JP7259547B2 - laminated glass - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to laminated glass.

BACKGROUND ART In recent years, researches on collision avoidance, driving assistance, automatic driving, etc. have been conducted using technology for detecting objects around a vehicle using a radar device. Such a radar device may be placed in front of the vehicle body such as the front grill, or may be placed inside the vehicle.

When the radar device is installed inside the vehicle, the radar wave is attenuated by reflection and absorption by the glass sheets that form the laminated glass such as the windshield. A radar device uses high-frequency radio waves such as millimeter waves with a wavelength of 60 GHz to 100 GHz for the purpose of improving resolution, so attenuation of the high-frequency radio waves when passing through a glass plate cannot be ignored.

Therefore, a technique has been proposed to improve the transparency of radio waves of a given frequency by changing a part of the glass sheets that make up the laminated glass to a radio wave-transmitting material that has a small transmission loss for radio waves of a given frequency used in radar equipment. It is

WO2017/188415

However, some radio wave transmitting members having a small transmission loss for radio waves of a predetermined frequency used in radar devices are vulnerable to ultraviolet rays, and there is a risk that the radio wave transmitting members may be deteriorated by the ultraviolet rays passing through the glass plate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to suppress deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member due to ultraviolet rays in a laminated glass provided with a radio wave transmitting member having a small transmission loss for radio waves of a predetermined frequency. and

The laminated glass is a laminated glass having an intermediate film between a vehicle-exterior glass plate and a vehicle-interior glass plate, and a first region where the vehicle-interior glass plate is located on the vehicle-interior side of the vehicle-exterior glass plate. and a second region where a radio wave transmitting member is located, the vehicle-exterior glass plate is inorganic glass, and a light-shielding layer is provided on the vehicle-exterior side of the radio wave transmitting member, and the light-shielding layer has at least The light shielding layer overlaps the entire second region and has a visible light transmittance of 1% or less and an ultraviolet transmittance of 1% or less. The transmittance T(F) of radio waves of frequency F (GHz) incident at an angle of incidence of 67.5° to the substrate satisfies the following formula (1) in the range of 60 GHz ≤ F ≤ 100 GHz.
T(F)>−0.0061×F+0.9384 (1)

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, in a laminated glass including a radio wave transmitting member having a small transmission loss for radio waves of a predetermined frequency, deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member due to ultraviolet rays can be suppressed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a top view which illustrates the laminated glass which concerns on 1st Embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is sectional drawing which illustrates the laminated glass which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 1 is an exploded view of a laminated glass; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the laminated glass according to the first embodiment is attached to an opening formed in front of a vehicle; FIG. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of an S portion in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 5; FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating a laminated glass according to a second embodiment; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a laminated glass according to a second embodiment; It is a figure explaining the modification 1 of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the modification 2 of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the modification 3 of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the modification 4 of 2nd Embodiment. 1 is a plan view of a laminated glass for evaluation; FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glass for evaluation; FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram (part 1) for explaining perspective distortion evaluation; FIG. 11 is a diagram (part 2) for explaining perspective distortion evaluation;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted. Also, in the drawings, the sizes and shapes may be partially exaggerated in order to facilitate understanding of the contents of the present invention.

Although a vehicle windshield will be described below as an example, it is not limited to this, and the laminated glass according to the present embodiment can be applied to other than vehicle windshields, such as side glass and rear glass. is.

Further, in the following description, the term “planar view” refers to viewing a predetermined region of the laminated glass from the direction normal to the main surface of the laminated glass, and the term “planar shape” refers to viewing a predetermined region of the laminated glass from the direction normal to the main surface of the laminated glass. It refers to the shape viewed from the line direction.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating the laminated glass according to the first embodiment, and schematically shows a state in which the glass plate 12 side is directed toward the front side of the paper. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the laminated glass according to the first embodiment, showing an enlarged cross-section along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the laminated glass, showing a state in which the laminated glass 10 shown in FIGS.

In FIGS. 1 to 3, for convenience of explanation, the laminated glass 10 is illustrated with the actual curved shape omitted.

In the following description, reference numeral _10-1 will be referred to as the upper edge portion of the laminated glass 10, reference numeral _10-2 will be referred to as the lower edge portion, reference numeral _10-3 will be referred to as the left edge portion, and reference numeral _10-4 will be referred to as the right edge portion. . Here, when the laminated glass 10 is attached to a right-hand drive vehicle, the upper edge refers to the edge on the roof side of the vehicle, the lower edge refers to the edge on the engine room side, and the left edge refers to the edge on the passenger side for right-hand drive vehicles, and the right edge refers to the edge on the driver's side for right-hand drive vehicles.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the laminated glass 10 includes a glass plate 11 that is a vehicle-exterior glass plate, a glass plate 12 that is a vehicle-interior glass plate, an intermediate film 13, a radio wave transmitting member 14, and an adhesive layer. 15 and a light shielding layer 16 . Also, the laminated glass 10 includes a first region _E1 where the glass plate 12 is positioned on the vehicle inner side of the glass plate 11 and a second region _E2 where the radio wave transmitting member 14 is positioned on the vehicle inner side of the glass plate 11 .

In the first region _E1 , the glass plate 12 faces the glass plate 11 and is fixed to the glass plate 11 with the intermediate film 13 interposed therebetween. The intermediate film 13 may be formed of multiple layers of intermediate films. A notch 121 is provided in the upper edge of the glass plate 12 .

In the second region _E2 , the radio wave transmitting member 14 faces the glass plate 11 and is fixed to the glass plate 11 via the adhesive layer 15 and the light shielding layer 16. As shown in FIG. The radio wave transmitting member 14 is fitted into the notch 121 of the glass plate 12 . Note that the intermediate film 13 may be used instead of the adhesive layer 15 . That is, the intermediate film 13 may be provided on the entire surface 11 b of the glass plate 11 on the vehicle interior side, and the radio wave transmission member 14 may be fixed to the glass plate 11 via the intermediate film 13 .

The second region _E2 is formed in a portion where high radio wave transmittance for radio waves with a frequency of 60 GHz to 100 GHz is required, depending on the application of the laminated glass 10 . For example, when the laminated glass 10 is used as window glass for an automobile, the second region _E2 is formed around an information device that transmits and receives millimeter waves such as a millimeter wave radar. Therefore, in addition to the structure in which the glass plate 12 is notched and the radio wave transmitting member 14 is fitted as shown in FIG. In this specification, evaluations such as high/low radio wave permeability refer to radio wave permeability with respect to frequencies of 60 GHz to 100 GHz unless otherwise specified.

The shape of the radio wave transmitting member 14 is arbitrary, but the thickness is preferably 0.3 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, and still more preferably 1.0 mm or more from the viewpoint of handling. From the viewpoint of lightness, the thickness is preferably 2.3 mm or less, more preferably 2.0 mm or less.

The area of the radio wave transmitting member 14 is preferably 400 mm ² or more, more preferably 1000 mm ² or more, still more preferably 4000 mm ² or more, even more preferably 10000 mm ² or more, and 40000 mm ² or more. is particularly preferred. The larger the area of the radio wave transmitting member 14, the easier it is to arrange an information device for transmitting and receiving millimeter waves, such as a millimeter wave radar, on the vehicle interior side of the radio wave transmitting member 14. FIG.

1 to 3, the laminated glass 10 includes one radio wave transmitting member 14, but the number of radio wave transmitting members 14 is not limited to this, and the laminated glass 10 includes a plurality of radio wave transmitting members 14. You may prepare. That is, the laminated glass 10 may have a plurality of second regions _E2 . For example, there is a case where a plurality of information devices for transmitting and receiving millimeter waves are arranged inside the laminated glass 10 . In that case, the area mentioned above is the area of each radio wave transmitting member 14 .

The material of the radio wave transmitting member 14 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can increase the permeability of a predetermined millimeter wave, but a material with a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss is preferable, and a member made of a material with a low dielectric loss is particularly preferable. Used. Specifically, the radio wave transmitting member 14 is, for example, a resin such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyvinyl chloride, fluorine resin, polycarbonate, cycloolefin polymer resin, syndiotactic polystyrene resin, modified polyphenylene ether, urethane resin, polystyrene. contains at least one or more materials selected from Further, the radio wave transmitting member 14 may be, for example, an inorganic glass having a low dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss, and an example thereof is non-alkali glass.

As the adhesive layer 15, for example, an acrylic adhesive, a silicone adhesive, a urethane adhesive, or the like is used. Alternatively, the radio wave transmitting member 14 may be fixed by the intermediate film 13 without providing the adhesive layer 15 separately. For example, in FIG. 2, the intermediate film 13 may exist up to the upper side of the laminated glass 10 . The thicknesses of the adhesive layer 15 and the radio wave transmitting member 14 are appropriately set. It may differ from the plate thickness.

The light shielding layer 16 is provided, for example, on the surface 11b of the glass plate 11 on the inside of the vehicle. A test area B defined by JIS R 3212 (2015) is defined in the laminated glass 10, and the light shielding layer 16 is arranged outside the test area B in plan view.

The light-shielding layer 16 includes, for example, a light-shielding region _16-1 formed along the upper edge _10-1 of the laminated glass 10, a light-shielding region _16-2 formed along the lower edge _10-2 , and a left edge _10-3 . , a light-shielding region _16-4 formed along the right edge ₁₀₄ , and a protruding portion _16-5 protruding from the _light -shielding region _16-1 toward the center of the laminated glass 10 in plan view. including. The planar shape of the projecting portion ₁₆₅ is, for example, an isosceles trapezoid, a rectangle, a fan shape, or the like.

The light shielding layer 16 is provided on the vehicle exterior side of the radio wave transmitting member 14 . Specifically, the light shielding layer 16 is arranged so as to overlap at least the entire second region _E2 in plan view. That is, the light shielding layer 16 is arranged so as to overlap at least the entire radio wave transmitting member 14 in plan view. In the examples of FIGS. 1 to 3, the light shielding region _16-1 and part of the projecting portion _16-5 of the light shielding layer 16 are arranged so as to overlap the entire second region _E2 in plan view.

The light shielding layer 16 is, for example, an opaque colored ceramic layer. The colored ceramic layer is, for example, black, but is not limited to black as long as the visible light transmittance and ultraviolet transmittance are low. The light shielding layer 16 may be a layer of carbon black or the like, a colored intermediate film, a colored film, a combination of a colored intermediate film and a colored ceramic layer, or the like, as long as the visible light transmittance and the ultraviolet transmittance are low. The colored film may be integrated with an infrared reflective film or the like.

Due to the presence of the opaque light shielding layer 16 on the laminated glass 10, the resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral edge of the laminated glass 10 to the vehicle body, and the adhesive member that attaches the bracket that locks the device to the laminated glass 10. It is possible to suppress deterioration due to

Further, by arranging the light shielding layer 16 so as to overlap at least the entire second region _E2 , it is possible to prevent the ultraviolet rays irradiated from outside the vehicle through the laminated glass 10 from reaching the radio wave transmitting member 14. FIG. Although the material of the radio wave transmitting member 14 may be vulnerable to ultraviolet rays, deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member 14 due to ultraviolet rays can be suppressed because the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the radio wave transmitting member 14 are shielded by the light shielding layer 16 . The light shielding layer 16 preferably has a visible light transmittance of 1% or less and an ultraviolet transmittance of 1% or less. As a result, deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member 14 due to ultraviolet rays can be effectively suppressed. In the specification of the present application, the visible light transmittance is a value specified by JIS 3106 (1998), and the ultraviolet transmittance is Solar UV transmittance Tuv (400) specified by Convention A of ISO13837 (2008).

In addition, the radio wave transmitting member 14 shielded by the light shielding layer 16 does not hinder the driver's field of vision when the laminated glass 10 is attached to the vehicle, and at the same time, it is advantageous for obtaining information. is preferably placed in the

The light shielding layer 16 is preferably larger than the radio wave transmitting member 14 by 1 mm or more, more preferably by 3 mm or more, and even more preferably by 5 mm or more in plan view. In other words, in plan view, the distance _L1 between the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer 16 and the outer peripheral edge of the radio wave transmitting member 14 is 1 mm or more, that is, the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer 16 is It is preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more, and still more preferably 5 mm or more from the outer peripheral edge of the radio wave transmitting member 14 . It is particularly preferable that the projecting portion has the above configuration.

By making the light shielding layer 16 larger than the radio wave transmitting member 14 by 1 mm or more, it is possible to reliably prevent the ultraviolet rays irradiated through the laminated glass 10 from reaching the radio wave transmitting member 14 . As the light shielding layer 16 is made larger than the radio wave transmitting member 14 , it is possible to more reliably prevent the ultraviolet rays irradiated through the laminated glass 10 from reaching the radio wave transmitting member 14 .

However, when the upper edge ₁₀₁ side of the laminated glass 10 in the radio wave transmitting member 14 is hidden behind the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is attached to the vehicle and is difficult to be exposed to ultraviolet rays, On the upper edge portion ₁₀₁ side, the distance _L1 between the edge of the light shielding layer 16 and the edge of the radio wave transmitting member 14 may be 0 mm.

The light shielding layer 16 preferably has a high transmittance for predetermined millimeter waves. Specifically, the transmittance T (F) of the radio waves of frequency F (GHz) incident on the second region _E2 with respect to the surface 11a of the glass plate 11 on the vehicle exterior side at an incident angle of 67.5° is It is preferable to satisfy the following formula (1) within the range of 60 GHz≦F≦100 GHz.

T(F)>−0.0061×F+0.9384 (1)
By satisfying the formula (1), even in the second region _E2 where the light shielding layer 16 is formed, the laminated glass 10 has a sufficiently high permeability for predetermined millimeter waves. Information devices that transmit and receive millimeter waves such as radar can be placed. The technical significance of formula (1) will be described later.

For example, if the light shielding layer 16 is a colored ceramic layer, it can be formed by applying a ceramic color paste containing a fusible glass frit containing a black pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like and firing the paste. Not limited. The light-shielding layer 16 may be formed by, for example, applying an organic ink containing a black or dark-colored pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like, followed by drying. The light shielding layer 16 is preferably a colored ceramic layer because of its low ultraviolet transmittance.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the laminated glass according to the first embodiment is attached to an opening formed in front of a vehicle. As shown in FIG. 4, the laminated glass 10 is attached to the opening 110 formed in front of the automobile 100 . A housing 120 containing an information device for transmitting and receiving millimeter waves is attached to the surface of the laminated glass 10 on the inside of the vehicle. Here, a millimeter wave radar 201 is exemplified as an information device that transmits and receives millimeter waves.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the S portion in FIG. 4, and is a perspective view showing a portion where the housing 120 is attached to the laminated glass 10. As shown in FIG. A millimeter wave radar 201 is stored in the housing 120 as an information device. As shown in FIG. 5, the laminated glass 10 is used such that the second region _E2 , which is a region having excellent radio wave transparency, is located around the millimeter wave radar 201. As shown in FIG. The housing 120 is normally attached to the outside of the vehicle relative to the rearview mirror 150, but may be attached to other portions.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along line BB of FIG. The incident angle θ of the radio wave 300 used for the communication of the millimeter wave radar 201 with respect to the surface 11a of the glass plate 11 on the outside of the vehicle can be evaluated as 67.5°. Note that the surface 11a of the glass plate 11 on the outside of the vehicle may be referred to as the main surface of the glass plate 11 in some cases.

As described above, in the laminated glass 10, in a plan view _, the frequency of incidence of the frequency The transmittance T(F) of radio waves of F(GHz) satisfies the formula (1) in the range of 60 GHz≦F≦100 GHz.

When communicating with the outside using the millimeter wave radar 201, the angle at which the radio wave 300 is incident on the surface 11a of the glass plate 11 on the vehicle exterior side depends on the structure of the laminated glass 10, the position of the communication partner, and the millimeter wave radar 201. It varies depending on the elevation angle of the traveling direction of the radio wave. However, in the present embodiment, the angle of incidence of the millimeter-wave radar 201 on the surface 11a of the glass plate 11 on the outside of the vehicle is 67.5° when the tilt angle of the windshield with respect to the horizontal plane is taken into account for a general automobile. One measure is the degree.

That is, the present inventors found that the radio wave transmittance T(F) of millimeter waves incident on the vehicle-exterior surface 11a of the glass plate 11 at an incident angle of 67.5° is an index of the millimeter-wave transmittance of automobile window glass. It was found that an incident angle near 67.5° was also useful for evaluating millimeter-wave transmittance.

As a result of further studies based on the above knowledge, the inventors of the present invention have found that when a laminated glass that satisfies the above formula (1) is used, in particular, for a window glass of an automobile, a frequency of several tens of GHz to 100 GHz It was found to have high permeability even for radio waves in the frequency band.

Here, the glass plate 11, the glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 13 are described in detail.

[Glass plate]
In this embodiment, the glass plate 11 located outside the laminated glass 10 is inorganic glass. The glass plate 12 located inside the laminated glass 10 is preferably inorganic glass.

As the inorganic glass, for example, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass and the like are used without particular limitation. Inorganic glass is used for the glass plate 11 from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, but soda-lime glass is preferable among inorganic glasses from the viewpoint of moldability. The glass plate 12 may be soda-lime glass. When the glass plates 11 and 12 are soda-lime glass, clear glass, green glass containing a predetermined amount or more of an iron component, and UV-cut green glass can be suitably used.

The inorganic glass may be either untempered glass or tempered glass. Untempered glass is obtained by shaping molten glass into a plate and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is obtained by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass.

The tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass such as air-cooled tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, for example, the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass is applied to the glass surface by an operation other than slow cooling, such as rapidly cooling a glass sheet heated uniformly in bending from a temperature near the softening point. By creating a compressive stress layer, the glass surface can be strengthened.

In the case of chemically strengthened glass, for example, after bending, the glass surface can be strengthened by generating compressive stress on the glass surface by an ion exchange method or the like. Also, a glass that absorbs ultraviolet rays or infrared rays may be used, and although it is preferable to be transparent, a glass plate that is colored to such an extent that the transparency is not impaired may be used.

The shape of the glass plates 11 and 12 is not particularly limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a shape processed into various shapes and curvatures. For bending the glass plates 11 and 12, gravity forming, press forming, roller forming, or the like is used. The method of forming the glass plates 11 and 12 is not particularly limited, either. For example, in the case of inorganic glass, a glass plate formed by a float method or the like is preferable.

The plate thickness of the glass plate 11 is preferably 1.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. When the plate thickness of the glass plate 11 is 1.1 mm or more, the strength such as resistance to stepping stones is sufficient. . The thickness of the glass plate 11 at the thinnest part is more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less, still more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less, even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less. It is more preferably 8 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. As the plate thickness of the glass plate 11 is thinner, a predetermined millimeter wave transmittance can be increased.

The plate thickness of the glass plate 12 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. When the plate thickness of the glass plate 12 is 0.3 mm or more, the handleability is good, and when it is 2.3 mm or less, the mass does not become too large.

Further, the glass plates 11 and 12 may be flat or curved. If two pieces of glass having a particularly deep bend are formed as 11 and 12, a mismatch occurs in the shape of the two pieces, which greatly affects the quality of the glass such as residual stress after pressure bonding.

However, by setting the plate thickness of the glass plate 12 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less, it is possible to maintain glass quality such as residual stress. Setting the plate thickness of the glass plate 12 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less is particularly effective in maintaining the quality of glass that is deeply curved. The plate thickness of the glass plate 12 is more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 2.1 mm or less, and still more preferably 0.7 mm or more and 1.9 mm or less. Within this range, the above effects are more pronounced.

When the laminated glass 10 is used for a head-up display, for example, the thickness of the glass plates 11 and/or 12 may not be constant, but may vary depending on the location. For example, when the laminated glass 10 is a windshield, one or both of the glass plates 11 and 12 have a cross section in which the plate thickness increases from the lower side to the upper side of the windshield when the windshield is attached to the vehicle. It may be wedge-shaped. In this case, if the film thickness of the intermediate film 13 is constant, the total wedge angle of the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 changes, for example, within a range of greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 1.0 mrad.

A coating having a function of water repellency, blocking ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, or a coating having low reflection characteristics and low radiation characteristics may be provided on the outside of the glass plates 11 and/or 12 . In addition, the side of the glass plate 11 and/or 12 in contact with the intermediate film 13 may be provided with a film that cuts ultraviolet rays or infrared rays, has low radiation characteristics, absorbs visible light, is colored, or the like.

When the glass plates 11 and 12 are made of curved inorganic glass, the glass plates 11 and 12 are bent after forming by the float method and before bonding with the intermediate film 13 . Bending is performed by softening the glass by heating. The heating temperature of the glass during bending is about 550.degree. C. to 700.degree. Further, when the glass plate 12 has a thickness of 1 mm or less, the laminated glass 10 may be manufactured by pressing and bending the flat glass plate 12 along the curved glass plate 11 and attaching them.

[Interlayer film]
Thermoplastic resins are often used as the intermediate film 13. For example, plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resin, plasticized polyvinyl chloride-based resin, saturated polyester-based resin, plasticized saturated polyester-based resin, polyurethane-based resin, and plasticized polyurethane-based resin are used. Resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, ionomer resins, and other thermoplastic resins that have been conventionally used for this type of application. A resin composition containing a hydrogenated modified block copolymer described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221 can also be preferably used.

Among these, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin is excellent in the balance of performance such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. is preferably used. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. “Plasticization” in the above-mentioned plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means plasticization by addition of a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticizing resins.

However, when enclosing a film or the like in the intermediate film 13, depending on the type of the object to be enclosed, it may deteriorate due to a specific plasticizer. In that case, use a resin that does not substantially contain the plasticizer is preferred. In other words, it may be preferable that the intermediate film 13 does not contain a plasticizer. Examples of plasticizer-free resins include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins.

Examples of the polyvinyl acetal-based resin include a polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PVA" as necessary) and formaldehyde, and a narrowly defined polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting PVA and acetaldehyde. Polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl butyral resin obtained by reacting PVA and n-butyraldehyde (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PVB"), etc., especially transparency, weather resistance , strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation, PVB is suitable. These polyvinyl acetal-based resins may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.

However, the material forming the intermediate film 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resin. Also, the intermediate film 13 may contain functional particles such as an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet absorber, and a light-emitting agent. Also, the intermediate film 13 may have a colored portion called a shade band.

The thickness of the intermediate film 13 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest part. When the thickness of the thinnest portion of the intermediate film 13 is 0.5 mm or more, the laminated glass has sufficient impact resistance. Further, the thickness of the intermediate film 13 is preferably 3 mm or less at the thickest part. When the maximum thickness of the intermediate film 13 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large. The maximum thickness of the intermediate film 13 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

When the laminated glass 10 is used for a head-up display, for example, the thickness of the intermediate film 13 may not be constant, but may vary depending on the location. For example, when the laminated glass 10 is a windshield, the intermediate film 13 may have a wedge-shaped cross section in which the film thickness increases from the lower side to the upper side of the windshield when the windshield is attached to the vehicle. In this case, if the plate thicknesses of the glass plates 11 and 12 are constant, the wedge angle of the intermediate film 13 changes, for example, within a range of greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 1.0 mrad.

Note that the intermediate film 13 may be formed from a plurality of layers of intermediate films. For example, the interlayer film 13 is composed of three layers of interlayer films, and the Shore hardness of the middle layer is made lower than the Shore hardness of both outer layers by adjusting the plasticizer or the like, thereby improving the sound insulation of the laminated glass. . In this case, the Shore hardness of both outer layers may be the same or different.

Further, when the intermediate film 13 is formed from a plurality of layers of intermediate films, it is desirable that all the layers are made of the same material, but some layers may be made of different materials. However, from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the glass plates 11 and 12 or functional materials to be put into the laminated glass 10, it is desirable to use the above materials for 50% or more of the film thickness of the intermediate film 13.

In order to produce the intermediate film 13, for example, the above-described resin material for the intermediate film is appropriately selected and extruded in a heated and melted state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions such as the extrusion speed of the extruder are set so as to be uniform. Thereafter, the intermediate film 13 is completed by stretching the extruded resin film, for example, as necessary, in order to give curvature to the upper and lower sides in accordance with the design of the laminated glass.

[Laminated glass]
The total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 2.8 mm or more and 10 mm or less. If the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be secured. Further, if the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be obtained and haze can be reduced.

In at least one side of the laminated glass 10, the displacement between the glass plates 11 and 12 is preferably 1.5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less. Here, the plate displacement between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 is the amount of displacement between the edge portion of the glass plate 11 and the edge portion of the glass plate 12 in plan view.

In at least one side of the laminated glass 10, it is preferable that the displacement between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 is 1.5 mm or less so as not to impair the appearance. In at least one side of the laminated glass 10, it is more preferable that the displacement between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 is 1.0 mm or less so as not to impair the appearance.

In order to manufacture the laminated glass 10, the glass plate 11, the glass plate 12 having the notch 121, and the intermediate film 13 are prepared. An intermediate film 13 is interposed between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 to form a laminate. Then, for example, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag and adhered at a temperature of about 70 to 110° C. in a vacuum of -65 to -100 kPa. Heating conditions, temperature conditions, and lamination methods are appropriately selected.

Next, the radio wave transmission member 14 is fitted into the notch 121 of the glass plate 12 via the adhesive layer 15 . Then, the laminated glass 10 provided with the radio wave transmitting member 14 is obtained by carrying out a heat-pressing process under conditions of, for example, 100 to 150° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa.

Between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12, in addition to the intermediate film 13, a heating wire, infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, dimming, touch panel, visible light reflection, scattering, and addition are provided within the range that does not impair the effects of the present application. A film or device having functions such as decoration and absorption may be included. Also, the laminated glass 10 may have a film having functions such as anti-fogging, water repellency, heat shielding and low reflection on its surface. In addition, the glass plate 11 on the outside of the vehicle and the glass plate 12 on the inside of the vehicle may have a film having functions such as heat shielding and heat generation.

<Second embodiment>
In the second embodiment, an example in which a light shielding layer is provided with a visible light transmission region is shown. In addition, in the second embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.

FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating the laminated glass according to the second embodiment, and schematically shows a state in which the glass plate 12 side is directed toward the front side of the paper. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the laminated glass according to the second embodiment, showing an enlarged cross-section along line CC of FIG.

7 and 8, for convenience of explanation, the laminated glass 10A is illustrated with the actual curved shape omitted.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the laminated glass 10A differs from the laminated glass 10 (see FIGS. 1 to 3, etc.) in that the light shielding layer 16 is provided with openings 18 serving as visible light transmission regions.

The opening 18 is provided in a region outside the second region _E2 in plan view. That is, since the radio wave transmitting member 14 has worse perspective distortion and haze than glass, it is not preferable to place an information device such as a camera or an illuminance sensor that acquires visible light inside the radio wave transmitting member 14 . Therefore, in the present embodiment, the opening 18 is arranged at a position that does not overlap the second region _E2 where the radio wave transmitting member 14 is arranged in a plan view.

In the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, the opening 18 is provided below the second region _E2 , that is, on the side of the lower edge ₁₀₂ in plan view, but the opening 18 and the second region _E2 is not limited to this. When the laminated glass 10A is attached to the vehicle, the opening 18 is preferably arranged above the test area A because it does not hinder the driver's field of vision and is advantageous for obtaining information.

An information device that acquires visible light, such as a camera and an illuminance sensor, is arranged inside the vehicle of the opening 18 . Therefore, in the laminated glass 10A, the visible light transmittance of the openings 18 is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more. In the laminated glass 10A, if the visible light transmittance of the openings 18 is 50% or more, the information acquisition performance of information devices that acquire visible light, such as cameras and illuminance sensors, can be improved.

An information device that acquires visible light, such as a camera and an illuminance sensor, may be stored in the housing 120 shown in FIG. 5 together with an information device that transmits and receives millimeter waves, such as a millimeter wave radar.

In plan view, the distance _L2 between the opening 18 and the radio wave transmitting member 14 is preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more, and even more preferably 5 mm or more. If the distance _L2 is 1 mm or more, that is, if the opening 18 and the radio wave transmitting member 14 are spaced apart from each other by the distance _L2 or more, the ultraviolet rays irradiated through the opening 18 can be prevented from leaking and reaching the radio wave transmitting member 14. As the distance _L2 is increased to 3 mm or more and 5 mm or more, it becomes possible to further reduce the possibility that the ultraviolet rays emitted through the opening 18 leak and reach the radio wave transmitting member 14, and further suppress deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member 14 due to ultraviolet rays. . Further, when the laminated glass 10 is curved, a difference in bending shape between the glass plates 11 and 12 occurs at the notch portion of the glass plate 12, and perspective distortion is likely to occur. Therefore, it is preferable to set the distance _L2 within the above range.

In plan view, the distance _L3 between the edge of the opening 18 and the edge of the light shielding layer 16 is preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more, and even more preferably 5 mm or more. If the distance _L3 is 1 mm or more, it becomes easy to mount a bracket for locking information devices such as a camera and an illuminance sensor.

As the distance _L3 is increased to 3 mm or more and 5 mm or more, the perspective distortion of the opening 18 can be further reduced. By reducing the perspective distortion of the opening 18, it is possible to improve the information acquisition performance of an information device that acquires visible light, such as a camera or an illuminance sensor. Further, as _L3 is increased to 3 mm or more and 5 mm or more, it becomes easier to mount a bracket for locking information devices such as a camera and an illuminance sensor.

Note that when the entire peripheral edge of the opening is surrounded by the light shielding layer 16 as in the opening 18 shown in FIG. 7, the distance _L3 is applied to the entire peripheral edge of the opening 18. . In other words, when the entire periphery of the opening 18 is surrounded by the light shielding layer 16, the distance _L3 for the entire periphery of the opening 18 is preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more. is more preferable, and 5 mm or more is even more preferable.

Also, as with openings 18A and 18B shown in later-described FIG. , the distance L ₃ is applied to the part of the peripheral edge of the opening surrounded by the light shielding layer 16 .

The planar shape of the opening 18 is, for example, a rectangle, an isosceles trapezoid, a fan shape, or the like. The area of the opening 18 is, for example, 1500 mm ² or more. By setting the area of the opening 18 to 1500 mm ² or more, it is possible to secure the angle of view required for information acquisition by an information device such as a camera. The area of the opening 18 may be 3000 mm ² or more, 4500 mm ² or more, 6000 mm ² or more, or 9000 mm ^{2 or} more.

7 and 8, the laminated glass 10A has one opening 18, but the number of openings 18 is not limited to this, and the laminated glass 10A may have a plurality of openings 18. good. For example, there are separate openings for visible light cameras, infrared sensors, and the like. In that case, the areas mentioned above are the areas for each opening.

Thus, when the laminated glass 10A has both the radio wave transmitting member 14 and the opening 18, it is preferable that the distance _L2 between the opening 18 and the radio wave transmitting member 14 is 1 mm or more. As a result, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the ultraviolet rays irradiated through the opening 18 leak and reach the radio wave transmitting member 14, and it is possible to suppress deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member 14 due to the ultraviolet rays.

<Modification of Second Embodiment>
In the modified example of the second embodiment, examples of variations such as the positional relationship between the radio wave transmitting member and the opening will be shown. In addition, in the modified example of the second embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.

[Modification 1]
7 and 8 show an example in which the radio wave transmitting member 14 and the opening 18 are arranged vertically in a plan view of the laminated glass 10A attached to the vehicle, but the present invention is not limited to this.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining Modification 1 of the second embodiment, and is a diagram viewed from the same direction as in FIG.

There are various variations in the positional relationship between the radio wave transmitting member and the opening. For example, as shown in FIG. You may arrange|position so that the opening part 18 may be located in a line with the left-right direction. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9B, the radio wave transmitting member 14 and the opening 18 may be arranged obliquely in a plan view with the laminated glass 10A attached to the vehicle.

Also, as described above, at least one of the radio wave transmitting member 14 and the opening 18 may be provided two or more. For example, as shown in FIG. 9(c), one radio wave transmitting member 14 and two openings 18 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction in a plan view of the laminated glass 10A attached to the vehicle. may Further, as shown in FIG. 9(d), two radio wave transmitting members 14 and one opening 18 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction in plan view with the laminated glass 10A attached to the vehicle. may Of course, two radio wave transmitting members 14 and two openings 18 may be provided in the laminated glass 10A, or three or more of either or both may be provided.

[Modification 2]
7 and 8 show an example in which the radio wave transmitting member 14 is fitted into the notch of the glass plate 12, but the present invention is not limited to this.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining Modification 2 of the second embodiment, and is a diagram viewed from the same direction as in FIG.

In the example of FIG. 10 , a cutout portion having the same shape as the radio wave transmitting member 14 is provided near the upper edge of the glass plate 12 , and the radio wave transmitting member 14 is fitted into the cutout portion of the glass plate 12 . Thus, the radio wave transmitting member 14 does not necessarily need to be arranged so as to be in contact with the outer side of the laminated glass.

[Modification 3]
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining Modification 3 of the second embodiment, and is a diagram viewed from the same direction as in FIG.

In the example of FIG. 11, the heating means 168 is provided at a position that overlaps with the opening 18 but does not overlap with the radio wave transmitting member 14 in plan view. The heating means 168 may protrude from the opening 18 .

The heating means 168 is not particularly limited, but for example, a conductive thin film of gold, silver, copper, tin-doped indium oxide or the like is formed on a base material by sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, or the like. . The heat generating means 168 may be a plurality of heating wires formed in a wavy line or a polygonal line and arranged side by side at predetermined intervals on a substrate. Alternatively, mesh-like metal may be used instead of the plurality of heating wires formed in a wavy line or a polygonal line. The heating means 168 may be attached to the interior surface of the laminated glass 10 or may be arranged between the glass plates 11 and 12 . The heating means may be a conductive filament whose main component is silver.

By arranging the heat generating means 168 at a position overlapping with the opening 18 in this manner, it is possible to realize a laminated glass in which the sensing performance of the device is less likely to be hindered by freezing, fogging, or the like. That is, when a current is supplied to the heat generating means 168 from a power source such as a battery, the heat generating means 168 generates heat to warm the laminated glass 10A in the opening 18 and remove freezing and fogging on the surfaces of the glass plates 11 and 12. . This ensures good sensing by an information device such as a camera.

[Modification 4]
In the examples such as FIG. 7, the opening 18 is entirely surrounded by the light shielding layer 16 in plan view, but the present invention is not limited to this.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining Modification 4 of the second embodiment, and is a diagram viewed from the same direction as in FIG. In the example of FIG. 12, the opening 18 has a portion not surrounded by the light shielding layer 16 in plan view.

For example, like the opening 18A shown in FIG. 12A and the opening 18B shown in FIG. may not be surrounded by the light shielding layer 16 . For example, a slit may be provided in the light shielding layer 16 surrounding the entire periphery of the opening to provide a discontinuous region of the light shielding layer 16 .

If there is a discontinuous region of the light shielding layer 16 on the periphery of the opening, the region of the laminated glass 10A corresponding to the angle of view of the camera or the like is defined as the visible light transmission region.

<Example>
Examples will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Note that FIGS. 13 to 16 will be referred to in the description as appropriate.

[Examples 1 to 3]
Examples 1 to 3 are tests for confirming the degree of deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member depending on the presence or absence of the light shielding layer and the type of the light shielding layer.

(Example 1)
A glass plate 511 that will be an outer plate (vehicle-exterior glass plate) and a glass plate 512 that will be an inner plate (vehicle-interior glass plate) when laminated glass is prepared (manufactured by AGC, commonly known as VFL). The dimensions of the glass plates 511 and 512 were both 300 mm long×300 mm wide×2 mm thick. Then, a black colored ceramic layer was formed as a light shielding layer 516 on the entire inner side surface of the glass plate 511 . The colored ceramic layer was formed by screen-printing a black ceramic paste on the surface of the glass plate 511, drying it at 120° C. for 15 minutes, and then firing it at 600° C. for 5 minutes. Also, an opening 519 is formed in the glass plate 512 . The colored ceramic layer had an ultraviolet transmittance of 0.1% and a visible light transmittance of 0.2%.

The planar shape of the opening 519 was a rectangle of 100 mm×100 mm. Also, the distance _L4 from the edge of the glass plate 512 to the edge of the opening 519 was set to 50 mm.

Next, an intermediate film 513 (PVB manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 0.76 mm) was prepared. Then, an intermediate film 513 is sandwiched between the glass plate 511 and the glass plate 512 to prepare a laminate, which is placed in a rubber bag and placed in a vacuum of -65 to -100 kPa at a temperature of about 70 to 110°C. glued with

Next, a radio wave transmitting member 514 made of polycarbonate with a thickness of 2 mm was fitted in the opening 519 of the glass plate 512 via an adhesive layer 515 made of a silicone adhesive with a thickness of 0.5 mm. Then, it was heated and pressed under conditions of a temperature of 100 to 150° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa to prepare a laminated glass for evaluation 500A.

The laminated glass for evaluation 500A has a structure without the opening 518 in FIGS. 13 and 14 . Note that FIG. 13 is a plan view of the laminated glass for evaluation, and schematically shows a state in which the glass plate 512 side is directed toward the front side of the paper. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the laminated glass for evaluation, showing a cross section along line DD in FIG.

(Example 2)
Laminated glass for evaluation 500B was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the light-shielding layer 516 was coated with carbon black (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) instead of the colored ceramic layer. That is, in the laminated glass for evaluation 500B, the light shielding layer 516 made of carbon black is provided on the entire vehicle interior side surface of the glass plate 511 . The carbon black layer had an ultraviolet transmittance of 2.0% and a visible light transmittance of 2.0%.

(Example 3)
A laminated glass for evaluation 500C was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that no light shielding layer 516 was provided on the vehicle interior side surface of the glass plate 511 .

(Evaluation 1)
Each of the laminated glasses for evaluation 500A, B, and C was subjected to an ultraviolet irradiation test based on the provisions of JIS R 3212 (2015). Specifically, the evaluation laminated glasses 500A, B, and C were placed in an apparatus at 45±5° C., and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 750±50 W from a position 230 mm away from the vehicle outer surface of the glass plate 511 of each evaluation laminated glass. Then, the irradiation time H at which a crack having a width of 0.5 mm or more begins to form in the radio wave transmitting member 514 was measured. The evaluation criteria were as follows: an irradiation time H of 2000 hr or more was evaluated as ◯ (accepted), and an irradiation time of less than 2000 hr as x (failed). Table 1 shows the results.

Note that if the radio wave transmitting member 514 cracks, the safety of the falling ball test cannot be ensured. A falling ball test is a test in which an iron ball is dropped from a predetermined height onto laminated glass to check for breakage of the laminated glass.

表１に示すように、遮光層５１６として着色セラミック層を用いた場合には、電波透過部材５１４にクラックが入り始める照射時間Ｈが３０００ｈｒとなり、合格基準（照射時間Ｈ≧２０００ｈｒ）を十分に満たした。又、遮光層５１６としてカーボンブラックを用いた場合には、電波透過部材５１４にクラックが入り始める照射時間Ｈが２１００ｈｒとなり、合格基準（照射時間Ｈ≧２０００ｈｒ）を満たした。一方、遮光層５１６を全く設けない場合には、合格基準（照射時間Ｈ≧２０００ｈｒ）を満たさなかった。

As shown in Table 1, when a colored ceramic layer is used as the light shielding layer 516, the irradiation time H at which cracks start to appear in the radio wave transmitting member 514 is 3000 hr, which sufficiently satisfies the acceptance criteria (irradiation time H≧2000 hr). rice field. When carbon black was used as the light shielding layer 516, the irradiation time H at which cracks started to appear in the radio wave transmitting member 514 was 2100 hr, satisfying the acceptance criteria (irradiation time H≧2000 hr). On the other hand, when the light shielding layer 516 was not provided at all, the acceptance criterion (irradiation time H≧2000 hr) was not satisfied.

That is, it was confirmed that deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member 514 due to ultraviolet rays can be suppressed by using a colored ceramic layer or carbon black as the light shielding layer 516 . In particular, it was confirmed that the use of a colored ceramic layer having a lower ultraviolet transmittance than carbon black as the light shielding layer 516 enhances the effect of suppressing deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member 514 due to ultraviolet rays.

Regarding the laminated glasses for evaluation 500A and B after the ultraviolet irradiation test, the radio wave transmission loss at 79 GHz was confirmed to be 3 dB or less, confirming that there is no practical problem.

[Examples 4 to 8]
Examples 4 to 8 are tests for confirming the degree of deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member when an opening is provided in the light shielding layer and the distance between the opening of the light shielding layer and the opening of the glass plate is changed.

(Example 4)
A glass plate 511 that will be an outer plate (vehicle-exterior glass plate) and a glass plate 512 that will be an inner plate (vehicle-interior glass plate) when laminated glass is prepared (manufactured by AGC, commonly known as VFL). The dimensions of the glass plates 511 and 512 were both 300 mm long×300 mm wide×2 mm thick. A black colored ceramic layer was formed as a light shielding layer 516 on the entire surface of the glass plate 511 inside the vehicle except for the opening 518 . The glass plates 511 and 512 were bent so as to have a curvature radius of 3000 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions. The visible light transmittance and ultraviolet transmittance of the colored ceramic layer were the same as in Example 1. Also, an opening 519 is formed in the glass plate 512 .

The planar shape of the opening 518 was a rectangle of 50 mm×50 mm, and the planar shape of the opening 519 was a rectangle of 100 mm×100 mm. Also, the distance _L4 from the edge of the glass plate 512 to the edge of the opening 519 was set to 50 mm. Also, the distance _L5 between the opposing sides of the opening 518 and the opening 519 was set to 1 mm.

Next, an intermediate film 513 (PVB manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 0.76 mm) was prepared. Then, an intermediate film 513 is sandwiched between the glass plate 511 and the glass plate 512 to prepare a laminate, which is placed in a rubber bag and placed in a vacuum of -65 to -100 kPa at a temperature of about 70 to 110°C. glued with

Next, a radio wave transmitting member 514 made of polycarbonate with a thickness of 2 mm was fitted in the opening 519 of the glass plate 512 via an adhesive layer 515 made of a silicone adhesive with a thickness of 0.5 mm. Then, it was heated and pressurized under conditions of a temperature of 100 to 150° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa to produce a laminated glass for evaluation 500D shown in FIGS. The visible light transmittance in the opening 518 of the laminated glass for evaluation 500D was 80%. Further, when a radio wave of 79 GHz is incident on the portion corresponding to the opening 519 of the laminated glass for evaluation 500D from the side of the glass plate 511 at an incident angle of 65.5°, the transmittance T(F) of the radio wave is 60%. rice field.

(Example 5)
A laminated glass for evaluation 500E was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the distance _L5 was 5 mm.

(Example 6)
A laminated glass for evaluation 500F was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the distance _L5 was 10 mm.

(Example 7)
A laminated glass for evaluation 500G was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the distance _L5 was 0 mm.

(Example 8)
A laminated glass for evaluation 500H was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the distance _L5 was 0.5 mm.

(Evaluation 1)
For each of the laminated glasses for evaluation 500D, E, F, G, and H, an ultraviolet irradiation test similar to Examples 1 to 3 was performed. The evaluation criteria were as follows: an irradiation time H of 2000 hr or more was evaluated as ◯ (accepted), and an irradiation time H of less than 2000 hr was evaluated as x (failed). Table 2 shows the results.

(Evaluation 2)
For each of the laminated glasses for evaluation 500D, E, F, G, and H, the magnitude of perspective distortion was visually confirmed. Details are as follows.

As shown in FIG. 15, the laminated glass for evaluation 500D was inclined at the same angle as when it was attached to the vehicle, and the zebra pattern 510 was arranged on the outside of the vehicle. The zebra pattern 510 has a plurality of black lines 510b on a white background 510a. The black lines 510b were provided so as to form an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the lower side of the zebra pattern 510 and to be parallel to each other.

Perspective distortion was evaluated from the degree of distortion in the zebra pattern 510 near the boundary between the opening 518 and the light shielding layer 516 when the zebra pattern 510 was viewed from the inside of the laminated glass for evaluation 500D.

16(a) and 16(b) show the zebra pattern 510 in the vicinity of the boundary F between the opening 518 and the light shielding layer 516 surrounded by an oval in the evaluation laminated glass 500D of FIG. This is an enlarged view of the example seen from the inside of the car.

FIG. 16(a) is an example with no perspective distortion, and FIG. 16(b) is an example with perspective distortion. In FIG. 16B, near the boundary F between the opening 518 and the light shielding layer 516, the black line 510b of the zebra pattern 510 appears to be curved. For this reason, the distance between the position where the extension line G obtained by extending the right side of the black line 510b intersects the boundary F and the position where the black line 510b actually intersects the boundary F is defined as the distortion (W), and the following criteria are used for evaluation. The perspective distortion of glass 500D was evaluated. If W is 5 mm or less, it is accepted (O), and if W is greater than 5 mm, it is rejected (x).

Next, for the laminated glasses for evaluation 500E, F, G, and H, the perspective distortion was evaluated in order in the same manner as for the laminated glass for evaluation 500D. Table 2 shows the results.

表２に示すように、開口部５１８と開口部５１９との距離Ｌ_５が１ｍｍ以上である場合には、電波透過部材５１４にクラックが入り始める照射時間Ｈが２５００ｈｒ以上となり、合格基準（照射時間Ｈ≧２０００ｈｒ）を満たした。一方、開口部５１８と開口部５１９との距離Ｌ_５が１ｍｍ未満である場合には、電波透過部材５１４にクラックが入り始める照射時間Ｈが合格基準（照射時間Ｈ≧２０００ｈｒ）を満たさなかった。

As shown in Table 2, when the distance _L5 between the opening 518 and the opening 519 is 1 mm or more, the irradiation time H at which cracks start to appear in the radio wave transmitting member 514 is 2500 hr or more, and the acceptance criteria (irradiation time H≧2000 hr). On the other hand, when the distance _L5 between the openings 518 and 519 was less than 1 mm, the irradiation time H at which cracks started to appear in the radio wave transmitting member 514 did not satisfy the acceptance criteria (irradiation time H≧2000 hr).

That is, it was confirmed that deterioration of the radio wave transmitting member 514 due to ultraviolet rays can be suppressed by setting the distance _L5 between the openings 518 and 519 to 1 mm or more.

The radio wave transmission loss at 79 GHz of the evaluation laminated glasses 500D, E, and F after the ultraviolet irradiation test was confirmed to be 3 dB or less, confirming that there is no practical problem.

Further, as shown in Table 2, when the distance _L5 between the openings 518 and 519 is 1 mm or more, W shown in FIG. Met. On the other hand, when the distance _L5 between the openings 518 and 519 was less than 1 mm, W shown in FIG.

That is, by setting the distance _L5 between the opening 518 and the opening 519 to 1 mm or more, the perspective distortion in the opening 18, particularly near the boundary F between the opening 518 and the light shielding layer 516, can be reduced. was confirmed.

Although the preferred embodiments and the like have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the like, and various modifications and substitutions can be made to the above-described embodiments and the like without departing from the scope of the claims. can be added.

Reference Signs List 10, 10A Laminated glass 11, 12 Glass plate 13 Intermediate film 14 Radio wave transmitting member 15 Adhesive layer 16 Light shielding layer 18, 18A, 18B, 110 Opening 100 Automobile 120 Housing 121 Notch 150 Rearview mirror 168 Heat generating means 201 Millimeter wave radar

Claims (14)

A laminated glass having an intermediate film between a vehicle-exterior glass plate and a vehicle-interior glass plate,
A first region where the vehicle-interior glass plate is located and a second region where a radio wave transmitting member is located on the vehicle-interior side of the vehicle-exterior glass plate,
The vehicle-exterior glass plate is inorganic glass,
A light shielding layer is provided on the vehicle outer side of the radio wave transmitting member,
The light shielding layer overlaps at least the entire second region in plan view,
The light shielding layer has a visible light transmittance of 1% or less and an ultraviolet transmittance of 1% or less,
Transmittance T (F) of radio waves of frequency F (GHz) incident on the second region at an incident angle of 67.5° with respect to the main surface of the vehicle-exterior glass plate is in the range of 60 GHz ≤ F ≤ 100 GHz. Laminated glass that satisfies the following formula (1) .
T(F)>−0.0061×F+0.9384 (1) A laminated glass having an intermediate film between a vehicle-exterior glass plate and a vehicle-interior glass plate,
A first region where the vehicle-interior glass plate is located and a second region where a radio wave transmitting member is located on the vehicle-interior side of the vehicle-exterior glass plate,
The vehicle-exterior glass plate is inorganic glass,
A light shielding layer is provided on the vehicle outer side of the radio wave transmitting member,
The light shielding layer overlaps at least the entire second region in plan view,
The light shielding layer has an opening in a region outside the second region in plan view,
A laminated glass having a visible light transmittance of 50% or more in the opening . A laminated glass having an intermediate film between a vehicle-exterior glass plate and a vehicle-interior glass plate,
A first region where the vehicle-interior glass plate is located and a second region where a radio wave transmitting member is located on the vehicle-interior side of the vehicle-exterior glass plate,
The vehicle-exterior glass plate is inorganic glass,
A light shielding layer is provided on the vehicle outer side of the radio wave transmitting member,
The light shielding layer overlaps at least the entire second region in plan view,
The laminated glass , wherein the light shielding layer is a colored ceramic layer . A laminated glass having an intermediate film between a vehicle-exterior glass plate and a vehicle-interior glass plate,
A first region where the vehicle-interior glass plate is located and a second region where a radio wave transmitting member is located on the vehicle-interior side of the vehicle-exterior glass plate,
The vehicle-exterior glass plate is inorganic glass,
A light shielding layer is provided on the vehicle outer side of the radio wave transmitting member,
The light shielding layer overlaps at least the entire second region in plan view,
The laminated glass in which, in a plan view, the outer peripheral edge of the light shielding layer is located outside the outer peripheral edge of the radio wave transmitting member by 1 mm or more . 3. The laminated glass according to claim 2 , wherein the distance between the opening and the radio wave transmitting member is 1 mm or more in plan view. 6. The laminated glass according to claim 2 or 5 , having a heat generating means at a position overlapping with the opening but not overlapping with the radio wave transmitting member in plan view. 7. The laminated glass according to claim 2, 5, or 6, wherein the radio wave transmitting member and the opening are aligned in the left-right direction in a plan view of the laminated glass attached to a vehicle. 8. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 2 and 5 to 7 , wherein the radio wave transmitting member and the opening are arranged vertically in a plan view of the laminated glass attached to a vehicle. 9. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 2 and 5 to 8 , wherein at least one of said radio wave transmitting member and said opening is provided in two or more pieces. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the light-shielding layer is provided on the vehicle-interior surface of the vehicle-exterior glass plate. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the vehicle-exterior glass plate is soda-lime glass. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the vehicle-exterior glass plate has a thickness of 1.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. The radio wave transmitting member is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyvinyl chloride, fluororesin, polycarbonate, cycloolefin polymer resin, syndiotactic polystyrene resin, modified polyphenylene ether, urethane resin, and polystyrene. containing material,
13. The radio wave transmitting member according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein the radio wave transmitting member is adhered to the vehicle-interior surface of the vehicle-exterior glass plate via an adhesive layer made of an acrylic adhesive or a silicone-based adhesive. laminated glass. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13 , wherein the radio wave transmitting member has an area of 400 mm2 ^or more.

Images