JP2019069888A - Glass laminate - Google Patents

Abstract

To suppress a reduction in visible light transmittance, in a glass laminate having a wedge-shaped cross section, and having a heat shield agent added into an intermediate film.SOLUTION: In a glass laminate, which is the glass laminate having a pair of glass sheets, and an intermediate film positioned between the glass sheets, at least one of the glass sheets has a wedge-shaped cross section, a total iron amount thereof in a component is 0.75 mass% in terms of FeO, the intermediate film has a heat shield agent, a wedge angle of the cross section is 0.2 mrad, and a total solar transmittance specified by ISO13837A of the glass laminate is 60% or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to laminated glass.

  In recent years, the introduction of a head-up display (hereinafter also referred to as a HUD) that reflects an image on the windshield of a vehicle and displays predetermined information in the driver's field of vision has progressed. In visualizing the information displayed by the double image, a double image (a perspective double image and a reflection double image) may be a problem.

  Therefore, in HUD, in order to solve the problem of double image, a technique of making the cross section of the windshield glassy is adopted. For example, a laminated glass is proposed in which a glass film having a wedge-shaped cross section is sandwiched between two glass plates to form a wedge as a whole (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  On the other hand, because of the in-vehicle comfort, the demand for heat shielding of the windshield is increasing. Then, in order to provide a heat shielding property to the cocoon-shaped laminated glass corresponding to HUD, for example, a heat shielding agent is added to the interlayer (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 07-175007 International Publication No. 2016/052422 brochure

  However, when the amount of the heat shield agent in the interlayer is increased to improve the heat shielding property, the visible light transmittance of the glass decreases in the upper part of the windshield, that is, in the area where the thickness of the interlayer is large, and the safety standard of automobile May not meet

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned point, and it is possible to eliminate a double image of HUD having a wedge-shaped cross section in which a heat shield agent is added in an interlayer, and a combination excellent in heat shieldability. It is an object of the present invention to suppress the decrease in visible light transmittance in glass and to improve the visibility through laminated glass.

The present laminated glass is a laminated glass having a pair of glass plates and an intermediate film positioned between the glass plates, and at least one of the glass plates has a cross-sectionally wedge shape, and Fe ₂ O ₃ in the component. The total amount of iron converted is 0.75% by mass or less, the intermediate film has a heat shield agent, and the depression angle of the cross section is 0.2 mrad or less, and the total solar radiation specified by ISO 13837A of the laminated glass It is required that the transmittance is 60% or less.

  According to the disclosed technique, it is possible to suppress a decrease in visible light transmittance in a highly heat-insulated laminated glass having a wedge-shaped cross section in which a heat shield agent is added to an interlayer.

It is a figure explaining the windshield for vehicles. It is the fragmentary sectional view which cut the windshield 20 shown in FIG. 1 in the XZ direction, and was seen from the Y direction. It is a fragmentary sectional view which illustrates the windshield concerning a comparative example. It is a figure (the 1) explaining an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure (the 2) explaining an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure (the 3) explaining an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure (the 4) explaining an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure (the 5) explaining an Example and a comparative example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted. In addition, although the front glass for vehicles is made into an example and demonstrated here, it is not limited to this, The laminated glass which concerns on this Embodiment is applicable other than the windshield for vehicles. Also, in the drawings, the size and shape are partially exaggerated to facilitate understanding of the contents of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a windshield for a vehicle, and schematically showing a state in which the windshield is visually recognized from the vehicle interior to the exterior of the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the windshield 20 includes a HUD display area _{R 1} to be used in HUD, and a HUD-display region _{R 2} is not used (fluoroscopy region) with HUD. HUD display area _{R 1} rotates the mirror constituting the HUD, when viewed from the V1 point of JIS R3212, the range in which light from the mirror constituting the HUD is irradiated on the windshield 20. In the present specification, the fluoroscopic area includes the test area C defined by JIS R3212 and the information transmitting / receiving area described later, and includes the information transmitting / receiving area, and the visible light transmittance Tv is 70% or more. It points to the area.

HUD display area _{R 1} is located below the windshield 20, HUD-display region _{R 2} are located around the HUD display area _{R 1} of the front glass 20 adjacent to the HUD display area _{R 1} . However, HUD display area, for example, as in the HUD display area _{R 11} and HUD display area _{R 12} shown in FIG. 1 (b), may be arranged separately in a plurality of locations in the Y direction. Alternatively, HUD display area may be only one of the HUD display area _{R 11} and HUD display area _{R 12.} Alternatively, the HUD display area may be divided into multiple locations in the Z direction (not shown).

The HUD display areas R ₁ , R ₁₁ and R ₁₂ are preferably arranged outside the test area A defined by JIS standard R3212. The HUD display areas R ₁ , R ₁₁ and R ₁₂ may be arranged in a test area A defined by JIS standard R3212. The test area A is provided inside the test area B, but is not shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, B and C indicate test areas B and C defined in JIS Standard R3212, respectively.

  Preferably, a black ceramic layer 29 (shield layer) is present at the periphery of the windshield 20. The black ceramic layer 29 can be formed by applying a black ceramic printing ink to a glass surface and printing it. The presence of the black opaque black ceramic layer 29 at the peripheral portion of the windshield 20 can suppress deterioration of the resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral portion of the windshield 20 due to ultraviolet light.

Windshield 20 may include information transmission and reception area R ₅ in the upper side periphery. Information reception area R _5, for example, can be placed in a black ceramic layer 29. Information reception area R ₅ functions as fluoroscopic area when the camera or the rangefinding laser or the like to the upper side peripheral edge of the windshield 20 is disposed.

  FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the front glass 20 shown in FIG. 1 cut in the XZ direction and viewed from the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 2, the windshield 20 is a laminated glass including a glass plate 210, a glass plate 220, and an intermediate film 230. In the windshield 20, the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 are fixed in a state in which the intermediate film 230 is held.

  Even if the inner surface 21 of the windshield 20 which is one surface of the glass plate 210 which is the inside of the vehicle and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 which is the surface of the glass plate 220 which is the outside of the vehicle are It may be a curved surface.

  When the windshield 20 is attached to a vehicle, the windshield 20 is formed in a wedge shape whose cross section increases in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the windshield 20, and the depression angle is δ. Is the difference between the thickness at the lower end in the vertical direction along the windshield 20 and the thickness at the upper end divided by the distance in the vertical direction along the windshield 20 (ie, the average depression angle) is there. The increase in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the windshield 20 may be a monotonous increase in which the rate of increase is constant, or the rate of increase may be partially changed.

  When the rate of increase in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the windshield 20 changes, the included angle on the lower side than the central part including the HUD display area of the windshield 20 is larger than the included angle on the upper side It is preferable to be large. When the windshield 20 is a change in the increase rate of the thickness, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the visible light transmittance on the upper side, and to suppress an increase in the mass of the windshield 20.

  The depression angle δ of the windshield 20 which is a laminated glass is preferably 0.1 mrad or more and 1.0 mrad or less, and more preferably 0.3 mrad or more and 1.0 mrad or less. By setting the depression angle δ to the lower limit value or more, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the fluoroscopic double image while suppressing the HUD double image. Further, by setting the depression angle δ to the upper limit value or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in visible light transmittance on the upper end side of the windshield 20 and to suppress an increase in the mass of the windshield 20 within a problem-free range. The depression angle δ is more preferably 0.3 mrad or more and 0.9 mrad or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 mrad or more and 0.8 mrad or less.

  In the windshield 20, the glass plate 220 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, and the thickness of the glass plate 210 and the intermediate film 230 is uniform. In the glass plate 220, an angle formed by the surface to be the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 and the surface in contact with the intermediate film 230 is a depression angle δg.

  It is preferable that it is 0.1 mrad or more and 1.0 mrad or less, and it is more preferable that they are 0.3 mrad or more and 1.0 mrad or less of wedge angle (delta) g of the glass plate (glass plate 220 in FIG. 2) which is cross-sectional wedge shape. By setting the depression angle δg to the lower limit value or more, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the fluoroscopic double image while suppressing the HUD double image. Further, by setting the depression angle δg to the upper limit value or less, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the visible light transmittance on the upper end side of the windshield 20 and to suppress the increase in the mass of the windshield 20 within a problem-free range. The depression angle δg is more preferably 0.3 mrad or more and 0.9 mrad or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 mrad or more and 0.8 mrad or less.

  When the glass plate and the intermediate film 230 both have a cross section wedge shape, the sum of the depression angle δg of the glass plate and the depression angle of the intermediate film 230 is in the range of an appropriate depression angle δ of the windshield 20. You can adjust it.

  In FIG. 2, since the thickness of the glass plate 210 and the intermediate film 230 is uniform, the depression angle δg of the glass plate 220 is the depression angle δ between the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 Corner). However, in the example of FIG. 2, only the glass plate 220 has a wedge shape in cross section, but the thickness of the glass plate 220 may be uniform and the glass plate 210 may have a wedge shape in cross section. It may be in the shape of a cross section. When both the glass plates 220 and 210 have a cross-sectional wedge shape, the depression angles of the respective glass plates may be different or the same.

  In addition, although it is preferable that the film thickness of the intermediate film 230 is uniform (that is, the depression angle is 0 mrad), a slight depression angle may occur in the process of manufacturing the laminated glass. In this case, if the depression angle of the intermediate film 230 is 0.2 mrad or less, it is within the allowable range. That is, the depression angle of the intermediate film 230 is 0.2 mrad or less, and more preferably 0.15 mrad or less. By setting the depression angle of the intermediate film 230 to the upper limit value or less, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the visible light transmittance Tv of the windshield 20 at the portion where the intermediate film 230 is thickened.

  When one or both of the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 are formed in a bowl shape, for example, in the case of manufacturing by a float method, it can be obtained by devising the manufacturing conditions. That is, by adjusting the peripheral speeds of the plurality of rolls disposed at both ends in the width direction of the glass ribbon advancing on the molten metal, the glass cross section in the width direction is formed into a concave shape, a convex shape, or a tapered shape. It suffices to cut out a portion having a thickness change. Alternatively, the surface of the glass plate may be polished and adjusted to a predetermined depression angle.

As the glass plates 210 and 220, for example, soda lime glass, aluminosilicate, organic glass or the like can be used. The glass plate 220 located outside the windshield 20 is preferably inorganic glass from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, and is preferably soda lime glass from the viewpoint of formability. Further, the glass plate of the cross-sectional wedge shape, a total iron content that in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ in the component from the standpoint of 0.75 wt% or less, preferably a soda-lime glass.

  It is preferable that the thinnest part of the plate thickness of the glass plate 220 located on the outer side of the windshield 20 is 1.8 mm or more and 3 mm or less. When the plate thickness of the glass plate 220 is 1.8 mm or more, the strength such as anti-flying performance is sufficient, and when it is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large, which is preferable in view of the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. As for the plate | board thickness of the glass plate 220, as for the thinnest part, 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less are more preferable, and 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less are still more preferable. In addition, when the plate thickness of the glass plate 220 is uniform and the glass plate 210 has a wedge shape in cross section, the preferable range of the plate thickness of the glass plate 220 located outside the windshield is also as described above.

  The plate thickness of the glass plate 210 positioned inside the windshield 20 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less when the thickness is constant. When the thickness of the glass plate 210 is thinner than 0.3 mm, handling becomes difficult, and when it is thicker than 2.3 mm, it becomes impossible to follow the shape of the intermediate film 230 which is a capsule film. The plate thickness of the glass plate 210 is more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 2.1 mm or less, and still more preferably 0.7 mm or more and 1.9 mm or less. However, the thickness of the glass plate 210 is not necessarily required to be constant, and the thickness may be changed for each place as needed. In addition, when the glass plate 210 located inside the windshield 20 is cross-sectional wedge shape, it is preferable that plate | board thickness of the thinnest part exists in the above-mentioned range.

  The windshield 20 may have a flat shape instead of a curved shape, or may have a curved shape. When the windshield 20 has a curved shape, the glass plates 210 and 220 are bent and formed after bonding by the float method and before bonding by the intermediate film 230. Bending is performed by softening the glass by heating. The heating temperature of the glass at the time of bending is approximately 550 ° C to 700 ° C.

  Returning to the explanation of FIG. 2, a thermoplastic resin is often used as the intermediate film 230 for bonding the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220. For example, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin, saturated polyester It has been used for this kind of application conventionally, such as plastic resin, plasticized saturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticized polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, etc. Thermoplastic resins are mentioned.

  Among these, it is possible to obtain plastic having excellent balance of various performances such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat shielding, and sound insulation. Polyvinyl acetal resins are preferably used. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The "plasticization" in the above-described plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that it is plasticized by the addition of a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticizing resins.

  As the polyvinyl acetal resin, a polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PVA” as required) with formaldehyde, a narrow definition obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde And polyvinyl butyral resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PVB” if necessary) obtained by reacting PVA and n-butyraldehyde. PVB is mentioned as a suitable thing from being excellent in the balance of various performances, such as strength, adhesive force, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, the material for forming the intermediate film 230 is not limited to the thermoplastic resin.

  The film thickness of the intermediate film 230 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest portion, and more preferably 0.6 mm or more. When the film thickness of the intermediate film 230 is equal to or more than the lower limit value, the penetration resistance required as a windshield becomes sufficient. The thickness of the intermediate film 230 is preferably 3 mm or less at the thickest portion, more preferably 2 mm or less, and still more preferably 1.5 mm or less. When the film thickness of the intermediate film 230 is not more than the upper limit value, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large.

  The intermediate film 230 has an infrared shielding function by containing an infrared absorber which is a heat shield. As the infrared absorber contained in the intermediate film 230, any material having a property of selectively absorbing infrared radiation can be used without particular limitation. A conventionally known inorganic or organic infrared absorber may be used as the infrared absorber. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The intermediate film 230 is measured in a state of being sandwiched between two sheets of clear glass (a glass 1 having a total iron content of 0.08 mass% converted to Fe ₂ O _{3 as} described later) and having a thickness of 2 mm. Further, the ratio (A) of the absorbance at 780 nm to the absorbance at 550 nm is preferably 1.8 or more, more preferably 2 or more, and still more preferably 3 or more. If the ratio (780 nm) of near-infrared light to the absorbance (550 nm) in the visible light region is in this range, the visible light transmission is sufficient due to the combination with the glass plate of a predetermined cross-sectional 視 認 shape Better, better heat shielding.

  As fine particles of inorganic infrared absorbers, for example, cobalt dyes, iron dyes, chromium dyes, titanium dyes, vanadium dyes, zirconium dyes, molybdenum dyes, ruthenium dyes, platinum dyes, tin dope Indium oxide (ITO) particles, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) particles, composite tungsten oxide particles, and the like can be used.

  Also, as organic infrared absorbers, for example, dimonium dyes, anthraquinone dyes, aminium dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, azulenium dyes, polymethine dyes, naphthoquinones Dyes, pyrylium dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, naphthalocyanine dyes, naphtholactam dyes, azo dyes, condensed azo dyes, indigo dyes, perinone dyes, perylene dyes, perylene dyes, dioxazine dyes, quinacridone dyes, iso dyes Indolinone dyes, quinophthalone dyes, pyrrole dyes, thioindigo dyes, metal complex dyes, dithiol metal complex dyes, indolephenol dyes, triallylmethane dyes and the like can be used.

  Among them, ITO fine particles, ATO fine particles, composite tungsten oxide fine particles as an inorganic infrared absorber, phthalocyanines as an organic infrared absorber from the viewpoint of economy and high absorptivity of infrared region to visible light region Dyes are preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The phthalocyanine dye exhibits sharp absorption in the near infrared wavelength region. Therefore, when a wider range of infrared absorptivity is required, it is preferable to use in combination a phthalocyanine dye and at least one selected from ITO fine particles, ATO fine particles and composite tungsten oxide fine particles.

As the complex tungsten oxide, specifically, general formula: M _x W _y O _z (wherein the element M is Cs, Rb, K, Tl, In, Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn And W is tungsten, O is oxygen, and composite tungsten oxide represented by 0.001 ≦ x / y ≦ 1, 2.2 ≦ z / y ≦ 3.0). . The composite tungsten oxide represented by the above general formula effectively functions as an infrared absorber because a sufficient amount of free electrons are generated.

The fine particles of the composite tungsten oxide represented by the above general formula: M _x W _y O _z have excellent durability when they have a hexagonal, tetragonal or cubic crystal structure, and therefore the hexagonal or tetragonal tetragonal or tetragonal crystals are preferred. It is preferable to include one or more crystal structures selected from crystals and cubic crystals. In such a crystal structure, the amount (x) of the M element to be added is 0.001 or more and 1.0 or less in terms of the molar ratio to the amount (y) of tungsten and the value of x / y. The present amount (z) is a molar ratio with the amount (y) of tungsten, and the value of z / y is 2.2 or more and 3.0 or less.

Furthermore, the value of x / y is preferably about 0.33. This is because the value of x / y theoretically calculated from the crystal structure of the hexagonal crystal is 0.33, and the compound tungsten is contained by containing the M element in an amount such that the value of x / y becomes the value before and after this. This is because oxide fine particles exhibit preferable optical properties. As such a composite tungsten oxide, specifically, Cs _0.33 WO ₃ (cesium tungsten oxide), Rb _0.33 WO ₃ (rubidium tungsten oxide), K _0.33 WO ₃ (potassium tungsten oxide), Ba _0.33 WO ₃ (barium tungsten oxide) and the like can be mentioned. However, the composite tungsten oxide used in the present embodiment is not limited to these, and it has useful infrared absorption characteristics if the values of x / y and z / y are in the above ranges.

  Such a composite tungsten oxide is known to have a maximum value in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and a minimum value in the wavelength range of 700 to 1800 nm in a film in which the fine particles are uniformly dispersed. Is an infrared absorber.

The fine particles of the composite tungsten oxide represented by the above general formula: M _x W _y O _z can be produced by a conventionally known method. For example, using a tungsten compound starting material prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of ammonium tungstate solution, an aqueous solution of a tungsten hexachloride solution and a chloride salt of element M, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, oxide or the like in a predetermined ratio By heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere or a reducing gas atmosphere, composite tungsten oxide fine particles are obtained.

  The surface of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles is preferably coated with an oxide of a metal selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Al or the like from the viewpoint of improving the weather resistance. Although the coating method is not particularly limited, it is possible to coat the surface of the composite tungsten oxide particles by adding the alkoxide of the above metal to a solution in which the composite tungsten oxide particles are dispersed.

  The above ATO fine particles and ITO fine particles can be prepared by various methods known in the prior art, for example, physical methods obtained by grinding metal powder by mechanochemical method etc .; CVD method, vapor deposition method, sputtering method, thermal plasma method, laser method Chemical dry methods such as: thermal decomposition method, chemical reduction method, electrolysis method, ultrasonic method, laser ablation method, supercritical fluid method, chemical wet method by microwave synthesis method etc. What was prepared can be used without particular limitation.

  Further, the crystal system of these fine particles is not limited to the usual cubic system, and if necessary, hexagonal ITO having a relatively low infrared absorption capacity can be used.

  The average primary particle diameter of the fine particles of the infrared absorber is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, and particularly preferably 30 nm or less. By setting the average primary particle diameter to the upper limit value or less, the occurrence of clouding due to scattering (clouding, increase in haze) can be suppressed, which is preferable in terms of maintaining transparency in laminated glass for vehicles. The lower limit value of the average primary particle size is not particularly limited, but infrared absorber fine particles of about 2 nm which can be manufactured by the present technology can also be used. Here, the average primary particle size of the fine particles refers to one measured from an observation image by a transmission electron microscope.

  The intermediate film 230 may have three or more layers. For example, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be improved by forming the interlayer 230 of three layers and making the hardness of the middle layer lower than the hardness of the layers on both sides. In this case, the hardness of the layers on both sides may be the same or different. Here, the hardness of the layer of the intermediate film 230 can be measured as Shore hardness.

  Usually, the light source of the HUD is located below the passenger compartment and is projected from there towards the laminated glass. Since the projected image is reflected on the back and front surfaces of the glass plates 210 and 220, the thickness of the glass plate changes parallel to the projection direction in order to overlap the two reflected images so that a double image is not generated. It is necessary to. When the thickness of the glass plate 210 changes in a direction perpendicular to the streaks, the streak direction is orthogonal to the projection direction, that is, the streaks indicate the line of sight of the observer (driver) inside the vehicle cabin. It must be used in the horizontal direction, where visibility is degraded by perspective distortion.

  In order to improve the visibility, the laminated glass produced using the glass plate 210, the glass plate 220, and the intermediate film 230 is disposed so that the streaks of the glass plate 210 and the streaks of the glass plate 220 are orthogonal to each other. Is preferred. In this arrangement, the strain which is aggravated by the glass plate 210 alone is alleviated by the presence of the glass plate 220 whose streaks are orthogonal to each other and the intermediate film 230 which bonds the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220. Visibility is further improved.

  In order to produce the intermediate film 230, for example, the above-described resin material to be the intermediate film 230 is appropriately selected, and extrusion molding is performed in a heated and melted state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions such as the extrusion speed of the extruder are set to be uniform. After that, in order to give curvature to the upper side and the lower side according to the design of the windshield 20 according to the design of the windshield 20, the intermediate film 230 is completed by, for example, extending as necessary.

  In order to produce laminated glass, the intermediate film 230 is sandwiched between the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 to form a laminate, and for example, the laminate is placed in a rubber bag and vacuumed at -65 to -100 kPa. Bond at a temperature of about 70-110.degree.

  Furthermore, for example, by performing a pressure bonding process of heating and pressing under the conditions of 100 to 150 ° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa, laminated glass having more excellent durability can be obtained. However, in some cases, this heat and pressure step may not be used in consideration of the simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material to be enclosed in the laminated glass.

  A film having functions of heating wire, infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, light control, visible light reflection, scattering, decoration, absorption, etc. in addition to the intermediate film 230 between the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220. Or a device.

Of the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220, the glass plate having a cross-sectional 楔 shape (both in the case where both the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 have a cross-sectional 楔 shape) is total iron converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ in the components The amount is 0.75% by mass or less, preferably 0.6% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.3% by mass or less. By setting the total iron content converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ in the components to 0.75% by mass or less, the transparency of the glass plate can be improved, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is large, and the visibility is good. The total iron content in the present specification is the total iron content of a glass plate expressed as a mass percentage based on oxide.

Of the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220, the total iron amount in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ in the components is preferably 0.75% by mass or less, and is 0.6% by mass or less. It is more preferable that

  1000 nm per 1 mm of plate thickness from the viewpoint of visibility on a glass plate having a cross-sectionally wedge shape of the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 (both when the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 have a cross-sectional wedge shape) It is preferable that it is 0.2 or less, and it is more preferable that it is 0.15 or less.

  When the total thickness of the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 is T mm and the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is t mm, the maximum value of T / t is preferably 4.4 or more. By setting the maximum value of T / t to 4.4 or more, an effect is obtained that the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is large and the visibility is good.

  In the windshield 20, for example, the total thickness of the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 at the thickest portion of the windshield 20 is T = 3.4 mm (glass plate 210: 2 mm, glass plate 220: thickness of the thinnest portion) The thickness of the intermediate film 230 is t = 0.76 (constant film thickness), and in this case, the maximum value of T / t is 4 in this case. .5.

  On the other hand, in the conventional laminated glass, for example, the total thickness of a pair of glass plates at the thickest portion of the windshield is T = 4.6 mm (2.3 mm each), and the thickness of the intermediate film is t = 1.06 (Thin film thickness 0.76 mm, depression angle 0.3 mrad, length in the longitudinal direction: 1 m). In this case, the maximum value of T / t is 4.3.

  In the test area C of the windshield 20, the total solar radiation transmittance (hereinafter also simply referred to as Tts) defined by ISO 13837A is 60% or less, preferably 58% or less. If the total solar transmittance Tts is 60% or less, the heat shielding performance is good, and if it is 58% or less, the heat shielding performance is further improved. The total solar radiation transmittance Tts may have the same characteristics as the test area C outside the test area C of the windshield 20 and outside the area having the black ceramic layer.

  In the test area C of the windshield 20 which does not have a black ceramic layer, the visible light transmittance Tv defined by JIS standard R3212 is preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 72% or more. preferable.

  The difference ΔTv of the visible light transmittance Tv between the upper side and the lower side of the see-through region of the windshield 20 and the test region C is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, and 2% It is more preferable that it is the following. If the difference ΔTv in the visible light transmittance Tv is 3% or less, the problem of the designability such as the difference in color depending on the position in the vertical direction of the windshield does not occur, and the difference is further 2.5% or less and 2% or less. It is because the designability is improved.

Incidentally, the total solar transmittance Tts and visible light transmittance Tv in the information transmission and reception region R _5, observe the information transmitting and receiving device such as a camera mounted on the vehicle interior side from the heat, for taking in the visible light information of the vehicle exterior with greater precision It is preferable that the characteristics are equivalent to those of the test area C.

Thus, in the windshield 20, at least one of the glass plates 210 and 220 is a glass plate having a cross-sectional 楔 shape in which the total iron amount converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ in the component is 0.75 mass% or less . Moreover, the angle of the cross section of the intermediate film 230 is 0.2 mrad or less, and the total solar radiation transmittance Tts of the windshield 20 is 60% or less.

  Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the visible light transmittance Tv in a region (upper side) where the thickness of the windshield 20 is thick, and to reduce the difference ΔTv of the visible light transmittance Tv between the upper side and the lower side of the windshield 20.

  In addition, FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view which illustrates the windshield concerning a comparative example, and is the figure seen from FIG. 2 and the same direction. As shown in the comparative example of FIG. 3, the structure in which the intermediate film 230 has a wedge shape in cross section and the thickness of the glass plates 210 and 220 is constant is not preferable because of the following reasons.

  The interlayer 230 to which the heat shield is added mainly absorbs infrared rays, but the absorbance of visible light is not zero, and the absorbance of visible light per 1 mm thickness is larger than that of the glass plates 210 and 220. Therefore, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the thickness of the lower side and the thickness of the upper side of the windshield 20 are the same (the depression angle δ is the same), but the visible light transmittance Tv on the upper side of the thickness increases In the case of FIG. 3 in which the cross section has a wedge shape, the visibility is lowered.

  That is, in the structure of FIG. 3, the visible light transmittance Tv on the upper side may be less than 70%. In addition, the difference ΔTv in the visible light transmittance Tv between the upper side and the lower side is large, and the apparent color is further different.

On the other hand, in the glass plates 210 and 220, the absorbance of visible light per 1 mm of plate thickness can be determined by setting the total iron amount converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ in the components in the glass plate to a specific value. It is smaller than the added interlayer 230. As shown in FIG. 2 as an example, by making at least one of the glass plates 210 and 220 whose absorbance of visible light per 1 mm of thickness is smaller than that of the intermediate film 230 have a cross section wedge shape, the thickness of the windshield increases. The visible light transmittance Tv on the side can be 70% or more. Further, in the structure of FIG. 2, since the difference ΔTv between the visible light transmittances Tv of the upper side and the lower side can be reduced, the designability can be improved, the better thermal insulation can be maintained, and the double image of HUD can be suppressed.

The information transmitting and receiving region R ₅ of the windshield is located in the upper periphery of the windshield. That is, since the total thickness of the windshield corresponding to the double image in the HUD region is located in a particularly thick portion, there is a possibility that a camera or the like can not appropriately receive visible light information in the structure of FIG. The information transmitting and receiving regions R ₅ With the structure of the present invention can solve these problems effectively.

[Example]
It is an interlayer film to which glasses 1 to 3 whose total iron content converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ in the components shown in FIG. 4 is 0.75 mass% or less and a heat shield shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are added The heat shielding intermediate films 1 to 3 were appropriately combined to produce a laminated glass having a configuration shown in FIG. The laminated glass has a size of 1490 mm in width and a height of 1100 mm in all cases, and is provided with a black ceramic layer on the periphery for a windshield for an automobile. The absorbance ratio in FIG. 6 is the absorbance ratio (A).

Incidentally, "Redox" in FIG. 4 is the mass percentage of divalent iron in terms of _Fe 2 _{O 3} in the total iron in terms of _Fe 2 _{O 3.} That is, Redox (%) is represented by Fe ²⁺ / (Fe ²⁺ + Fe ³⁺ ) × 100. It is preferable that Redox be 30% or less, since a glass plate with high transmittance can be obtained by suppressing Redox to a low level.

  Further, in FIG. 5, “2t” in the remarks column indicates that the film thickness is constant at 2 mm, and the thermal barrier intermediate film 3 has a lower concentration of CWO than the thermal barrier intermediate film 2. Further, in FIG. 7, for example, "2 mm" indicates that the thickness is constant at 2 mm, and "2 mm + ridge shape" indicates that the thickness of the lower side is a cross-sectional ridge shape of 2 mm. Further, in FIG. 7, for example, “the 楔 glass 2” has a cross-sectional 楔 shape, and indicates that the type of glass is the glass 2 shown in FIG. 4.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in Examples 1 to 12, the inner plate (vehicle inner side) or the outer plate (vehicle outer side) has a cross-sectionally wedge shape, and the intermediate film has a constant thickness. Moreover, in Comparative Examples 1 to 12, the intermediate film was formed into a wedge shape in cross section, and the inner plate and the outer plate had a constant plate thickness. And the visible light transmittance Tv and the total solar radiation transmittance Tts were measured about the laminated glass of Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-12 shown in FIG. 7, and the result of FIG. 8 was obtained. Note that the values on the upper side and the lower side shown in FIG. 8 are measured values of a portion closest to the lower side and a portion close to the upper side in the test region C, respectively.

From FIG. 8, in any combination of Glass 1 to 3 and Thermal Barrier Interlayer 1 to 3 in which the total iron content converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ in the component is 0.75 mass% or less, the glass plate is cross sectioned The visible light transmittance Tv on the upper side is higher in the case of the wedge shape than in the case of the cross section of the intermediate film.

  Further, in any combination of the glass 1 to 3 and the heat shielding intermediate film 1 to 3, the visible light transmittance of the glass plate having the cross-sectional wedge shape is better than that of the intermediate film having the cross-sectional wedge shape. The difference ΔTv of Tv can be reduced.

  Also, in any combination of the glass 1 to 3 and the heat shielding interlayer 1 to 3, the total solar transmittance Tts is 60% or less, and the interlayer is cross sectioned when the glass plate has a wedge shape. The difference ΔTts of the total solar radiation transmittance Tts can be reduced more than in the case of the wedge shape.

  In addition, the visible light transmittance Tv on the upper side becomes higher when the included angle is 0.6 mrad than when the included angle is 0.3 mrad, the effect of reducing the difference ΔTv of the visible light transmittance Tv, and all The effect of reducing the difference ΔTts of the solar radiation transmittance Tts is remarkable. That is, when the depression angle is larger, the effect in the case of forming the glass sheet in a cross-sectional shape in a case where the intermediate film has a cross-sectional shape in a cross-sectional shape appears notably.

Thus, in the laminated glass, the area of thick laminated glass is obtained by forming a glass plate having a total iron content of not more than 0.75 mass% in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ in the component in a cross-sectional wedge shape ( It was confirmed that the reduction of the visible light transmittance Tv at the upper side can be suppressed. Moreover, it was confirmed that the difference ΔTv of the visible light transmittance Tv between the upper side and the lower side of the laminated glass can be reduced (the designability can be improved). In addition, the total solar transmittance Tts can be made 60% or less, and the difference ΔTts in the total solar transmittance Tts can be reduced when the glass plate is shaped like a cross section in comparison with when the intermediate film is shaped as a cross section. It was confirmed that (uniform heat shielding performance can be obtained). Moreover, since the laminated glass of the Example has a predetermined amount of included angles in the cross section, the double image of HUD was able to be eliminated.

  Although the preferred embodiments and the like have been described above in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the like, and various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments and the like without departing from the scope described in the claims. Variations and substitutions can be made.

Reference Signs List 20 front glass 21 inner surface 22 outer surface 29 black ceramic layer 210, 220 glass plate 230 intermediate film R ₁ , R ₁₁ , R ₁₂ HUD display area R ₂ HUD non-display area R ₅ information transmission / reception area δ, δg depression angle

Claims (9)

A laminated glass comprising: a pair of glass plates; and an intermediate film positioned between the glass plates,
At least one of the glass plates has a cross-sectionally wedge shape, and the total iron content converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ in the component is 0.75 mass% or less,
The interlayer has a heat shield agent, and the depression angle of the cross section is 0.2 mrad or less,
Laminated glass characterized in that the total solar radiation transmittance defined by ISO 13837A of the laminated glass is 60% or less.   The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein an included angle of a cross section of the laminated glass is 0.3 mrad or more and 1.0 mrad or less.   The laminated glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a depression angle of a cross section of the glass plate having a cross-sectional 楔 shape is 0.3 mrad or more and 1.0 mrad or less.   The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a difference in visible light transmittance between the upper side and the lower side of the see-through region of the laminated glass is 3% or less. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ratio (A) of the absorbance defined below is 1.8 or more in the interlayer film.
Absorbance ratio (A): Absorbance at 780 nm against absorbance at 550 nm, measured in the state of laminated glass in which the intermediate film is sandwiched between two 2 mm thick clear glass.   The heat shield agent includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, cesium tungsten oxide, and phthalocyanine dyes. Laminated glass described.   The maximum value of T / t is 4.4 or more, where Tmm is the total thickness of the pair of glass plates at the thickest portion of the laminated glass and tmm is the thickness of the intermediate film. 6. Laminated glass according to any one of the preceding claims.   The laminated glass as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 7 which has an information transmission / reception area | region in the upper edge part of the said laminated glass. It has an information transmission / reception area at the upper edge of the laminated glass
The laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein the information transmission / reception area is provided in a see-through area of the laminated glass.

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