JP5433123B2 - Laminated glass - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to laminated glass.

  In recent years, the use of infrared shielding window glass for vehicle window glass has become widespread for the purpose of suppressing temperature rise in automobiles and reducing cooling load. As a conventional infrared shielding window glass, a glass plate with a thin film in which thin films of various metals or metal oxides are laminated on the surface of the glass plate is used, and the action of these films greatly increases the solar radiation energy incident on the vehicle interior. Can be cut.

  However, since the thin film has conductivity, it may reduce the radio wave permeability of the window glass and cause problems in antenna functions such as radio, television, or GPS (Global Positioning System) attached to the window glass. . These antennas are made of a wiring pattern (such as a fired body of conductive ceramic paste) printed on the inside of the vehicle such as rear glass. Therefore, in order to maintain the function as an antenna, high radio wave transmission performance is required for the window glass.

[Prior art 1]
In order to solve such problems, JP-A-8-259279 (hereinafter referred to as 279) proposes a laminated glass that shields infrared rays while ensuring radio wave transmission performance. This laminated glass has an intermediate film in which functional fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed and blended to shield infrared rays and reduce interference with radio waves.

  For example, in publication No. 279, as Example 6, 7 g of DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate) in which 20 wt% ITO ultrafine particles (particle size of 0.1 μm or less) are dispersed and 95 g of normal DIDP are added to 323 g of PVB resin. The laminated glass which pinched | interposed the obtained intermediate film with the glass plate is disclosed. That is, a clear glass plate having a thickness of 2 mm and a green glass plate having a thickness of 2 mm are mixed with an ITO ultrafine particle dispersed in an intermediate film (the ITO ultrafine particle is about 0.00% relative to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film. 3 (equivalent to an intermediate film containing approximately 0.2 × 7 ÷ (7 + 95 + 323) × 100) parts by mass) is described. This laminated glass has a solar transmittance Ts of 42.0% and a haze H of 0.2%, has a sufficient solar transmittance, and realizes a low haze.

  However, in Example 6, since the content ratio of the ITO ultrafine particles is small, the transmission of near infrared rays cannot be sufficiently suppressed, which causes the surface temperature and the room temperature of the vehicle seat and the steering wheel to rise.

[Prior art 2]
On the other hand, the relationship between the infrared shielding performance and the amount of fine particles is described in Japanese Patent No. 2715859 (hereinafter referred to as “859”). This publication describes an infrared cut-off material in which ITO powder is dispersed in an organic resin, and FIG. 1 of No. 859 describes the relationship between infrared shielding performance and the amount of ITO powder added.

  The following can be understood by comparing Example 3 and Example 4 in FIG. In Example 3, 8 g of ITO powder was dispersed and kneaded in a solvent containing 10 g of an acrylic resin solution. On the other hand, in Example 4, 8 g of ITO powder was dispersed and kneaded in a solvent containing 4 g of polycarbonate resin. The major difference between Example 3 and Example 4 is that Example 4 has a larger proportion of ITO powder added to the resin than Example 3.

  Further, as is clear from the graph of FIG. 1 of the 859 gazette, the light shielding performance in the mid-infrared wavelength region near 1,500 nm is not greatly affected by the addition ratio of the ITO powder (Example 3). The transmittance of about 5%, the transmittance of Example 4 is about 1%), and the light shielding performance in the near-infrared wavelength region near 1,000 nm is influenced by the addition ratio of ITO powder. It can be seen (the transmittance of Example 3 is about 22% and the transmittance of Example 4 is 3%). Therefore, by increasing the addition ratio of the ITO powder, it is possible to improve the light shielding performance of light in the near-infrared wavelength region near the wavelength of 1,000 nm.

  However, when the ITO powder addition ratio is increased to improve the light shielding performance of light in the near-infrared region, problems may occur in various systems using infrared communication.

  For example, in recent years, VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) using an optical beacon is spreading in Japan. This is a system for preventing traffic jams on roads by notifying each vehicle of traffic information collected at the information center and notifying the information center of information on the vehicle side. Specifically, bidirectional infrared communication is performed between a device (hereinafter referred to as a roadside antenna) installed on a road and a device (hereinafter referred to as a vehicle-mounted device) installed in an automobile.

  The keyless entry is a system that opens and closes a door lock by transmitting an infrared signal to a light receiver in the automobile using a light emitter possessed by the owner of the automobile. Therefore, in order for these systems to operate normally, the window glass needs to have infrared transmission performance. In particular, infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm is used in these systems.

  Therefore, the window glass for automobiles is required to have a capability of sufficiently transmitting infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm. However, the addition of ITO powder for heat shielding has a problem that it not only cuts infrared light having a wavelength near 1,000 nm, but also cuts infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm. In addition, when a large amount of fine particles such as ITO powder is dispersed in the intermediate film, the transparency is lowered and the haze of the produced laminated glass is increased. The increase in haze causes the driver's visibility to deteriorate.

Problems to be solved by the invention

  As is clear from the above, in an automotive window glass, infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 to 1,100 nm that contributes to an increase in vehicle interior temperature is shielded, and a wavelength of about 850 nm used for infrared communication. There is a need for a window glass that transmits infrared light. However, in order to sufficiently shield infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 to 1,100 nm, the addition ratio of ITO ultrafine particles must be increased. As a result, infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm is shielded so that infrared communication is hindered and haze is increased.

  The present invention solves such a problem in the prior art, and cuts infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 to 1,100 nm, which causes an increase in room temperature, and is used for infrared communication. A first object is to provide a laminated glass that transmits infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm.

  Moreover, this invention makes it the 2nd objective to provide the laminated glass which suppressed the increase in the haze which arises by addition of ITO powder, and improved the external appearance property.

Means for solving the problem

  In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides a laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates and an intermediate film provided between the glass plates are laminated. It consists of an organic resin film in which infrared shielding fine particles of 2 μm or less are dispersed and blended, and the product of solar transmittance of each glass plate is 0.3 to 0.6, and the infrared shielding fine particles in the intermediate film The dispersion blending ratio of is 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film.

  Moreover, it is preferable to take the following structures as 1 aspect of this invention. That is, the plurality of glass plates are made of soda lime silica glass, and the amount of iron contained in each glass plate so that the product of the solar transmittance of each glass plate is 0.3 to 0.6. Is preferably adjusted.

A sum of the alignment in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ was the content of the total iron contained in the glass plate constituting the glass pieces combined in 1 cm ² cut from the glass is preferably 2～7Mg. The infrared shielding fine particles are preferably made of any one selected from tin-doped indium oxide and antimony-doped tin oxide.

Also, the mating sum of the content of _Fe 2 _{O 3-converted} FeO contained in each glass plate constituting the glass pieces combined in 1 cm ² cut from the glass is preferably 0.5 to 2.5. Furthermore, it is preferable that the content of the fine particles contained in the interlayer film in the 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass is 0.1 to 0.5 mg.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[1. Laminated glass structure)
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing one embodiment (laminated glass) of the present invention. The laminated glass 1 is produced by pressurizing two glass plates 11a and 11b sandwiching the intermediate film 12 in an autoclave, and pressing and integrating them. The intermediate film 12 is made by dispersing and blending infrared shielding fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less (preferably 0.001 to 0.15 μm) into a polyvinyl butyral film or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film. .

[2. Method for producing interlayer film]
Here, a method for manufacturing the intermediate film will be described. Infrared shielding fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed in a plasticizer, and then this plasticizer is dispersed and added to the resin solution, followed by mixing and kneading to obtain a resin material for a film. Thereafter, this film resin raw material is formed by extrusion molding or the like to obtain an intermediate film in which infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended.

  Various additives can be added together when the plasticizer is dispersed and added to the resin solution. Examples of the type of additive include various pigments, organic ultraviolet absorbers, organic infrared absorbers, and the like. Moreover, a well-known thing can be used as said plasticizer and resin solution.

[3. (Types of infrared shielding fine particles)
Examples of the material of the infrared shielding fine particles include Sn, Ti, Si, Zn, Zr, Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ce, In, Ni, Ag, Cu, Pt, Mn, Ta, W, V, and Mo. Examples thereof include fine particles made of metal, oxide, nitride, sulfide, or a dope doped with Sb or F. These fine particles can be used alone or as a composite. In addition, use of a mixture obtained by mixing these alone or composite with an organic resin or a coating obtained by coating these alone or composite with an organic resin provides various performances required for window glass for automobiles. It is effective for.

  Further, as the infrared shielding fine particles, it is preferable to use antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) fine particles or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) fine particles. Both ATO fine particles and ITO fine particles are excellent in infrared shielding performance, and the blending amount in the intermediate film is small. In addition, when the ATO fine particles and the ITO fine particles are compared, the ITO fine particles are more preferably used as the infrared shielding fine particles because the ITO fine particles have better infrared shielding performance.

  On the other hand, in order to obtain a desired infrared shielding performance, it is necessary to disperse a certain amount or more of infrared shielding fine particles in the intermediate film, but the addition of a large amount of fine particles increases the haze of the intermediate film. Therefore, in order to reduce the haze of the intermediate film, the dispersion blending ratio of the infrared shielding fine particles in the intermediate film should be 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film. preferable.

  However, with this dispersion blending ratio, the light shielding performance for light in the mid-infrared region (1,500 to 5,000 nm) is sufficient, but the light shielding performance for light in the near-infrared region (particularly around 1,000 nm). Is not sufficient (see Example 5 of laminated glass in FIG. 3A described later and Example 22 of laminated glass in FIG. 3B), the following measures are taken.

[4. (Type of glass plate)
Soda lime silica glass containing a larger amount of iron than ordinary float glass is used in at least one of the glass plates 11a and 11b. As a result, near infrared rays can be absorbed by the glass plate, and the infrared shielding performance can be maintained even if the addition amount of the infrared shielding fine particles is small. Specifically, the iron content is adjusted so that the product of the solar transmittance obtained in accordance with JIS R3106-1998 of the glass plates 11a and 11b is 0.3 to 0.6.

If ITO fine particles are used as the infrared shielding fine particles, the total content of iron in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ contained in each glass plate constituting a 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass is 2 The iron content is adjusted to be -7 mg (preferably 3-6 mg). In this case, the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass pieces is more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mg, and 70% or more of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm. Can be shielded.

As a specific composition of soda lime silica glass, a soda lime silica base glass containing 0.2 to 1% gold iron converted to Fe ₂ O _{3 in} terms of mass percentage is preferable. Near-infrared absorption is dominated by divalent iron out of total iron, so the mass of FeO converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ (divalent iron) is the mass of total iron converted to Fe ₂ O _3. It is preferable that it is 20 to 40% of.

Hereinafter, “FeO mass in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ ” is simply referred to as “FeO mass”, and “FeO content” is also used in the same meaning. Further, “mass of total iron in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ ” is simply referred to as “mass of total iron”, and “content of total iron” is also used in the same meaning.

[5. Characteristics of laminated glass pieces
A 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass will be described.
Fig.2 (a) is a front view which shows a laminated glass and the laminated glass piece cut out from this laminated glass. FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view taken along line BB ′. As shown in FIG. 2A, assuming a 1 cm square area on the surface of the laminated glass 1, the cross section is composed of the glass plate 11aA, the intermediate film 12A, and the glass plate 11bA shown in FIG. Is done.

  Therefore, the sum total of the content of iron contained in each glass plate constituting the laminated glass piece A indicates the sum of the iron content contained in the glass plate 11aA and the iron content contained in the glass plate 11bA. Similarly, the sum total of the content of FeO contained in each glass plate constituting the laminated glass piece A indicates the sum of the content of FeO contained in the glass plate 11aA and the content of FeO contained in the glass plate 11bA. . Further, the content of ITO fine particles contained in an intermediate film constituting the laminated glass piece described later indicates the content of ITO fine particles contained in the intermediate film 12A.

  Since iron, FeO, ITO fine particles and the like are basically uniformly dispersed in the laminated glass, the position where the laminated glass piece A is cut out is not limited to the position shown in FIG. Absent. It can be cut out from any region of the laminated glass 1.

  Here, the reason why the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass pieces is preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mg will be described. In order for the optical beacon to operate normally, it is necessary that infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm is sufficiently transmitted through the laminated glass. If the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate constituting the laminated glass piece exceeds 2.5 mg, the laminated glass will shield 25% or more of infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm. .

  On the contrary, when the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate constituting the laminated glass piece is less than 0.5 mg, in order to make the solar transmittance of the laminated glass 50% or less, a large amount of infrared shielding fine particles Will need to be added, increasing haze. Therefore, the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass pieces is preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mg.

  Next, the reason why it is preferable to use ITO fine particles as the infrared shielding fine particles will be described. When the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass pieces is 0.5 to 2.5 mg, the content of ITO fine particles contained in the interlayer film of the laminated glass pieces is 0.1 to 0.5 mg. It is preferable that

  The reason for this is as follows. The content of FeO and the content of ITO fine particles in the laminated glass piece affect the transmittance of solar radiation irradiated per unit area of the laminated glass. On the other hand, in order to keep the haze of the intermediate film small, it is necessary that the dispersion compounding ratio of the ITO fine particles in the intermediate film is 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film. is there.

  When the thickness of the intermediate film is in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 mm, the content of the ITO fine particles contained in the intermediate belly of the laminated glass piece is generally in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mg. Further, an intermediate film of laminated glass pieces containing ITO fine particles less than 0.1 mg transmits 90% or more of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm. Therefore, in order to sufficiently shield infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm, it is preferable that 0.1 mg or more of ITO fine particles are contained in the interlayer film of the laminated glass piece.

  About 2.5% of FeO contained in the laminated glass piece and 0.1 mg or more of ITO can shield 80% or more of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm.

  By the way, the ITO fine particles dispersed and blended in the intermediate film hardly affect the transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm. That is, the transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm is determined according to the amount of FeO as long as it is a dispersion blend ratio of ITO fine particles that does not cause a problem in haze of the laminated glass. The addition of FeO decreases the transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm and the transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm. 0.5 to 2.5 mg of FeO and 0.1 to 0.5 mg of ITO contained in the laminated glass piece can increase the transmittance of infrared light at a wavelength of 850 nm to 30% or more, so that the optical beacon is normal. It can be said that it is preferable for operation.

  Moreover, by making the product of the solar radiation transmittance | permeability calculated | required based on JISR3106-1998 of each glass plate which comprises a laminated glass to 0.3-0.6, with respect to 100 mass parts of total mass of an intermediate film Therefore, the solar transmittance of the laminated glass in which 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass of the infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and mixed in the intermediate film can be reduced to 50% or less. In addition, the product of solar transmittance means the product of the solar transmittance (percentage display divided by 100) of each glass plate constituting the laminated glass.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the product of the transmittance | permeability of the light of 1,100 nm wavelength of each glass plate which comprises laminated glass is 0.15-0.5. Thereby, the laminated glass which has sufficient infrared shielding performance can be obtained, suppressing the haze of a laminated glass small. In addition, the product of the transmittance | permeability of the light of a wavelength of 1,100 nm means the product of the transmittance | permeability (percentage display divided by 100) of each glass plate which comprises a laminated glass.

  In the present embodiment, the transmittance of infrared light of each wavelength such as 1,100 nm and 850 nm can be obtained by measuring the spectral transmittance according to JIS R3106-1998. In addition, the method for measuring the spectral transmittance of the intermediate film is basically the same method as that of the glass plate and laminated glass, and when the intermediate film is embossed, the intermediate film is heated and smoothed. taking measurement.

(Composition example 1 of a glass plate)
On the other hand, you may use the glass plate of the characteristic shown below for the at least 1 glass plate of laminated glass. Actual thickness, UV transmittance determined according to ISO-9050 is 30% or less, visible light transmittance measured with standard light source A is 70% or more, main wavelength is 480 to 570 nm, measured with standard light source A It is preferable to use a glass plate having a characteristic that the excitation purity is 6% or less.

The glass plate which has the said characteristic is produced by using the soda-lime silica glass which consists of the following compositions by a mass percentage display substantially. _{That, SiO 2: 65~75%, Al} 2 O 3: 0.1~5%, Na 2 O + K 2 O: 10~18%, CaO: 5~15%, MgO: 1~6%, Fe 2 O _3-converted total iron: 0.3% total cerium CeO ₂ in terms and / or _TiO 2: consisting of 0.5% to 2%.

  Moreover, since the glass plate which has the above characteristic has infrared absorption performance, even if it mix | blends the compounding quantity to the intermediate film of infrared shielding fine particles, the laminated glass which provided sufficient infrared shielding performance can be manufactured. Therefore, the haze of the intermediate film can be reduced, and the appearance of the laminated glass can be improved.

(Composition example 2 of glass plate)
Furthermore, in actual thickness, the ultraviolet light transmittance determined in accordance with ISO-9050 is 15% or less, the visible light transmittance measured by the standard light source A is 70% or more, the dominant wavelength is 480 to 570 nm, and the standard light source A is used. A glass plate having a characteristic that the measured stimulus purity is 6% or less has the following effects. That is, the laminated glass using the above glass plate can prevent an increase in haze accompanying the addition of infrared shielding fine particles, and can have both functions of infrared shielding performance and ultraviolet shielding performance.

  The ultraviolet transmittance of this glass plate is determined by the actual thickness of the glass plate, and the ultraviolet transmittance determined in accordance with ISO-9050 is 30% or less (preferably 15% or less). Moreover, the main wavelength calculated | required based on JISZ8701-1982 of the said glass plate will be 480-570 nm (preferably 500-540 nm). Furthermore, the excitation purity at the actual thickness of the glass plate is determined according to JIS Z8701-1982 using the standard light source A, and is 6% or less (preferably 2 to 6%). JIS means Japanese Industrial Standard.

(Thickness of glass plate)
As for the thickness of each glass plate in this Embodiment, 1.2-5 mm is respectively preferable. In this case, each thickness of the plurality of glass plates may be the same or different. When the thickness of a plurality of glass plates is the same, the thickness of each glass plate is preferably 1.7 to 3 mm. When the thicknesses of the plurality of glass plates are different, it is preferable that the thickness of the thin glass plate is 1.2 to 2.5 mm, and the thickness of the thick glass plate is 2 to 5 mm.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the laminated glass 1 has two glass plates laminated via an intermediate film, but laminated glass (glass plate) obtained by laminating three or more glass plates via an intermediate film. / Intermediate film / glass plate /.../ intermediate film / glass plate). In that case, since there are a plurality of intermediate films, at least one of the intermediate films may be an intermediate film in which infrared shielding fine particles are dispersed and blended. In the case of laminated glass having three or more glass plates, the total iron contained in each glass plate constituting the laminated glass pieces and the total content of FeO are all iron contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass pieces. This corresponds to the total content of FeO and FeO. As mentioned above, as for the laminated glass of this Embodiment, each glass plate may have the same characteristic and may have a mutually different characteristic.

[6. (Appearance of laminated glass)
On the other hand, when the laminated glass of the present embodiment is used as a laminated glass for an automobile window, each glass plate has different characteristics, in particular, the content of FeO in the outside glass plate is more than the content of the inside glass plate. It is preferable that there are also many. The reason is as follows. In the case of laminated glass for automobile windows, the color of the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle is darker than that of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle (hereinafter, the expression of the darkness between the color of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle and the color on the outside of the vehicle is both This means that the window glass and the body of the automobile are integrated with each other. This is because if the color of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle is dark when the laminated glass is viewed from the outside of the vehicle, the window glass appears to be depressed as if there is a window surface at the position of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle.

  Moreover, if the color of the glass plate inside the vehicle is light, the interior space can be felt wide. This is because the color of the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle is dark, and when the laminated glass is viewed from outside the vehicle, the window glass appears to be depressed as if there is a window surface at the position of the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle. It is.

  By the way, the laminated glass of this Embodiment does not need to provide the thin film which consists of a metal or a metal oxide on the surface of glass, Therefore The sheet resistance of a window glass can be made higher than the conventional product. As a result, the laminated glass of this embodiment has radio wave transmission performance and can be said to be suitable for automobile windows. In addition, as a sheet resistance value of the glass plate in this Embodiment, it is preferable that it is 20 kohm / square or more (especially 10 Mohm / square or more), for example.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
[Example 1 of interlayer film]
10 g of 3GH (triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylbutyrate)) dispersed with ITO fine particles (particle size of 0.02 μm or less) (addition amount of ITO fine particles is 1 g), 130 g of normal 3GH, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) ) Prepare 360 g of resin. 3GH is added to the PVB resin, and the mixture is kneaded for about 15 minutes with a three-roll mixer while being heated to about 70 ° C., and the obtained resin material for film formation is heated to about 190 ° C. Thereafter, the film was formed into a film having a thickness of about 0.8 mm using a mold extruder and wound on a roll to obtain an intermediate film according to Example 1.

[Example 2 of interlayer film]
The amount of ITO fine particles added was changed from 1 g to 1.25 g, and the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain an intermediate film according to Example 2.

[Example 3 of interlayer film]
The amount of ITO fine particles added was changed from 1 g to 1.5 g, and the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain an intermediate film according to Example 3.

[Example 4 of interlayer film]
The amount of ITO fine particles added was changed from 1 g to 1.75 g, and the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain an intermediate film according to Example 4.

[Example 5 of interlayer film]
The amount of ITO fine particles added was changed from 1 g to 2.5 g, and the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain an intermediate film according to Example 5.

[Examples 1 to 3 of glass plate]
Three types of glass plates having a size of 1,000 mm × 1,500 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were prepared. Three types of glass plates (Examples 1 to 3 of the glass plate) are substantially composed of soda lime silica glass having the composition described in Table 1 in terms of mass percentage. In addition, Example 3 consists of normal colorless soda-lime silica glass.

[Examples 1 to 22 of laminated glass]
Next, the example of the glass plate and the example of the interlayer film were appropriately combined to produce a laminated glass (Examples 1 to 22) for an automobile window shown in Table 2. In addition, the code | symbol in Table 2 is equivalent to the thing of FIG. 1, and it assumes that the glass plate 11a is installed in the vehicle inside and the glass plate 11b is installed in the vehicle outside.

For Examples 1 to 22 of the laminated glass, by a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. U4000) were measured for transmittance between the wavelength 300～2,100Nm, in conformity with JIS R3106-1998, visible light transmittance _{T V} (%) And solar transmittance T _e (%) were determined. Moreover, based on JISK6714, the haze H (%) of the laminated glass was measured.

  Table 3 shows the measurement results. Here, (1) in a table | surface shows the sum total (mg) of content of the total iron contained in each glass plate of a laminated glass piece. (2) shows the total content (mg) of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass piece. (3) indicates the content (mg) of ITO fine particles contained in the interlayer film of the laminated glass piece. (4) shows the transmittance (%) of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm of laminated glass. (5) shows the transmittance (%) of infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm of laminated glass. (6) shows the product of the transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm of two glass plates. (7) shows the product of the transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm between two glass plates. (8) indicates the transmittance (%) of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm of the intermediate film. (9) indicates the transmittance (%) of infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm of the intermediate film. (10) indicates the product of solar transmittance of two glass plates. In addition, description of the measurement result of the haze H of the laminated glass of Examples 6-17 and the transmittance | permeability ((4)-(9)) of the infrared light of a wavelength of 1,100 nm and 850 nm is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 3A is a graph showing the spectral transmittance of Examples 1 to 5 of laminated glass, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing the spectral transmittance of Examples 18 to 22 of laminated glass. In each graph, the vertical axis represents transmittance (%), and the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm). Further, as apparent from Table 3, the haze of the laminated glass is 1% or less by setting the dispersion blending ratio of the ITO fine particles to 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film. Can be.

  Thus, although the laminated glass which concerns on Examples 1-3, Examples 8-10, Examples 13-15, and Examples 18-20 is a dispersion | distribution compounding ratio of few ITO microparticles | fine-particles, each glass By setting the product of the solar transmittance of the plate to 0.3 to 0.6, the solar transmittance Te can be reduced to 50% or less.

  Further, the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass pieces is set to 0.5 to 2.5 mg, so that the content of the ITO fine particles contained in the intermediate film of the laminated glass pieces (intermediate film) (1) of Example 1 of 0.17 mg and 0.41 mg of Example 5 of the interlayer film), the transmittance of infrared light at a wavelength of 850 nm of the laminated glass is kept at 20% or more, and 1,100 nm The transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength can be reduced to 30% or less. Furthermore, the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass pieces is 1-2 mg, and the content of ITO fine particles contained in the interlayer film of the laminated glass pieces is 0.1-0.5 mg. The transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,100 nm can be 30% or less, the transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm can be 20% or more, and the solar transmittance Te can be 50% or less.

  By the way, when the said infrared communication is performed between motor vehicles (namely, when onboard equipment communicates), if it is an oncoming vehicle, infrared light will permeate | transmit two laminated glass. Therefore, a slight difference in transmittance of the laminated glass greatly affects the reach range of infrared light. The reason can be explained by examining each laminated glass having 20%, 25.8%, 28.3%, and 33.9% transmittance of infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm.

  First, since the luminance of infrared light when it passes through the first laminated glass is determined according to the transmittance, it is 20%, 25.8%, 28.3%, and 33.9%, respectively. Thereafter, when passing through a second laminated glass (the same transmittance as that of the first sheet), the brightness of each infrared light is 4.0 (= 0.2 × 0.2 × 100) when the light source emits light. )%, 6.7 (≈0.258 × 0.258 × 100)%, 8.0 (≈0.283 × 0.283 × 100)%, 11.5 (≈0.339 × 0.339 × 100)%.

  Therefore, by setting the transmittance of infrared light at a wavelength of 850 nm of the laminated glass to 25.8%, the luminance of the infrared light transmitted through the two laminated glasses can be maintained at 5% or more, and further transmitted. If the rate is 33.8%, the luminance of 10% or more can be maintained.

  Further, the light emission luminance of the light source used in the laminated glass having a transmittance of 25.8% is approximately 60% (≈4 ÷ 6.7 × 100) of the light emission luminance of the light source used in the laminated glass having a transmittance of 20%. ) Is enough. Similarly, the light emission luminance of the light source used in the laminated glass having a transmittance of 33.9% is approximately 35 (≈4 ÷ 11.5 × 100) of the light emission luminance of the light source used in the laminated glass having a transmittance of 20%. % Is enough. Therefore, by increasing the transmittance of the laminated glass, communication can be sufficiently performed even with a low-luminance light source.

  Considering these, it is preferable that the transmittance of infrared light with a wavelength of 850 nm of the laminated glass is 25% or more, and more preferably 30% or more. Moreover, in order to obtain these transmittances, the total content of FeO contained in each glass plate of the laminated glass piece is set to 1 to 1.5 mg, and the ITO fine particles contained in the interlayer film of the laminated glass piece The content is preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mg.

Effect of the invention

  As apparent from the above description, the present invention is a glass plate made of soda-lime silica glass containing iron in laminated glass using an intermediate film in which infrared shielding fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed and blended. Is used. Since the iron content is appropriately adjusted, a laminated glass having desired infrared shielding performance is obtained.

  Moreover, this laminated glass can make haze low by restraining the mixture ratio of infrared shielding fine particles small, and it is hard to produce the malfunction of the appearance of a window glass. Further, by adjusting the blending ratio of the infrared shielding fine particles, infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm used in the operation of various infrared communication systems (for example, VICS optical beacon and keyless entry system) is transmitted. be able to. Furthermore, the laminated glass according to the present invention can be applied not only to window glass for automobiles, but also to other moving objects (for example, aircraft, ships, trains, etc.) and window glass for buildings.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows one embodiment of this invention. (A) It is a front view of a laminated glass, (b) It is a B-B 'line expanded sectional view. (A) It is a graph which shows the spectral transmittance of Examples 1-5 of a laminated glass, (b) It is a graph which shows the spectral transmittance of Examples 18-22 of a laminated glass.

1: Laminated glass 11a, 11b: Glass plate 12: Intermediate film

Claims (4)

In a laminated glass in which a plurality of glass plates and an intermediate film provided between the glass plates are laminated, the intermediate film is made of an organic resin film in which ITO fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 μm or less are dispersed and blended. The product of the solar transmittance of each glass plate is 0.3 to 0.6, and the dispersion blending ratio of the ITO fine particles in the intermediate film is based on 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the intermediate film. The total content of iron in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ contained in each glass plate constituting a 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass is 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass. The total content of FeO in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ contained in each glass plate constituting a 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass is 0.5 to 2.5 mg, and the outside glass Fe ₂ O of plate _The FeO content in terms of ₃ is larger than the FeO content in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ of the vehicle interior glass plate, and each glass plate is a soda lime silica glass having the following composition in terms of mass percentage. The laminated glass shields 70% or more of infrared light having a wavelength of 1,000 to 1,100 nm, which contributes to an increase in the temperature inside the vehicle, and provides infrared light having a wavelength of about 850 nm used for infrared communication. Laminated glass that transmits 30% or more.
SiO _2: 65~75%
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.1 to 5%
_{Na 2 O + K 2 O:} 10~18%
CaO: 5 to 15%
MgO: 1-6%
Total iron in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ : 0.3 to 1%
All cerium CeO ₂ in terms and / or _TiO 2: 0.5 to 2%
However, _Fe 2 _{O 3} mass conversion was FeO (2-valent iron) is, _Fe 2 _{O 3} 20~40% by weight of the total iron in terms
The laminated glass of Claim 1 in which the quantity of the iron contained in each said glass plate is adjusted so that the product of the solar radiation transmittance of each said glass plate may be 0.3-0.6.
The lamination according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the content of the ITO fine particles contained in the intermediate film in a 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass is 0.1 to 0.5 mg. Glass.
In the 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass, the total content of FeO in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ contained in the 1 cm ² laminated glass piece cut out from the laminated glass is 1 to 1.5 mg. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of the ITO fine particles contained in the intermediate film is 0.2 to 0.4 mg.

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