is irradiated and received, or when shooting with a camera, the light is refracted by the distortion, and the light is accurately reflected. There is a possibility that irradiation cannot be performed or light cannot be received. As a result, the inter-vehicle distance may not be accurately calculated.

Such a problem is not limited to the inter-vehicle distance measuring device, and may be a problem that may occur in general information acquisition devices that acquire information from outside the vehicle by receiving light such as an optical beacon. Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and in a windshield to which an information acquisition device that performs light irradiation and / or light reception through an opening of a mask layer can be attached, light irradiation and / or An object of the present invention is to provide a windshield that can accurately receive light and accurately process information.

<Invention 1>
Invention 1 provides the invention of the aspect hung up below.

Item 1. The present invention is a windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged, and masks that shield the field of view from outside the vehicle and have at least one opening The glass plate and the mask material constituting the mask layer are different in thermal expansion coefficient, and the glass plate and the mask layer are both heated to form the mask. At least a part of the peripheral edge portion of the opening in the layer is formed with an opening peripheral region in which the ratio of the mask material arranged per unit area is small, and the information acquisition device is provided on the inside of the glass plate. In the surface, information is obtained so that information can be acquired through a region inside the opening peripheral region in the opening.

Item 2. Item 2. The windshield according to Item 1, wherein the opening peripheral region is formed over the entire periphery of the peripheral portion of the opening.

Item 3. The glass plate exposed to the outside inside the opening peripheral region is composed of a strain region along the inner peripheral edge of the opening peripheral region, and a central region adjacent to the inside of the strain region,
Item 3. The windshield according to

Item

1 or 2, wherein the information acquisition device is arranged so that information can be acquired through all or a part of the central region on the inner surface of the glass plate.

Item 4. Item 4. The windshield according to Item 3, wherein a width of the strain region is 6 mm or less.

Item 5. The opening peripheral area includes a plurality of mask pieces formed of the mask material, and the plurality of mask pieces are stacked on the glass plate at intervals from each other. Windshield described in.

Item 6. Item 6. The windshield according to Item 5, wherein each of the mask pieces is formed in a circular shape.

Item 7. Item 7. The windshield according to Item 5 or 6, wherein the mask pieces are arranged in a staggered pattern.

Item 8. The glass plate includes an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate disposed to face the outer glass plate, and an intermediate film disposed between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate. Windshield described in any one.

Item 9. Item 9. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 8, wherein at least a part of the mask layer is black.

Item 10. Item 10. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 9, wherein an electromagnetic wave shielding film is formed in at least a part of a region to which the information acquisition device is attached in the mask layer, the opening peripheral region, and the strain region.

Item 11. In at least a part of the mask layer, the opening peripheral region, and the strain region, the first visual field shielding film, the electromagnetic wave shielding film, and the second visual field shielding film are arranged in this order from the outside to the vehicle interior side. Item 11. The windshield according to Item 10, wherein

<Invention 2>
Measuring devices such as laser radars and cameras as described above are often attached to the inner surface of the glass plate that constitutes the windshield, but in order to prevent such measuring devices from being seen from the outside, the inner surface of the glass plate Is formed with a mask layer coated with dark ceramic or the like, and a measuring device is disposed thereon. At this time, an opening is formed in the mask layer, and laser light irradiated and received by the laser radar, visible light and / or infrared light received by the camera are irradiated and received through the opening.

However, if the glass plate is distorted at a position corresponding to the opening, the passing light may be refracted more than expected. As a result, it may not be possible to accurately irradiate light or receive light accurately. As a result, image recognition may be insufficient, and the inter-vehicle distance may not be accurately calculated. Therefore, it is necessary to manufacture a glass plate so that the opening is not distorted.

In the glass plate manufacturing process, the glass sheet is most likely to be distorted in the glass plate forming process. There are various methods for this forming. For example, in addition to a method of bending a glass plate by pressing with a mold, there is a method of bending the glass plate by its own weight. In the latter method, it mounts so that only the periphery of a glass plate may be supported by a shaping | molding die, and a glass plate is heated. Thereby, a glass plate curves below by dead weight. However, the method of forming a curve by its own weight has a problem that it is not easy to control the heat applied to the glass plate, and distortion is likely to occur.

Accordingly, the second aspect of the present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and in the method of manufacturing a windshield in which the windshield is curved by its own weight, light irradiation and / or light reception can be accurately performed. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a windshield, a mold, and a windshield that can accurately process information, can manufacture a windshield. Specifically, the invention 2 provides the inventions of the embodiments listed below.

Item 1. A method of manufacturing a windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
Forming a windshield on a glass plate by laminating a mask layer that shields a field of view from outside the vehicle and has at least one opening;
Placing the windshield on a mold, and heating at least from below the mold to curve the windshield downward by its own weight;
With
The molding die supports a peripheral portion of the windshield and has a frame-shaped die main body having an internal space penetrating in the vertical direction, and heat shielding means extending from the inner peripheral edge side of the die main body to the center side of the internal space. And comprising
The method for manufacturing a windshield, wherein an edge on the center side of the internal space is located closer to the center side of the internal space than directly below the opening of the mask layer.

Item 2. A mold used in the method for manufacturing a windshield according to Item 1,
A frame-shaped mold body that supports the peripheral portion of the glass plate and has an internal space penetrating in the vertical direction;
Heat shielding means extending from the inner peripheral edge side of the mold body to the center side of the inner space;
With
A molding die in which the edge on the center side of the internal space is located closer to the center side of the internal space than just below the opening of the mask layer.

Item 3. A windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
A glass plate,
And a mask layer that is laminated on the glass plate, shields the field of view from the outside of the vehicle, and has at least one opening,
The windshield in which the distortion which extends along the circumferential direction of the said glass plate is not formed in the location in which the said opening is formed in the said glass plate.

Item 4. Item 4. The windshield according to Item 3, wherein the glass plate includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate disposed to face the first glass plate, and an intermediate film sandwiched between the two glass plates.

Item 5. Item 5. The windshield according to Item 4, wherein the intermediate film includes a core layer and a pair of outer layers that are harder than the core layer and sandwich the core layer.

Item 6. Item 6. The windshield according to Item 5, wherein the core layer has a frequency of 100 Hz, a temperature of 20 ° C, and a Young's modulus of 1 to 20 MPa.

Item 7. Item 7. The windshield according to Item 5 or 6, wherein the outer layer has a frequency of 100 Hz, a temperature of 20 ° C, and a Young's modulus of 560 MPa or more.

<Invention 3>
In laminated glass for vehicles in which an intermediate film is disposed between a pair of glass plates, particularly a windshield, a band-shaped shade region colored in green, blue or the like is formed in order to improve antiglare property, heat shield property, etc. Sometimes. The shade region may be provided on the surface of the glass plate, but is often formed by coloring a part of the intermediate film into a strip shape. On the other hand, since the windshield has a legal field of view where the visible light transmittance should be greater than or equal to a predetermined value (for example, 70% or more), the shade area of the windshield is outside the field of view, that is, normally Located at the top of the windshield.

By the way, in recent years, the safety performance of automobiles has been dramatically improved, and as one of them, in order to avoid a collision with the preceding vehicle, the distance to the preceding vehicle and the speed of the preceding vehicle are sensed, and when the vehicle approaches abnormally, A safety system in which the brake is activated is proposed. In such a system, the distance to the vehicle ahead is measured by laser or infrared using a device such as a laser radar or a camera. These devices are generally desired to be attached to the upper part of the windshield in order to ensure safety and to exhibit sufficient functions of the devices.

However, since the shade region is formed on the windshield as described above, it is necessary to form an opening through which laser light or the like can pass in the shade region in order to mount a device such as a laser radar. . Therefore, for example, the following method is disclosed in International Publication No. 2003/059837.

First, as shown in FIG. 54A, a transparent film material 200 that does not contain a colorant or the like is overlaid on an intermediate film 100 in which a shade region is previously formed at one end. This film material 200 is formed of the same material as the intermediate film. Then, the membrane material 200 is disposed at a position where a transmission region in the shade region is to be formed. Next, as shown in FIG. 54B, both the intermediate film 100 and the film material 200 are punched out using a mold having the shape of a transmission region. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 54 (c), the punched region in the intermediate film 100 is removed to form the through hole 102, and the opening intermediate film 201 punched from the film material 200 is passed through this through hole. Fit into the hole 102. In this way, a transparent opening through which the laser of the device passes is formed in the shade region.

However, the above-described method has a problem that the film material 200 formed to be small must be separately prepared in order to close the through hole 102, and the process becomes complicated accordingly. Accordingly, the invention 3 has been made to solve such a problem, and a method of manufacturing an intermediate film in which a light passage for a device such as a laser radar can be easily formed in a shade region. And it aims at providing a laminated glass. Specifically, the invention 3 provides the inventions of the following aspects.

Item 1. A first step of preparing at least one first interlayer film partially formed with a colored shade region;
A second step of preparing at least one second intermediate film partially formed with a colored shade region;
A third step of superimposing one of the first intermediate films and the second intermediate film such that a shade area in the first intermediate film overlaps a non-shade area of the second intermediate film;
The first intermediate film piece and the second intermediate film piece are cut out so as to form an opening that penetrates at least the shade area of the first intermediate film and the non-shade area of the second intermediate film that are overlapped with each other. A fourth step of cutting out
A fifth step of fitting the second intermediate film piece into the opening formed in the first intermediate film by the die cutting;
An intermediate film manufacturing method comprising:

Item 2. The method for producing an intermediate film according to Item 1, wherein the first intermediate film and the second intermediate film have the same configuration.

Item 3. In the first step, a plurality of the first intermediate films are prepared,
In the third step, one of the first intermediate films and the second intermediate film are arranged such that a shade area in the first intermediate film overlaps a non-shade area of the second intermediate film in which the opening is not formed. Overlay
Item 3. The method for producing an intermediate film according to

Item

1 or 2, wherein the third to fifth steps are repeated at least once.

Item 4. The first and second intermediate films are formed so that the thickness varies along the surface direction.
In the second step, the shade region of the first intermediate film is overlapped with the non-shade region in the vicinity of the shade region of the second intermediate film,
Item 4. The method for manufacturing an interlayer film according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the second interlayer film piece is cut out from the non-shade region in the vicinity of the shade region of the second interlayer film.

Item 5. An intermediate film produced by the method for producing an intermediate film according to any one of Items 1 to 4,
First and second glass plates sandwiching the intermediate film;
Laminated glass equipped with.

Item 6. The laminated glass according to Item 5, wherein a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is 20 to 80% in a region corresponding to the opening.

Item 7. The laminated glass according to Item 5 or 6, wherein a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm is 30 to 80% in a region corresponding to the opening.

Item 8. The intermediate film includes a core layer, and a pair of outer layers having a higher hardness than the core layer and sandwiching the core layer,
Item 8. The laminated glass according to any one of Items 5 to 7, wherein at least one Young's modulus of the pair of outer layers is 560 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.

<Invention 4>
Measuring devices such as laser radars and cameras as described above are often attached to the inner surface of the glass plate that constitutes the windshield, but in order to prevent such measuring devices from being seen from the outside, the inner surface of the glass plate Is formed with a mask layer coated with dark ceramic or the like, and a measuring device is disposed thereon. At this time, an opening is formed in the mask layer, and laser light irradiated and received by the laser radar, visible light and / or infrared light received by the camera are irradiated and received through the opening.

Incidentally, it is necessary to improve the transmittance of such an opening so that light can be easily transmitted. However, as a method of forming an opening having such a high transmittance, it is described in the above-mentioned International Publication No. 2003/059837. There is a way. However, such a method is not always easy, and there is a problem that the work becomes complicated.

Accordingly, the invention 4 has been made to solve the above-described problem, and can be easily created in a windshield to which an information acquisition device that irradiates and / or receives light can be attached through the opening of the mask layer. The purpose is to provide a windshield. Specifically, the invention 4 provides the invention of the aspect hung up below.

Item 1. A windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
A laminated glass on which a mask layer that shields a field of view from outside the vehicle and has at least one opening is laminated;
The laminated glass includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate disposed to face the first glass plate, and an intermediate film disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate,
The intermediate film is formed such that a first region and a second region having a higher light transmittance than the first region are adjacent to each other in the surface direction.
The second region is formed at a position corresponding to the opening of the mask layer, and at least a part of the second region overlaps the region where the mask layer is laminated;
The said information acquisition apparatus is a windshield arrange | positioned so that information can be acquired through the said opening in the vehicle inside surface of the said glass plate.

Item 2. Item 2. The windshield according to Item 1, wherein the second region is formed of polyvinyl butyral.

Item 3. Item 3. The windshield according to

Item

1 or 2, wherein the second region is formed in a band shape along the upper end portions of the two glass plates.

Item 4. In the opening,
Item 4. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is 20 to 80%.

Item 5. Item 5. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein in the first region, the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is 27.5 to 32.5.

Item 6. Each of the first glass plate and the second glass plate has a thickness of 1 to 2.5 mm,
The thickness of the intermediate film is 0.3-2 mm,
When the thickness of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is 2 mm, the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is 63% or less,
Item 6. The window according to Item 5, wherein the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is 75% or less when the intermediate film having a thickness of 0.76 mm is disposed between clear glasses having a thickness of 2.5 mm. shield.

Item 7. In the opening,
Item 7. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 6, wherein the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm is 30 to 80%.

Item 8. Item 8. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the first region includes a core layer and a pair of outer layers having higher rigidity than the core layer and sandwiching the core layer.

Item 9. Item 8. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the first region contains infrared shielding fine particles, and the second region does not contain the infrared shielding fine particles.

Item 10. The first region and the second region contain infrared shielding fine particles, and the amount of the infrared shielding fine particles contained in the first region is contained in the second region. Item 8. The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the windshield is larger than the amount of the shielding fine particles.

Item 11. Item 11. The windshield according to Item 9 or Item 10, wherein the infrared shielding fine particles are ITO fine particles.

According to the inventions of Items 9 to 11, since infrared rays passing through the first region from the outside of the vehicle are absorbed by the infrared shielding fine particles, it is possible to prevent the infrared rays from reaching the inside of the vehicle. As a result, it is possible to prevent the temperature inside the vehicle from rising. On the other hand, since the infrared shielding fine particles are not contained or little in the second region, the passage of infrared rays is prevented from being inhibited. As a result, malfunction of the information acquisition device can be prevented.

<Invention 5>
Conventionally, a glass plate is heated by passing through a heating furnace, and after passing through the heating furnace, is formed into a desired shape with a forming die in a softened state (for example, Patent Document 1: JP 2012-158478 A). Publication).

However, the glass plate must be appropriately softened in order to be molded into a desired shape by the mold, and cracking may occur during molding if the temperature is low. Accordingly, the invention 5 has been made to solve such problems, and includes a glass plate manufacturing method and a windshield that can form a glass plate at an appropriate temperature after passing through a heating furnace. The purpose is to provide. Specifically, the invention 5 provides the inventions of the following aspects.

Item 1. A first step of passing the glass plate through the heating furnace by means of a conveying device;
A second step of moving the glass plate to a molding position provided with a molding die after unloading the glass plate from the heating furnace;
A third step of forming the glass plate with the mold;
With
The average conveyance speed of the said glass plate from the exit of the said heating furnace to the said formation position is a manufacturing method of a glass plate faster than the average conveyance speed of the said glass plate in the said heating furnace.

Item 2. Item 2. The method for producing a glass plate according to Item 1, wherein in the first step, the conveyance speed of the glass plate is increased on the downstream side of the heating furnace until the glass plate is unloaded from the heating furnace.

Item 3. The manufacturing method of the glass plate of claim |

item

1 or 2 whose content rate of the iron oxide converted into the iron dioxide in the said glass plate is 0.035 weight% or less.

Item 4. Prior to the first step, the method further includes a step of forming a mask layer that shields the field of view from outside the vehicle and has at least one opening on the glass plate. Manufacturing method of glass plate.

Item 5. A windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
1st glass plate and 2nd glass plate manufactured by the method in any one of claim | item 1 -3,
An intermediate film sandwiched between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;
With
One of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is a windshield in which a mask layer that shields a visual field from the outside of the vehicle and has at least one opening is laminated.

<Invention 6>
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a head-up display device that projects information such as vehicle speed on a windshield of a vehicle has been proposed (for example, JP-A-2-279437). By using this head-up display device, the driver can check the vehicle speed by looking at the information projected on the windshield instead of an in-vehicle instrument such as a speedometer. There is no need to move your gaze forward. Therefore, there is an advantage that safety during driving can be improved.

However, if a head-up display device such as that described above is used for a windshield with a uniform thickness, the image can be seen by reflecting on the inner surface of the windshield and the image can be seen by reflecting on the outer surface of the windshield. As a result, there is a problem that an image projected on the windshield, that is, a double image phenomenon in which information such as vehicle speed is duplicated occurs. In order to solve this, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-207645, the windshield is composed of an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate, and a resin intermediate film sandwiched between them, and the intermediate film has a wedge-shaped cross section. Thus, it has been proposed to form the windshield as a whole in a wedge shape. Thereby, since two images overlap, a double image phenomenon can be prevented.

By the way, the present inventors have found that the double image phenomenon as described above occurs not only when the head-up display device is used but also when light is received from the outside. That is, when laser light emitted and received by the laser radar as described above, visible light and / or infrared light received by the camera is received through the opening of the mask layer, the light incident from the outside is reflected on the windshield. Spectral analysis on the inner surface revealed that there is a risk of forming a double image. More specifically, light from the outside of the vehicle is split into light that is transmitted through the windshield and light that is reflected from the inner surface of the windshield, and further reflected from the outer surface of the windshield and transmitted into the vehicle. It was found that an image by two lights was received by a laser radar or taken by a camera. Thereby, there exists a possibility that exact measurement cannot be performed.

Accordingly, the windshield according to the sixth aspect of the invention is made to solve the above-described problem. When an information acquisition device that receives light from the outside and performs measurement is arranged, A first object is to provide a windshield capable of preventing an image phenomenon. Further, when a head-up display device is further provided in the windshield, a second object is to provide a windshield that can prevent a double image phenomenon caused by the head-up display device. Specifically, the invention 6 provides the invention of the aspect hung up below.

Item 1. A windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
A first glass plate;
A second glass plate disposed opposite to the first glass plate;
An intermediate film disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;
With
The intermediate film has a wedge-shaped region formed in a wedge shape so that the thickness decreases from the upper end side to the lower end side of the windshield, and the light of the information acquisition device passes through the wedge-shaped region. A windshield that is configured to be.

Item 2. Item 2. The windshield according to Item 1, wherein in the intermediate film, the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region is 0.05 to 0.3 degrees.

Item 3. A windshield in which information from a head-up display device is projected and an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
An outer glass plate,
An inner glass plate disposed opposite to the outer glass plate;
An intermediate film disposed between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate;
With
The intermediate film has a first region where information from the head-up display device is projected, and a second region through which light to the information acquisition device passes,
A windshield in which the first angle formed by the outer surface and the inner surface of the intermediate film in the first region is different from the second angle formed by the outer surface and the inner surface of the intermediate film in the second region. .

Item 4. Item 4. The windshield according to Item 3, wherein the first region is formed in a wedge shape so that the thickness decreases from the upper end side to the lower end side of the windshield.

Item 5. Item 5. The windshield according to

Item

3 or 4, wherein the second region is formed in a wedge shape in cross section so that the thickness increases from the upper end side to the lower end side of the windshield.

Item 6. Item 6. The windshield according to any one of Items 3 to 5, wherein the second angle is 0.05 to 0.3 degrees.

Item 7. Item 7. The windshield according to any one of Items 3 to 6, wherein the first angle is 0 to 0.3 degrees.

<Invention 7>
Measuring devices such as laser radars and cameras as described above are often attached to the inner surface of the glass plate that constitutes the windshield, but in order to prevent such measuring devices from being seen from the outside, the inner surface of the glass plate Is formed with a mask layer coated with dark ceramic or the like, and a measuring device is disposed thereon. At this time, an opening is formed in the mask layer, and laser light irradiated and received by the laser radar, visible light and / or infrared light received by the camera are irradiated and received through the opening.

By the way, the light transmittance of the glass plate decreases as the iron content increases. Therefore, in the windshield to which the above-described measuring device is attached, if the content of iron is large, there arises a problem that the transmittance of light such as laser light is lowered. Therefore, it is conceivable to reduce the iron content in order to increase the light transmittance. However, if this is done, the amount of radiant heat absorbed in the glass plate will decrease, and a new problem will occur that makes it difficult to form. To do.

A seventh aspect of the invention is a method for manufacturing a windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from the outside of a vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light is arranged. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a windshield that can be easily formed even if the iron content is reduced. Specifically, the invention 7 provides the inventions of the following modes.

Item 1. A method of manufacturing a windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
Preparing a glass raw material having a content of iron oxide converted to iron dioxide of 0.17% by weight or less;
Forming a flat glass plate from the glass raw material;
Laminating a mask layer on the glass plate for shielding a field of view from outside the vehicle and having at least one opening;
Determining the amount of heat applied to the glass plate according to the iron content, and heating the glass plate based on the amount of heat;
Forming the glass plate into a curved shape;
A method of manufacturing a windshield, comprising:

Item 2. Item 2. The method for manufacturing a windshield according to Item 1, wherein in the step of heating the glass plate, the glass plate is heated at 650 to 675 ° C.

Item 3. Item 3. The method for manufacturing a windshield according to

Item

1 or 2, wherein the glass plate is formed of an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate, and an intermediate film disposed between the two glass plates.

According to the present invention, in a windshield to which an information acquisition device that performs light irradiation and / or light reception through an opening of a mask layer can be attached, light irradiation and / or light reception can be accurately performed, and information processing can be performed. Can be done accurately.

It is sectional drawing of one Embodiment of the windshield which concerns on this invention. It is a top view of FIG. It is sectional drawing of a laminated glass. It is the front view (a) and sectional view (b) which show the amount of doubles of a curved laminated glass. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the general frequency and sound transmission loss of a curved glass plate and a planar glass plate. It is a schematic plan view which shows the measurement position of the thickness of a laminated glass. It is an example of the image used for the measurement of an intermediate film. It is a top view of a glass plate. It is an enlarged plan view of a center mask layer. FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 9. It is an enlarged plan view of a center mask layer. It is a side view which shows an example of the manufacturing method of a glass plate. It is a top view of the parts which comprise a measurement unit. It is sectional drawing of a sensor. It is a top view of the glass plate to which the antenna was attached. It is a graph which shows the distortion of a glass plate. It is a photograph which shows distortion of a glass plate. It is a figure which shows the other example of an opening peripheral area | region. It is sectional drawing of the glass plate which shows the imaging | photography range with a camera. It is a top view which shows the other example of a laminated glass. FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 20. It is sectional drawing of a wedge-shaped intermediate film. It is a top view explaining attachment of the intermediate film for opening. FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 23. It is a top view explaining attachment of the intermediate film for opening. It is sectional drawing of a wedge-shaped intermediate film. It is a top view explaining attachment of the intermediate film for opening in a wedge-shaped intermediate film. It is a top view which shows the other example of a laminated glass. It is sectional drawing of FIG. It is a figure which shows the normal distribution regarding the transmittance | permeability. It is a side view which shows the other manufacturing method of a windshield. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the wavelength and light transmittance of the glass plate from which the content rate of iron differs. It is a side view which shows the other manufacturing method of a windshield. It is a top view of the shaping | molding die of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the shaping | molding die of FIG. 32 which shows the state which mounted the windshield. It is a photograph which shows the plane of a glass plate. It is a photograph which shows the distortion which arises in the glass plate of FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the double image phenomenon by the light which injects from the outside of a vehicle. It is sectional drawing of the windshield for eliminating the double image phenomenon by the light which injects from the outside of a vehicle. It is sectional drawing explaining the double image phenomenon by a head-up display apparatus. It is sectional drawing explaining the windshield which eliminates the double image phenomenon by a head-up display apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the windshield which cancels simultaneously the light which injects from the vehicle, and the double image by a head-up display apparatus. It is an example of the cross section of the windshield of FIG. It is an example of the cross section of the windshield of FIG. It is a figure which shows the other example of the manufacturing method of a windshield. It is a figure which shows the other example of the manufacturing method of a windshield. It is a model figure of the simulation for outputting sound transmission loss. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of a core layer. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the thickness of a core layer. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the attachment angle of a laminated glass. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an outer layer. It is a graph which shows the result of evaluation about the Young's modulus of an outer layer. It is a photograph which shows the distortion of the image of the boundary of a mask layer and a non-mask layer. It is a top view explaining attachment of the conventional intermediate film for opening.

Hereinafter, an embodiment in which a vehicle distance measuring unit is attached to a windshield according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the windshield according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the windshield which concerns on this embodiment is equipped with the glass plate 1 and the mask layer 2 formed in the vehicle inner surface of this glass plate 1, A measurement unit 4 for measuring the inter-vehicle distance is attached. Hereinafter, each member will be described.

<1. Glass plate>
The glass plate 1 can have various configurations. For example, the glass plate 1 can be composed of laminated glass having a plurality of glass plates, or can be composed of a single glass plate. In the case of using laminated glass, for example, it can be configured as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the laminated glass.

As shown in the figure, this laminated glass includes an outer glass plate 11 and an inner glass plate 12, and a resin intermediate film 13 is disposed between the

glass plates

11 and 12. First, the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 will be described. As the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, known glass plates can be used, and they can be formed of heat ray absorbing glass, general clear glass, green glass, or UV green glass. However, these

glass plates

11 and 12 need to realize visible light transmittance in accordance with the safety standards of the country where the automobile is used. For example, the required solar radiation absorption rate can be ensured by the outer glass plate 11, and the visible light transmittance can be adjusted by the inner glass plate 12 so as to satisfy safety standards. Below, an example of a composition of clear glass, an example of a heat ray absorption glass composition, and an example of soda-lime-type glass are shown.

(Clear glass)
SiO ₂ : 70 to 73% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.6 to 2.4% by mass
CaO: 7 to 12% by mass
MgO: 1.0 to 4.5% by mass
R ₂ O: 13 to 15% by mass (R is an alkali metal)
Total iron oxide converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ (T-Fe ₂ O ₃ ): 0.08 to 0.14% by mass

(Heat ray absorbing glass)
The composition of the heat-absorbing glass, for example, based on the composition of the clear glass, the proportion of the total iron oxide in terms of _{_{Fe 2 O 3 (T-Fe}} 2 O 3) and 0.4 to 1.3 wt%, CeO The ratio of ₂ is 0 to 2% by mass, the ratio of TiO ₂ is 0 to 0.5% by mass, and the glass skeleton components (mainly SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ ) are T-Fe ₂ O ₃ , CeO. _The composition can be reduced by an increase of ₂ and TiO ₂ .

(Soda-lime glass)
SiO ₂ : 65-80% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0 to 5% by mass
CaO: 5 to 15% by mass
MgO: 2% by mass or more NaO: 10-18% by mass
K ₂ O: 0 to 5% by mass
MgO + CaO: 5-15% by mass
Na ₂ O + K ₂ O: 10 to 20% by mass
SO ₃ : 0.05 to 0.3% by mass
B ₂ O ₃ : 0 to 5% by mass
Fe total iron oxide in terms of _{_{_{2 O 3 (T-Fe 2}}} O 3): 0.02 ~ 0.03 wt%

The thickness of the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of weight reduction, the total thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 is preferably 2.4 to 3.8 mm. The thickness is more preferably 2.6 to 3.4 mm, and particularly preferably 2.7 to 3.2 mm. Thus, since it is necessary to reduce the total thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 for weight reduction, the thickness of each glass plate is not particularly limited, For example, the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 can be determined as follows.

The outer glass plate 11 mainly needs durability and impact resistance against external obstacles. For example, when this laminated glass is used as a windshield of an automobile, the outer glass plate 11 has impact resistance performance against flying objects such as pebbles. is necessary. On the other hand, as the thickness is larger, the weight increases, which is not preferable. In this respect, the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 is preferably 1.8 to 2.3 mm, and more preferably 1.9 to 2.1 mm. Which thickness is adopted can be determined according to the application of the glass.

The thickness of the inner glass plate 12 can be made equal to that of the outer glass plate 11, but for example, the thickness can be made smaller than that of the outer glass plate 11 in order to reduce the weight of the laminated glass. Specifically, considering the strength of the glass, it is preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.6 mm, and 1.0 to 1.4 mm. Particularly preferred. Further, it is preferably 0.8 to 1.3 mm. Which thickness is used for the inner glass plate 12 can be determined according to the purpose of the glass.

Moreover, the shape of the outer side glass plate 11 and the inner side glass plate 12 which concerns on this embodiment is a curved shape.

In addition, when the glass plate has a curved shape, the sound insulation performance decreases as the amount of double increases. The double amount is an amount indicating the bending of the glass plate. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when a straight line L connecting the center of the upper side and the center of the lower side is set, the straight line L and the glass plate are set. The largest distance between the two is defined as a double amount D.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between a general frequency and sound transmission loss of a curved glass plate and a planar glass plate. According to FIG. 5, the curved glass plate has no significant difference in sound transmission loss in the range of the doubly amount of 30 to 38 mm, but compared with the planar glass plate, the sound transmission is in a frequency band of 4000 Hz or less. It can be seen that the loss is decreasing. Therefore, when producing a curved glass plate, the amount of double is better, but for example, when the amount of double exceeds 30 mm, the Young's modulus of the core layer of the intermediate film is set to 18 MPa (frequency) as will be described later. 100 Hz, temperature 20 ° C.) or less.

Here, an example of a method for measuring the thickness when the glass plate is curved will be described. First, about a measurement position, as shown in FIG. 6, it is two places up and down on the center line S extended in the up-down direction at the center of the left-right direction of a glass plate. The measuring instrument is not particularly limited, and for example, a thickness gauge such as SM-112 manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd. can be used. At the time of measurement, it is arranged so that the curved surface of the glass plate is placed on a flat surface, and the end of the glass plate is sandwiched by the thickness gauge and measured. Even when the glass plate is flat, it can be measured in the same manner as when the glass plate is curved.

<1-2. Interlayer>
Subsequently, the intermediate film 13 will be described. The intermediate film 13 is formed of at least one layer. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate film 13 can be configured by three layers in which a soft core layer 131 is sandwiched between harder outer layers 132. However, it is not limited to this configuration, and may be formed of a plurality of layers including the core layer 131 and at least one outer layer 132 disposed on the outer glass plate 11 side. For example, two layers of the intermediate film 13 including the core layer 131 and one outer layer 132 disposed on the outer glass plate 11 side, or an even number of outer layers 132 each having two or more layers on both sides around the core layer 131. Alternatively, the intermediate film 13 may be disposed, or the intermediate film 13 may be configured such that the odd outer layer 132 is disposed on one side and the even outer layer 132 is disposed on the other side with the core layer 131 interposed therebetween. When only one outer layer 132 is provided, the outer layer 132 is provided on the outer glass plate 11 side as described above, but this is to improve the resistance to breakage against an external force from outside the vehicle or outside. Further, when the number of outer layers 132 is large, the sound insulation performance is also enhanced.

As long as the core layer 131 is softer than the outer layer 132, the hardness thereof is not particularly limited. For example, the material can be selected based on the Young's modulus. Specifically, it is preferably 1 to 20 MPa, more preferably 1 to 18 MPa, and particularly preferably 1 to 14 MPa at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C. With such a range, it is possible to prevent a decrease in sound transmission loss (Sound Transmission Loss: STL) in a low frequency range of approximately 3500 Hz or less.

In this regard, it has been found by the inventor that sound insulation performance is improved in the frequency range of 3000 to 5000 Hz when the Young's modulus of the core layer is generally lowered. In this regard, Table 1 below shows the sound insulation performance of the laminated glass having an intermediate film composed of an outer glass plate and an inner glass plate made of clear glass, and an outer layer located on both sides of the core layer and the core layer. Show. The thickness of the outer glass plate is 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.3 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate film is 0.10 mm for the core layer and 0.33 mm for the outer layer, for a total of 0.76 mm. Table 1 below shows sound transmission loss when the frequency is between 1250 and 10,000 Hz. Specifically, the sound transmission loss is calculated when the Young's modulus (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.) of the intermediate film is 25 MPa, 12.5 MPa, and 6.25 MPa (the calculation method is described in the examples described later). According to the method), the difference in sound transmission loss when the Young's modulus is 12.5 MPa and 6.25 MPa (unit is dB), based on the case where the Young's modulus is 25 MPa (in the following table, it is 0) Is shown. At this time, the Young's modulus of the outer layer is 560 MPa, and tan δ is 0.26 (temperature 20 ° C., frequency 100 Hz). According to Table 1, when the frequency is between 3150 and 5000 Hz, it can be seen that the sound transmission loss is improved as the Young's modulus of the interlayer film is decreased from 25 MPa to 12.5 MPa and 6.25 MPa.

As a measuring method, for example, frequency dispersion measurement can be performed with a strain amount of 0.05% using a solid viscoelasticity measuring device DMA 50 manufactured by Metravib. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, in this specification, the Young's modulus is a value measured by the above method. However, the measurement when the frequency is 200 Hz or less uses an actual measurement value. When the frequency is higher than 200 Hz, a calculation value based on the actual measurement value is used. This calculated value is based on a master curve calculated by using the WLF method from the actually measured value.

On the other hand, the Young's modulus of the outer layer 132 is preferably large in order to improve sound insulation performance in a high frequency region, as will be described later, and is 560 MPa or more, 600 MPa or more, 650 MPa or more, 700 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees. It can be set to 750 MPa or more, 880 MPa or more, or 1300 MPa or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the Young's modulus of the outer layer 132 is not particularly limited, but can be set from the viewpoint of workability, for example. For example, it is empirically known that when it becomes 1750 MPa or more, workability, particularly cutting becomes difficult. Moreover, it is preferable to make the Young's modulus of the outer layer on the outer glass plate 11 side larger than the Young's modulus of the outer layer on the inner glass plate 12 side. Thereby, the damage resistance performance with respect to the external force from the outside of a vehicle or the outdoors improves.

Further, tan δ of the core layer 131 can be set to, for example, 0.1 to 0.9 at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C. When tan δ is in the above range, the sound insulation performance is improved.

In this regard, it has been found by the present inventor that the sound insulation performance is improved in the frequency range of 5000 to 10000 Hz when the tan δ of the core layer is generally increased. In this regard, Table 2 below shows the sound insulation performance of laminated glass having an intermediate film composed of an outer glass plate and an inner glass plate made of clear glass, and an outer layer positioned on both sides of the core layer and the core layer. Show. The thickness of the outer glass plate is 2.0 mm, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 1.3 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate film is 0.10 mm for the core layer and 0.33 mm for the outer layer, for a total of 0.76 mm. The Young's modulus of the core layer and the outer layer at this time is 12.5 MPa and 560 MPa, respectively (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.). Table 2 below shows sound transmission loss when the frequency is between 1250 and 10000 Hz. Specifically, the sound transmission loss is calculated when the tan δ of the core layer (measured at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 ° C.) is 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 (the calculation method will be described in an embodiment described later). The difference in sound transmission loss when tan δ is 1.2 and 1.6 (unit is dB), based on the case where tan δ is 0.8 (in the following table, it is 0). ). Note that tan δ of the outer layer is 0.26. According to Table 2, when the frequency is between 5000 and 10,000 Hz, the sound transmission loss is improved as the tan δ of the intermediate film increases from 0.8 to 1.2, 1.6. .

The material constituting each of the

layers

131 and 132 is not particularly limited, but it is necessary that the material has at least a Young's modulus in the above range. For example, the outer layer 132 can be made of polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). Polyvinyl butyral resin is preferable because it is excellent in adhesiveness and penetration resistance with each glass plate. On the other hand, the core layer 131 can be composed of an ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) or a polyvinyl acetal resin that is softer than the polyvinyl butyral resin that constitutes the outer layer 132. By sandwiching the soft core layer 131 in between, the sound insulation performance can be greatly improved while maintaining the same adhesion and penetration resistance as the single-layer resin intermediate film.

In general, the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin is controlled by (a) the degree of polymerization of the starting polyvinyl alcohol, (b) the degree of acetalization, (c) the type of plasticizer, (d) the addition ratio of the plasticizer, etc. Can do. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting at least one selected from these conditions, a hard polyvinyl butyral resin used for the outer layer 132 and a soft polyvinyl butyral resin used for the core layer 131 even if the same polyvinyl butyral resin is used. Can be made separately. Furthermore, the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin can also be controlled by the type of aldehyde used for acetalization, coacetalization with a plurality of aldehydes or pure acetalization with a single aldehyde. Although it cannot generally be said, the polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by using an aldehyde having a large number of carbon atoms tends to be softer. Therefore, for example, when the outer layer 132 is made of polyvinyl butyral resin, the core layer 131 has an aldehyde having 5 or more carbon atoms (for example, n-hexylaldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-heptylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde) and a polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalization with polyvinyl alcohol can be used. In addition, when predetermined | prescribed Young's modulus is obtained, it is not limited to the said resin.

The total thickness of the intermediate film 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferred. The thickness of the core layer 131 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm. On the other hand, the thickness of each outer layer 132 is preferably larger than the thickness of the core layer 131. Specifically, the thickness is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Is more preferable. In addition, the total thickness of the intermediate film 3 can be made constant, and the thickness of the core layer 131 can be adjusted therein.

The thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 can be measured as follows, for example. First, the cross section of the laminated glass is enlarged and displayed by 175 times using a microscope (for example, VH-5500 manufactured by Keyence Corporation). And the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 is specified visually, and this is measured. At this time, in order to eliminate visual variation, the number of measurements is set to 5 times, and the average value is defined as the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132. For example, an enlarged photograph of a laminated glass as shown in FIG. 7 is taken, and the core layer and the outer layer 132 are specified in this and the thickness is measured.

In addition, the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 of the intermediate film 13 does not need to be constant over the entire surface, and can be a wedge shape for laminated glass used for a head-up display, for example. In this case, the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 of the intermediate film 13 is measured at the position where the thickness is the smallest, that is, the lowermost side portion of the laminated glass. When the intermediate film 3 is wedge-shaped, the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate are not arranged in parallel, but such arrangement is also included in the glass plate in the present invention. That is, in the present invention, for example, the arrangement of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 when the intermediate film 13 using the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 whose thickness is increased at a change rate of 3 mm or less per 1 m is used. including.

The method for producing the intermediate film 13 is not particularly limited. For example, the resin component such as the polyvinyl acetal resin described above, a plasticizer, and other additives as necessary are blended and kneaded uniformly, and then each layer is collectively And a method of laminating two or more resin films prepared by this method by a pressing method, a laminating method or the like. The resin film before lamination used in a method of laminating by a press method, a laminating method or the like may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. Further, the intermediate film 13 can be formed of a single layer in addition to the above-described plural layers.

<1-3. Infrared transmittance of glass plate>
As described above, the windshield according to the present embodiment is used for a vehicle front safety system using a measurement unit such as a laser radar or a camera. In such a safety system, the vehicle ahead is irradiated with infrared rays to measure the speed and distance between the vehicles ahead. Therefore, the laminated glass (or one glass plate) is required to achieve a predetermined range of infrared transmittance.

As such transmittance, for example, when a general sensor is used for laser radar, it is 20% to 80%, preferably 20% to 60% with respect to light (infrared rays) having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm. The following are considered useful. The measuring method of the transmittance can be UV3100 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) as a measuring device according to JIS R3106. Specifically, the transmission of light in one direction irradiated at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the surface of the laminated glass is measured.

In addition, some safety systems such as those described above measure the speed and distance between vehicles ahead using an infrared camera without using a laser radar. In this case, for example, a camera commonly used for laser radar is used. Is used, it is considered useful to be 30% or more and 80% or less, preferably 40% or more and 60% or less, with respect to light (infrared rays) having a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm. The measuring method of the transmittance follows ISO9050.

<2. Mask layer>
Next, the mask layer 2 will be described. A mask layer 2 as shown in FIG. 8 is formed on the glass plate 1 according to the present embodiment. Although the mask layer 2 is laminated | stacked on a glass plate, the position is not specifically limited. For example, when the glass plate is formed of a single glass plate, the mask layer 2 can be laminated on the inner surface of the vehicle. On the other hand, when the glass plate is formed of laminated glass as shown in FIG. 3, the vehicle inner surface of the outer glass plate 11, the vehicle outer surface of the inner glass plate 12, and the vehicle of the inner glass plate 12. It can be laminated to at least one of the inner faces. Among these, for example, when the mask layer 2 having substantially the same shape is formed on both the inner surface of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12, the portion where the mask layer 2 is laminated is formed. Since the curvature of both the

glass plates

11 and 12 corresponds, it is preferable.

The mask layer 2 is a region for preventing the glass plate 1 from being seen from the outside, such as an adhesive applied when the glass plate 1 is attached to the vehicle body, and the peripheral mask layer formed on the outer peripheral edge of the glass plate 1. 21 and the peripheral mask layer 21 include a center mask layer 22 extending downward from the center of the upper edge of the glass plate 1. The measurement unit 4 described above is attached to the center mask layer 22. The measurement unit 4 only needs to be arranged so that the light emitted from the sensor 5 can pass through the center of the opening and receive reflected light from the preceding vehicle and the obstacle. These mask layers 2 can be formed of various materials, but are not particularly limited as long as they can shield the field of view from the outside of the vehicle. For example, dark ceramic such as black is applied to the glass plate 1. Can be formed.

Next, the center mask layer 22 will be described. As shown in FIG. 9, the center mask layer 22 is formed in a rectangular shape extending in the vertical direction, and two openings arranged in the vertical direction, that is, an upper opening 231 and a lower opening 232 are formed. In addition, opening

peripheral regions

2311 and 2321 which will be described in detail later are formed on the inner peripheral edges of these

openings

231 and 232, respectively. Both the upper opening 231 and the lower opening 232 are formed in a trapezoidal shape, but the width of the lower opening 232 in the left-right direction is about half that of the upper opening 231. However, the length in the vertical direction is substantially the same. The size of the opening is not particularly limited. For example, the upper opening 231 can be about 58 mm in length and about 58 mm in width, and the lower opening 232 can be about 52 mm in length and about 27 mm in width. In addition, opening peripheral regions 2311 and 321 formed in a dot pattern are formed at the peripheral portions of the upper opening 231 and the lower opening 232 as described later.

The center mask layer 22 is divided into three regions, an upper region 221 above the upper opening 231, a lower region 222 including both

openings

231 and 232 below the upper region 221, and the side of the lower region 222. It is composed of small rectangular side regions 223 formed in the part.

Next, the layer structure of each region will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the upper region 221 is formed of one layer by a first ceramic layer 241 made of black ceramic. The lower region 222 is formed of three layers including the first ceramic layer 241, the silver layer 242, and the second ceramic layer 243 that are stacked from the inner surface of the glass plate 1. The silver layer 242 is made of silver, and the second ceramic layer 243 is made of the same material as the first ceramic layer 241. Moreover, the side part area | region 223 is formed with two layers, the 1st ceramic layer 241 and the silver layer 242, which are laminated | stacked from the inner surface of the glass plate 1, and the silver layer 242 is exposed to the vehicle inside. The lowermost first ceramic layer 241 is common in each region, and the second silver layer 242 is common in the lower region 222 and the side region 223. In order to secure light shielding properties, the thickness of each

ceramic layer

241 and 243 can be set to 10 to 20 μm, for example. As will be described later, since the bracket of the measurement unit 4 is adhered to the center mask layer 22 formed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12 with an adhesive, this also ensures the adhesion. Such a thickness is preferred. This is because, for example, the urethane / silicone adhesive may be deteriorated by ultraviolet rays or the like.

Next, the opening peripheral area described above will be described. As shown in FIG. 11, in a region along the opening periphery of the upper opening 231 and the lower opening 232, a plurality of circular dots (mask pieces) 2220 are arranged in a staggered pattern at predetermined intervals. , 2321 are formed (see enlarged view). That is, these

regions

2311 and 2321 are formed of the same material (mask material) as the center mask layer 22, but the density is lower than the ratio of the same material as the center mask layer 22. The widths of these opening

peripheral regions

2311 and 2321, that is, the distances s 1 and s 2 from the peripheral edge of the upper opening 231 or the lower opening 232 are preferably 4 mm or more, and more preferably 6 mm or more. In the opening

peripheral areas

2311 and 2321, the ratio of the dots 2220 is preferably 20 to 80%, for example. These dots 2220 can be formed of the same material as that of the center mask layer 22. For example, the dots 2220 may be formed by overlapping the first and second

ceramic layers

241 and 243, or only the first ceramic layer 241. It can also be formed.

In addition, in the inner glass plate 12 on which the mask layer 2 is laminated, the region of about 4 to 6 mm inward from the inner peripheral edge of the opening

peripheral edge regions

2311 and 2321 varies slightly depending on the heating process and the slow cooling process. As will be described later, the

distortion regions

2312 and 2322 are likely to be distorted. Further, the above-described silver layer 242 can be provided in the

strain regions

2312 and 2322.

The peripheral mask layer 21, the center mask layer 22, and the opening

peripheral regions

2311 and 2321 can be formed as follows, for example. First, the 1st ceramic layer 241 is apply | coated on a glass plate. The first ceramic layer 241 is common with the peripheral mask layer 21. Next, a silver layer 242 is applied on the first ceramic layer 241 in a region corresponding to the lower region 222 and the side region 223. Finally, the second ceramic layer 243 is applied to a region corresponding to the lower region 222. In the lower region 222, the region where the silver layer 242 is formed corresponds to a position where a sensor of the measurement unit 4 described later is disposed. The silver layer 242 exposed in the side region 223 is grounded. The

ceramic layers

241 and 243 and the silver layer 242 can be formed by a screen printing method. Alternatively, the

ceramic layers

241 and 243 and the silver layer 242 can be formed by transferring a baking transfer film to a glass plate and baking it.

The

ceramic layers

241 and 243 and the opening

peripheral regions

2311 and 2321 can be formed of various materials. For example, the following compositions can be used.

In addition, the silver layer 242 is not particularly limited, and for example, the following composition can be used.

The screen printing conditions may be, for example, polyester screen: 355 mesh, coat thickness: 20 μm, tension: 20 Nm, squeegee hardness: 80 degrees, mounting angle: 75 °, printing speed: 300 mm / s, and drying The ceramic layer and the silver layer can be formed by drying at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes in a furnace. In addition, what is necessary is just to repeat screen printing and drying mentioned above, when laminating | stacking a 1st ceramic layer, a silver layer, and a 2nd ceramic layer in this order.

<3. Windshield manufacturing method>
Next, a method for manufacturing the windshield will be described. First, a glass plate production line will be described.

As shown in FIG. 12, a heating furnace 901 and a molding device 902 are arranged in this order from upstream to downstream in this production line. A roller conveyor 903 is arranged from the heating furnace 901 to the molding apparatus 902 and the downstream side thereof, and the glass plate 10 to be processed is conveyed by the roller conveyor 903. The glass plate 10 is formed in a flat plate shape before being carried into the heating furnace 901. After the mask layer 2 described above is laminated on the glass plate 10, the glass plate 10 is carried into the heating furnace 901.

The heating furnace 901 can have various configurations, but can be an electric heating furnace, for example. The heating furnace 901 includes a rectangular tube-shaped furnace main body whose upstream and downstream ends are open, and a roller conveyor 903 is disposed in the interior from upstream to downstream. Heaters (not shown) are respectively arranged on the upper surface, the lower surface, and the pair of side surfaces of the inner wall surface of the heating furnace 901, and the temperature at which the glass plate 10 passing through the heating furnace 901 can be formed, for example, softening of glass Heat to near point.

The forming apparatus 902 is configured to press a glass plate with an upper die 921 and a lower die 922 to form a predetermined shape. The upper die 921 has a downwardly convex curved shape so as to cover the entire upper surface of the glass plate 10, and is configured to be movable up and down. The lower die 922 is formed in a frame shape corresponding to the peripheral edge of the glass plate 10, and the upper surface thereof has a curved shape so as to correspond to the upper die 921. With this configuration, the glass plate 10 is press-formed between the upper die 921 and the lower die 922, and formed into a final curved shape. A roller conveyor 903 is disposed in the frame of the lower mold 922, and the roller conveyor 903 can move up and down so as to pass through the frame of the lower mold 922. And although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, the slow cooling apparatus (illustration omitted) is arrange | positioned in the downstream of the shaping | molding apparatus 902, and the shape | molded glass plate is cooled.

The roller conveyor 903 as described above is a known one, and a plurality of rollers 931 whose both ends are rotatably supported are arranged at predetermined intervals. There are various methods for driving each roller 931. For example, a sprocket can be attached to the end of each roller 931, and a chain can be wound around each sprocket to drive it. And the conveyance speed of the glass plate 10 can also be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of each roller 931. FIG. Note that the lower mold 922 of the forming apparatus 902 may be in contact with the entire surface of the glass plate 10. In addition, if the shaping | molding apparatus 902 shape | molds a glass plate, the form of an upper mold | type and a lower mold | type will not be specifically limited.

Thus, when the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 are formed, the intermediate film 13 is subsequently sandwiched between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, put into a rubber bag, and sucked under reduced pressure. While pre-adhering at about 70-110 ° C. Other pre-adhesion methods are possible. For example, the intermediate film 13 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 and heated at 45 to 65 ° C. in an oven. Subsequently, this laminated glass is pressed by a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. Next, the laminated glass is again heated at 80 to 105 ° C. in an oven and then pressed again with a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. Thus, preliminary adhesion is completed.

Next, this bonding is performed. The laminated glass that has been pre-adhered is subjected to main bonding by an autoclave at, for example, 8 to 15 atm and 100 to 150 ° C. Specifically, for example, the main bonding can be performed under the conditions of 14 atm and 145 ° C. Thus, the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is manufactured.

In addition, when using one glass as a glass plate, what is necessary is just to use one sheet among the glass mentioned above. The manufacturing method of a glass plate is also the same. After forming a mask layer on the inner surface of the glass plate, heating is performed, and thereafter, it is formed into a curved surface.

In addition, when mounting such a laminated glass to an automobile, the mounting angle of the laminated glass is preferably 45 degrees or less from the vertical.

<4. Measurement unit>
As shown in FIG. 13, the measurement unit 4 is configured as follows. FIG. 13 is a plan view of parts constituting the measurement unit. The measurement unit 4 is connected to a bracket 42 fixed to the inner surface of the glass plate 1, a frame-shaped cover base 41 fixed around the bracket 42, a sensor (information acquisition device) 5 supported by the bracket, and the sensor. A harness (not shown) and a cover 43 fixed to the cover base 41 and covering the bracket 42, the sensor 5, and the harness from the vehicle inner side are configured.

The bracket 42 is formed in a rectangular shape, and is fixed to the center mask layer 22 described above with an adhesive. An opening 421 is formed in the center of the bracket 42, and the opening 421 is formed to have a size including the two

openings

231 and 232 of the center mask layer 22. A cover base 41 for fixing the cover 43 is fixed around the bracket 42 with double-sided tape. At this time, the cover base 41 is formed in such a size that the outer edge of the cover base 41 coincides with the outer edge of the center mask layer 22 or is disposed inside thereof.

The rectangular sensor 5 is fixed to the bracket 42 so as to close the opening 421 of the bracket 42. Details of the sensor 5 will be described later. Thus, after the cover base 41, the sensor 5, and the harness are attached to the bracket 42, the cover 43 is attached to the cover base 41. That is, the outer edge of the cover 43 is fixed to the outer edge of the cover base 41 by fitting or the like.

The cover 43 is attached so as to cover the bracket 42 and the sensor 5 so that the bracket 42 and the sensor 5 cannot be seen from the inside of the vehicle. Since the center mask layer 22 is formed, the measurement unit 4 cannot be seen from the outside of the vehicle except for the upper opening 231 and the lower opening 232.

Next, an outline of the sensor 5 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the sensor. As shown in the figure, the sensor 5 includes a housing 51 having a triangular shape in a side view, and the front surface of the housing 51 is disposed so as to coincide with the opening 421 of the bracket 42. It comes in contact with the inner surface. The interior of the casing 51 is partitioned into an upper space 501 having a triangular shape in side view and a lower space 502 having a trapezoidal shape in side view, and the front surface of the casing 51 communicates with the upper space and the lower space. A front opening 52 is formed. On the other hand, a connector 53 is attached to the back side of the casing 51 and is used for connection to an external device.

A first support portion 54 is disposed in the upper space 501, and a first control board 541 and a light receiving lens 542 are disposed in the first support portion 54 from the rear to the front. In addition, a light receiving element 543 is mounted on the first control board 541 so as to receive laser light that has passed through the light receiving lens 542 and convert it into an electrical signal. This electric signal is amplified by the first control board 541 and transmitted to the second control board 56 described later. The light receiving lens 542 is arranged so as to face the outside through the upper opening 231 of the center mask layer 22 from the front opening 52 described above. In particular, the passage of light received by the light receiving element 543 passes through the vicinity of the center X of the upper opening 231 (any part of the region inside the strained region 2312 in FIG. 11 described above). The position, size, position of the sensor 5 and the like are adjusted. In addition, reflected light from multiple directions reflected from the preceding vehicle or obstacle passes near the center of the upper opening 231, and the light receiving element 543 receives the reflected light.

On the other hand, the second support portion 55 is disposed in the lower space 502, and the laser light emitting element 551 and the irradiation lens 552 are supported on the second support portion 55 in this order from the rear to the front. The laser light emitting element 551 emits laser light having a wavelength of 850 nm to 980 nm, such as a laser diode, and the irradiation lens 552 is a lens that shapes the laser light from the laser light emitting element 551 into a predetermined beam shape. It is. The irradiation lens 552 is disposed so as to face the outside from the front opening 52 of the housing 51 through the lower opening 232 of the center mask layer 22. In particular, the lower opening so that the passage path of the laser light emitted from the laser light emitting element 551 passes through the vicinity of the center Y of the lower opening 232 (any part of the region inside the strain region 2322 of FIG. 11 described above). The position and size of 232 and the position of the sensor 5 are adjusted.

In addition, a second control board 56 is disposed on the upper surface of the second support portion 55, and drives the laser light emitting element 551, processes an electric signal transmitted from the first control board 541, and the like.

Next, the operation of the measurement unit will be described. First, the first control board 541 transmits a pulse of laser light from the laser light emitting element 551. Then, the distance between the preceding vehicle or the obstacle and the own vehicle is calculated based on the time until the reflected light reflected by the preceding vehicle or the obstacle is received by the light receiving element 543. The calculated distance is transmitted to an external device via the connector 53 and used for brake control and the like.

<5. Antenna>
The antenna is provided on a glass plate for radio and digital television. Although there are various modes, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, the antenna 60 is formed in an L shape extending from a part of the upper side to a part of the right side of the inner surface of the glass plate 1. Can do. As a manufacturing method, it can form by screen-printing on a glass plate with the same material as the silver layer of a mask layer, for example. Moreover, like a mask layer, it is printed on a glass plate before being conveyed to a heating furnace.

<6. Features>
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. As described above, the mask layer 2 is formed on the glass plate 1. Thereafter, the glass plate 1 is heated and molded. At this time, since the mask layer 2 is a dark color such as black, the amount of heat absorbed in the glass plate 1 is larger than that of a region where the mask layer 2 is not formed, for example, the upper opening 231 and the lower opening 232. Become. The mask layer 2 and the glass plate 1 have different coefficients of thermal expansion. For example, the linear expansion coefficient of the mask layer (ceramic) 2 according to the above is 70 × 10 ⁻⁷ to 100 × 10 ⁻⁷ / ° C. The glass has a linear expansion coefficient of 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ to 10 × 10 ⁻⁶ / ° C. Therefore, in the region where the mask layer 2 is formed, compressive stress and tensile stress are generated at the time of molding, and the curvature of the glass surfaces of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate is different. Distortion occurs near the boundary between the opening 231 and the lower opening 232. In addition, when the windshield is made of laminated glass and the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 is larger than that of the inner side, the distortion is more pronounced in the laminated glass having different thicknesses because it bends more than the outer glass plate 11 near the boundary of the inner glass plate 12. become. As a result, when laser light is irradiated and received, the light may be refracted due to distortion or the like, and there is a possibility that it cannot be irradiated accurately or cannot be received.

In this regard, the present inventor studied as follows. First, the glass plate in which the following mask layers were formed was prepared.
(1) Configuration of glass plate: A laminated glass in which an outer glass plate and an inner glass plate were made of green glass having a thickness of 2 mm, and a single-layer interlayer film was disposed between them.
(2) Mask layer: It was set as the composition of Table 1 and Table 2 mentioned above. The upper opening was 58 mm long and 72 mm wide, and the lower opening was 29 mm long and 72 mm wide.
(3) Production of glass plate: A first ceramic layer, a silver layer, and a second ceramic layer were screen-printed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate to form a mask layer. Thereafter, it was baked at 650 ° C. in a heating furnace with a molding die as shown in FIG. 12, molded into a curved shape, and gradually cooled after being taken out from the heating furnace.

Subsequently, when the distortion of the glass plate in the vicinity of the boundary of the mask layer 2 was measured for the glass plate produced as described above, it was as shown in FIG. In this graph, the horizontal axis represents the length in the surface direction of the glass plate, and the vertical axis represents the lens power (mili diopter: reciprocal of focal length). The method for measuring the lens power is as follows. First, light is projected onto a glass plate in a dark room, and a shadow is formed on the screen behind the glass plate. At this time, if there is a convex lens on the glass plate, the light is condensed and the shadow on the screen becomes bright. On the other hand, it becomes dark when there is a concave lens on the glass plate. Here, there is a correlation between the lens power and the brightness of the shadow on the screen. By placing a lens with a known lens power and measuring the brightness on the screen at that time, the relationship between the lens power and the brightness Can be obtained. Therefore, the lens power of the glass plate can be obtained by arranging the target glass plate and measuring the brightness on the screen over the entire surface of the glass.

As a result of such measurement, it can be seen from FIG. 16 that the lens power increases rapidly in the vicinity of the boundary from the mask layer to the non-mask layer, and therefore distortion increases. And it turns out that distortion will reduce if it leaves | separates predetermined length from a boundary, and will lose | disappear if it leaves further.

Further, the image distortion due to the distortion of the glass plate is examined as shown in FIG. This photograph was taken on a glass plate having a trapezoidal opening in the mask layer, based on the perspective distortion test of JIS R3212. From the figure, the true circle is deformed and distorted into an elliptical shape within 4 mm from the boundary between the mask layer 2 and the opening. On the other hand, it can be seen that the vicinity of the center of the opening (region excluding 4 mm from the boundary) is closer to a perfect circle than the vicinity of the boundary.

Therefore, when using an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light such as a laser radar, the light irradiation and / or received light passing range is distorted as described above. It is necessary to avoid being placed in a large area.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, by forming the opening

peripheral regions

2311, 2321 formed in a dot pattern, the thermal expansion of the open

peripheral regions

2311, 2321 is greater than that of the mask layer 2. I try to make it smaller. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the coefficient of thermal expansion from rapidly changing at the boundary between the mask layer 2 (edge of the opening) and the inside of the opening. That is, since the ceramic density transitions from the mask layer 2 (edge of the opening) having a high ceramic density to the inside of the opening in which the ceramic is not formed through the

peripheral regions

2311 and 2321 having a low ceramic density, The change in the amount of thermal expansion becomes gradual, and therefore it is possible to suppress the distortion of the glass plate 1 near the boundary between the upper opening and the

lower opening

231, 232. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the inside of the opening from being affected by distortion such as refraction of laser light. As a result, laser light irradiation and light reception can be performed accurately, and the inter-vehicle distance can be calculated accurately.

However, the inner peripheral edges of the opening

peripheral areas

2311 and 2321 may still be distorted as described above (distorted areas 2312 and 2322), so that the area where the light of the measurement unit 4 passes (for example, FIG. 11). X, Y) are preferably provided avoiding the

strain regions

2312, 2322.

Further, since the silver layer 242 is formed on the mask layer 2, it is possible to shield the electromagnetic wave emitted from the sensor 5 from being emitted to the outside. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave from the sensor 5 prevents noise from entering audio (video) such as AM (long wave / medium wave / short wavelength) / FM (frequency over ultra short wavelength) radio and digital TV (frequency 470-720 MHz). can do. For vehicles equipped with glass antennas, the silver layer 242 is effective as an electromagnetic wave shielding function. For radio and digital television antennas mounted on windshields, the distance from the sensor 5 is closer, and electromagnetic waves are more affected. Since it is easy to receive, formation of the silver layer 242 is effective. In particular, it is advantageous to form the silver layer 242 in the strain region of the glass plate that is close to the sensor 5. Further, since the silver layer 242 is sandwiched between the black

ceramic layers

241, 243, the silver layer 242 is prevented from being seen from outside and inside the vehicle. Therefore, even if the silver layer 242 is formed, the appearance is not affected. Furthermore, since the center mask layer 22 is covered with a bracket, a cover, etc., an electrical influence on the outside can be prevented.

<7. Modification>
As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various change is possible unless it deviates from the meaning.

<7-1. Opening peripheral area>
In the above embodiment, the opening peripheral regions 2311, 321 are formed in a staggered dot pattern, but may be a rectangular shape other than a circle, a polygonal shape, an irregular shape, or the like as long as the ceramic density can be reduced. These can be arranged in a staggered manner or at a predetermined interval. Further, the size of the dot 2220 may be changed. Moreover, a linear pattern can be formed at predetermined intervals. In addition, the opening peripheral area can be formed by arranging mask pieces of various shapes at predetermined intervals. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, the size and shape of the dots can be changed, or the shape of the peripheral edge of the opening can be a curved line instead of a straight line.

Further, the opening peripheral areas 2311 and 321 do not need to be formed over the entire circumference of the

openings

231 and 232, and may be a part thereof or may be changed in width. For example, the opening peripheral region can be formed only along the lower side of the rectangular opening. This is because, for example, when information is acquired by a camera, information is often acquired from below the camera. Therefore, it is advantageous in terms of cost if the opening peripheral region is formed only under the

openings

231 and 232.

Moreover, in order to reduce the amount of thermal expansion, it is also possible to form an opening peripheral region made of the same material as the mask layer 2 and having a reduced thickness, and to form a pattern as described above, thereby reducing the thickness. it can. For example, the thickness may change as it goes to the center of the opening. In this case, the thickness may be gradually changed or may be changed stepwise.

Furthermore, a material having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than that of the mask layer 2 can be used as the peripheral edge region of the opening.

In the said embodiment, although the example of the sensor 5 for measuring the distance between vehicles was shown, it is not limited to this, The distance between vehicles can be measured by irradiating light and receiving the reflected light. If there is, it is not particularly limited.

In the above embodiment, the sensor 5 for measuring the inter-vehicle distance is used as the information acquisition device of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various information acquisition devices can be used. That is, there is no particular limitation as long as light is emitted and / or received in order to acquire information from outside the vehicle. For example, a visible light and / or infrared camera for measuring the distance between vehicles, a light receiving device for receiving a signal from outside the vehicle such as an optical beacon, a camera using visible light and / or infrared light that reads a white line of a road in an image, etc. The present invention can be applied to various devices. Here, when only one of light irradiation and light reception is performed, the center mask layer has one opening. In addition, a plurality of openings can be provided depending on the type of light. Note that the information acquisition device may or may not be in contact with the glass. Further, the opening may not be completely closed on the entire circumference, but may be partially open. For example, the lower side of the opening may be released without closing. Then, the opening peripheral region and the strain region are formed in a closed portion in the opening.

When a camera is used as the information acquisition device, the peripheral area as described above is formed inside the opening of the center mask layer 22, and the field of view (view angle) of the camera is adjusted as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 19, the field of view (visible light or infrared ray passing range Z) of the camera 80 and the inner edge of the opening peripheral region 250 are substantially matched. More preferably, the field of view of the camera passes through all or a part of the area further inside than the above-described distortion area.

The mask layer 2 has a three-layer structure as described above, but is not limited to this. That is, in the above embodiment, the silver layer 242 is provided in order to shield electromagnetic waves, but other materials such as a method of providing a single layer in which silver and a ceramic layer are mixed, or an electromagnetic wave can be shielded. Copper, nickel, etc. may be laminated. In addition, the silver layer 242 is sandwiched between ceramic layers so that the silver layer 242 cannot be seen from the outside. However, in addition to covering with the ceramic layer, a member such as the cover described above can also be used. Further, it is not always necessary to provide an electromagnetic wave shielding layer, and at least a layer that cannot be seen from the outside may be formed. Further, a silver layer can be applied to hide the above-described region where distortion occurs.

The mask layer 2 can be other than black, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a dark color such as brown, gray, or dark blue that blocks the field of view from the outside of the vehicle and prevents the inside of the vehicle from being seen.

<7-2. Intermediate Film (Aspect A)>
The laminated glass can be provided with a shade region. For example, the laminated glass shown in FIG. 20 includes an outer glass plate 1, an inner glass plate 2, and an intermediate film 50 sandwiched between these

glass plates

1 and 2. As will be described later, the intermediate film 50 includes a base intermediate film (first intermediate film) 3 and an opening intermediate film (second intermediate film) 4.

Also, the laminated glass is formed with a shade region 10 having a high transmittance loss for visible light and a viewing region 20 having a low transmittance loss. The shade area | region 10 is a strip | belt-shaped area | region colored along the whole upper edge of a laminated glass, and various functions (Anti-glare, heat insulation, etc.) accompanying a light reduction are exhibited. On the other hand, the viewing area 20 is used as an optical window. These two

regions

10 and 20 are formed by the base intermediate film 3.

Further, a rectangular transmission region 30 is formed at the center of the shade region 10 in the left-right direction. The transmission region 30 is a transparent region that is not colored, and transmits laser, infrared light, and visible light from a safety system device (information acquisition device) such as a laser radar or a camera. This region is formed by the opening intermediate film 4 described above. Hereinafter, the base intermediate film 3 and the opening intermediate film 4 will be described in detail.

<7-2-1. Base interlayer>
The base intermediate film 3 can be formed of a plurality of layers. For example, as shown in FIG. 21, the base intermediate film 3 is composed of three layers in which a soft core layer 31 is sandwiched between harder outer layers 32. Can do. However, it is not limited to this configuration, and it may be formed of a plurality of layers having the soft core layer 31. For example, two layers including the core layer 31 (one core layer and one outer layer), or an odd number of five or more layers arranged around the core layer 31 (one core layer and one outer layer) 4 layers), or an even number of layers including the core layer 31 inside (the core layer is one layer and the other layers are outer layers). About these core layers and outer layers, material, hardness, thickness, etc. are the same as the said embodiment.

Further, a colored region for forming the shade region 10 described above is formed in a part of the base intermediate film 3. This region is formed in a band shape along the upper edge of the base intermediate film 3, and one or more of the core layer 31 and the outer layer 32 are colored green, blue, or the like with a colorant such as a pigment or a dye. is there. Examples of the pigment that can be used include organic pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine, and quinacrine, and inorganic pigments such as metal oxides and metal powders.

When using a pigment, a colored layer and a clear layer are prepared by extrusion molding from a resin composition obtained by kneading the pigment together with a resin and a plasticizer and a resin composition (resin and plasticizer) not containing the pigment. And the colored base intermediate film 3 can be obtained by pinching and forming a colored layer with a clear layer. On the other hand, when a dye is used, a region where the shade region 10 is to be formed is exposed using a mask, and the dye is applied to this region. The dye can be applied, for example, by spraying or printing. Further, the mask can also be arranged in the transmission region 30 described above.

Note that the thickness of the base intermediate film 3 does not have to be constant over the entire surface, and may be a wedge shape, for example, for laminated glass used in a head-up display. In this case, the thickness of the base intermediate film 3 is measured at the position where the thickness is smallest, that is, the lowermost side portion of the laminated glass. There are various methods for making the interlayer film 50 wedged in this way. For example, as shown in FIG. 22, the core layer 31 has a wedge shape in cross section, and the glass plate is aligned along the surface direction from the upper end to the lower end. The thickness of both outer layers 32 can be made constant while the thickness is reduced toward.

The base intermediate film can be configured similarly to the intermediate film 13 shown in the above embodiment. Further, the manufacturing method of the base intermediate film can be made the same. However, in order to form the shade region, for example, the shade region may be colored to form a shade region and then laminated, or after lamination, the outer region may be colored to form a shade region. May be.

<7-2-2. Opening interlayer film and its mounting>
Similarly to the base intermediate film 3, the opening intermediate film 4 is formed of a core layer 41 and an outer layer 42. The difference from the base intermediate film 3 is that it is transparent without being colored and has a shape. The size and shape of the opening intermediate film 4 are not particularly limited, but may be any size as long as the light to the laser radar or camera described above can pass through. The opening intermediate film 4 is attached to the base intermediate film 3 as shown in FIGS. FIG. 23 is a plan view for explaining the mounting method, and FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

First, as shown in FIG. 23, two base intermediate films 3 having no openings are prepared. Here, the opening intermediate film 4 is cut out from one base intermediate film (hereinafter referred to as a cutting base intermediate film 302), and this is attached to the other base intermediate film (hereinafter referred to as a product base intermediate film 301). The two base

intermediate films

301 and 302 have

shade regions

3011 and 3021 formed in advance at one end thereof, and have the same configuration.

Next, the cutting base intermediate film 302 is overlaid on the product base intermediate film 301. At this time, the visual field region 3022 of the cutting base intermediate film 302 is arranged at a position where the transmission region 30 is to be formed in the shade region 3011 of the product base intermediate film 301. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 24B, both the base intermediate film for cutting 302 and the base intermediate film for product 301 are punched out using a mold having the shape of the transmission region 30. Subsequently, the punched region in the product base intermediate film 301 is removed to form the through hole 39, and the punched-out base intermediate film 302 is used for opening as shown in FIG. The intermediate film 4 is fitted into the through hole 39. Finally, when the boundary portion around the through hole 39 is temporarily bonded using a soldering iron or the like, for example, by applying heat of about 100 to 200 ° C., the product base intermediate film 301 and the opening intermediate film are formed. Clearly eliminates gaps and steps with 4. In this way, the intermediate film 50 as shown in FIG. 21 can be formed. The transmission region 30 may be formed so as to open to the visual field region in the shade region 3011 or in the vicinity of the boundary between the shade region 3011 and the visual field region 3012.

As described above, when the opening intermediate film 4 is fitted into one product base intermediate film 301, the next product base intermediate film 301 is processed. That is, since the cutting base intermediate film 302 used earlier has a large number of viewing regions 3022 in which no openings are formed, the cutting base intermediate film 302 is continuously used. For example, as shown in FIG. 25, a visual field region 3022 in which no opening is formed in the cutting base intermediate film 302 is overlapped with a shade region 3011 (position where an opening is to be formed) in the next product base intermediate film 301. Match. Subsequent to this, when the through hole 39 is formed by punching and the intermediate film 4 for opening is fitted, the intermediate film 50 as shown in FIG. 21 can be formed. In this way, the cutting base intermediate film 302 is used until the opening intermediate film 4 cannot be cut out from the visual field region 3022. By repeating the above steps, the cut out opening intermediate film 4 is The product is sequentially fitted into the product base intermediate film 301.

Further, when the intermediate film is formed in a wedge shape as shown in FIG. 26, an opening intermediate film is produced as follows. First, as a problem, when the intermediate film is formed in a wedge shape, the thickness of the intermediate film is not constant depending on the position in the plane direction as shown in FIG. Therefore, since the depth T1 of the transmission region 30 is not constant, it is not easy to prepare the opening intermediate film 4 suitable for this. In response to this, for example, as shown in FIG. 27A, the “near” shade region 3021 of the cutting base intermediate film 302 is arranged in the vicinity of the transmission region 30 of the product base intermediate film 301. That is, the opening intermediate film 4 is cut out from the vicinity of the shade region 3021 of the cutting base intermediate film 302. As a result, the opening intermediate film 4 having substantially the same thickness as the shade region 3011 of the product base intermediate film 301 can be extracted. Therefore, the opening intermediate film 4 can be made to substantially match the depth of the transmission region 30. it can. As a result, the opening intermediate film 4 suitable for the transmission region 30 can be easily formed.

Here, the “neighborhood” of the shade region 3021 described above will be described. For example, if the difference between the thickness (depth) T3 of the transmission region 30 and the thickness T4 of the opening intermediate film 4 is large, air may remain between the two glass plates after the main bonding described above, which is not preferable. From this point of view, the position where the opening intermediate film 4 can be cut out so that the difference between T4 and T3 is 0.2 mm or less, preferably 0.1 mm or less is referred to as “the vicinity” of the shade region. As shown in FIGS. 27B and 27C, in one cutting base intermediate film 302, a plurality of opening intermediate films 4 can be cut along the lower end of the shade region 3021. it can.

As described above, by preparing two base

intermediate films

301 and 302 having the same configuration, one base intermediate film 302 can be used for cutting out the opening intermediate film 4. There is no need to prepare a separate film material for cutting. Therefore, the opening intermediate film 4 can be easily produced. Furthermore, since the visual field region 20 other than the shade region 10 is large in the base intermediate film 3, a large number of opening intermediate films can be extracted from one base intermediate film. Therefore, one base intermediate film can be used repeatedly, leading to cost reduction.

In the above description, the base

intermediate films

301 and 302 having the same configuration are used, but the same configuration is not necessarily required. For example, the cutting base intermediate film 302 only needs to have substantially the same material and thickness as the product base intermediate film 301. For example, the size and position of the shade region may be different. However, when the

intermediate films

301 and 302 are in a wedge shape as described above, if the both intermediate films have the same configuration, the inclination angles of the base intermediate film and the opening intermediate film 4 can be easily matched.

Although the intermediate film in the above description is composed of a plurality of layers, it can be composed of a single layer.

<7-3. Intermediate Film (Aspect B)>
The intermediate film can also be configured as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 28, the intermediate film 13 is formed of a first region 1301 and a second region 1302 that are adjacent in the plane direction. Among these, the 2nd field 1302 is formed in the shape of a belt extended along the upper end part of both

glass plates

11 and 12, and the 1st field 1301 is the lower part of the 2nd field 1302 in both

glass plates

11 and 12. Is arranged to cover.

The first region 1301 and the second region 1302 may be formed of a single layer or a plurality of layers. Here, as an example, an intermediate film 13 in which the first region 1301 is formed of three layers and the second region 1302 is formed of one layer will be described as shown in FIG.

First, the second area 1302 will be described. As described above, the second region extends in a strip shape along the upper ends of the

glass plates

11 and 12 and extends so as to pass through the center mask layer. The second region 1302 is formed of a transparent resin material having a higher light transmittance than the first region, and can be formed of, for example, polyvinyl bratil, polyethylene terephthalate (so-called clear film). Note that the length of the second region in the vertical direction depends on the length of the center mask layer 22, but may be, for example, 50 to 150 mm.

Such an intermediate film 13 can be manufactured by various methods. For example, when the first region 1301 of the intermediate film is formed of a plurality of layers, a resin component such as the above-described polyvinyl acetal resin, a plasticizer, and other additives as necessary are blended and kneaded uniformly. Thereafter, a method of extruding each layer in a lump and a method of laminating two or more resin films prepared by this method by a press method, a laminating method or the like can be mentioned. The resin film before lamination used in a method of laminating by a press method, a laminating method or the like may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. The first region 1301 and the second region 1302 can be formed by coextrusion. Alternatively, the second region 1302 can be formed by providing a cut portion in the first region 1301 in advance and coextruding a resin colored with a pigment or dye. When the intermediate film 13 is formed of a plurality of layers, for example, as shown in FIG. 29B, a highly permeable material 1305 can be disposed on one outer layer 132. However, a highly permeable material 1305 can be disposed in the other outer layer 132, the core layer 131, or a plurality of layers. Further, as shown in FIG. 29C, when the intermediate layer 13 is formed as a single layer, a highly permeable material 1305 can be disposed therein. Such a manufacturing method can also be applied to the manufacture of an intermediate film in which a layer containing ITO fine particles and a layer not containing it are described later.

According to the above intermediate layer 13, the following effects can be obtained. As described above, the second region 1302 of the intermediate film 13 passes through the center mask layer 22. Therefore, when light is irradiated or received through the

openings

231 and 232 of the center mask layer 22, the light passes through the second region 1302. As described above, since the second region 1302 is formed of a transparent resin, for example, a material having high light transmittance such as polyvinyl platyl or polyethylene terephthalate, the above-described infrared transmittance can be satisfied. . In particular, since the second region 1302 is formed of a single layer of resin material, light is not refracted in this region, and as a result, light irradiation and / or light reception by the sensor 5 can be performed accurately. Information processing can be performed accurately.

Particularly, the second region 1302 of the intermediate film 13 as described above is provided in a portion through which light passes.

In addition, in International Publication No. 2003/059837, an opening is formed by hollowing out a part of the intermediate film, but the operation is simpler than that. This is because, in the method described in the publication, it is necessary to form an opening after completion of the intermediate film. However, in this method, a region having a high transmittance can be formed in the process of manufacturing the intermediate film. is there. Further, when a part is hollowed out, the boundary portion becomes conspicuous, but the above method has an advantage that the boundary does not occur in the vicinity of the opening in the intermediate film and the appearance is improved.

In addition, since most of the second region 1302 is covered with the mask layer 2, it is possible to suppress an increase in the transmittance of the glass plate in a region other than the opening.

In the above description, the second region 1302 of the intermediate film 13 is formed in a strip shape along the upper ends of the

glass plates

11 and 12, but the shape of the second region 1302 is not limited to this, and at least the opening of the mask layer 22. It suffices if they are arranged at positions corresponding to 231 and 232. Further, the second region 1302 can be formed along the shape of the mask layer in order to cover a region with high transmittance.

In the above description, the second region 1302 is formed over the entire thickness direction of the intermediate film 13, but the second region can also be formed in a part of the thickness direction. For example, a cut portion may be provided in a part of the intermediate film in the thickness direction, and a highly permeable material may be formed by coextrusion in the cut portion.

When the laminated glass is formed of the above-described intermediate film, the outer glass plate, and the inner glass plate, the transmittance of the windshield in the first region 1301 is 27. The transmittance of light with a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm. It is configured to be 5 to 32.5%.

In this regard, a measure for improving the yield by making the transmittance within the above range will be examined. First, FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a normal distribution of transmittance of light having a wavelength of 950 nm in a manufactured laminated glass by simulation. In this simulation, the outer glass and the inner glass are both clear glass having a thickness of 2.0 mm, and in the same figure, a normal distribution in the case of using a plurality of intermediate films is shown. In such a normal distribution, the standard deviation σ is empirically 0.5 to 0.7, but in the normal distribution in this figure, the standard deviation σ is set to 0.6.

As shown in the figure, when a laminated glass is manufactured using an interlayer film having a thickness of 0.76 mm, the average value (expected value) of the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 950 nm is 30%. From the figure, the transmittance range is approximately 30 ± 2.5% (about 4σ).

Here, in the first region 1301, in the case of a wind seal having a light transmittance of 950 nm of 30 ± 2.5%, the yield is obtained when a clear film having a high light transmittance as described above is inserted in the second region 1301. Will improve.

Specifically, the thickness and composition of the glass plate and the thickness and composition of the interlayer film affect the transmittance. By configuring the windshield as follows, the yield is improved.
The thickness of the outer glass plate (first glass plate) and the inner glass plate (second glass plate) is 1 to 2.5 mm, respectively. The thickness of the intermediate film is 0.3 to 2 mm. When the glass plate and the inner glass plate each have a thickness of 2 mm, the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is 63% or less. Between the clear glass with the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate each having a thickness of 2.5 mm Furthermore, when the intermediate film having a thickness of 0.76 mm is disposed, the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is 75% or less.

Incidentally, the intermediate film 13 can be configured to perform various functions. For example, in order to solve the problem that the temperature inside the vehicle rises due to the light passing through the windshield, it is only necessary to absorb the infrared rays by the intermediate film 13. ITO fine particles, which is one of the conductive particles, can be dispersed and blended.

However, when the ITO fine particles are blended in the intermediate film 13, the infrared rays irradiated from the information acquisition apparatus described above are difficult to transmit, and there is a possibility that the apparatus may malfunction. Therefore, in order to prevent problems of the information acquisition device, the intermediate film 13 can be configured as follows.

First, ITO fine particles are dispersed and blended in the resin formed of the above-described clear film. The ITO fine particles can be formed of, for example, indium tin oxide which is a composite oxide in which indium oxide and tin oxide are approximately 9: 1 in weight ratio. For example, the ITO fine particles used here preferably have an average particle size of 0.2 μm or less, and more preferably 0.1 μm or less. This is because fine particles having an average particle diameter larger than 0.2 μm or aggregated coarse fine particles become a light scattering source of the formed intermediate film 13 and cloud the intermediate film 13.

The amount of the ITO fine particles contained in the clear film can be, for example, 0.4 g / m ² or more and 0.8 g / m ² or less. This is because if it is less than 0.4 g / m ² , the heat shielding effect by infrared shielding may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 0.8 g / m ² , the cost may increase. As a method for measuring the amount of ITO fine particles contained in the intermediate film 13, for example, the intermediate film 13 is cut into approximately 1 cm × 6 cm, decomposed with an acid, and Sn and In in the decomposed solution are subjected to plasma. A method of quantifying by an emission analysis method can be used. The clear film thus formed is used as the first region 1301.

On the other hand, the resin disposed in the second region 1302 is also formed of the above-described clear film, but does not contain ITO fine particles. For example, a clear film that does not contain ITO fine particles is arranged in a region indicated by reference numeral 1305 in the second region 1302 shown in FIG. 29, and other regions, for example, those shown in FIGS. 29 (a) and 29 (b). A clear film containing ITO fine particles can be disposed in the region indicated by reference numeral 132 or the region indicated by reference numeral 1304 in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 29B, a clear film that does not contain ITO fine particles can be disposed in any layer of the intermediate film 13.

By doing so, the infrared rays that pass through the first region 1301 from outside the vehicle are absorbed by the ITO fine particles, so that the infrared rays can be suppressed from reaching the inside of the vehicle. As a result, it is possible to prevent the temperature inside the vehicle from rising. On the other hand, since the second region 1302 contains no or only a small amount of ITO fine particles, it is possible to prevent the passage of infrared rays irradiated from the information acquisition device from being inhibited. As a result, it is possible to prevent the information acquisition apparatus from malfunctioning.

In addition, the intermediate film 13 containing ITO fine particles can be manufactured as follows, for example. For example, ITO fine particles dispersed in a plasticizer are kneaded and mixed with a resin constituting the outer layer 132 by a roll mixer. Then, as described above, the obtained resin material is melted and molded together with the core layer 131 by an extruder to obtain the sheet-like intermediate film 13. For example, when a vinyl-based resin composition is used as the outer layer 132 and formed into a sheet shape, a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, or the like is added as necessary, and the sheet penetration is improved. You may mix | blend an adhesive force regulator (for example, metal salt). As shown in FIG. 29C, in order to form the intermediate film 13 in a single layer (reference numeral 1304), it can be manufactured in the same manner as the outer layer 132 described above.

Such ITO fine particles may be dispersed in a plasticizer and added to the vinyl resin in order to improve the dispersion in the vinyl resin. As a plasticizer, what is generally used for interlayer films can be used, and it may be used alone or two or more kinds may be used in combination. Specifically, for example, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), dihexyl adipate (DHA), tetraethylene glycol-di- Heptanoate (4G7), tetraethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (4GO), triethylene glycol-di-heptanoate (3G7) and the like are preferably used. The amount of the plasticizer added is preferably 30 to 60 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the vinyl resin.

Other additives may be added to the vinyl resin. Examples of additives include various pigments, various dyes, mixed materials of pigments and dyes, ultraviolet absorbers, fluorescent stabilizers, and the like. Although it does not specifically limit as an ultraviolet absorber, For example, a benzotriazole type thing is used preferably. As a specific example, for example, “Chinubin P” manufactured by Ciba Gaiki Co., Ltd. is used. Although it does not specifically limit as a light stabilizer, For example, a hindered amine type thing is used preferably. As a specific example, for example, “ADK STAB LA-5 7” manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. is used.

<7-4. Molding method>

In the windshield manufacturing method shown in FIG. 12, the conveyance speed of the glass plate 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of each roller 931. For example, as shown in FIG. 31, the conveyance speed of the glass plate 10 in the heating furnace 901 is made substantially constant, and acceleration is performed in the vicinity of the outlet of the heating furnace 901. And it is carried out of the heating furnace 901 at that speed, and moves to the molding apparatus 902. Thereafter, the glass plate is decelerated immediately before being placed at the molding position of the molding apparatus 902 and stopped at the molding position. The transport speed at this time is not particularly limited. For example, the transport speed V1 in the heating furnace is preferably 100 to 300 mm / sec, and more preferably 200 to 300 mm / sec. Further, the conveying speed V2 after unloading from the heating furnace 901 is preferably 500 to 1500 mm / sec, and more preferably 1000 to 1500 mm / sec. The conveyance time from the heating furnace 901 to the molding position is preferably 1 to 2 seconds, and more preferably 1 to 1.5 seconds.

When the conveyance speed is adjusted in this way, the conveyance speed of the glass plate 10 is accelerated from the front of the outlet of the heating furnace 901, and the conveyance time is shortened from the heating furnace outlet to the forming position. Therefore, the temperature drop from the heating furnace outlet to the molding position can be reduced, and the glass plate can be molded at an appropriate temperature. Therefore, the glass plate can be prevented from cracking. At this time, it is preferable to accelerate the conveyance speed before the tip of the glass plate 10 in the conveyance direction reaches the outlet of the heating furnace 901.

In the above description, the conveyance speed of the glass plate 10 is increased from the front of the outlet of the heating furnace 901. However, the glass plate 10 can be accelerated after exiting the heating furnace 901. That is, there is no particular limitation as long as the conveyance time from the heating furnace 901 to the forming position can be shortened, and the average conveyance from the heating furnace outlet to the forming position is higher than the average conveyance speed in the heating furnace 901 of the glass plate 10. It only needs to be fast. Moreover, the conveyance speed in the heating furnace 901 may not be constant. For example, the conveyance speed can be changed between the upstream side and the downstream side in the heating furnace.

In the above description, the lower mold 922 of the molding apparatus 902 is formed in a frame shape, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the lower mold may be in contact with the entire surface of the glass plate. In addition, the form of the upper mold and the lower mold is not particularly limited as long as the molding apparatus molds glass.

By the way, the light transmittance of the glass plate decreases as the iron content increases. For example, FIG. 32 shows the relationship between wavelength and transmittance in glass plates having different iron contents. According to the figure, when the iron content in the glass plate (the content of iron oxide converted to iron dioxide, the same shall apply hereinafter) is 0.17% by weight or less, the light transmittance at a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is It is equal to or higher than the transmittance of sunlight, that is, approximately 40% or higher. Further, if the iron content in the glass plate is 0.035% by weight or less, the light transmittance at a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm is approximately 80%. Therefore, it is advantageous for the measurement unit such as the laser radar described above.

An example of the composition of the glass plate thus prepared is shown below.
SiO ₂ : 72.4% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 1.42% by mass
CaO: 8.0 mass%
MgO: 4.1% by mass
NaO: 13.1% by mass
K ₂ O: 0.72% by mass
SO ₃ : 0.23 mass%
Fe total iron oxide in terms of _{_{_{2 O 3 (T-Fe 2}}} O 3): 0.027 wt%

However, it is preferable to increase the heating temperature of a glass plate having a low iron content because the amount of radiation absorbed is reduced. In this case, the temperature in the furnace is preferably 650 to 675 ° C. If it is lower than 650 ° C., cracking may occur due to insufficient heating. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 675 ° C., distortion is likely to occur, and the light transmittance may be lowered. Or you may lengthen the heating time in a furnace. Thus, when the iron content is low, the heat absorption amount to be applied to the glass plate is determined in accordance with the content, and the temperature in the furnace is increased to provide the heat amount. Or the time for placing in the furnace can be lengthened.

Also, such a glass plate with a low iron content has a reduced amount of radiant heat absorption, and therefore it is necessary to form it as soon as possible after it is unloaded from the furnace and before the temperature drops significantly. Therefore, as described above, it is preferable to increase the conveyance speed after being carried out of the furnace.

When laminated glass is used, the iron content of at least one of the two glass plates is 0.17% by weight or less, preferably 0.035% by weight or less, as described above. May be.

<7-5. Molding device>
Moreover, a glass plate can also be shape | molded as follows. First, a flat glass plate 10 having an intermediate film sandwiched between the inner glass plate 12 and the outer glass plate 1 is prepared. Note that a mask layer is laminated on the flat glass plate by the method as described above to form a windshield. Then, as shown in FIG. 33, the windshield 10 is placed on a ring-shaped (frame-shaped) mold 800. The mold 800 is disposed on the transfer table 801, and the transfer table 801 passes through the heating furnace 802 and the slow cooling furnace 803 with the windshield 10 placed on the mold 800. In the heating furnace, heaters (not shown) are provided above and below the path of the transport table, and the windshield 10 is heated by the heaters.

Here, the mold will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 34 and FIG. 34 is a plan view of the mold, and FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 34 showing a state where the windshield is placed. As shown in the figure, the mold 800 includes a frame-shaped mold body 810 that substantially matches the outer shape of the windshield 10. Since this mold body 810 is formed in a frame shape, it has an internal space 820 that penetrates in the vertical direction. And the peripheral part of the flat glass plate 10 is mounted in the upper surface of this type | mold main body 810. FIG. Therefore, heat is applied to the windshield 10 from the heater 830 disposed on the lower side through the internal space 820. Thereby, the windshield 10 is softened by heating and is bent downward by its own weight. At this time, since the amount of heat applied to the windshield 10 affects the deformation of the windshield 10, it is necessary to prevent heat from the heater 830 from being received as much as possible in an area where the deformation is desired to be reduced.

Here, the region where deformation is desired to be reduced is, for example, the peripheral portion of the windshield. The reason is as follows. That is, when the peripheral portion of the windshield receives heat from the heater 830, the temperature of this portion increases. Thereby, since the viscosity of the windshield increases, the amount of deformation due to the weight of the windshield increases at the periphery. As a result, the cross section of the windshield becomes flat at the center of the cross section like a so-called pan shape. In view of this, the molding apparatus is configured to increase the amount of heat received by the central portion of the windshield and decrease the amount of heat received by the peripheral portion in order to prevent such a form.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 34 and 35, a heat shield plate (heat shield means) 840 that protrudes from the inner periphery of the mold main body 810 to the center side of the internal space 820 in the inner space 820 of the mold main body 810. Is provided. The heat shield plate 840 blocks the heat generated from the lower heater 830 and shields it from reaching the windshield 10 directly. Therefore, since the heat H1 from the lower heater 830 is shielded by the die body 810 and the heat shield plate 840 around the periphery of the windshield 10, the amount of heat applied to the glass plate 10 is small. On the other hand, since the heat shield 940 is not provided near the center of the windshield 10, the heat H <b> 2 from the lower heater 830 is directly applied to the windshield 10 through the internal space 820. Therefore, the amount of heat received near the center of the windshield 10 is large, and the degree of deformation is also large.

Further, the heat shield plate 840 is disposed below the windshield 10, but is disposed at a position where the windshield 10 does not contact even if the glass plate 10 is bent by its own weight. The arrangement of the heat shield plate 840 is not particularly limited, and is determined by the required curvature of the windshield 10.

In particular, in the present embodiment, the mask layer 2 having the

openings

231 and 232 is laminated on the windshield 10, but the inner peripheral edge 841 of the heat shield plate 840 is not positioned directly below the

openings

231 and 232. The shape and position of the heat shield plate 840 are adjusted. That is, in the example of FIG. 35, the inner peripheral edge 841 of the heat shield plate 840 is located closer to the center of the internal space 820 than the

openings

231 and 232.

Then, the windshield 10 passes through the heating furnace 802 as shown in FIG. 33 in a state instructed by such a mold. When heated to near the softening point temperature in the heating furnace 802, the windshield 10 is bent downward on the inside of the peripheral edge by its own weight, and is formed into a curved surface. Subsequently, the glass plate 10 is carried into the slow cooling furnace 803 from the heating furnace 802, and a slow cooling process is performed. Thereafter, the windshield 10 is taken out of the slow cooling furnace 803 and allowed to cool.

According to the above molding apparatus, the following effects can be obtained. As described above, the windshield is heated in a state where the periphery is supported by the mold 800 and is bent downward by its own weight. However, the heat shield receives heat control by the heat shield plate 840. Yes. That is, at the position where the heat shield plate 840 exists, the amount of heat applied to the windshield is small, but at the position where the heat shield plate 840 does not exist, the amount of heat applied to the windshield increases. Therefore, near the inner periphery of the heat shield plate 840, that is, at the boundary between the position where the heat shield plate 840 exists and the position where it does not exist, the amount of heat applied to the windshield changes greatly. The present inventor has found that a distortion that cannot be ignored is formed in the windshield due to a large change in the amount of heat at a position facing such a boundary.

For example, as shown in FIG. 36, the region surrounded by the line on the windshield is a region through which the inner peripheral edge of the heat shield plate passes, but in this region, distortion as shown in FIG. 37 occurs. I understand that

In addition, as described above, the windshield is formed with the

openings

231 and 232 through which light from the sensor passes. Therefore, when distortion occurs so as to pass through the

openings

231 and 232, the laser beam is irradiated with laser light. When light is received, the light may be refracted due to distortion, so that there is a possibility that irradiation cannot be performed accurately or light cannot be received.

Therefore, in this example, as shown in FIG. 35, the inner peripheral edge 841 of the heat shield plate 840 is not positioned directly below the

openings

231 and 232. That is, in the example of FIG. 34, the inner peripheral edge 841 of the heat shield plate 840 is located closer to the center of the internal space 820 than the

openings

231 and 232. Thereby, the boundary between the position where the heat shield plate 840 exists and the position where it does not exist does not pass directly below the

openings

231 and 232. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the distortion due to such a boundary from occurring on the windshield corresponding to the

openings

231 and 232.

Further, in order to shield heat, the plate-like member is not necessarily required, and the mode is not particularly limited. For example, heat can be shielded with a block-shaped member.

<7-6. Prevention of double image phenomenon>
By the way, when light is received from the

openings

231 and 232 of the mask layer 2 using the measurement unit 4 described above, the inventor splits the light on the inner surface of the windshield 1 so that the light is transmitted to the measurement unit 4. Was found to be incident twice. Specifically, it is as follows. As shown in FIG. 38 (a), in the windshield 1, the region where the opening 231 through which light enters is formed has a constant thickness. The light irradiated on the windshield 1 from the outside is refracted at the point P on the outer surface (outer surface of the outer glass plate), then enters the inside of the windshield 1, and then at the point Q on the inner surface of the windshield 1. After being refracted, it enters the vehicle. This light is spectrum 1. On the other hand, a part of the light is reflected at the point Q on the inner surface of the windshield 1 and travels toward the outer surface of the windshield 1. The light reflected at the R point on the outer surface is refracted at the S point on the inner surface of the windshield 1 and then enters the vehicle. This light is spectrum 2. In this way, on the inner surface of the windshield, the light incident from the outside of the vehicle is dispersed, and the two lights enter the measurement unit in the vehicle. Therefore, in the measurement unit 4, two images are formed by the two lights, and a double image phenomenon occurs.

Also, the provisions concerning double images are also prescribed in ECE R43. That is, as shown in FIG. 38B, when the observer inside the vehicle views the object outside the vehicle, the

images

1 and 2 are observed, and a double image is generated. In the ECE R43, the angle at which the double image is generated, that is, the angle A formed by the straight line connecting the observer and the image 1 and the straight line connecting the observer and the image 2 needs to be 15 arcmin or less.

In order to eliminate this double image phenomenon, a windshield is constructed as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 39, the windshield 1 has a wedge-shaped cross section. More specifically, at least in a region through which light passes (wedge-shaped region), a wedge-shaped cross section is formed such that the thickness decreases toward the upper end of the windshield 1. The wedge angle α at this time depends on the installation angle of the windshield 1, but can be set to, for example, 0.05 to 0.3 degrees (second angle), and preferably 0.05 to 0.2. Degree, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2 degree. By doing so, the angle at which the above-described double image is generated can be made 15 arcmin or less.

Hereinafter, as an example, a case where light is incident on the windshield 1 having a wedge angle α of 10 degrees from the outside of the vehicle at an incident angle of 65 degrees will be described. The light incident on point A on the outer surface of the windshield 1 is refracted and travels toward the inner surface of the windshield 1 at an emission angle of 40 degrees. A part of this light is refracted at point B on the inner surface of the windshield 1 and enters the vehicle at an incident angle of 60 degrees. This is spectrum 2. On the other hand, the light reflected at the point B on the inner surface of the windshield 1 enters the point C on the outer surface of the windshield 1 at an incident angle of 30 degrees and is reflected. The reflected light is incident on point D on the inner surface of the windshield 1 at an incident angle of 20 degrees, and is refracted and incident into the vehicle at an exit angle of 50 degrees. This is spectrum 1. Therefore, since the spectrum 1 and the spectrum 2 enter the vehicle so as to approach each other, the double image phenomenon is eliminated.

The angle shown in the above example is merely an example, but the thickness of the windshield 1 in the region where the

openings

231 and 232 of the mask layer 2 are formed is formed so as to decrease toward the upper side of the windshield. If this is done, the double image phenomenon of light incident from outside the vehicle is eliminated.

By the way, in recent years, a head-up display device that projects information such as a vehicle speed on a windshield of a vehicle has been proposed. When this head-up display device is used, a double image is generated by light projected on a windshield. Is known to form. That is, as shown in FIG. 40, since the image visually recognized by reflecting on the inner surface of the windshield 1 and the image visually recognized by reflecting on the outer surface of the windshield 1 are separately viewed, It was double.

In order to prevent this, as shown in FIG. 41, in the windshield 1, at least in a region where light is projected from the head-up display device 500, the thickness decreases as it goes downward. . As a result, the light reflected on the inner surface of the windshield 1 and incident on the interior of the vehicle is substantially coincident with the light reflected on the outer surface of the windshield and then incident on the interior of the vehicle, so that the double image is eliminated. Note that the wedge angle β of the windshield 1 at this time may be, for example, 0 to 0.3 degrees (first angle), although it depends on the installation angle of the windshield 1. In this case, the second angle can be 0.05 to 0.3 degrees.

Therefore, in the windshield provided with both the measurement unit 4 and the head-up display device 500, for example, as shown in FIG. What is necessary is just to form so that thickness may become small in the lower part of a shield as it goes below.

By the way, as described above, there are various methods for forming the windshield 1 in a wedge shape in cross section. For example, the windshield 1 is disposed on the outer glass plate 11, the inner glass plate 12, and between them. The windshield 1 can be formed in a wedge shape by forming the intermediate film 13 and making the cross-sectional shape of the intermediate film 13 as described above. For example, in order to prevent the double image phenomenon from occurring due to light incident from the outside of the vehicle, the intermediate film 13 may be formed in a wedge shape whose thickness decreases upward as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in order to prevent the double image phenomenon caused by both the measurement unit 4 and the head-up display device 500, as shown in FIG. 44, the upper portion (second region) of the intermediate film 13 is moved upward. The thickness may be reduced, and the lower portion (first region) of the intermediate film 13 may be formed so that the thickness decreases as it goes downward. The structure, material, and the like of the intermediate film 13 are as described in the above embodiment.

In order to form such a windshield, for example, as shown in FIG. 45, an outer glass plate 11 and an inner glass plate 12 having the same cross-sectional shape are prepared, and these are bent along the outer shape of the intermediate film 13. However, there is a method of bonding to the outer surface and the inner surface of the intermediate film 13 respectively. In addition, as shown in FIG. 46, for example, the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 are formed in a shape that reflects in advance the outer shape of the windshield 1 to be manufactured. Then, the intermediate film 13 having a wedge shape in advance is sandwiched between the

glass plates

11 and 12, and then joined by preliminary adhesion and adhesion by an autoclave. In addition, the intermediate film arrange | positioned between both the

glass plates

11 and 12 does not need to be shape | molded in the shape of the final product, and may be a wedge shape in general. In this case, since the intermediate film 13 is pressed between the

glass plates

11 and 12, it is formed into the shape of the final product.

In addition to forming the windshield so as to have a plurality of wedge angles as described above, for example, a 5 cm square wedge-shaped glass is bonded to a desired position on the inner glass plate facing the measurement unit 4. It may be pasted using, and an autoclave may be performed at the time of main bonding.

Embodiments of the windshield according to the present invention will be described below. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
<1. Evaluation of Young's modulus of core layer>
The laminated glass which concerns on an Example and a comparative example was prepared as follows.

Each glass plate was formed of the above-described clear glass. Moreover, the intermediate film was comprised with the core layer and a pair of outer layer which clamps this. The thickness of the intermediate film was 0.76 mm, the thickness of the core layer was 0.1 mm, and the thicknesses of both outer layers were 0.33 mm. The Young's modulus of both outer layers was adjusted to 441 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz).

The sound transmission loss was evaluated by simulation for the above examples and comparative examples. The simulation conditions are as follows.

First, the simulation was performed using acoustic analysis software (ACTRAN, manufactured by Free Field technology). In this software, the sound transmission loss (transmitted sound pressure level / incident sound pressure level) of the laminated glass can be calculated by solving the following wave equation using the finite element method.

Next, calculation conditions will be described.
(1) Model setting FIG. 47 shows a model of laminated glass used in this simulation. In this model, a laminated glass is defined in which an outer glass plate, an intermediate film, an inner glass plate, and a urethane frame are laminated in this order from the sound source side. Here, the reason why the urethane frame is added to the model is that there is a considerable influence on the calculation result of sound transmission loss due to the presence or absence of the urethane frame, and between the laminated glass and the vehicle windshield. This is because it is generally considered that a urethane frame is used and bonded.
(2) Input condition 1 (dimensions, etc.)

Note that the size of the glass plate, 800 × 500 mm, is smaller than the size used in an actual vehicle. As the glass size increases, the STL value tends to worsen because the larger the size, the larger the constrained portion and the greater the resonance mode. However, even if the glass size is different, the tendency of the relative value for each frequency, that is, the laminated glass made of glass plates with different thicknesses becomes worse in a predetermined frequency band than the laminated glass made of glass plates with the same thickness. The trend is the same.

In addition, the random diffuse sound wave in Table 4 is a sound wave having a sound wave of a predetermined frequency transmitted with an incident angle in any direction with respect to the outer glass plate, and a sound source in a reverberation chamber for measuring sound transmission loss. Is assumed.
(3) Input condition 2 (property value)

[About Young's modulus and loss factor of core layer and both outer layers]
Different values were used for each main frequency. This is because the Young's modulus is strongly frequency dependent due to the viscous effect because the core layer and both outer layers are viscoelastic bodies. In addition, although the temperature dependence is large, the physical property value which assumed temperature constant (20 degreeC) was used this time.

The results are as shown in the graph of FIG. According to this result, the STL value due to the different thickness can be suppressed by setting the Young's modulus of the core layer to 20 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz) or less as in Examples 1 to 4. Further, as in Examples 2 to 4, by setting the Young's modulus of the core layer to 16 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz) or less, compared with Comparative Example 1 in which both glasses have the same thickness, in a frequency region of 2000 to 5000 Hz. Sound transmission loss is high. Further, as in Examples 3 and 4, by setting the Young's modulus of the core layer to 10 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz) or less, compared with Comparative Example 1 in which both glasses have the same thickness, in a frequency region of 2000 to 5000 Hz. The sound transmission loss is clearly high. Therefore, it has been found that by making the inner glass plate thinner than the outer glass plate and setting the Young's modulus of the core layer to 20 MPa or less, the sound insulation performance in a frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz that is easy for humans to hear is improved.

<2. Evaluation of core layer thickness>
The laminated glass which concerns on an Example and a comparative example was prepared as follows. Here, the thickness of the core layer was changed and the sound transmission loss was calculated by the simulation method. The intermediate film was composed of three layers, and the thickness of the core layer and the outer layer was changed without changing the total thickness. The Young's modulus of the core layer was 10 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz), and the Young's modulus of the outer layer was 441 Mpa (20 ° C., 100 Hz). The thicknesses of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate were 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively.

The sound transmission loss was evaluated by simulation for the above examples and comparative examples. The results are as shown in FIG. According to the figure, it can be seen that when the thickness of the core layer is smaller than 0.1 mm, the sound transmission loss is reduced in the frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz. Therefore, in order to increase the sound insulation performance in the frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz that is easy for humans to hear, the thickness of the core layer is preferably set to 0.1 mm or more.

<3. Evaluation of the mounting angle of laminated glass>
Subsequently, the mounting angle of the laminated glass was evaluated by a simulation in which the incident angle of sound was changed. Here, the sound transmission loss was calculated by changing the angle from the vertical to 0 to 75 degrees. Each glass plate was formed of the above-described clear glass. Moreover, the intermediate film was comprised with the core layer and a pair of outer layer which clamps this. The thickness of the intermediate film was 0.76 mm, the thickness of the core layer was 0.1 mm, and the thicknesses of both outer layers were 0.33 mm. The Young's modulus of the core layer was 10 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz), and the Young's modulus of both outer layers was 441 MPa (20 ° C., 100 Hz). Moreover, the thickness of the glass plate was 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm.

For the above examples and comparative examples, sound transmission loss was evaluated by the above simulation method. However, a simulation was performed by adding a laminated glass mounting angle as an input condition. The results are as shown in FIG. According to the figure, it can be seen that when the mounting angle exceeds 60 degrees, the sound transmission loss sharply decreases at a frequency near 3000 Hz. Therefore, it has been found that in order to increase the sound insulation performance in the frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz that is easy for humans to hear, it is preferable that the mounting angle of the laminated glass from the vertical is 45 degrees or less. Moreover, if it is 60 degrees or less, sound insulation performance can be improved, and sound insulation performance can be improved by setting it as 75 degrees or less depending on the case.

<4. Evaluation of Young's modulus of outer layer>
In order to evaluate the Young's modulus of the outer layer, laminated glasses according to Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared as follows. Here, the thickness of the outer glass and the inner glass was made constant, the Young's modulus of the outer layer and the core layer of the intermediate film was changed, and the sound transmission loss was calculated by the simulation method. Each glass plate was formed of the above-described clear glass, and the intermediate film was composed of a core layer and a pair of outer layers sandwiching the core layer. The thickness of the intermediate film was 0.76 mm, the thickness of the core layer was 0.1 mm, and the thicknesses of both outer layers were 0.33 mm.

The results are as follows. First, the results of Examples 13 and 14 are shown in FIG. In the evaluation of the Young's modulus of the core layer described above, it was found that when the Young's modulus is 20 MPa or less, the sound transmission loss is increased in a frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz that is easy for humans to hear. On the other hand, in Examples 13 and 14, the Young's modulus of the outer layer was changed while keeping the Young's modulus of the core layer constant. As a result, as shown in FIG. 51, it was found that in Example 14 where the Young's modulus of the outer layer was high, the sound transmission loss was high in a high frequency region of 5000 Hz or higher.

In Examples 15 to 18, the Young's modulus of the core layer is further lowered and the Young's modulus of the outer layer is increased. As shown in FIG. 52, in these examples, the sound transmission loss in the frequency region of 2000 to 5000 Hz is higher than those in Examples 13 and 14, but the values in Examples 13 and 14 are higher than 5000 Hz. The sound transmission loss in the frequency domain is not high. In particular, when the Young's modulus of the outer layer exceeds 1764 MPa, the sound transmission loss in a high frequency region of 5000 Hz or higher hardly increases.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Glass plate 2 Mask layer 22 Center mask layer 241 1st ceramic layer (1st visual field shielding film)
242 Silver layer (electromagnetic wave shielding film)
243 Second ceramic layer (second visual field shielding film)
5 Sensor (Information acquisition device)

Claims

A windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged,
A glass plate on which a mask layer that shields a field of view from outside the vehicle and has at least one opening is laminated;
The glass plate and the mask material constituting the mask layer have different coefficients of thermal expansion, and both the glass plate and the mask layer are formed by heating,
In at least a part of the mask layer along the inner peripheral edge of the opening, an opening peripheral area with a small proportion of the mask material disposed per unit area is formed,
The said information acquisition apparatus is a windshield arrange | positioned so that information can be acquired through the area | region inside the said opening peripheral area in the said opening in the vehicle inner surface of the said glass plate.
The windshield according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral edge region of the opening is formed over the entire periphery of the peripheral edge of the opening.
The glass plate exposed to the outside inside the opening peripheral region is composed of a strain region along the inner peripheral edge of the opening peripheral region, and a central region adjacent to the inside of the strain region,
3. The windshield according to claim 1, wherein the information acquisition device is arranged so that information can be acquired through all or a part of the central region on the inner surface of the glass plate.
The windshield according to claim 3, wherein the width of the strain region is 6 mm or less.
The opening peripheral region includes a plurality of mask pieces formed of the mask material, and the plurality of mask pieces are stacked on the glass plate at intervals from each other. Windshield described in crab.
The windshield according to claim 5, wherein each of the mask pieces is formed in a circular shape.
The windshield according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the mask pieces are arranged in a zigzag pattern.
The said glass plate is equipped with the outer side glass plate, the inner side glass plate arrange | positioned facing the said outer side glass plate, and the intermediate film arrange | positioned between the said outer side glass plate and an inner side glass plate. Windshield according to any of the above.
The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least a part of the mask layer is black.
10. The windshield according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnetic wave shielding film is formed in at least a part of a region to which the information acquisition device is attached in the mask layer, the opening peripheral region, and the strain region. .
At least a part of the mask layer, the opening peripheral region, and the strain region includes a first visual field shielding film, the electromagnetic wave shielding film, and a second visual field shielding film arranged in this order from the vehicle outer side to the vehicle inner side. The windshield according to claim 10, comprising: