JP6787776B2 - Windshield - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a windshield to which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle by irradiating and / or receiving light can be arranged.

In recent years, the safety performance of automobiles has been dramatically improved. One of them is to detect the distance to the vehicle in front and the speed of the vehicle in front in order to avoid a collision with the vehicle in front, and automatically when an abnormal approach occurs. A safety system in which the brakes operate has been proposed. In such a system, the distance to the vehicle in front is measured by using a laser radar or a camera. A laser radar or a camera is generally arranged inside a windshield, and measures by irradiating light such as infrared rays forward (for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-96331

As described above, the measuring device such as a laser radar or a camera is arranged on the inner surface side of the glass plate constituting the windshield, and irradiates or receives light through the glass plate. However, on cold days and cold regions, the glass plate may become cloudy. However, if the glass plate becomes cloudy, the measuring device may not be able to accurately irradiate or receive light. As a result, the inter-vehicle distance and the like may not be calculated accurately.

Such a problem is not limited to the measuring device of the inter-vehicle distance, and is a problem that can occur in the whole information acquisition device that acquires information from the outside of the vehicle by receiving light such as ETC. The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is capable of irradiating and / or receiving light in a windshield to which an information acquisition device that irradiates and / or receives light through a glass plate can be attached. It is an object of the present invention to provide a windshield that can be performed accurately and can process information accurately.

The windshield according to the present invention is a windshield on which an information acquisition device for acquiring information from the outside of the vehicle can be arranged by irradiating and / or receiving light, and is provided on a glass plate and the glass plate. The glass plate includes a heating wire to which an electric current is applied, and the glass plate has at least one information acquisition region facing the information acquisition device and through which the light passes, and the heating wire has at least the information acquisition. Inside and / or around the region, it is configured by connecting a plurality of linearly extending constituent parts, and among the connecting portions in which the constituent parts are connected to each other, the angle formed by the constituent parts is an acute angle. The portion is formed in an arc shape. The term "linear" means that each component may be linear, curved, or a combination thereof. If the connecting portion connecting the constituent portions extending in different directions has an acute angle, the connecting portion is formed in an arc shape.

The windshield is further provided with a mask layer formed on the glass plate to shield the field of view from the outside of the vehicle and having at least one opening, and at least a part of the opening of the mask layer is the information acquisition area. Correspondingly, the constituent parts may be arranged along the outer edge of the opening of the mask layer.

The windshield is further provided with a mask layer formed on the glass plate to shield the field of view from the outside of the vehicle and having at least one opening, and at least a part of the opening of the mask layer is the information acquisition area. Correspondingly, at least one of the plurality of components may be arranged so as to cross the opening of the mask layer.

Here, the number of the constituent parts that cross the opening of the mask layer can be 2 to 10.

In the windshield, the information acquisition device includes at least one camera, is formed on the glass plate, shields a field of view from the outside of the vehicle, and further includes a mask layer having at least one opening. A part of the opening corresponds to the information acquisition area for incident light on the camera, and at least one of the plurality of components is arranged so as to cross the information acquisition area. can do.

Here, the number of the constituent parts that cross the information acquisition area can be 2 to 10.

In each of the windshields, all the connecting portions can be formed in an arc shape.

In each of the windshields, the radius of curvature of the connecting portion formed in an arc shape can be 1 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm.

In each of the windshields, the line width of the constituent portion can be 50 to 3000 μm, preferably 100 to 300 μm.

In each of the windshields, the temperature in the information acquisition region can be set to be 80 ° C. or lower and 2 to 30 ° C. higher than the outside air when applied to the heating wire.

According to the present invention, in a windshield to which an information acquisition device that irradiates and / or receives light through a glass plate can be attached, light irradiation and / or light reception can be accurately performed, and information processing can be performed. Can be done accurately.

It is sectional drawing of one Embodiment of the windshield which concerns on this invention. It is a top view of FIG. It is sectional drawing of laminated glass. It is a front view (a) and a cross-sectional view (b) which show the amount of doubling of a curved laminated glass. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a general frequency and an acoustic transmission loss of a curved glass plate and a flat glass plate. It is a schematic plan view which shows the measurement position of the thickness of the laminated glass. This is an example of an image used for measuring the interlayer film. It is a top view of a glass plate. It is an enlarged plan view of the center mask layer. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. It is an enlarged plan view which shows another example of a center mask layer. It is a top view of the parts which make up a measuring unit. It is sectional drawing of a sensor. It is a front view which shows an example of the windshield provided with a stereo camera. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a figure which shows the 1st aspect of the heating wire. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the transfer sheet. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the transfer method of the heating wire by the transfer sheet of FIG. It is a figure which shows the 2nd aspect of a heating wire. It is a figure which shows the 3rd mode of a heating wire. It is a figure which shows the 4th aspect of a heating wire. It is a figure which shows the 5th aspect of a heating wire. It is a side view which shows an example of the manufacturing method of a glass plate.

Hereinafter, an embodiment in the case where the vehicle-to-vehicle distance measuring unit is attached to the windshield according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the windshield according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the windshield according to the present embodiment includes a glass plate 1 and a mask layer 2 formed on the inner surface of the car of the glass plate 1, and the mask layer 2 is provided with a mask layer 2. A measuring unit 4 for measuring the inter-vehicle distance is attached. Further, an opening 231 is formed in the mask layer 2, and light is irradiated or received from the measurement unit 4 through the opening 231. Then, on the inner surface of the glass plate 1, the heating wire 8 is arranged in the region corresponding to the opening 231 of the mask layer 2. Hereinafter, each member will be described.

<1. Glass plate>
<1-1. Composition of glass plate / composition of laminated glass>
The glass plate 1 can be configured in various ways, for example, it may be composed of laminated glass having a plurality of glass plates, or it may be composed of a single glass plate. When laminated glass is used, it can be configured, for example, as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of laminated glass.

As shown in the figure, the laminated glass 1 includes an outer glass plate 11 and an inner glass plate 12, and a resin interlayer film 13 is arranged between the glass plates 11 and 12. First, the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 will be described. As the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, known glass plates can be used, and the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 can be formed of heat ray absorbing glass, general clear glass or green glass, or UV green glass. However, these glass plates 11 and 12 need to realize visible light transmittance in accordance with the safety standards of the country in which the automobile is used. For example, the outer glass plate 11 can secure the required solar absorption rate, and the inner glass plate 12 can adjust the visible light transmittance so as to satisfy the safety standard. An example of clear glass, heat ray absorbing glass, and soda lime glass is shown below.

(Clear glass)
SiO ₂ : 70 to 73% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.6 to 2.4% by mass
CaO: 7-12% by mass
MgO: 1.0 to 4.5% by mass
R ₂ O: 13 to 15% by mass (R is an alkali metal)
Total iron oxide converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ (T-Fe ₂ O ₃ ): 0.08 to 0.14% by mass

(Heat ray absorbing glass)
The composition of the heat-absorbing glass, for example, based on the composition of the clear glass, the proportion of the total iron oxide in terms of _{Fe 2 O 3 (T-Fe} 2 O 3) and 0.4 to 1.3 wt%, CeO ₂ ratio as 0-2 mass%, the proportion of TiO ₂ and 0 to 0.5 wt%, framework component of the glass (mainly, SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃₎ to T-Fe ₂ O _3, CeO _The composition can be reduced by the amount of increase in ₂ and TiO ₂ .

(Soda lime glass)
SiO ₂ : 65-80% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0-5% by mass
CaO: 5 to 15% by mass
MgO: 2% by mass or more NaO: 10 to 18% by mass
K ₂ O: 0 to 5% by mass
MgO + CaO: 5 to 15% by mass
Na ₂ O + K ₂ O: 10 to 20% by mass
SO ₃ : 0.05 to 0.3% by mass
B ₂ O ₃ : 0 to 5% by mass
Total iron oxide converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ (T-Fe ₂ O ₃ ): 0.02 to 0.03% by mass

The thickness of the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of weight reduction, the total thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 is preferably 2.4 to 3.8 mm. It is more preferably 2.6 to 3.4 mm, and particularly preferably 2.7 to 3.2 mm. As described above, in order to reduce the weight, it is necessary to reduce the total thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, so that the thickness of each glass plate is not particularly limited. For example, the thicknesses of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 can be determined as follows.

The outer glass plate 11 is mainly required to have durability and impact resistance against external obstacles. For example, when this laminated glass is used as a windshield of an automobile, it has impact resistance against flying objects such as pebbles. is necessary. On the other hand, the larger the thickness, the heavier the weight, which is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 is preferably 1.8 to 2.3 mm, and more preferably 1.9 to 2.1 mm. Which thickness to use can be determined according to the application of the glass.

The thickness of the inner glass plate 12 can be made equal to that of the outer glass plate 11, but for example, the thickness can be made smaller than that of the outer glass plate 11 in order to reduce the weight of the laminated glass. Specifically, considering the strength of the glass, it is preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.6 mm, and particularly 1.0 to 1.4 mm. preferable. Further, it is preferably 0.8 to 1.3 mm. As for the inner glass plate 12, which thickness is adopted can be determined according to the use of the glass.

Further, the shapes of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 according to the present embodiment may be either a flat shape or a curved shape.

When the glass plate has a curved shape, it is said that the sound insulation performance deteriorates as the amount of doubling increases. The amount of doubling is an amount indicating bending of the glass plate. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when a straight line L connecting the center of the upper side and the center of the lower side of the glass plate is set, the straight line L and the glass plate are set. The largest distance from is defined as the amount of duplication D.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the general frequency and the sound transmission loss of the curved glass plate and the flat glass plate. According to FIG. 5, the curved glass plate does not have a large difference in sound transmission loss in the range of 30 to 38 mm of doubling amount, but the sound transmission in the frequency band of 4000 Hz or less as compared with the flat glass plate. It can be seen that the loss is decreasing. Therefore, when producing a curved glass plate, the amount of doubling should be small. For example, when the amount of doubling exceeds 30 mm, the Young's modulus of the core layer of the interlayer film is set to 18 MPa (frequency) as described later. It is preferably 100 Hz and 20 ° C. or lower.

Here, an example of a method for measuring the thickness when the glass plate (laminated glass) 1 is curved will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 6, the measurement positions are two points above and below the center line S extending vertically along the center of the glass plate in the left-right direction. The measuring device is not particularly limited, but for example, a thickness gauge such as SM-112 manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd. can be used. At the time of measurement, the curved surface of the glass plate is placed on a flat surface, and the edge of the glass plate is sandwiched between the thickness gauges for measurement. Even when the glass plate is flat, the measurement can be performed in the same manner as when the glass plate is curved.

<1-2. Laminated glass interlayer>
The interlayer film 13 is formed of at least one layer, and as an example, as shown in FIG. 3, the interlayer film 13 can be composed of three layers in which a soft core layer 131 is sandwiched between outer layers 132 that are harder than this. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and it may be formed by a plurality of layers having a core layer 131 and at least one outer layer 132 arranged on the outer glass plate 11 side. For example, a two-layer interlayer film 13 including a core layer 131 and one outer layer 132 arranged on the outer glass plate 11 side, or an even number of outer layers 132 having two or more layers on both sides of the core layer 131 as a center. The arranged interlayer film 13 or the intermediate film 13 in which an odd number of outer layers 132 are arranged on one side and an even number of outer layers 132 are arranged on the other side of the core layer 131 may be used. When only one outer layer 132 is provided, it is provided on the outer glass plate 11 side as described above, in order to improve the damage resistance performance against external forces from outside the vehicle or outdoors. Further, when the number of outer layers 132 is large, the sound insulation performance is also high.

As long as the core layer 131 is softer than the outer layer 132, its hardness is not particularly limited. The material constituting each of the layers 131 and 132 is not particularly limited, but for example, the material can be selected based on Young's modulus. Specifically, at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees, it is preferably 1 to 20 MPa, more preferably 1 to 18 MPa, and particularly preferably 1 to 14 MPa. With such a range, it is possible to prevent the STL from decreasing in a low frequency region of about 3500 Hz or less. On the other hand, as will be described later, the Young's modulus of the outer layer 132 is preferably large in order to improve the sound insulation performance in the high frequency region, and is 560 MPa or more, 600 MPa or more, 650 MPa or more, 700 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees. It can be 750 MPa or more, 880 MPa or more, or 1300 MPa or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the Young's modulus of the outer layer 132 is not particularly limited, but can be set from the viewpoint of workability, for example. For example, it is empirically known that when the amount is 1750 MPa or more, processability, particularly cutting becomes difficult.

Further, as a specific material, the outer layer 132 can be made of, for example, polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB). Polyvinyl butyral resin is preferable because it has excellent adhesiveness and penetration resistance to each glass plate. On the other hand, the core layer 131 can be made of, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) or polyvinyl acetal resin which is softer than the polyvinyl butyral resin constituting the outer layer. By sandwiching the soft core layer between them, the sound insulation performance can be greatly improved while maintaining the same adhesiveness and penetration resistance as the single-layer resin interlayer film.

Generally, the hardness of a polyvinyl acetal resin is controlled by (a) the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol as a starting material, (b) the degree of acetalization, (c) the type of plasticizer, (d) the addition ratio of the plasticizer, and the like. Can be done. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting at least one selected from these conditions, even if the same polyvinyl butyral resin is used, the hard polyvinyl butyral resin used for the outer layer 132 and the soft polyvinyl butyral resin used for the core layer 131 can be used. It is possible to make it separately from. Furthermore, the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin can also be controlled by the type of aldehyde used for acetalization, co-acetalization with a plurality of types of aldehydes, or pure acetalization with a single type of aldehyde. Although it cannot be said unconditionally, the polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by using an aldehyde having a large number of carbon atoms tends to be softer. Therefore, for example, when the outer layer 132 is made of polyvinyl butyraldehyde, the core layer 131 has an aldehyde having 5 or more carbon atoms (for example, n-hexylaldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-heptylaldehyde, etc.). A polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalizing n-octylaldehyde) with polyvinyl alcohol can be used. If a predetermined Young's modulus can be obtained, it is not limited to the above resins and the like.

The total thickness of the interlayer film 13 is not particularly specified, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferable to have. The thickness of the core layer 131 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm. On the other hand, the thickness of each outer layer 132 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. In addition, the total thickness of the interlayer film 13 can be kept constant, and the thickness of the core layer 131 can be adjusted.

The thicknesses of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 can be measured, for example, as follows. First, the cross section of the laminated glass is magnified 175 times and displayed by a microscope (for example, VH-5500 manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION). Then, the thicknesses of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 are visually specified and measured. At this time, in order to eliminate visual variations, the number of measurements is set to 5, and the average value is taken as the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132. For example, an enlarged photograph of the laminated glass as shown in FIG. 7 is taken, and the core layer and the outer layer 132 are specified among them and the thickness is measured.

The thicknesses of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 of the interlayer film 13 do not have to be constant over the entire surface, and may be wedge-shaped for laminated glass used in a head-up display, for example. In this case, the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 of the interlayer film 13 is measured at a portion having the smallest thickness, that is, a lowermost portion of the laminated glass. When the interlayer film 13 is wedge-shaped, the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate are not arranged in parallel, but such an arrangement is also included in the glass plate in the present invention. That is, the present invention includes, for example, the arrangement of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate when the intermediate film 13 using the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 whose thickness increases at a rate of change of 3 mm or less per 1 m is used. ..

The method for producing the interlayer film 13 is not particularly limited, but for example, a resin component such as the polyvinyl acetal resin described above, a plasticizer, and if necessary, other additives are blended and kneaded uniformly, and then each layer is collectively kneaded. Examples thereof include a method of extrusion molding with the above method, and a method of laminating two or more resin films produced by this method by a pressing method, a laminating method, or the like. The resin film before laminating used in the laminating method by a pressing method, a laminating method, or the like may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. Further, the interlayer film 13 can be formed by one layer in addition to being formed by a plurality of layers as described above.

<1-3. Infrared transmittance of glass plate>
As described above, the windshield according to the present embodiment is used for a front safety system of an automobile using a measurement unit such as a laser radar or a camera. In such a safety system, the vehicle in front is irradiated with infrared rays to measure the speed of the vehicle in front and the distance between vehicles. Therefore, the laminated glass (or a single glass plate) is required to achieve the infrared transmittance in a predetermined range.

As such a transmittance, for example, when a general sensor is used for a laser radar, it is 20% or more and 80% or less, and at least 20% or more and 60% or less with respect to light (infrared ray) having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm. It is said that it is useful to have it. As a method for measuring the transmittance, UV3100 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) can be used as a measuring device according to JIS R3106. Specifically, the transmission of light in one direction, which is irradiated at an angle of 90 degrees to the surface of the laminated glass, is measured.

In addition, some safety systems such as those described above use an infrared camera to measure the speed and distance between vehicles in front of the vehicle without using a laser radar. In that case, for example, a general camera for laser radar is used. When using, it is useful that the wavelength is 30% or more and 80% or less, preferably 40% or more and 60% or less with respect to light (infrared ray) having a wavelength of 700 to 800 nm. The method for measuring the transmittance follows ISO9050.

<2. Mask layer>
Next, the mask layer 2 will be described. A mask layer 2 as shown in FIG. 8 is formed on the glass plate 1 according to the present embodiment. The mask layer 2 is laminated on the glass plate, but its position is not particularly limited. For example, when the glass plate is formed of a single glass plate, the mask layer 2 can be laminated on the inner surface of the vehicle. On the other hand, when the glass plate is made of laminated glass as shown in FIG. 3, the inner surface of the outer glass plate 11 on the inner side of the car, the outer side of the inner glass plate 12 and the inner side of the inner glass plate 12 It can be laminated on at least one of the surfaces. Among these, for example, when the mask layer 2 having substantially the same shape is formed on both the inner surface of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12, the mask layer 2 is laminated. It is preferable because the curves of both glass plates 11 and 12 match. Note that FIG. 1 shows an example in which the mask layer 2 is formed on the inner surface of the glass plate 1.

The mask layer 2 is a dark-colored area for being invisible from the outside, such as when an adhesive is applied when the glass plate 1 is attached to the vehicle body, and is formed on the outer peripheral edge of the glass plate 1. The peripheral mask layer 21 and the peripheral mask layer 21 include a center mask layer 22 extending downward from the center of the upper edge of the glass plate 1. Then, the measurement unit 4 described above is attached to the center mask layer 22. As will be described later, the measurement unit 4 may be arranged so that the light emitted from the sensor 5 can pass through the center of the opening and receive the reflected light from the preceding vehicle and obstacles. These mask layers 2 can be formed of various materials, but are not particularly limited as long as they can shield the field of view from the outside of the vehicle. For example, a dark ceramic such as black is applied to the glass plate 1. It can be formed by

Next, the center mask layer 22 will be described. As shown in FIG. 9, the center mask layer 22 is formed in a rectangular shape extending in the vertical direction, and a trapezoidal opening 231 is formed inside the center mask layer 22.

The center mask layer 22 is divided into three regions, and is formed on an upper region 221 above the opening 231 and a lower region 222 below the upper region 221 including the opening 231 and a side portion of the lower region 222. It is composed of a small rectangular side region 223.

Next, the layer structure of each region will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the upper region 221 is formed of one layer by a first ceramic layer 241 made of black ceramic. The lower region 222 is formed of three layers including the first ceramic layer 241, the silver layer 242, and the second ceramic layer 243 laminated from the inner surface of the glass plate 1. The silver layer 242 is made of silver, and the second ceramic layer 243 is made of the same material as the first ceramic layer 241. Further, the side region 223 is formed of two layers, a first ceramic layer 241 and a silver layer 242 laminated from the inner surface of the glass plate 1, and the silver layer 242 is exposed inside the vehicle. The first ceramic layer 241 of the lowermost layer is common to each region, and the silver layer 242 of the second layer is common to the lower region 222 and the side region 223. The thickness of each of the ceramic layers 241 and 243 can be, for example, 10 to 20 μm in order to ensure the light-shielding property. Further, as will be described later, since the bracket of the measuring unit 4 is adhered to the center mask layer 22 formed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12 with an adhesive, this is also to ensure the adhesiveness. Such a thickness is preferable. This is because, for example, the urethane-silicone adhesive may be deteriorated by ultraviolet rays or the like.

The peripheral mask layer 21 and the center mask layer 22 can be formed, for example, as follows. First, the first ceramic layer 241 is applied onto the glass plate. The first ceramic layer 241 is common to the peripheral mask layer 21. Next, the silver layer 242 is applied onto the first ceramic layer 241 in the regions corresponding to the lower region 222 and the side region 223. Finally, the second ceramic layer 243 is applied to the region corresponding to the lower region 222. In the lower region 222, the region where the silver layer 242 is formed corresponds to the position where the sensor of the measurement unit 4 described later is arranged. Further, the silver layer 242 exposed in the side region 223 is provided with wiring for grounding. The ceramic layers 241,243 and the silver layer 242 can be formed by a screen printing method, but can also be produced by transferring a firing transfer film to a glass plate and firing.

The ceramic layers 241 and 243 can be formed of various materials, and can have, for example, the following composition.
* 1, Main component: Copper oxide, Chromium oxide, Iron oxide and Manganese oxide * 2, Main component: Bismuth borosilicate, Zinc borosilicate

Further, the silver layer 242 is also not particularly limited, but may have, for example, the following composition.

The screen printing conditions can be, for example, polyester screen: 355 mesh, coat thickness: 20 μm, tension: 20 Nm, squeegee hardness: 80 degrees, mounting angle: 75 °, printing speed: 300 mm / s, in a drying oven. The ceramic layer and the silver layer can be formed by drying at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes. When the first ceramic layer 241 and the silver layer 242 and the second ceramic layer 243 are laminated in this order, the screen printing and drying described above may be repeated.

The shape of the mask layer 2 is not particularly limited, and various shapes can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the lower end portion of the lower side of the opening 231 may be formed so as to extend straight in the horizontal direction. Further, the opening does not have to be closed, and may be, for example, an opening 231 whose lower end portion opens downward. The openings formed in the center mask layer 22 as described above have various aspects, but all of them are passages for irradiating or receiving light from the measurement unit 4 described below, that is, information. It becomes the acquisition area. Further, this information acquisition area may be the entire inside of the opening 231 or a part of the inside of the opening 231.

<3. Measurement unit>
Next, the measuring unit will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the measurement unit 4 attached to the glass plate, and FIG. 13 is a view (a) of the bracket viewed from the outside of the vehicle and a view (b) of the bracket viewed from the inside of the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 12, the measuring unit 4 mounts a bracket 41 fixed to the inner surface of the glass plate 1, a sensor (information acquisition device) 5 supported by the bracket 41, and the bracket 41 and the sensor 5 from the inside of the vehicle. It is composed of a cover 42 for covering.

As shown in FIG. 13, the bracket 41 is formed in a rectangular shape, and is fixed to the center mask layer 22 formed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12 as described above by the adhesive 401. Further, the bracket 41 is arranged vertically and has two openings partitioned by a partition portion 415, that is, a first opening 411 and a second opening 412, and a large first opening 411 formed on the upper side. The sensor 5 is attached to. Further, in this bracket, a trapezoidal recess 414 is formed below the second opening 412 when viewed from the outside of the vehicle. The concave portion 414 is inclined so that the upper end is the deepest and becomes shallower toward the lower end side, and a second opening 412 is formed at the upper end. Further, as shown in FIG. 13B, support portions 413 for supporting the sensor 5 are attached to both sides of the first opening 411 on the vehicle inner surface of the bracket 41, and the sensor 5 has both support portions. It is fixed between 413. An irradiation lens 552 is attached to the tip end portion (lower end portion in FIG. 12) of the fixed sensor 5, so that the irradiation lens 552 faces the outside through the second opening 412 and the recess 414. It has become. That is, the recess 414 forms a gap between the recess 414 and the glass plate, and serves as a passage for light emitted from the second opening 412. On the other hand, the light receiving lens 542 faces the outside through the first opening 411.

Further, as shown in FIG. 13A, the surface of the bracket 41 on the outside of the vehicle is a surface fixed to the center mask layer 22, and a bead-shaped adhesive 401 is applied. The adhesive 401 is applied to substantially the entire circumference of the bracket 41, and the bracket 41 is fixed to the center mask layer 22 via the adhesive 401. Various adhesives can be used, and for example, a urethane resin adhesive, an epoxy resin adhesive, or the like can be used. However, since the epoxy resin adhesive has high viscosity, it is difficult to flow and is advantageous. Further, when the mask layer 2 is not formed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12 on the vehicle side, the bracket 41 is directly adhered to the inner glass plate 12. The method of fixing the bracket 41 is not particularly limited, and a double-sided tape may be used in addition to the adhesive, or both the adhesive and the double-sided tape may be used.

After a harness or the like (not shown) is attached to the bracket 41, the cover 42 is attached from the inside of the vehicle as shown in FIG. As a result, the sensor 5 and the bracket 41 cannot be seen from the inside of the vehicle. In this way, the sensor 5 is housed in the space surrounded by the bracket 41, the cover 42, and the glass plate 1. Since the center mask layer 22 is formed, the measurement unit 4 cannot be seen from the outside of the vehicle except for the opening 231. Further, the opening 231 is surrounded by the bracket 41 so that it cannot be seen from the inside of the vehicle.

Next, the outline of the sensor 5 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in the figure, the sensor 5 includes a side-viewing triangular housing 51, and the inside of the housing 51 is divided into an upper space 501 and a lower space 502. A connector 53 is attached to the back side of the housing 51 and is used for connecting to an external device.

A first support portion 54 is arranged in the upper space 501, and a first control board 541 and a light receiving lens 542 are arranged in the first support portion 54 from the rear to the front. Further, a light receiving element 543 is mounted on the first control board 541 to receive the laser light that has passed through the light receiving lens 542 and convert it into an electric signal. This electric signal is amplified by the first control board 541 and transmitted to the second control board 56, which will be described later. Then, as described above, the light receiving lens 542 is arranged so as to face the outside from the first opening 411 of the bracket 41 through the opening 231 of the center mask layer 22. In particular, the sensor 5 is supported by the bracket 41 so that the passage path of the light X received by the light receiving element 543 passes through the opening 231. Further, the reflected light from multiple directions reflected from the preceding vehicle or an obstacle passes through the opening 231 and the light receiving element 543 receives the reflected light.

On the other hand, a second support portion 55 is arranged in the lower space 502, and the laser light emitting element 551 and the irradiation lens 552 are supported in this order from the rear to the front by the second support portion 55. The laser light emitting element 551 emits laser light having a wavelength in the near infrared wavelength range of 850 nm to 950 nm, such as a laser diode, and the irradiation lens 552 is a lens that forms the laser light from the laser light emitting element 551 into a predetermined beam shape. Is. As described above, the irradiation lens 552 is arranged so as to face the outside from the housing 51 through the second opening 412 of the bracket 41 and the opening 231 of the center mask layer 22. In particular, the position and size of the opening 231 and the mounting position of the sensor 5 are adjusted so that the passage path of the laser beam Y transmitted from the laser light emitting element 551 passes through the opening 231. As described above, the light X received by the sensor 5 and the light Y emitted from the sensor 5 pass through the opening 231 of the center mask layer, and the region in the glass plate 1 through which these lights pass is described above. Configure the information acquisition area.

Further, a second control board 56 is arranged on the upper surface of the second support portion 55, and drives the laser light emitting element 551, processes the electric signal transmitted from the first control board 541, and the like.

Next, the operation of the measurement unit 4 will be described. First, the first control board 541 emits a pulse of laser light from the laser light emitting element 551. Then, the distance between the preceding vehicle or obstacle and the own vehicle is calculated based on the time until the light receiving element 543 receives the reflected light reflected by the preceding vehicle or obstacle. The calculated distance is transmitted to an external device via the connector 53 and used for brake control and the like.

Further, a stereo camera can be used for the measurement unit 4. A known stereo camera can be used, but as a specific example, the stereo camera will be described below with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the stereo camera is arranged inside the glass plate and has two photographing devices 210A and 210B that are separated from each other so that two images with parallax can be acquired at the same time. doing. Correspondingly, the center mask layer 22 has two openings 113A corresponding to the respective photographing devices 210A and 210B so that the respective photographing devices 210A and 210B arranged in the vehicle can photograph the situation outside the vehicle. 113B is formed. These two openings 113A and 113B are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rearview mirror in the vicinity of the support portion of the rearview mirror.

Further, the stereo camera 20 is connected to the image processing device 30 and constitutes an in-vehicle system capable of analyzing the distance between the subject and the own vehicle from a plurality of images acquired by the stereo camera 20. Hereinafter, each component will be described.

As the photographing devices 210A and 210B of the stereo camera 20, known ones can be used, for example, a lens system having a plurality of lenses and an aperture diaphragm, and an image sensor such as a CCD that captures images by light passing through the lens system. , Can be provided. The image sensor images the subject by forming an image of the light that has passed through the lens system on the light receiving plane. The stereo camera 20 can simultaneously acquire a plurality of images with parallax by such imaging devices 210A and 210B.

The image processing device 30 is a device that analyzes a plurality of images acquired by the stereo camera 20 and analyzes the distance between the subject and the own vehicle, the moving speed of the subject, the type of the subject, and the like, and a known one is used. Can be done. Such an image processing device has general hardware such as a storage unit, a control unit, and an input / output unit connected by a bus as a hardware configuration. By using the stereo camera 20 as described above, it is possible to measure the distance to the preceding obstacle as in the sensor 5 described above, and it is also possible to recognize obstacles such as pedestrians by image processing. ..

Further, the configuration of the measurement unit 4 is not particularly limited, and only one camera can be mounted for pedestrian recognition. In this case, a millimeter-wave radar can be provided on another part of the vehicle body (for example, the front grill) to measure the distance to an obstacle. Alternatively, the sensor 5 described above and one camera can be mounted.

<4. Heating wire ＞
As described above, in the present embodiment, the measurement unit 4 irradiates light through the opening 231 of the mask layer or receives the light to acquire information, but the portion of the glass plate 1 corresponding to the opening 231 is obtained. That is, when the information acquisition area becomes cloudy, accurate information cannot be acquired. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a heating wire 8 composed of a conducting wire is provided in the information acquisition region, and heating is performed by applying an electric current to the heating wire 8 to prevent fogging. Since there are various wiring methods for such a heating wire 8 according to the configuration of the measurement unit 4 and the form of the mask layer 2, a plurality of aspects will be described below. The form of the mask layer in the following example is an example, and heating wires can be arranged for various mask layers.

<4-1. First aspect of heating wire>
FIG. 16 shows a first aspect of the heating wire 8. In the figure, the mask layer is omitted and only the opening 231 is shown. The heating wire 8 is arranged near the upper edge of the glass plate 1 and includes a pair of rectangular terminal portions 81 and 82 to which a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a power source are connected. Hereinafter, the terminal portion connected to the positive electrode will be referred to as a first terminal portion 81, and the terminal portion connected to the negative electrode will be referred to as a second terminal portion 82. From the first terminal portion 81, a first wiring portion 83 extending downward and further extending along the side edge of one of the openings 231 of the mask layer 2 (left side in the figure) is formed. The first wiring portion 83 extends to the vicinity of the lower end of the opening 231. On the other hand, from the second terminal portion 82, a second wiring portion 84 extending downward and further extending to the vicinity of the upper end of the side edge of the other side (right side in the figure) of the opening 231 is formed.

A third wiring portion 85 is arranged between the lower end of the first wiring portion 83 and the lower end of the second wiring portion 84. The third wiring portion 85 is formed in an S shape in which five linear parts are connected. Here, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth parts 85a to 85e are referred to in order from the first wiring portion 83 side. Of these, the first, third and fifth parts 85a, 85c and 85e are arranged so as to cross the opening 231. The three parts 85a, 85c, and 85e are tilted at an angle α of 30 degrees or less with respect to the horizontal direction. This is because, for example, when taking a picture of the outside of a vehicle with a camera and performing image processing, if the heating wire 8 extends in the horizontal direction, the heating wire 8 blocks all the pixels on the scanning line in the horizontal direction. is there. The line width of the first to third wiring portions 83 to 85 is preferably, for example, 50 to 3000 μm, and more preferably 100 to 300 μm. It should be noted that such a configuration referred to as a part corresponds to a constituent portion of the present invention. The same applies to the following second to fifth aspects in this regard.

As described above, the heating wire 8 is connected to the power supply (voltage is constant) in series with the first terminal portion 81, the first wiring portion 83, the second wiring portion 84, the third wiring portion 85, and the first. It is composed of two terminal portions 82. Then, since heat is generated by applying an electric current, it is possible to prevent fogging from occurring in the opening 231 and to remove the fogging that has occurred.

By the way, the three wiring portions 83 to 85 are configured by connecting linear conducting wires, and the angle formed by the conducting wires at the connecting portion is an acute angle or an obtuse angle. In the present embodiment, the acute-angled connecting portions (four points surrounded by the circle in the figure) are formed in an arc shape, and the radius of curvature thereof is 1 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm. ing. This is due to the following reasons. Generally, when the glass plate 1 is heated for anti-fog, the current value is controlled so that the upper limit of the heating temperature is, for example, 70 to 80 ° C. in order to prevent the occurrence of glass cracks. Is required. In particular, when the heating region is close to the edge of the glass plate, tensile stress due to the temperature difference between the heating region and the edge of the glass plate may act. As a result, there is a problem that cracks are likely to occur from the end portion of the glass plate. Such cracking is particularly remarkable in laminated glass when the thickness of the inner glass plate on which the heating wire is arranged is 2 mm or less.

However, in the portion of the heating wire 8 formed at an acute angle, local heat generation is likely to occur because the conducting wires are close to each other. If there is such local heat generation, it is necessary to control the current value with that portion as the upper limit value of the heating temperature, and the heating temperature of other portions may decrease. As a result, there is a problem that the heating wire 8 cannot be controlled so as to generate sufficient heat as a whole. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the acute-angled connecting portion is formed in an arc shape so that local heat generation does not occur in the acute-angled connecting portion. As a result, local heat generation can be prevented, so that the heating wire 8 can also be controlled so as to be able to sufficiently generate heat as a whole.

If the radius of curvature of the connecting portion is smaller than 1 mm, the above-mentioned local heat generation may occur. On the other hand, if the radius of curvature is larger than 10 mm, the arc-shaped connecting portion may enter the opening 231 and the portion crossing the opening 231 may not be formed only by a straight line, which may deteriorate the appearance. .. As described above, in addition to forming only the acute-angled connecting portion in an arc shape, it is also possible to reliably prevent local heat generation by forming all the connecting portions in an arc shape.

Next, the material and manufacturing method of the heating wire 8 will be described, but the following description is the same for the second to fifth aspects of the heating wire. The heating wire 8 as described above can be formed of various materials as long as it is a conductive material, and for example, silver can be used. In addition to using silver alone, it is also possible to adopt a laminated structure in which the heating wire 8 is coated with at least one layer of a covering material. For example, a dark ceramic layer similar to the mask layer 2 may be arranged on the glass plate 1 as a coating material, and a heating wire 8 made of silver may be formed on the glass plate 1. In this way, the silver heating wire 8 cannot be seen from the outside of the vehicle, so that the appearance is improved. In particular, if the ceramic layer and the mask layer 2 have the same color, there is no sense of discomfort when viewed from the outside of the vehicle. Further, the heating wire 8 can be sandwiched between the covering materials. That is, it is also possible to have a three-layer structure in which the coating material is arranged on the glass plate 1, the heating wire 8 is arranged on the glass plate 1, and the coating material is further arranged so as to cover the heating wire 8. As a result, the heating wire 8 cannot be seen from the inside of the vehicle. In particular, if the silver layer is exposed to the opening 231 through which light passes, the light may be reflected and hinder the passage of light, which is not preferable. Therefore, if a dark ceramic layer is formed as a covering material on the silver layer, the silver layer cannot be seen from the inside of the vehicle. Further, since the heating wire 8 is arranged on the inner surface of the glass plate 1, there is a possibility that the bracket is attached on the heating wire 8 via an adhesive. In this case, the components of the adhesive may corrode silver. Therefore, from this point of view as well, coating silver with a ceramic layer can prevent silver from being affected by the adhesive.

The layer structure including such a heating wire 8 can have various aspects. For example, the terminal portions 81 and 82 described above are two layers (ceramic layer and silver layer are laminated in this order from the glass plate side), and the wiring portions 83, 84 and 85 are three layers (ceramic layer and silver layer from the glass plate side). The ceramic layers are laminated in this order), and only the third wiring portion 85 passing through the opening 231 of the mask layer 2 can be formed of only the silver layer. The line width of the covering material is preferably larger than that of the heating wire. Further, the covering material for coating the silver layer may be other than ceramic.

In arranging the heating wire 8, the mask layer 2 can be arranged on different surfaces of the laminated glass as described above. For example, the mask layer 2 can be formed on the inner surface side of the outer glass plate 11 as shown in FIG. 3, and the heating wire can be formed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12. Alternatively, the mask layer 2 can be formed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12, and the heating wire 8 can be formed on the mask layer 2.

The heating wire 8 as described above can be arranged on the glass plate by various methods. For example, after the glass plate 1 is formed, the heating wire 8 can be formed by forming the glass plate 1 on the glass plate by screen printing or the like and firing the glass plate 1 in the same manner as the mask layer. When the mask layer 2 is formed on the same surface of the glass plate 1, printing can be performed together with the mask layer 2 and fired at the same time. In addition, it can also be formed on the glass plate 1 by transfer. An example is shown below.

First, as shown in FIG. 17, a transfer sheet is prepared. The transfer sheet has a release film 101, a heating wire 8 formed on the release film 101 by screen printing or the like, and an adhesive layer 102 arranged so as to cover the heating wire 8. The release film 101 is a known one, and the heating wire 8 is the one described above. Further, as the adhesive layer 102, resins such as acrylic, methyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl alcohol and polyester can be used, and the adhesive is an adhesive alone or a mixture thereof. The adhesive layer 102 can be covered with a peelable protective film or the like until the transfer.

Then, as shown in FIG. 18A, the adhesive layer 102 of the transfer sheet is attached to the molded glass plate 1, and then the release film 101 is peeled off. As a result, as shown in FIG. 18B, the adhesive layer 102 and the heating wire 8 are arranged in this order on the glass plate 1. After that, when the glass plate 1 is fired, the adhesive layer 102 is melted and the heating wire 8 is fired on the glass plate as shown in FIG. 18C. For example, when an acrylic adhesive is used as the adhesive layer 102, the heating wire can be transferred to the glass plate by firing at about 400 to 700 ° C. for about 3 minutes. This transfer sheet is an example, and any transfer sheet may be used as long as the heating wire 8 can be transferred onto the glass plate 1. For example, the transfer sheet described in JP-A-2009-23255. Can be used.

As described above, forming the heating wire 8 with the transfer sheet has the following advantages. First, it is easier and more flexible to form the heating wire 8 on the release film 101 than to form it directly on the glass plate 1. For example, it becomes easy to manufacture a high-structured pattern, a laminated body, and the like. Further, if a large amount of such a transfer film is produced, the productivity when forming the heating wire 8 on the glass plate 1 is improved. Further, the uneven surface can also be attached and formed.

<4-2. Second aspect of heating wire>
FIG. 19 shows a second aspect of the heating wire 8. In FIG. 19, the mask layer is omitted and only the opening 231 is shown. As shown in the figure, the heating wire 8 has a first terminal portion 81 arranged near the upper edge of the glass plate 1 and a second terminal portion 82 connected to the negative electrode, as in the first aspect. ing. Then, from the first terminal portion 81, a first wiring portion 83 extending horizontally to the left side and further extending downward to the vicinity of the upper edge of the opening 500 is formed. Similarly, from the second terminal portion 82, a second wiring portion 84 extending horizontally to the right side and further downward extending to the vicinity of the upper edge of the opening 500 is formed. As described above, the first wiring portion 83 and the second wiring portion 84 are both formed in an L shape, but the corner portions thereof are formed in an arc shape. A third wiring portion 85 extending along the outer circumference of the opening 231 is formed from the lower ends of the first wiring portion 83 and the second wiring portion 84. The third wiring portion 85 is configured by connecting five linearly extending parts, that is, the first to fifth parts 85a to 85e so as to surround the trapezoidal opening, and each part 85a is formed. ~ 85e is formed in a waveform. Then, as shown in the first aspect, the connecting portion of these parts 85a to 85e is formed in an arc shape (a portion surrounded by a circle in the figure).

By arranging the heating wire 8 around the opening 231 in this way, heat can be transferred to the inside of the opening 231 and fogging in the opening 231 can be prevented. The reason why the parts 85a to 85e of the heating wire 8 of the second aspect are formed in a waveform is to increase the total length of the heating wire 8 and increase the resistance. As a result, the current value does not become too large with respect to a constant power supply voltage (generally, the voltage is 12 V or the like), and heat generation can be controlled while preventing disconnection of the heating wire 8.

<4-3. Third aspect of heating wire>
FIG. 20 shows a third aspect of the heating wire. In FIG. 20, the mask layer is omitted and only the opening 231 is shown. As shown in the figure, since the heating wire 8 has the same aspect as the second aspect, only the part different from the second aspect will be described here. The heating wire 8 of the third aspect is different from the third wiring portion 85 surrounding the opening 231. That is, the third wiring portion 85 is not formed in a corrugated shape, but has 11 linear parts, that is, the first to eleventh parts 85a to 85k so as to double surround the opening 231. It is formed by connecting. Specifically, it is as follows. First, the third wiring portion 85 extends from the lower end of the first wiring portion 83 to the right side along the upper end of the opening 231 (first part 85a), and further passes through the right side of the opening 231 (second part 85b). It extends to near the center of the lower side of the opening 231 (third part 85c). Then, the third wiring portion 85 is folded inward from here, surrounds the periphery of the opening 231 and extends to the vicinity of the center of the lower side of the opening 231 (fourth to eighth parts 85d to 85h). Then, it is folded outward from here, passes through the lower side of the opening 231 (9th part 85i), the left side of the opening 231 (10th part 85j), and the upper side of the opening 231 (11th part 85k), and the second wiring. It is connected to the unit 84.

As described above, the third wiring portion 85 is composed of 11 linear parts 85a to 85k so as to double surround the opening 231. The connecting portion (the portion surrounded by the circle in the figure) of these parts 85a to 85k is formed in an arc shape. Further, laterally extending protrusions 831, 841 are formed near the lower ends of the first wiring portion 83 and the second wiring portion 84, respectively. In order to increase the resistance, the heating wire 8 is formed. It is for increasing the length of.

By arranging the heating wire 8 around the opening 231 in this way, heat can be transferred to the inside of the opening 231 and fogging in the opening 231 can be prevented. Further, in addition to the connecting portions of the linear parts 85a to 85k, the corner portions of the first and second wiring portions 83 and 84 are also formed in an arc shape to prevent local heat generation.

<4-4. Fourth aspect of heating wire>
FIG. 21 shows a fourth aspect of the heating wire 8. In this aspect, the measurement unit 4 is provided with a camera and a sensor. In FIG. 21, the upper part of the mask layer 2 is omitted. The first wiring portion 83 and the second wiring portion 84 are formed in a substantially U shape, and each end portion extends to the vicinity of the upper edge of the opening 231. Further, two protrusions 831, 841 extending laterally are formed in the vicinity of these ends, respectively, in order to increase the length of the heating wire 8 in order to increase the resistance. Is.

Then, a third wiring portion 85 connecting the lower ends of the first wiring portion 83 and the second wiring portion 84 is formed. The third wiring portion 85 is formed in a U shape that opens to the left as a whole. Specifically, the third wiring portion 85 connects nine linear parts, that is, the first to ninth parts 85a to 85i. That is, the third wiring portion 85 extends to the right from the lower end of the first wiring portion 83 (first part 85a) and extends downward from there (second part 85b). Then, it extends from the lower end to the left side (third part 85c) and further upwards (fourth part 85d). From there, it extends to the right (fifth part 85e) and further upwards (sixth part 85f). It extends from the upper end to the left side (7th part 85g), further upwards (8th part 85h), then to the right side (9th part 85i), and is connected to the lower end of the second wiring portion 84.

Of these nine parts 85a to 85i, the second to seventh parts 85b to 85g are arranged inside the opening 231. Further, as described above, in this embodiment, the measurement unit 4 is provided with the camera and the sensor, and inside the opening 231 there is a first information acquisition region D through which the light incident on the camera passes, and the sensor. A second information acquisition area through which the light and the light from the sensor pass is provided. The first information acquisition area D is located on the left side inside the opening 231 and is crossed by the third and fifth parts 85c and 85e. That is, except for the third and fifth parts 85c and 85e, they are arranged outside the first information acquisition area D. Therefore, only the two parts 85c and 85e of the heating wire 8 pass through the first information acquisition region D, which is the region where the light incident on the camera is incident, and thereby the first information acquisition region S is protected from fogging. ing. In the acquisition of an image by a camera, if the glass plate 1 is cloudy, accurate shooting cannot be performed, so the anti-fog effect is particularly important. On the other hand, the second information acquisition area is located on the right side inside the opening 231 but the positional relationship with each part is not particularly limited.

Further, the connecting portions of the parts 85a to 85i constituting the third wiring portion 85 and the corner portions of the first and second wiring portions 83 and 84 are formed in an arc shape to prevent local heat generation. I am doing it.

<4-5. Fifth aspect of heating wire>
FIG. 22 shows a fifth aspect of the heating wire 8. The fifth aspect of the heating wire 8 is almost the same as the fourth aspect, but the configuration of the eighth part 85h is different. That is, while the eighth part 85h is formed in a U shape, it extends downward on the mask layer 2 on the left side of the opening 231. By extending the eighth part 85h in this way, the length of the third wiring portion 85 becomes longer, and the resistance becomes larger. Therefore, in the fourth aspect, the protrusions 831, 841 provided in the first and second wiring portions 83, 84 can be omitted. Other configurations are the same as those in the fourth aspect, and the connecting portion connecting the parts 85a to 85i is formed in an arc shape.

<5. Windshield manufacturing method>
Next, an example of a method for manufacturing a windshield will be described. First, the glass plate production line will be described.

As shown in FIG. 23, the heating furnace 901 and the molding apparatus 902 are arranged in this order from upstream to downstream in this production line. A roller conveyor 903 is arranged from the heating furnace 901 to the molding apparatus 902 and the downstream side thereof, and the glass plate 10 to be processed is conveyed by the roller conveyor 903. The glass plate 10 is formed in a flat plate shape before being carried into the heating furnace 901, and after the above-mentioned mask layer 2 is laminated on the glass plate 10, the glass plate 10 is carried into the heating furnace 901.

The heating furnace 901 can have various configurations, and can be, for example, an electric heating furnace. The heating furnace 901 includes a square tubular furnace body whose upstream and downstream ends are open, and a roller conveyor 903 is arranged inside the furnace from upstream to downstream. Heaters (not shown) are arranged on the upper surface, the lower surface, and the pair of side surfaces of the inner wall surface of the furnace body, respectively, and the temperature at which the glass plate 10 passing through the heating furnace 901 can be formed, for example, the softening point of the glass. Heat to the vicinity.

The molding apparatus 902 is configured to press the glass plate with the upper die 921 and the lower die 922 to form a predetermined shape. The upper mold 921 has a downwardly convex curved surface shape that covers the entire upper surface of the glass plate 10, and is configured to be movable up and down. Further, the lower mold 922 is formed in a frame shape corresponding to the peripheral edge portion of the glass plate 10, and the upper surface thereof has a curved surface shape corresponding to the upper mold 921. With this configuration, the glass plate 10 is press-molded between the upper die 921 and the lower die 922 to form a final curved surface shape. Further, a roller conveyor 903 is arranged in the frame of the lower mold 922, and the roller conveyor 903 can move up and down so as to pass through the frame of the lower mold 922. Although not shown, a slow cooling device (not shown) is arranged on the downstream side of the molding device 902 to cool the molded glass plate.

The roller conveyor 903 as described above is known, and a plurality of rollers 931 rotatably supported at both ends are arranged at predetermined intervals. There are various methods for driving each roller 931. For example, a sprocket can be attached to the end of each roller 931 and a chain can be wound around each sprocket to drive the roller 931. Then, by adjusting the rotation speed of each roller 931, the transport speed of the glass plate 10 can also be adjusted. The lower mold 922 of the molding apparatus 902 may be in contact with the entire surface of the glass plate 10. In addition, the molding apparatus 902 is not particularly limited in the form of the upper mold and the lower mold as long as it molds a glass plate.

When the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 are formed in this way, the interlayer film 13 is subsequently sandwiched between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, placed in a rubber bag, and sucked under reduced pressure. While pre-bonding at about 70 to 110 ° C. Other methods of pre-adhesion are possible. For example, the interlayer film 13 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 and heated in an oven at 45 to 65 ° C. Subsequently, the laminated glass is pressed by a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. Next, the laminated glass is heated again in the oven at 80 to 105 ° C., and then pressed again with a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. In this way, the pre-bonding is completed.

Next, the main bonding is performed. The pre-bonded laminated glass is main-bonded by an autoclave, for example, at 8 to 15 atm and 100 to 150 ° C. Specifically, for example, the main bonding can be performed at 14 atm and 145 ° C. In this way, the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is manufactured.

When one piece of glass is used as the glass plate, one of the above-mentioned glasses may be used. The method for manufacturing a glass plate is also the same. After forming a mask layer on the inner surface of the glass plate, heating is performed, and then the glass plate is formed into a curved surface.

Then, the heating wire 8 is formed on the inner surface of the inner glass plate by the method described above.

<6. Features>
<6-1>
According to the windshield described above, the following effects can be obtained. First, by laminating the heating wire 8 on the opening 231 of the mask layer 2, fogging of the opening 231 can be prevented. Therefore, when the measurement unit irradiates or receives light through the opening 231, the cloudiness of the opening 231 hinders the passage of light, and it is possible to prevent problems such as inability to perform accurate measurement. ..

In particular, the upper part of the vehicle interior where the opening 231 of the mask layer 2 is provided tends to be cold and cloudy even when the heating is turned on. Therefore, it is advantageous that the heating wire 8 is laminated at such a position. Further, the opening 231 of the mask layer 2 on which the heating wires 8 are laminated is arranged with the measuring units facing each other or surrounded by the bracket 41. Therefore, there is a problem that warm air from heating or defroster is difficult to reach. Therefore, as described above, it is of great significance to provide an anti-fog film in a region where warm air is difficult to reach.

<6-2>
Further, as described above, the connecting portion of the heating wire 8 is formed in an arc shape so as not to generate local heat. As a result, local heat generation can be prevented, so that the heating wire 8 can also be controlled so as to be able to sufficiently generate heat as a whole.

<7. Modification example>
Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The following modifications can be combined as appropriate.

<7-1>
The configuration of the heating wire in the above embodiment is merely an example and can be in various modes. That is, the wiring shape and length of the heating wire can be appropriately set, and the relationship with the opening of the mask layer can also be appropriately set. The opening shape of the mask layer shown in the above embodiment and the heating wire can be appropriately set. Can be combined as appropriate.

<7-2>
The mask layer 2 has a three-layer structure as described above, but the mask layer 2 is not limited to this. That is, in the above embodiment, the silver layer 242 is provided in order to shield electromagnetic waves, but a method of providing a single layer in which silver and a ceramic layer are mixed, or if electromagnetic waves can be shielded, other materials such as , Copper, nickel, etc. may be laminated. Further, although the silver layer 242 is sandwiched between ceramic layers so as not to be seen from the outside, a member such as the cover described above can be used in addition to covering with the ceramic layer. Further, it is not always necessary to provide the silver layer 242 which is a shielding layer of electromagnetic waves, and at least it may be a layer which cannot be seen from the outside.

The mask layer 2 may be other than black, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a dark color such as brown, gray, or navy blue that shields the field of view from the outside of the vehicle and makes the inside of the vehicle invisible. Further, a part or all of the mask layer may be formed of a shielding film that can be attached to a glass plate, thereby shielding the field of view from the outside of the vehicle. When the shielding film is attached to the outer surface of the inner glass plate 12 on the vehicle side, it can be attached before the pre-adhesion or after the main adhesion.

Further, from the viewpoint of preventing fogging of the light passage in the glass plate, the mask layer is not always necessary, and a heating wire may be formed in a region through which light passes (information acquisition region).

<7-3>
In the above embodiment, the sensor 5 for measuring the inter-vehicle distance is used as the information acquisition device of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various information acquisition devices can be used. That is, it is not particularly limited as long as it irradiates and / or receives light in order to acquire information from the outside of the vehicle. For example, a visible light and / or infrared camera for measuring the distance between vehicles, a light receiving device that receives signals from outside the vehicle such as an optical beacon, and a camera that uses visible light and / or infrared rays that read white lines on the road as images. It can be applied to various devices such as. Further, the number of openings in the center mask layer can be appropriately changed according to the type of the information acquisition device. For example, light irradiation and light reception can be performed through dedicated openings. The information acquisition device may or may not be in contact with the glass plate. In any case, in the glass plate, a heating wire is formed in a region (information acquisition region) through which the light of the information acquisition device passes.

1 Glass plate 2 Mask layer 231 Aperture (information acquisition area)
113A, 113B opening (information acquisition area)

Claims (6)

A windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle can be placed by irradiating and receiving light, or either .
With a glass plate
A heating wire provided on the glass plate to which an electric current is applied and
With
The glass plate has at least one information acquisition region facing the information acquisition device and through which the light passes.
The heating wire is configured by connecting a plurality of linearly extending constituent parts at least inside and around the information acquisition region , or one of them .
Of the connecting portions in which the constituent portions are connected to each other, at least the connecting portion having an acute angle formed by the constituent portions is formed in an arc shape .
A mask layer formed on the glass plate to shield the field of view from the outside of the vehicle and further provided with a mask layer having at least one opening.
At least a part of the opening of the mask layer corresponds to the information acquisition area.
At least one of the plurality of components is a windshield arranged so as to traverse the opening of the mask layer . A windshield in which an information acquisition device that acquires information from outside the vehicle can be placed by irradiating and receiving light, or either.
With a glass plate
A heating wire provided on the glass plate to which an electric current is applied and
With
The glass plate has at least one information acquisition region facing the information acquisition device and through which the light passes.
The heating wire is configured by connecting a plurality of linearly extending constituent parts at least inside and around the information acquisition region, or one of them.
Of the connecting portions in which the constituent portions are connected to each other, at least the connecting portion having an acute angle formed by the constituent portions is formed in an arc shape.
The information acquisition device includes at least one camera.
A mask layer formed on the glass plate to shield the field of view from the outside of the vehicle and further provided with a mask layer having at least one opening.
A part of the opening of the mask layer corresponds to the information acquisition area for incident light on the camera.
Wherein at least one of the plurality of components, that are arranged so as to cross the information acquisition area, windshield. The windshield according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a part of the plurality of components is arranged along the outer edge of the opening of the mask layer. The windshield according to claim 1 , wherein the number of the constituent parts across the opening of the mask layer is 2 to 10. The windshield according to claim 2 , wherein the number of the constituent parts crossing the information acquisition area is 2 to 10. The windshield according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein all the connecting portions are formed in an arc shape.