JP4876362B2 - Laminated glass and automobile using the same - Google Patents

Laminated glass and automobile using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4876362B2
JP4876362B2 JP2001289219A JP2001289219A JP4876362B2 JP 4876362 B2 JP4876362 B2 JP 4876362B2 JP 2001289219 A JP2001289219 A JP 2001289219A JP 2001289219 A JP2001289219 A JP 2001289219A JP 4876362 B2 JP4876362 B2 JP 4876362B2
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laminated glass
infrared
fine particles
transmittance
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JP2002173347A (en
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久仁子 永井
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
    • B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
    • B32B17/1066—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments imparting a tint in certain regions only, i.e. shade band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、合わせガラスおよびそれを用いた自動車に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、自動車内の温度上昇を抑え、冷房負荷を低減させる目的のため、車両用窓ガラスに赤外線遮蔽窓ガラスを使用することが普及しつつある。従来の赤外線遮蔽窓ガラスとしては、ガラス板の表面に各種の金属または金属酸化物の薄膜を積層した薄膜付きガラス板が用いられ、これらの膜の作用により、車内に入射する太陽輻射エネルギーを大幅にカットすることができる。
【０００３】
しかし、上記薄膜は導電性を有するため、窓ガラスの電波透過性を低減させ、窓ガラスに付与されているラジオ、テレビまたはＧＰＳ（Global Positioning System）等のアンテナ機能に不具合を生じさせることがある。これらのアンテナは、リアガラス等の車内側に印刷された配線パタン（導電性セラミックペーストの焼成体など）で作られる。そのため、アンテナとしての機能を維持するためには、窓ガラスに高い電波透過性能が要求される。
【０００４】
そこで、このような問題を改善すべく、特開平８−２５９２７９号公報（以下、２７９号公報という）には、電波透過性能を確保しつつ、赤外線を遮蔽する合わせガラスが提案されている。この合わせガラスは、粒径が０．２μｍ以下の機能性微粒子を分散配合した中間膜を有し、赤外線を遮蔽するとともに、電波受信障害を低減できるとされている。
【０００５】
例えば２７９号公報には、実施例６として、２０ｗｔ％ＩＴＯ超微粒子（粒径０．１μｍ以下）を分散含有したＤＩＤＰ（ジイソデシルフタレート）７ｇと通常のＤＩＤＰ９５ｇとを、ＰＶＢ樹脂３２３ｇに添加して作られた中間膜を、ガラス板で挟んだ合わせガラスが開示されている。すなわち、厚さ２ｍｍのクリヤガラス板と厚さ２ｍｍのグリーンガラス板とを、ＩＴＯ超微粒子が分散配合された中間膜（中間膜の全質量１００質量部に対して、ＩＴＯ超微粒子が約０．３（≒０．２×７÷（７＋９５＋３２３）×１００）質量部配合された中間膜に相当）により接合した合わせガラスが記載されている。この合わせガラスは、その日射透過率Ｔｓが４２．０％、ヘイズＨが０．２％であり、充分な日射透過率を有するとともに、低いヘイズを実現している。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、この実施例６では、ＩＴＯ超微粒子の含有割合が少ないため、近赤外線の透過を充分に抑えることができず、車内のシートやステアリングホイールの表面温度および室温を上昇させる原因となる。また、ＩＴＯ超微粒子の添加割合を大きくして近赤外線領域の波長の光の遮蔽性能を上げた場合、赤外線通信を利用した各種のシステムで不具合が生じることがある。
【０００７】
例えば近年日本においては、光ビーコンを用いたＶＩＣＳ（Vehicle Information and Communication System）が普及しつつある。これは情報センタで収集された交通情報を各自動車へ通知するとともに、自動車側の情報を情報センタへ通知することにより、道路での渋滞等を防止するためのシステムである。具体的には道路に設置された装置（以下、路側アンテナという）と、自動車内に設置された装置（以下、車載器という）との間で、双方向の赤外線通信が行われる。
【０００８】
また、キーレスエントリは、自動車の所有者が所持する発光器を使って、自動車内の受光器に赤外線信号を送信することにより、ドアロックの開閉を行うシステムである。したがって、これらのシステムを正常に動作させるためには、窓ガラスが赤外線透過性能を有する必要があり、特にこれらのシステムでは約８５０ｎｍの波長の赤外光が用いられている。
【０００９】
そのため、自動車用窓ガラスは、約８５０ｎｍの波長の赤外光を充分に透過する性能が必要である。しかし、遮熱ためのＩＴＯ粉末の添加は、１，０００ｎｍ〜２，０００ｎｍ付近の波長の赤外光をカットするだけでなく、約８５０ｎｍの波長の赤外光もカットしてしまい、赤外線通信が困難になるという問題があった。
【００１０】
本発明は、このような従来技術における課題を解決するものであり、室内温度の上昇要因となる１，０００ｎｍ以上の波長の赤外光をカットするとともに、赤外線通信に使用される約８５０ｎｍの波長の赤外光を透過する合わせガラスおよびそれを用いた自動車を提供することを目的とする。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このような目的を達成するために、本発明は、複数枚のガラス板と、前記各ガラス板の間に設けられた中間膜とが積層された合わせガラスにおいて、前記合わせガラスは、正面視で少なくとも第１領域と第２領域とを有し、前記中間膜は赤外線遮蔽性微粒子が分散配合された中間膜材料で形成され、該中間膜における前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の配合割合が前記第１領域に比べて前記第２領域において２／３以下であることで、前記第２領域における赤外線透過率が前記第１領域の赤外線透過率よりも高いことを特徴とする合わせガラスを提供する。
【００１２】
また、本発明の一態様は、前記第２領域における前記合わせガラスの可視光透過率は、前記第１領域における前記合わせガラスの可視光透過率よりも低いことが好ましい。また、前記第２領域における前記中間膜は、その赤外線透過率が前記第１領域の赤外線透過率よりも高いことが好ましい。また、前記第１領域における前記中間膜は、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子が分散配合された中間膜材料で形成されていることが好ましい。
【００１３】
また、前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子は、錫がドープされた酸化インジウム、およびアンチモンがドープされた酸化錫から選択される何れか一つからなることが好ましい。また、前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の粒径は、０．００１〜０．１５μｍであることが好ましい。また、前記第２領域における８００〜２，０００ｎｍの波長域における全部または一部の赤外光の透過率は、前記第１領域における透過率よりも１％以上大きいことが好ましい。また、前記第２領域における前記中間膜は、多層構造を有し、前記多層構造の少なくとも一層は、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を実質的に含有しない層であることが好ましい。
【００１４】
また、前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を実質的に含有しない層は、着色されている、ことが好ましい。また、前記第２領域における前記中間膜は、前記第１領域における前記中間膜の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の配合割合の１／１０以下の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を含むことが好ましい。また、本発明は、上記態様に係る合わせガラスと、前記第２領域を介して車外の装置と赤外線通信をする車載器とを備えたことを特徴とする自動車を提供する。
【００１５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の合わせガラスの一実施の形態を示す。同図に示すように合わせガラス１は、正面視で２領域（赤外線透過率が異なる第１領域１Ａと第２領域１Ｂ）を有する。第２領域１Ｂの形状および位置は適宜設定することができ、第１および第２領域と異なる赤外線透過率を有するその他の領域をさらに設けることもできる。
【００１６】
図２は、図１のＩＩ−ＩＩ’線概略断面図を示す。合わせガラス１は、中間膜１２を挟持した２枚のガラス板１１ａ、１１ｂを、オートクレーブ内で加圧し、これらを圧着して一体化することで作られる。中間膜１２は、ポリビニルブチラール系またはエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体系の有機樹脂膜等で形成される。また、第１領域１Ａおよび第２領域１Ｂにおける中間膜１２は、各赤外線透過率が互いに異なるように作られている。
【００１７】
第１領域１Ａにおける中間膜１２は１層の膜（遮蔽性層２１）からなり、第２領域１Ｂにおける中間膜１２は第１領域１Ａから延在した遮蔽層２１中に別の有機樹脂膜（非遮蔽性層２２）を備えた３層構造となっている。第１領域１Ａにおける中間膜１２は、上述の有機樹脂膜に、粒径が０．２μｍ以下（好ましくは０．００１〜０．１５μｍ）の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を分散配合された遮蔽性層２１からなる。
【００１８】
第２領域１Ｂにおける中間膜１２は、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を実質的に含まない非遮蔽性層２２を２つの遮蔽性層２１で挟持した構成となっている。したがって、第２領域１Ｂにおける赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の含有量は第１領域１Ａよりも少ないので、第１領域１Ａにおける赤外線透過率は、第２領域１Ｂにおける赤外線透過率よりも小さい。なお、第２領域１Ｂにおける各層の厚さは互いに等しくてもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
【００１９】
〔遮蔽性層２１〕
遮蔽性層２１は、上述の中間膜１２の材料に、粒径が０．２μｍ以下（好ましくは０．１５〜０．００１μｍ）の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を分散配合したものである。この赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の材質としては、Ｓｎ、Ｔｉ、Ｓｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｚｒ、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｅ、Ｉｎ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｔ、Ｍｎ、Ｔａ、Ｗ、Ｖ、Ｍｏの金属、酸化物、窒化物、硫化物、またはこれらにＳｂもしくはＦをドープしたドープ物からなる微粒子が例示される。これらの微粒子を単独または複合物として使用できる。特に、これらの単独物または複合物を有機樹脂に混合した混合物、またはこれらの単独物または複合物を有機樹脂物で被覆した被覆物を用いることは、自動車用窓ガラスに求められる種々の性能を得るために有効である。
【００２０】
また、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子としては、アンチモンがドープされた酸化錫（ＡＴＯ）微粒子と錫がドープされた酸化インジウム（ＩＴＯ）微粒子とのうちの少なくとも一方を用いることが好ましい。ＡＴＯ微粒子やＩＴＯ微粒子は共に赤外線遮蔽性能に優れ、中間膜への配合量が少なくて済む。なお、ＡＴＯ微粒子とＩＴＯ微粒子とを比較した場合、ＩＴＯ微粒子の方が赤外線遮蔽性能に優れるため、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子としてＩＴＯ微粒子を用いることが特に好ましい。
【００２１】
また、遮蔽性層２１は、中間膜１２の遮蔽性層２１の全質量１００質量部に対して０．１〜０．５質量部の分散配合割合で、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を分散配合していることが好ましい。０．１質量部以上にすることで所望の赤外線遮蔽性能を得ることができ、０．５質量部以下にすることで合わせガラスのヘイズを小さく抑えることができ、合わせガラスの外観を良好にできる。
【００２２】
また、上記においては、遮蔽性層２１を構成するため、中間膜１２に赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を配合する例について説明したが、有機樹脂膜に赤外線遮蔽膜を成膜したものを用いることもできる。例えば特開平１１−３５２３１４号に開示されている熱線反射フィルムを、２枚のポリビニルブチラール膜でサンドイッチしたものを中間膜１２として用いることができる。さらに、中間膜に赤外線遮蔽性能を付与する代わりに、ガラス板の表面（特に中間膜と接する側の面）に赤外線遮蔽性膜を成膜した合わせガラスを用いてもよい。
【００２３】
〔非遮蔽性層２２〕
一方、非遮蔽性層２２は、実質的に上述の中間膜１２の材料のみからなり、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を全く／ほとんど含まない。また、この非遮蔽性層２２は、無色透明であってもよいし、染料（アゾ系染料やアントラキノン系染料等）または顔料等の着色剤（有機系または無機系）で着色されていてもよい。非遮蔽性層２２を着色した場合、第２領域１Ｂを自動車用フロントガラスのシェードバンドとして使用できる。シェードバンドとは、フロントガラスの上辺に沿って設けられた帯状の着色領域であり、これにより車内に入射する可視光領域の日射を低減し、運転者が日射等でまぶしさを感じないようにするためのものである。
【００２４】
〔シェードバンド〕
また、第２領域を構成する層のうち、遮蔽性層を除く少なくとも１層（図２では非遮蔽性層２２）を着色し、この着色された領域をシェードバンドとして用いるとよい。第２領域１Ｂにおける赤外線遮蔽性能は、第１領域１Ａにおける赤外線遮蔽性能に比べて劣るが、第２領域１Ｂを着色することで、可視光透過率を低く抑えることができる。その結果、合わせガラス１全体での日射透過率を小さくすることができる。第２領域１Ｂの日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ Ｒ３１０６）に準拠して求められた可視光透過率は、第１領域１Ａの可視光透過率よりも５％以上、特に１０％低いことが好ましい。
【００２５】
ところで、非遮蔽性層２２は、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を全く含有してはいけないわけではなく、遮蔽性層２１に比べて赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の含有量が小さくなるように調整されていればよい。したがって、非遮蔽性層２２は、（１）赤外線遮蔽性微粒子をまったく含まない、（２）遮蔽性層２１における赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の配合割合（中間膜全体の質量に対する赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の質量の割合）の１／１０以下の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を含む、（３）遮蔽性層２１に含まれる赤外線遮蔽性微粒子よりも遮蔽性能が劣る赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を含む、の何れかであればよい。
【００２６】
また、非遮蔽性層２２が多層構造からなる場合は、そのうちの少なくとも一層が上記（１）〜（３）の何れかを満たせばよい。ただし、第２領域１Ｂにおける合わせガラス１の赤外線透過率（８００〜２，０００ｎｍの波長域）が、第１領域１Ａにおける赤外線透過率よりも１％以上高いのであれば、（２）の条件を満たさなくてもよい。
【００２７】
〔合わせガラス１〕
なお、合わせガラス１は、３枚以上のガラス板とこれらのガラス板に挟まれた中間膜とが積層されたものであってもよい。その場合、中間膜の枚数が複数になるため、少なくとも１枚の中間膜が上述の第１領域および第２領域を有する中間膜である必要がある。また、自動車用窓ガラスに使用されるガラス板の厚さは、それぞれ１．２〜５ｍｍが好ましい。この場合、各ガラス板の厚さがそれぞれ同じであってもよいし異なっていてもよい。各ガラス板の厚さが同じ場合、ガラス板の厚さは１．７〜３ｍｍが好ましい。各ガラス板の厚さが異なる場合、薄いガラス板の厚さが１．２〜２．５ｍｍであり、かつ、厚いガラス板の厚さが２〜３ｍｍであることが好ましい。
【００２８】
図３は、中間膜のその他の実施の形態を示す断面図である。同図に示すように、第２領域１Ｂの中間膜１２は、遮蔽性層２１と非遮蔽性層２２との２層で構成されている。この中間膜１２は、第１領域が１層（遮蔽性層２１）、第２領域が第１領域の層構成より１層多い２層（遮蔽性層２１／非遮蔽性層２２）の層構成を有する。なお、中間膜１２の内部または表面にさらに別の層を追加することもできる。
【００２９】
〔中間膜の製造方法〕
次に、中間膜の製造方法の一態様について説明する。まず、可塑剤中に粒径が０．２μｍ以下の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を分散させ、この可塑剤を中間膜の樹脂溶液中に分散添加し、混合混練して赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を含む樹脂原料を得る。次いで、この樹脂原料と、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を実質的に含まない中間膜用樹脂原料とを押出成形等によりフイルム状に成形し、図２または図３に示す中間膜を得た。その際に各樹脂原料を同時に押出成形してもよいし、別々に押出成形したフィルムを貼り合わせて中間膜を製造してもよい。
【００３０】
なお、製造工程を簡略化するためには、各樹脂原料を同時に押出成形することが好ましい。また、第１領域１Ａにおける中間膜１２は、１枚の有機樹脂膜で作製されてもよいし、同じ材料からなる膜を複数積層することで作製してもよい。また、可塑剤の分散添加の際に、各種の添加剤を中間膜の樹脂溶液中に加えることもできる。添加剤としては、各種顔料、有機系紫外線吸収剤、有機系赤外線吸収剤等が挙げられる。可塑剤や中間膜の樹脂溶液用の溶剤としては、公知のものを用いることができる。
【００３１】
また、上記のように、各樹脂原料を同時に押出成形することが好ましい点、製造時の原料管理が容易である点を鑑みると、非遮蔽性層２２には赤外線遮蔽性微粒子がまったく含まれないことが好ましい。さらに、第１領域１Ａにおける中間膜１２の厚さと第２領域１Ｂにおける中間膜１２の厚さとが、ほぼ同じ厚さであることが好ましい。両領域の厚さが極端に異なると、中間膜１２をガラス板１１ａ，１１ｂで挟んだ際に隙間が生じてガラス板１１ａ，１１ｂが剥離するおそれがあるからである。
【００３２】
〔自動車〕
図４は、図１に示す合わせガラスを用いた自動車３０の運転席（図示せず）から前方を眺めた様子を示す。フロントガラスである合わせガラス１は、上述の第１領域１Ａと第２領域１Ｂとを有し、それぞれ赤外線透過率が異なる。第２領域１Ｂとルームミラー３５との間には、赤外線通信機能を備えた車載器３３が設置さている。合わせガラス１の手前にあるダッシュボード３１には、運転席と対向する位置にメータ類３４が設置されている。メータ類３４と運転席との間には、ステアリングホイール３２が設置されている。
【００３３】
また、図５に示すように車載器３３は、受発光部３３ａと第２領域１Ｂとが対向するように設置され、第２領域１Ｂを通じて、車外に設置されている路側アンテナ（図示せず）と赤外線通信が可能となっている。なお、受発光部３３ａが、第２領域１Ｂを介して路側アンテナ（図示せず）と対向する位置であれば、車載器３３をダッシュボード３１上やその他の位置に設けてもよい。
【００３４】
ここで、自動車３０が赤外線通信を行うための好ましい例について説明する。この自動車３０は、車内温度を上昇させる１，０００ｎｍ以上の波長の赤外光を第１領域１Ａでカットし、赤外線通信に用いられる約８５０ｎｍの波長の赤外光を透過させることを特徴とする。そのため、このような効果を奏するために、８００〜２，０００ｎｍの波長域の一部または全部の波長の光について、第２領域１Ｂにおける赤外線透過率が第１領域１Ａにおける赤外線透過率よりも１％以上高くすることが好ましい。
【００３５】
また、中間膜２全体に対する第２領域の面積の割合は、１〜５０％であることが好ましい。中間膜１２の厚さが各領域でほぼ等しい場合、第２領域１Ｂにおける遮蔽性層の合計の厚さは、第１領域１Ａにおける遮蔽性層の厚さよりも薄くなる。そのため、第２領域１Ｂの面積が広すぎると、自動車用ガラスとして充分な赤外線遮蔽性能が得られにくくなる。
【００３６】
そこで、中間膜１２全体に対する第２領域１Ｂの面積の割合を１〜５０％とすることで、合わせガラス１の広範囲にわたって１，０００ｎｍ以上の赤外光をカットすることができる。また、受発光部３３ａと第２領域１ｂとを対向させることで、赤外線通信が可能となる。
【００３７】
以上のように本実施の形態に係る合わせガラスは、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子が分散配合された中間膜を用いているため、赤外線遮蔽性能を付与できる。そのため、合わせガラスのシート抵抗を大きくでき、本実施の態様に係る合わせガラスは、ラジオ、テレビ、ＧＰＳ等のアンテナ機能や各種システムが正常に機能できるための電波透過性能を有する。なお、本実施の形態に係る少なくとも第２領域１Ｂのガラス板のシート抵抗値としては、例えば２０ｋΩ／□以上の抵抗値、特に１０ＭΩ／□以上の抵抗値であることが好ましい。
【００３８】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の実施例について説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【００３９】
ＩＴＯ微粒子（粒径０．０２μm以下）を分散含有した３ＧＨ（トリエチレングリコールビス（２−エチルブチレート））を１０ｇ（ＩＴＯ微粒子の添加量は質量百分率表示で１０％）、通常の３ＧＨを１３０ｇ、およびＰＶＢ（ポリビニルブチラール）樹脂を３６０ｇそれぞれ用意する。ＰＶＢ樹脂中に両方の３ＧＨを添加し、約７０℃に加熱した状態で、３本ロールミキサーで約１５分間程度練り込みこれらを混合することにより、樹脂原料ができあがる。次いで、この樹脂原料を、１９０℃前後の温度を維持しながら、型押出機で厚さ約０．３ｍｍ程度にフィルム状に成形しロールに巻き取ることで、フィルム（ａ）を得た。
【００４０】
一方、ＩＴＯ微粒子を含まないＰＶＢ樹脂（アゾ系染料を添加）からなり、厚さが０．３ｍｍフィルム（ｂ）を用意する。フィルム（ａ）、（ｂ）を、各々１５ｃｍ×３０ｃｍにカットし、長方形の長辺が接するように並べる。並べられたフィルム（ａ）、（ｂ）を、２枚の３０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍのフィルム（ａ）の間に挟み込む。この結果、フィルム（ａ）／フィルム（ｂ）／フィルム（ａ）となっている領域が上記第２領域１Ｂに相当し、フィルム（ａ）／フィルム（ａ）／フィルム（ａ）となっている領域が上記第１領域１Ａに相当する、厚さ０．９ｍｍの中間膜１２を得た。
【００４１】
したがって、第１領域１Ａは、３枚のフィルム（ａ）が接合され、厚さが０．９ｍｍのフィルム（ａ）による１層構造を有する。第２領域は、２枚のフィルム（ａ）の間にフィルム（ｂ）を介在した３層構造を有する。
【００４２】
次に、この中間膜を１辺３０ｃｍの正方形で厚さ２．０ｍｍの２枚のグリーン色フロートガラスで両側からサンドイッチし、このサンドイッチしたものをアルミニウム製パックに入れ、このパックに絶対圧１０ｋＰａの圧力を加えてパック内を１０分間脱気する。次いで、脱気状態のパックを１２０℃のオーブンに移し、この温度を３０分間保持し、真空プレスを実施した。次いで、真空プレスにより仮圧着されたサンドイッチ体をオートクレーブに入れ、圧力１．３ＭＰａ、温度１３５℃で熱圧着処理し、透明な合わせガラスを作製した。
【００４３】
この作製された合わせガラスについて、分光光度計（日立製作所製Ｕ４０００）により波長３００〜２，１００ｎｍの間の透過率を測定し、日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ Ｒ３１０６）に準拠して可視光透過率Ｔｖ、日射透過率Ｔｅを求めた。その結果、合わせガラスの第２領域における可視光透過率Ｔｖが３６％、日射透過率Ｔｅが５０％、合わせガラスの第１領域における可視光透過率Ｔｖが７４％、日射透過率Ｔｅが４６％であった。
【００４４】
図６は、上記製造方法で作られた合わせガラスの第１、２領域の分光透過率を示すグラフである。同図から明らかなように、合わせガラスの波長９００ｎｍの赤外線透過率は、第２領域で約２６％、第１領域で約２４％である。
【００４５】
波長９００ｎｍの赤外光を使って光ビーコンによる通信を行った場合、自動車のフロントガラスが第１領域１Ａのみで構成された合わせガラスであるとすると、車内へ入射する赤外光は、最初に路側アンテナから照射された赤外光の約５．８（≒０．２４×０．２４×１００）％になる。これに対して、第１領域１Ａおよび第２領域１Ｂを有する図１に示す合わせガラス１の場合、車内に入射する赤外光は最初の約６．８（≒０．２６×０．２６×１００）％になる。
【００４６】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明に係る合わせガラスは、第１領域で車内温度を上昇させる１，０００ｎｍ以上の波長の赤外光をカットできるとともに、第２領域を介して赤外線通信に用いられる約８５０ｎｍの赤外光を透過させることができる。また、本発明に係る自動車は、上記合わせガラスを用いることにより、遮熱性にすぐれるとともに、赤外線通信を利用した各種のサービスを利用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の合わせガラスの一実施の形態を示す正面図である。
【図２】図１の合わせガラスのＩＩ−ＩＩ’線概略断面図である。
【図３】図１の合わせガラスのその他の実施の形態を示すＩＩ−ＩＩ’線概略断面図である。
【図４】自動車の一実施の形態を示す説明図である。
【図５】図４のＶ−Ｖ’線概略断面図である。
【図６】合わせガラスの分光透過率の一実施の形態を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
１：合わせガラス
１Ａ：第１領域
１Ｂ：第２領域[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a laminated glass and an automobile using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the use of infrared shielding window glass for vehicle window glass has become widespread for the purpose of suppressing temperature rise in automobiles and reducing cooling load. As a conventional infrared shielding window glass, a glass plate with a thin film in which thin films of various metals or metal oxides are laminated on the surface of the glass plate is used, and the action of these films greatly increases the solar radiation energy incident on the vehicle interior. Can be cut.
[0003]
However, since the thin film has conductivity, it may reduce the radio wave permeability of the window glass and cause problems in antenna functions such as radio, television, or GPS (Global Positioning System) attached to the window glass. . These antennas are made of a wiring pattern (such as a fired body of conductive ceramic paste) printed on the inside of the vehicle such as rear glass. Therefore, in order to maintain the function as an antenna, high radio wave transmission performance is required for the window glass.
[0004]
In order to solve such problems, JP-A-8-259279 (hereinafter referred to as 279) proposes a laminated glass that shields infrared rays while ensuring radio wave transmission performance. This laminated glass has an intermediate film in which functional fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed and blended to shield infrared rays and reduce interference with radio waves.
[0005]
For example, in publication No. 279, as Example 6, 7 g of DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate) in which 20 wt% ITO ultrafine particles (particle size of 0.1 μm or less) are dispersed and 95 g of normal DIDP are added to 323 g of PVB resin. The laminated glass which pinched | interposed the obtained intermediate film with the glass plate is disclosed. That is, a clear glass plate having a thickness of 2 mm and a green glass plate having a thickness of 2 mm are mixed with an ITO ultrafine particle dispersed in an intermediate film (the ITO ultrafine particle is about 0.00% relative to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film. 3 (equivalent to an intermediate film containing approximately 0.2 × 7 ÷ (7 + 95 + 323) × 100) parts by mass) is described. This laminated glass has a solar transmittance Ts of 42.0% and a haze H of 0.2%, has a sufficient solar transmittance, and realizes a low haze.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in Example 6, since the content ratio of the ITO ultrafine particles is small, the transmission of near infrared rays cannot be sufficiently suppressed, which causes the surface temperature and the room temperature of the vehicle seat and the steering wheel to rise. In addition, when the addition ratio of the ITO ultrafine particles is increased to improve the light shielding performance of light in the near-infrared region, problems may occur in various systems using infrared communication.
[0007]
For example, in recent years, VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) using an optical beacon is spreading in Japan. This is a system for preventing traffic congestion on the road by notifying each vehicle of traffic information collected at the information center and notifying the information center of information on the vehicle side. Specifically, bidirectional infrared communication is performed between a device (hereinafter referred to as a roadside antenna) installed on a road and a device (hereinafter referred to as a vehicle-mounted device) installed in an automobile.
[0008]
The keyless entry is a system that opens and closes a door lock by transmitting an infrared signal to a light receiver in the automobile using a light emitter possessed by the owner of the automobile. Therefore, in order for these systems to operate normally, the window glass needs to have infrared transmission performance. In particular, infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm is used in these systems.
[0009]
Therefore, the window glass for automobiles is required to have a capability of sufficiently transmitting infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm. However, the addition of ITO powder for heat shielding not only cuts infrared light with a wavelength in the vicinity of 1,000 nm to 2,000 nm, but also cuts infrared light with a wavelength of about 850 nm. There was a problem that became difficult.
[0010]
The present invention solves such a problem in the prior art, cuts infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm or more, which causes an increase in indoor temperature, and has a wavelength of about 850 nm used for infrared communication. It aims at providing the laminated glass which permeate | transmits the infrared light, and the motor vehicle using the same.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides a laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates and an intermediate film provided between the glass plates are laminated, and the laminated glass is at least first in a front view. and a first region and a second region, wherein the intermediate layer is formed by the intermediate layer material infrared shielding fine particles dispersed therein, the blending proportion is the first region of the infrared shielding fine particles in the intermediate layer In comparison, the laminated glass is characterized in that the infrared transmittance in the second region is higher than the infrared transmittance in the first region by being 2/3 or less in the second region.
[0012]
In one embodiment of the present invention, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the second region is preferably lower than the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the first region. The intermediate film in the second region preferably has an infrared transmittance higher than that of the first region. The intermediate film in the first region is preferably formed of an intermediate film material in which infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended.
[0013]
The infrared shielding fine particles are preferably made of any one selected from tin-doped indium oxide and antimony-doped tin oxide. The infrared shielding fine particles preferably have a particle size of 0.001 to 0.15 μm. Moreover, it is preferable that the transmittance | permeability of all or one part in the wavelength range of 800-2,000 nm in the said 2nd area | region is 1% or more larger than the transmittance | permeability in the said 1st area | region. Further, it is preferable that the intermediate film in the second region has a multilayer structure, and at least one layer of the multilayer structure is a layer substantially not containing infrared shielding fine particles.
[0014]
Moreover, it is preferable that the layer substantially not containing the infrared shielding fine particles is colored. Moreover, it is preferable that the said intermediate film in the said 2nd area | region contains the infrared shielding fine particle of 1/10 or less of the mixture ratio of the infrared shielding fine particle of the said intermediate film in the said 1st area | region. Moreover, this invention provides the laminated glass which concerns on the said aspect, and the vehicle equipment provided with the vehicle equipment which carries out an infrared communication with the apparatus outside a vehicle through the said 2nd area | region.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the laminated glass of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the laminated glass 1 has two regions (a first region 1A and a second region 1B having different infrared transmittances) in a front view. The shape and position of the second region 1B can be set as appropriate, and other regions having infrared transmittances different from those of the first and second regions can be further provided.
[0016]
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line II-II ′ of FIG. The laminated glass 1 is made by pressurizing two glass plates 11a and 11b sandwiching the intermediate film 12 in an autoclave, and pressing and integrating them. The intermediate film 12 is formed of a polyvinyl butyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer organic resin film. Further, the intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A and the second region 1B is made so that the infrared transmittances are different from each other.
[0017]
The intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A is composed of a single layer (shielding layer 21), and the intermediate film 12 in the second region 1B is another organic resin film (in the shielding layer 21 extending from the first region 1A). It has a three-layer structure with a non-shielding layer 22). The intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A is formed from a shielding layer 21 in which infrared shielding fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less (preferably 0.001 to 0.15 μm) are dispersed and blended with the organic resin film described above. Become.
[0018]
The intermediate film 12 in the second region 1 </ b> B has a configuration in which a non-shielding layer 22 substantially not containing infrared shielding fine particles is sandwiched between two shielding layers 21. Therefore, since the content of the infrared shielding fine particles in the second region 1B is smaller than that in the first region 1A, the infrared transmittance in the first region 1A is smaller than the infrared transmittance in the second region 1B. Note that the thickness of each layer in the second region 1B may be equal to or different from each other.
[0019]
[Shielding layer 21]
The shielding layer 21 is obtained by dispersing and blending infrared shielding particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less (preferably 0.15 to 0.001 μm) into the material of the above-described intermediate film 12. As the material of the infrared shielding fine particles, Sn, Ti, Si, Zn, Zr, Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ce, In, Ni, Ag, Cu, Pt, Mn, Ta, W, V, and Mo can be used. Examples thereof include fine particles made of metal, oxide, nitride, sulfide, or a dope doped with Sb or F. These fine particles can be used alone or as a composite. In particular, the use of a mixture obtained by mixing these alone or composites with an organic resin, or a coating obtained by coating these alone or composites with an organic resin material has various performances required for automotive window glass. Effective to get.
[0020]
As the infrared shielding fine particles, it is preferable to use at least one of tin oxide (ATO) fine particles doped with antimony and indium oxide (ITO) fine particles doped with tin. Both ATO fine particles and ITO fine particles have excellent infrared shielding performance, and the blending amount in the intermediate film is small. In addition, when the ATO fine particles and the ITO fine particles are compared, the ITO fine particles are more preferably used as the infrared shielding fine particles because the ITO fine particles have better infrared shielding performance.
[0021]
Further, the shielding layer 21 is dispersion-blended with infrared shielding particles at a dispersion blending ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the shielding layer 21 of the intermediate film 12. It is preferable. The desired infrared shielding performance can be obtained by setting it to 0.1 parts by mass or more, and the haze of the laminated glass can be suppressed small by setting it to 0.5 parts by mass or less, and the appearance of the laminated glass can be improved. .
[0022]
In the above description, an example in which infrared shielding fine particles are blended in the intermediate film 12 to constitute the shielding layer 21 has been described. However, an organic resin film having an infrared shielding film formed thereon can also be used. For example, a film obtained by sandwiching a heat ray reflective film disclosed in JP-A-11-352314 with two polyvinyl butyral films can be used as the intermediate film 12. Furthermore, instead of imparting infrared shielding performance to the intermediate film, laminated glass having an infrared shielding film formed on the surface of the glass plate (particularly, the surface in contact with the intermediate film) may be used.
[0023]
[Non-shielding layer 22]
On the other hand, the non-shielding layer 22 is substantially made of only the material of the intermediate film 12 described above and contains no / almost no infrared shielding fine particles. The non-shielding layer 22 may be colorless and transparent, or may be colored with a coloring agent (organic or inorganic) such as a dye (azo dye or anthraquinone dye) or a pigment. . When the non-shielding layer 22 is colored, the second region 1B can be used as a shade band of an automobile windshield. A shade band is a band-like colored area provided along the upper side of the windshield, which reduces the solar radiation in the visible light area that enters the vehicle, so that the driver does not feel glare from solar radiation. Is to do.
[0024]
[Shade band]
Moreover, it is good to color at least 1 layer (non-shielding layer 22 in FIG. 2) except the shielding layer among the layers which comprise a 2nd area | region, and to use this colored area | region as a shade band. Although the infrared shielding performance in the second region 1B is inferior to the infrared shielding performance in the first region 1A, the visible light transmittance can be kept low by coloring the second region 1B. As a result, the solar radiation transmittance of the entire laminated glass 1 can be reduced. The visible light transmittance obtained in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS R3106) of the second region 1B is preferably 5% or more, particularly 10% lower than the visible light transmittance of the first region 1A.
[0025]
By the way, the non-shielding layer 22 does not necessarily contain the infrared shielding fine particles, and may be adjusted so that the content of the infrared shielding fine particles is smaller than that of the shielding layer 21. Therefore, the non-shielding layer 22 includes (1) no infrared shielding fine particles, and (2) the proportion of the infrared shielding fine particles in the shielding layer 21 (the mass of the infrared shielding fine particles relative to the total mass of the intermediate film). (3) Infrared shielding fine particles having a shielding performance inferior to that of the infrared shielding fine particles contained in the shielding layer 21 may be used.
[0026]
In addition, when the non-shielding layer 22 has a multilayer structure, at least one of them may satisfy any of the above (1) to (3). However, if the infrared transmittance (wavelength range of 800 to 2,000 nm) of the laminated glass 1 in the second region 1B is 1% or more higher than the infrared transmittance in the first region 1A, the condition of (2) is satisfied. It does not have to be satisfied.
[0027]
[Laminated glass 1]
In addition, the laminated glass 1 may be a laminate of three or more glass plates and an intermediate film sandwiched between these glass plates. In that case, since there are a plurality of intermediate films, it is necessary that at least one intermediate film is the above-described intermediate film having the first region and the second region. Moreover, as for the thickness of the glass plate used for the window glass for motor vehicles, 1.2-5 mm is respectively preferable. In this case, the thickness of each glass plate may be the same or different. When the thickness of each glass plate is the same, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 1.7 to 3 mm. When the thickness of each glass plate is different, it is preferable that the thickness of the thin glass plate is 1.2 to 2.5 mm, and the thickness of the thick glass plate is 2 to 3 mm.
[0028]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the intermediate film. As shown in the figure, the intermediate film 12 in the second region 1 </ b> B is composed of two layers of a shielding layer 21 and a non-shielding layer 22. This intermediate film 12 has a layer configuration of two layers (shielding layer 21 / non-shielding layer 22) in which the first region is one layer (shielding layer 21) and the second region is one layer higher than the layer configuration of the first region. Have Further, another layer can be added inside or on the surface of the intermediate film 12.
[0029]
[Method for producing interlayer film]
Next, an aspect of the method for producing the intermediate film will be described. First, infrared shielding fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed in a plasticizer, and the plasticizer is dispersed and added to the resin solution of the intermediate film, and mixed and kneaded to obtain a resin raw material containing the infrared shielding fine particles. obtain. Subsequently, this resin raw material and the resin raw material for an intermediate film substantially free of infrared shielding fine particles were formed into a film shape by extrusion molding or the like, and the intermediate film shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 was obtained. At that time, the respective resin raw materials may be extruded at the same time, or an intermediate film may be produced by laminating separately extruded films.
[0030]
In addition, in order to simplify a manufacturing process, it is preferable to extrude each resin raw material simultaneously. Further, the intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A may be made of one organic resin film, or may be made by laminating a plurality of films made of the same material. In addition, various additives can be added to the resin solution of the intermediate film during the dispersion addition of the plasticizer. Examples of additives include various pigments, organic ultraviolet absorbers, and organic infrared absorbers. As the solvent for the plasticizer or the resin solution of the intermediate film, known solvents can be used.
[0031]
Further, as described above, in view of the point that it is preferable to extrude each resin raw material at the same time and the raw material management at the time of production is easy, the non-shielding layer 22 does not contain any infrared shielding fine particles. It is preferable. Furthermore, it is preferable that the thickness of the intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A and the thickness of the intermediate film 12 in the second region 1B are substantially the same. This is because if the thicknesses of the two regions are extremely different, there is a possibility that a gap is generated when the intermediate film 12 is sandwiched between the glass plates 11a and 11b, and the glass plates 11a and 11b are peeled off.
[0032]
〔Car〕
FIG. 4 shows a front view of a driver's seat (not shown) of the automobile 30 using the laminated glass shown in FIG. Laminated glass 1 which is a windshield has the above-mentioned first region 1A and second region 1B, and has different infrared transmittances. An in-vehicle device 33 having an infrared communication function is installed between the second region 1 </ b> B and the room mirror 35. On the dashboard 31 in front of the laminated glass 1, meters 34 are installed at positions facing the driver's seat. A steering wheel 32 is installed between the meters 34 and the driver's seat.
[0033]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the vehicle-mounted device 33 is installed such that the light emitting / receiving unit 33a and the second region 1B face each other, and a roadside antenna (not shown) installed outside the vehicle through the second region 1B. And infrared communication is possible. Note that the vehicle-mounted device 33 may be provided on the dashboard 31 or in another position as long as the light emitting / receiving unit 33a faces the roadside antenna (not shown) via the second region 1B.
[0034]
Here, a preferable example for the automobile 30 to perform infrared communication will be described. The automobile 30 is characterized in that infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm or more that raises the temperature inside the vehicle is cut in the first region 1A and infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm used for infrared communication is transmitted. . Therefore, in order to achieve such an effect, the infrared transmittance in the second region 1B is 1 higher than the infrared transmittance in the first region 1A for light having a part or all of the wavelength range of 800 to 2,000 nm. It is preferable to increase it by at least%.
[0035]
The ratio of the area of the second region to the entire intermediate film 2 is preferably 1 to 50%. When the thickness of the intermediate film 12 is substantially equal in each region, the total thickness of the shielding layer in the second region 1B is smaller than the thickness of the shielding layer in the first region 1A. Therefore, if the area of the second region 1B is too large, it is difficult to obtain infrared shielding performance sufficient as glass for automobiles.
[0036]
Therefore, by setting the ratio of the area of the second region 1B to the entire intermediate film 12 to 1 to 50%, infrared light of 1,000 nm or more can be cut over a wide range of the laminated glass 1. Moreover, infrared communication is attained by making the light emitting / receiving part 33a and the 2nd area | region 1b oppose.
[0037]
As described above, since the laminated glass according to the present embodiment uses an intermediate film in which infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended, infrared shielding performance can be imparted. Therefore, the sheet resistance of the laminated glass can be increased, and the laminated glass according to the present embodiment has radio wave transmission performance for enabling the antenna functions such as radio, television, and GPS and various systems to function normally. In addition, as a sheet resistance value of the glass plate of at least 2nd area | region 1B which concerns on this Embodiment, it is preferable that it is a resistance value of 20 kohm / square or more, for example, and especially a resistance value of 10 Mohm / square or more.
[0038]
【Example】
Next, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
[0039]
10 g of 3GH (triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylbutyrate)) dispersed and containing ITO fine particles (particle size of 0.02 μm or less) (addition amount of ITO fine particles is 10% in terms of mass percentage), 130 g of normal 3GH , And 360 g of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin. By adding both 3GH into the PVB resin and heating them to about 70 ° C., kneading them for about 15 minutes with a three-roll mixer, and mixing them, a resin raw material is completed. Next, the resin material was formed into a film shape with a thickness of about 0.3 mm with a mold extruder while being maintained at a temperature of about 190 ° C., and wound on a roll to obtain a film (a).
[0040]
On the other hand, a film (b) made of PVB resin (added with an azo dye) not containing ITO fine particles and having a thickness of 0.3 mm is prepared. Films (a) and (b) are each cut into 15 cm × 30 cm and arranged so that the long sides of the rectangle are in contact with each other. The arranged films (a) and (b) are sandwiched between two 30 cm × 30 cm films (a). As a result, the region of film (a) / film (b) / film (a) corresponds to the second region 1B, and is film (a) / film (a) / film (a). An intermediate film 12 having a thickness of 0.9 mm corresponding to the first region 1A was obtained.
[0041]
Accordingly, the first region 1A has a one-layer structure of three films (a) joined together and a film (a) having a thickness of 0.9 mm. The second region has a three-layer structure in which the film (b) is interposed between the two films (a).
[0042]
Next, the intermediate film was sandwiched from two sides by two green float glass with a square of 30 cm on each side and a thickness of 2.0 mm. The sandwich was put in an aluminum pack, and an absolute pressure of 10 kPa was put in this pack. Pressure is applied and the inside of the pack is evacuated for 10 minutes. Next, the degassed pack was transferred to an oven at 120 ° C., this temperature was maintained for 30 minutes, and a vacuum press was performed. Next, the sandwich body temporarily bonded by a vacuum press was placed in an autoclave and subjected to thermocompression bonding at a pressure of 1.3 MPa and a temperature of 135 ° C. to produce a transparent laminated glass.
[0043]
About this produced laminated glass, the transmittance | permeability between wavelengths 300-2,100 nm was measured with the spectrophotometer (Hitachi U4000), visible light transmittance | permeability Tv based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS R3106), The solar transmittance Te was determined. As a result, the visible light transmittance Tv in the second region of the laminated glass is 36%, the solar radiation transmittance Te is 50%, the visible light transmittance Tv in the first region of the laminated glass is 74%, and the solar radiation transmittance Te is 46%. Met.
[0044]
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the spectral transmittance of the first and second regions of the laminated glass made by the above manufacturing method. As is apparent from the figure, the infrared transmittance at a wavelength of 900 nm of the laminated glass is about 26% in the second region and about 24% in the first region.
[0045]
When communication using an optical beacon is performed using infrared light with a wavelength of 900 nm, assuming that the windshield of the automobile is a laminated glass composed only of the first region 1A, the infrared light incident on the interior is first This is about 5.8 (≈0.24 × 0.24 × 100)% of infrared light emitted from the roadside antenna. On the other hand, in the case of the laminated glass 1 shown in FIG. 1 having the first region 1A and the second region 1B, the first infrared light entering the vehicle is about 6.8 (≈0.26 × 0.26 × 100)%.
[0046]
【Effect of the invention】
As is clear from the above description, the laminated glass according to the present invention can cut infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm or more that raises the in-vehicle temperature in the first region, and can perform infrared communication through the second region. The infrared light of about 850 nm used can be transmitted. In addition, the automobile according to the present invention is excellent in heat shielding property by using the laminated glass, and can use various services using infrared communication.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a laminated glass of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II ′ of the laminated glass of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II ′ showing another embodiment of the laminated glass of FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of an automobile.
5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VV ′ of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing an embodiment of spectral transmittance of laminated glass.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Laminated glass 1A: 1st area | region 1B: 2nd area | region

Claims (9)

複数枚のガラス板と、前記各ガラス板の間に設けられた中間膜とが積層された合わせガラスにおいて、
前記合わせガラスは、正面視で少なくとも第１領域と第２領域とを有し、
前記中間膜は赤外線遮蔽性微粒子が分散配合された中間膜材料で形成され、該中間膜における前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の配合割合が前記第１領域に比べて前記第２領域において２／３以下であることで、
前記第２領域における赤外線透過率が前記第１領域の赤外線透過率よりも高いことを特徴とする合わせガラス。In laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates and an intermediate film provided between the glass plates are laminated,
The laminated glass has at least a first region and a second region in front view,
The intermediate layer is formed by the intermediate layer material infrared shielding fine particles dispersed therein, 2/3 or less in the second region than blending proportion of the infrared shielding fine particles in the intermediate layer within the first region So that
A laminated glass, wherein the infrared transmittance in the second region is higher than the infrared transmittance in the first region. 前記第２領域における前記合わせガラスの可視光透過率は、前記第１領域における前記合わせガラスの可視光透過率よりも低い、請求項１に記載の合わせガラス。  The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein a visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the second region is lower than a visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the first region. 前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子は、錫がドープされた酸化インジウム、およびアンチモンがドープされた酸化錫から選択される何れか一つからなる、請求項１または２に記載の合わせガラス。  The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the infrared shielding fine particles are made of any one selected from tin-doped indium oxide and antimony-doped tin oxide. 前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の粒径は、０．００１〜０．１５μｍである、請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の合わせガラス。  The laminated glass as described in any one of Claims 1-3 whose particle size of the said infrared shielding fine particle is 0.001-0.15 micrometer. 前記第２領域における８００〜２，０００ｎｍの波長域における全部または一部の赤外光の透過率は、前記第１領域における透過率よりも１％以上大きい、請求項１〜４の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。  The transmittance of all or part of infrared light in the wavelength region of 800 to 2,000 nm in the second region is 1% or more larger than the transmittance in the first region. Laminated glass according to item. 前記第２領域における前記中間膜は、多層構造を有し、
前記多層構造の少なくとも一層は、赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を実質的に含有しない層である、請求項１〜５の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。The intermediate film in the second region has a multilayer structure,
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one layer of the multilayer structure is a layer substantially not containing infrared shielding fine particles. 前記赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を実質的に含有しない層は、着色されている、請求項６に記載の合わせガラス。  The laminated glass according to claim 6, wherein the layer substantially not containing the infrared shielding fine particles is colored. 前記第２領域における前記中間膜は、前記第１領域における前記中間膜の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子の配合割合の１／１０以下の赤外線遮蔽性微粒子を含む、請求項１〜７の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。The intermediate layer in the second region includes more than 1/10 of the infrared shielding fine particles of the proportion of infrared shielding fine particles of the intermediate layer in the first region, in any one of claims 1-7 Laminated glass as described. 前記請求項１〜８の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラスと、前記第２領域を介して車外の装置と赤外線通信をする車載器とを備えたことを特徴とする自動車。An automobile comprising: the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8 ; and an in-vehicle device that performs infrared communication with a device outside the vehicle via the second region.
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