JP2002173347A - Laminated glass and automobile using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To cut IR light of a wavelength of >=1,000 nm which is the cause for elevation of an interior temperature and to transmit the IR light of a wavelength of about 850 nm used for IR communication. SOLUTION: Plural sheets of glass panes and an intermediate film disposed between the respective glass panes are laminated, by which the laminated glass 1 is constituted. The laminated glass 1 has at least a first region 1A and second region 1B in front view and the IR transmittance of the laminated glass 1 in the second region 1B is higher than the IR transmittance of the first region 1A.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laminated glass and an automobile using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, for the purpose of suppressing a rise in temperature in an automobile and reducing a cooling load, the use of an infrared shielding window glass as a window glass for a vehicle is becoming widespread. As a conventional infrared shielding window glass, a glass plate with a thin film in which various metal or metal oxide thin films are laminated on the surface of the glass plate is used, and the action of these films greatly increases the solar radiation energy incident into the vehicle. Can be cut into

However, since the above-mentioned thin film has conductivity,
The radio wave transmission of the window glass is reduced, and the radio, television or GPS (Global Position
ng System) may cause malfunctions. These antennas are made of a wiring pattern (such as a sintered body of a conductive ceramic paste) printed on the inside of the vehicle, such as a rear glass. Therefore, in order to maintain the function as an antenna, the window glass is required to have high radio wave transmission performance.

In order to solve such a problem, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 8-259279 (hereinafter referred to as 279) proposes a laminated glass that shields infrared rays while ensuring radio wave transmission performance. I have. It is said that this laminated glass has an intermediate film in which functional fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed and blended, and can shield infrared rays and reduce interference with radio waves.

[0005] For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 279 discloses, as Example 6, 20 wt% ITO ultrafine particles (particle diameter: 0.1 μm or less).
(Diisodecyl phthalate) 7 containing
A laminated glass is disclosed in which an interlayer formed by adding 95 g of normal DIDP and 323 g of ordinary DIDP to 323 g of PVB resin is sandwiched between glass plates. That is, a clear glass plate having a thickness of 2 mm and a green glass plate having a thickness of 2 mm were separated by ITO.
An intermediate film in which ultrafine particles are dispersed and blended (total weight of the intermediate film: 10
About 0.3 parts by mass of the ITO ultrafine particles (0% by mass) was used.
2 × 7 ÷ (7 + 95 + 323) × 100) (corresponding to an interlayer blended in parts by mass)). This laminated glass has a solar transmittance Ts
Is 42.0% and haze H is 0.2%, and has sufficient solar radiation transmittance and low haze.

[0006]

However, this embodiment 6
In this case, since the content of the ITO ultrafine particles is small, transmission of near-infrared rays cannot be sufficiently suppressed, which causes an increase in the surface temperature and room temperature of the seats and the steering wheel in the vehicle. In addition, when increasing the addition ratio of the ultrafine ITO particles to improve the shielding performance of light having a wavelength in the near-infrared region, a problem may occur in various systems using infrared communication.

For example, in recent years in Japan, VICS (Vehicle Information and Communicat) using an optical beacon has been proposed.
ion system) is spreading. This is a system for preventing traffic congestion and the like on a road by notifying traffic information collected by an information center to each car and notifying information of the car to the information center. Specifically, devices installed on roads (hereinafter referred to as roadside antennas)
And the equipment installed in the car (hereinafter referred to as onboard equipment)
, Bidirectional infrared communication is performed.

The keyless entry system is a system that opens and closes a door lock by transmitting an infrared signal to a photodetector in a vehicle using a light emitting device possessed by the owner of the vehicle. Therefore, in order for these systems to operate properly, the window glass needs to have infrared transmission properties, and in particular, about 850 n in these systems.
m wavelength infrared light is used.

Therefore, window glass for automobiles is about 850.
It is necessary to have a capability of sufficiently transmitting infrared light having a wavelength of nm. However, the addition of the ITO powder for heat shielding is 1,100.
There is a problem that not only infrared light having a wavelength of about 0 nm to 2,000 nm but also infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm is cut, making infrared communication difficult.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and cuts infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm or more which causes a rise in room temperature, and reduces infrared light used for infrared communication. An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass that transmits infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm and an automobile using the same.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates and an intermediate film provided between the respective glass plates are laminated. The laminated glass has at least a first region and a second region in a front view, and the laminated glass in the second region has an infrared transmittance higher than that of the first region. Provide laminated glass.

In one aspect of the present invention, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the second region is preferably lower than the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the first region. Further, it is preferable that the infrared transmittance of the intermediate film in the second region is higher than the infrared transmittance of the first region. Further, it is preferable that the intermediate film in the first region is formed of an intermediate film material in which infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended.

Preferably, the infrared shielding fine particles are made of any one selected from indium oxide doped with tin and tin oxide doped with antimony. Further, the particle size of the infrared shielding fine particles,
It is preferably from 0.001 to 0.15 μm. Further, it is preferable that the transmittance of all or part of the infrared light in the wavelength region of 800 to 2,000 nm in the second region is 1% or more larger than the transmittance in the first region. Further, it is preferable that the intermediate film in the second region has a multilayer structure, and at least one of the multilayer structures is a layer substantially not containing infrared shielding fine particles.

Further, it is preferable that the layer substantially not containing the infrared shielding fine particles is colored. Further, it is preferable that the intermediate film in the second region contains infrared shielding fine particles of 1/10 or less of the mixing ratio of the infrared shielding fine particles of the intermediate film in the first region. Further, the present invention provides a laminated glass according to the above aspect,
There is provided an automobile, comprising: a vehicle-mounted device that performs infrared communication with a device outside the vehicle via the second area.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the laminated glass of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the laminated glass 1 has two regions (a first region 1A and a second region 1B having different infrared transmittances) in a front view. The shape and position of the second region 1B can be set as appropriate.
Further, another region having an infrared transmittance different from that of the second region may be further provided.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line II-II 'of FIG. The laminated glass 1 is produced by pressing two glass plates 11a and 11b sandwiching the intermediate film 12 in an autoclave, pressing them together and integrating them. The intermediate film 12 is formed of a polyvinyl butyral-based or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based organic resin film or the like. The intermediate film 1 in the first region 1A and the second region 1B
No. 2 is made so that each infrared transmittance may differ from each other.

The intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A is composed of a single layer (shielding layer 21), and the intermediate film 12 in the second region 1B is provided in the shielding layer 21 extending from the first region 1A in another organic layer. It has a three-layer structure including a resin film (non-shielding layer 22). The intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A has a particle diameter of 0.2 μm or less (preferably 0.2 μm) in the organic resin film described above.
(001 to 0.15 μm).

The intermediate film 12 in the second region 1B includes a non-shielding layer 22 substantially free of infrared shielding fine particles.
The structure is sandwiched between two shielding layers 21. Therefore, since the content of the infrared shielding fine particles in the second region 1B is smaller than that in the first region 1A, the infrared transmittance in the first region 1A is smaller than the infrared transmittance in the second region 1B. The thickness of each layer in the second region 1B may be equal to each other or may be different.

[Shielding Layer 21] In the shielding layer 21, infrared shielding fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less (preferably 0.15 to 0.001 μm) are dispersed and mixed in the above-mentioned material of the intermediate film 12. It was done. As the material of the infrared shielding fine particles, Sn, Ti, Si, Zn, Zr, Fe, A
1, Cr, Co, Ce, In, Ni, Ag, Cu, P
Fine particles made of metals, oxides, nitrides, and sulfides of t, Mn, Ta, W, V, and Mo, or dopes obtained by doping these with Sb or F are exemplified. These fine particles can be used alone or as a composite. In particular, the use of a mixture obtained by mixing these single compounds or composites with an organic resin, or a coating product obtained by coating these single compounds or composites with an organic resin material has various properties required for automotive window glass. Effective to get.

As the infrared shielding fine particles, it is preferable to use at least one of tin oxide (ATO) fine particles doped with antimony and indium oxide (ITO) fine particles doped with tin. Both the ATO fine particles and the ITO fine particles are excellent in infrared shielding performance, and can be incorporated in a small amount into the interlayer film. In addition, ATO fine particles and ITO
When compared with fine particles, ITO fine particles have better infrared shielding performance.
It is particularly preferable to use fine particles.

The shielding layer 21 is used in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the entire shielding layer 21 of the intermediate film 12.
It is preferable that the infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended at a dispersion blending ratio of parts by mass. By setting the amount to 0.1 part by mass or more, a desired infrared shielding performance can be obtained, and by setting the amount to 0.5 part by mass or less, the haze of the laminated glass can be suppressed small, and the appearance of the laminated glass can be improved. .

In the above description, an example in which infrared shielding fine particles are blended in the intermediate film 12 to form the shielding layer 21 has been described. However, an organic resin film in which an infrared shielding film is formed is used. You can also. For example, JP-A-11
No. 3,352,314 can be used as the intermediate film 12 by sandwiching the film with two polyvinyl butyral films. further,
Instead of imparting infrared shielding performance to the intermediate film, laminated glass having an infrared shielding film formed on the surface of a glass plate (particularly, the surface in contact with the intermediate film) may be used.

[Non-shielding layer 22] On the other hand, the non-shielding layer 22
Consists essentially of only the material of the above-mentioned intermediate film 12, and contains no / almost no infrared shielding fine particles. The non-shielding layer 22 may be colorless and transparent, or may be colored with a coloring agent (organic or inorganic) such as a dye (such as an azo dye or an anthraquinone dye) or a pigment. . When the non-shielding layer 22 is colored, the second region 1B can be used as a shade band of an automobile windshield. The shade band is a band-shaped colored region provided along the upper side of the windshield, thereby reducing sunlight in a visible light region entering the vehicle, so that the driver does not feel glare due to sunlight or the like. It is for doing.

[Shade Band] Of the layers constituting the second region, at least one layer other than the shielding layer (the non-shielding layer 22 in FIG. 2) is colored, and the colored region is used as a shade band. Good to use. Although the infrared shielding performance in the second region 1B is inferior to the infrared shielding performance in the first region 1A, by coloring the second region 1B,
Visible light transmittance can be kept low. As a result, the solar transmittance of the entire laminated glass 1 can be reduced. Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS R310) for the second area 1B
The visible light transmittance determined according to 6) is the first region 1
It is preferable that the visible light transmittance of A is lower by 5% or more, particularly 10%.

Incidentally, the non-shielding layer 22 must not contain any infrared shielding fine particles at all, and is adjusted so that the content of the infrared shielding fine particles is smaller than that of the shielding layer 21. Just fine. Therefore, the non-shielding layer 22 contains (1) no infrared-shielding fine particles at all, and (2) the mixing ratio of the infrared-shielding fine particles in the shielding layer 21 (the ratio of the mass of the infrared-shielding fine particles to the mass of the entire intermediate film). Or (3) infrared shielding fine particles whose shielding performance is inferior to the infrared shielding fine particles contained in the shielding layer 21.

When the non-shielding layer 22 has a multi-layer structure, at least one of the layers has the above-mentioned structure (1) to (4).
It suffices if any of (3) is satisfied. However, the second area 1B
Infrared transmittance of the laminated glass 1 (800 to 2,
(A wavelength range of 000 nm) is 1% or more higher than the infrared transmittance in the first region 1A, the condition (2) need not be satisfied.

[Laminated Glass 1] Laminated Glass 1
May be formed by laminating three or more glass plates and an intermediate film sandwiched between these glass plates. In that case,
Since the number of intermediate films is plural, at least one intermediate film needs to be an intermediate film having the above-described first region and second region. The thickness of the glass plate used for the window glass for automobiles is preferably 1.2 to 5 mm.
In this case, the thickness of each glass plate may be the same or different. When the thickness of each glass plate is the same, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 1.7 to 3 mm. When the thickness of each glass plate is different, the thickness of the thin glass plate is 1.
2 to 2.5 mm, and the thickness of the thick glass plate is 2
It is preferably about 3 mm.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the intermediate film. As shown in the figure, the intermediate film 12 in the second region 1B is composed of two layers, a shielding layer 21 and a non-shielding layer 22. The intermediate film 12 has a first region of one layer (shielding layer 21) and a second region of one layer from the layer structure of the first region.
It has a layer configuration of two layers (shielding layer 21 / non-shielding layer 22). Note that another layer can be further added inside or on the surface of the intermediate film 12.

[Method of Manufacturing Intermediate Film] Next, one embodiment of a method of manufacturing an intermediate film will be described. First, infrared shielding fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed in a plasticizer, and the plasticizer is dispersed and added to the resin solution of the interlayer, mixed and kneaded to obtain a resin raw material containing the infrared shielding fine particles. obtain. Next, this resin raw material and a resin raw material for an intermediate film substantially containing no infrared shielding fine particles were formed into a film by extrusion molding or the like to obtain an intermediate film shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. At that time, each resin raw material may be extruded at the same time, or films extruded separately may be laminated to produce an intermediate film.

In order to simplify the manufacturing process, it is preferable to simultaneously extrude each resin raw material. Also,
The intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A may be made of one organic resin film, or may be made by stacking a plurality of films made of the same material. When the plasticizer is dispersed and added, various additives can be added to the resin solution of the intermediate film. Examples of the additives include various pigments, organic ultraviolet absorbers, organic infrared absorbers, and the like. Known solvents can be used as the plasticizer and the solvent for the resin solution of the intermediate film.

In view of the fact that it is preferable to simultaneously extrude each resin raw material and that the raw material management at the time of production is easy as described above, the non-shielding layer 22 contains no infrared shielding fine particles at all. Preferably, it is not included. Furthermore, it is preferable that the thickness of the intermediate film 12 in the first region 1A and the thickness of the intermediate film 12 in the second region 1B are substantially the same. If the thicknesses of the two regions are extremely different from each other, a gap is generated when the intermediate film 12 is sandwiched between the glass plates 11a and 11b, and the glass plates 11a and 11b may be separated.

[Automobile] FIG. 4 shows a front view from the driver's seat (not shown) of the automobile 30 using the laminated glass shown in FIG. The laminated glass 1 as a windshield has the above-described first region 1A and second region 1B, and has different infrared transmittances. A vehicle-mounted device 3 having an infrared communication function is provided between the second area 1B and the rear-view mirror 35.
3 are installed. The dashboard 31 in front of the laminated glass 1 has a meter 3 at a position facing the driver's seat.
4 are installed. The steering wheel 32 is installed between the meters 34 and the driver's seat.

As shown in FIG. 5, the vehicle-mounted device 33 is installed so that the light emitting / receiving section 33a and the second area 1B face each other, and a roadside antenna (see FIG. 5) installed outside the vehicle through the second area 1B. (Not shown) and infrared communication. Note that the vehicle-mounted device 33 may be provided on the dashboard 31 or at another position as long as the light receiving / emitting unit 33a faces a roadside antenna (not shown) via the second area 1B.

Here, a preferred example for the vehicle 30 to perform infrared communication will be described. This car 30
The infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm or more, which raises the temperature inside the vehicle, is cut in the first area 1A, and the infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm used for infrared communication is transmitted. Therefore, in order to achieve such an effect, 80
The infrared transmittance of the second region 1B for the light of a part or the entire wavelength of the wavelength region of 0 to 2,000 nm is the first.
It is preferable that the infrared transmittance in the region 1A is higher by 1% or more.

The ratio of the area of the second region to the entire intermediate film 2 is preferably 1 to 50%. When the thickness of the intermediate film 12 is substantially equal in each region, the total thickness of the shielding layer in the second region 1B is smaller than the thickness of the shielding layer in the first region 1A. Therefore, the second area 1
If the area of B is too large, it will be difficult to obtain sufficient infrared shielding performance as automotive glass.

Therefore, by setting the ratio of the area of the second region 1B to the entire intermediate film 12 to 1 to 50%, infrared light of 1,000 nm or more can be cut over a wide range of the laminated glass 1. In addition, by making the light emitting / receiving unit 33a and the second area 1b face each other, infrared communication can be performed.

As described above, since the laminated glass according to the present embodiment uses an interlayer in which infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended, infrared shielding performance can be imparted. Therefore, the sheet resistance of the laminated glass can be increased, and the laminated glass according to this embodiment has an antenna function of a radio, a television, a GPS, and the like, and has radio wave transmission performance that allows various systems to function normally. The sheet resistance of the glass plate of at least the second region 1B according to the present embodiment is, for example, 20 kΩ / □ or more, particularly 10 MΩ / □.
The resistance value is preferably not less than □.

[0038]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to these.

3GH (triethylene glycol bis (2) containing dispersed ITO fine particles (particle size: 0.02 μm or less)
-Ethyl butyrate)) of 10 g (the addition amount of the ITO fine particles is 10% by mass percentage) and ordinary 3GH of 130 g
g and PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin
Prepare 0g each. By adding both 3GHs to the PVB resin, heating the mixture to about 70 ° C., kneading them for about 15 minutes with a three-roll mixer, and mixing them, a resin material is completed. Next, this resin material is
While maintaining the temperature of about 190 ° C., the film was formed into a film having a thickness of about 0.3 mm by a mold extruder and wound around a roll to obtain a film (a).

On the other hand, a film (b) made of a PVB resin (containing an azo dye) containing no ITO fine particles and having a thickness of 0.3 mm is prepared. Each of the films (a) and (b) is cut into a size of 15 cm × 30 cm and arranged so that the long sides of the rectangle are in contact with each other. Films (a), (b) arranged
Is sandwiched between two 30 cm × 30 cm films (a). As a result, film (a) / film (b)
/ The area of the film (a) is the second area 1B
And an area of film (a) / film (a) / film (a) corresponding to the first area 1A was obtained, and an intermediate film 12 having a thickness of 0.9 mm was obtained.

Therefore, the first region 1A has a single-layer structure composed of a film (a) having a thickness of 0.9 mm to which three films (a) are joined. The second region has a three-layer structure in which the film (b) is interposed between the two films (a).

Next, this intermediate film was sandwiched from both sides with two green float glass sheets of 2.0 mm thick, each having a square of 30 cm on a side, and the sandwich was put in an aluminum pack. Pressure 10
The inside of the pack is evacuated for 10 minutes by applying a pressure of kPa. Next, the degassed pack is transferred to a 120 ° C. oven,
This temperature was maintained for 30 minutes, and a vacuum press was performed. Next, the sandwich body temporarily compressed by a vacuum press is put into an autoclave, and the pressure is 1.3 MPa and the temperature is 135.
A thermocompression bonding treatment was performed at a temperature of ℃ to produce a transparent laminated glass.

With respect to the produced laminated glass, a wavelength of 300 was measured by a spectrophotometer (U4000 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
２，2,100 nm was measured, and the visible light transmittance Tv, in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS R3106),
The solar transmittance Te was determined. As a result, the visible light transmittance Tv in the second region of the laminated glass is 36%, the solar transmittance Te is 50%, the visible light transmittance Tv in the first region of the laminated glass is 74%, and the solar transmittance Te is 46%. Met.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the spectral transmittance of the first and second regions of the laminated glass produced by the above method.
As is clear from FIG.
The infrared transmittance of m is approximately 26% in the second region and approximately 24% in the first region.

When communication by an optical beacon is performed using infrared light having a wavelength of 900 nm, assuming that the windshield of the automobile is a laminated glass including only the first region 1A, the infrared light incident on the interior of the vehicle is About 5.8 (≒ 0.24 × 0.24) of the infrared light first radiated from the roadside antenna.
× 100)%. On the other hand, in the case of the laminated glass 1 shown in FIG.
6 × 0.26 × 100)%.

[0046]

As is apparent from the above description, the laminated glass according to the present invention can cut infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 nm or more, which raises the temperature inside the vehicle, in the first region, and can reduce the second region. About 8 used for infrared communication via
50 nm infrared light can be transmitted. In addition, the automobile according to the present invention has excellent heat shielding properties and can use various services using infrared communication by using the laminated glass.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing one embodiment of a laminated glass of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line II-II ′ of the laminated glass of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line II-II ′ showing another embodiment of the laminated glass in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of an automobile.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along line V-V 'of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an embodiment of the spectral transmittance of a laminated glass.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Laminated glass 1A: First area 1B: Second area

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4F100 AA28B AA33B AB21B AB22B AG00A AG00C AK23 AR00B BA03 BA06 BA10A BA10C CA13 DB00A DB00B DB00C DE01B GB32 JD10 JL10B JN08 JN30B YY00A YY00B YY00C02 A02A02A02A02A02A02A02A02A02A02A02A02A02B02 DA23 DA38 DA46

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates and an intermediate film provided between the respective glass plates are laminated, wherein the laminated glass has at least a first region and a second region in a front view. The laminated glass in the second region has a higher infrared transmittance than the first region. 2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein a visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the second region is lower than a visible light transmittance of the laminated glass in the first region. 3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate film in the second region has an infrared transmittance higher than that of the first region. 4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate film in the first region is formed of an intermediate film material in which infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended. 5. The laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein the infrared shielding fine particles are made of any one selected from indium oxide doped with tin and tin oxide doped with antimony. 6. The infrared shielding fine particles have a particle size of 0.0
The laminated glass according to claim 5, which has a thickness of from 0.1 to 0.15 µm. 7. 800 to 2,000 in said second area.
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transmittance of all or a part of the infrared light in a wavelength region of nm is 1% or more larger than the transmittance of the first region. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the intermediate film in the second region has a multilayer structure, and at least one of the multilayer structures is a layer substantially not containing infrared shielding fine particles. A laminated glass according to any one of the preceding claims. 9. The laminated glass according to claim 8, wherein the layer substantially not containing the infrared shielding fine particles is colored. 10. The intermediate film in the second region contains infrared shielding fine particles of 1/10 or less of the mixing ratio of the infrared shielding fine particles of the intermediate film in the first region.
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 4 to 9. 11. An automobile comprising: the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10; and a vehicle-mounted device that performs infrared communication with a device outside the vehicle via the second region. .