WO2015170713A1 - 1,3-ジ置換シクロブタン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸及び該酸二無水物の新規な製造方法 - Google Patents
1,3-ジ置換シクロブタン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸及び該酸二無水物の新規な製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 0 *CC(C(C1(*)C(O2)=O)C2=O)C1(CC(O1)=O)C1=O Chemical compound *CC(C(C1(*)C(O2)=O)C2=O)C1(CC(O1)=O)C1=O 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/353—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C61/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C61/04—Saturated compounds having a carboxyl group bound to a three or four-membered ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
- C07D213/18—Salts thereof
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- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel production method for obtaining 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid and the acid dianhydride with high selectivity and high yield.
- 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride is useful as a raw material for various industrial applications. Also useful is 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid which is a raw material for such 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid which is a raw material for such 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- 3-Dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid is a polyimide widely used as a protective material, insulating material, color filter, liquid crystal alignment film, optical waveguide material, etc. in liquid crystal display elements and semiconductors (See Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- the structural features of 1,4-tetracarboxylic acid include that two methyl groups on the cyclobutane ring are located at the 1-position and the 3-position, and the relative configuration of the methyl groups is trans.
- Non-Patent Document 2 citraconic anhydride and benzophenone as a photosensitizer are dissolved in 1,4-dioxane, and the solution is irradiated with light to carry out a cyclization reaction, so that two methyl groups have a cyclobutane ring.
- the above substituted dimethylcyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is synthesized.
- the resulting dimethylcyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is then subjected to a hydrolysis reaction followed by a methyl esterification reaction to synthesize dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester. is doing.
- a hydrolysis reaction followed by a methyl esterification reaction to synthesize dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester. is doing.
- the position and relative configuration of the methyl group on the cyclobutane ring have not been determined.
- Non-Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 4 dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride was synthesized from citraconic anhydride according to the method described in Non-Patent Document 2, and then dimethyl Cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester is synthesized. Furthermore, the possibility of the formation of four types of diastereomers of dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride resulting from the position and relative configuration of the methyl group on the cyclobutane ring is described.
- Patent Document 2 1000 g of citraconic anhydride is dissolved in ethyl acetate, the solution is irradiated with light to carry out a cyclization reaction, and a dimer of citraconic anhydride is synthesized in a yield of 695 g.
- a dimer of citraconic anhydride is synthesized in a yield of 695 g.
- 1,3-diethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetra is prepared by dissolving ethylmaleic anhydride in ethyl acetate and irradiating the solution with light to carry out a cyclization reaction.
- a mixture of carboxylic acid 1,2: 3,4-dianhydride and 1,2-diethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid 1,4: 2,3-dianhydride can be obtained.
- the mixture is subjected to purification operations such as solvent distillation, filtration and crystallization, but has not yet been isolated and purified.
- the yield and the yield calculated by NMR are moderate.
- 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid capable of simultaneously controlling the position and relative arrangement of substituents on the cyclobutane ring during the reaction for forming the cyclobutane ring and the acid
- a purification operation is necessary to obtain the target compound. Specifically, it requires purification by sublimation, crystallization using a large amount of organic solvent, suspension washing, and complicated purification operations such as filtration, resulting in a large amount of waste liquid and waste, which is a viewpoint of green chemistry.
- the problem was that it gave a great load to the environment and poor productivity.
- the object of the present invention is useful as a raw material for various industrial applications.
- two substituents on the cyclobutane ring are located at the 1-position and the 3-position, and the relative configuration of the substituents is trans.
- the present inventor generates a crystal composed of an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and a nitrogen-containing organic compound, and irradiates the crystal with light to perform a cyclization reaction.
- 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid having a desired steric structure can be obtained with high selectivity and high yield.
- the present invention is based on such knowledge and has the following gist.
- [6] The production method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein in step (b), light having a wavelength of 300 nm to 580 nm is irradiated.
- step (b) The production method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein in step (b), light is irradiated in the presence of a photosensitizer.
- step (b) The production method according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein in formula (4C) or formula (4M), R 1 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 1 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 1 represents a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, a phenyl group or a halogen atom.
- a crystal is produced from an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and a nitrogen-containing organic compound, followed by irradiating the crystal with light to carry out a cyclization reaction.
- -Disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid and the acid dianhydride can be prepared with high selectivity and high yield.
- crystallization (8) comprised from the pyridine and citraconic acid which were manufactured in the Example.
- crystallization (8) comprised from the pyridine and citraconic acid which were manufactured in the Example.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a flow reactor used in Example 9. Sectional drawing of the T-shaped mixer (mixer 2) which has the double tube structure in the flow reactor used in Example 9.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a flow reactor used in Example 9. Sectional drawing of the T-shaped mixer (mixer 2) which has the double tube structure in the flow reactor used in Example 9.
- N- represents normal, “s-” represents secondary, “t-” represents tertiary, “o-” represents ortho, “m-” represents meta, “p-” Represents para.
- Trans and “cis” represent the relative arrangement of substituents of the cyclic compound, and those having the corresponding substituent on the opposite side of the ring plane are trans, and those on the same side are cis. (Cis) is displayed.
- (E) and (Z) are obtained when the group having the highest ranking rule out of the groups bonded to the atom forming the double bond in the plane portion of the molecule connected by the double bond is on the opposite side ( As E), when it is on the same side, the stereochemistry as (Z) is displayed.
- the notation “Me” means a methyl group.
- the C a -C b alkyl group represents a monovalent group generated by loss of one hydrogen atom from a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having a carbon number of a to b.
- the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. In addition, the notation of halo also represents these halogen atoms.
- steps (a) to (c) which are methods for producing 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid and the acid dianhydride in the present invention will be described. .
- R 1 represents a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a halogen atom.
- R 1 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group, preferably a methyl group, or More preferably, it is an ethyl group.
- the crystal (1) composed of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (4C) or the formula (4M) and the nitrogen-containing organic compound (5) is a solid at room temperature and has a characteristic powder X It is a crystal having a line diffraction peak and composed of two or more kinds of compounds at a constant stoichiometric ratio.
- the crystal (1) has a structure in which two or more kinds of compounds as constituent elements are periodically arranged in three dimensions as molecules or ions. Further, since the crystal (1) is composed of two or more kinds of components, it can be said to be a so-called multi-component crystal.
- the room temperature is 1 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the crystal (1) a portion where the periodic arrangement is broken on the crystal surface or the like, or a portion where the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound are gathered as molecules or ions without taking a periodic structure. May exist. However, the crystal containing the structure in which the three-dimensional periodic arrangement is partially lost, but the structure including the three-dimensional periodic arrangement is subjected to a cyclization reaction by irradiating light. The case where 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid having a desired steric structure can be produced with high selectivity is included in the crystal (1) of the present invention.
- the structure of the crystal (1) composed of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound in step (a) is the 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3 in the subsequent step (b). Since it is a determinant of the stereoselectivity of 4-tetracarboxylic acid and 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride in step (c), The molecular orientation of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative is important.
- Preferred crystal (1) in the present invention is cyclobutane in which two methyl groups are located at the 1-position and the 3-position in the photocyclization reaction of the next step (b), and the relative arrangement of the methyl groups is trans.
- the two ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivatives are oriented so that the ring is built.
- ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivatives used in the present invention are known compounds, and some of them are available as commercial products.
- citraconic acid can be obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Aldrich Co., etc.
- Phenylmaleic acid can be obtained from Hydras Chemical.
- Mesaconic acid can be obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Aldrich Co., etc.
- ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative used in the present invention can be synthesized according to a known method described in the literature.
- 2-isopropylmaleic acid can be synthesized with reference to Synthetic Communications, 2013, 43 (10), 1455-1459, and phenylfumarate can be synthesized as Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1954,76. Volume, pages 1872-1873, etc. can be synthesized.
- ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (4C) used in the present invention include, for example, citraconic acid, 2-ethylmaleic acid, 2-isopropylmaleic acid, 2-propylmaleic acid, 2-n-butyl.
- citraconic acid, 2-ethylmaleic acid, 2-isopropylmaleic acid, or 2-phenylmaleic acid is preferable, and citraconic acid or 2-ethylmaleic acid is particularly preferable.
- ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (4M) used in the present invention include, for example, mesaconic acid, 2-ethyl fumaric acid, 2-isopropyl fumaric acid, 2-propyl fumaric acid, 2-n-butyl fumaric acid.
- mesaconic acid, 2-ethyl fumaric acid, 2-phenyl fumaric acid, or 2-fluoro fumaric acid is preferable, and mesaconic acid or 2-ethyl fumaric acid is particularly preferable.
- the nitrogen-containing organic compound (5) various compounds can be used.
- the crystal (1) when the crystal (1) is generated, proton transfer occurs between the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (4C) or the formula (4M) that is acidic in the crystal structure and the nitrogen-containing organic compound (5).
- the nitrogen-containing organic compound (5) By doing so, an example is given in which crystals are generated through the ionic bonds that are formed.
- many nitrogen-containing organic compounds having basicity capable of neutralizing with acidic ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivatives can be used.
- many nitrogen-containing organic compounds having a substituent or a partial skeleton capable of forming an intermolecular interaction such as a hydrogen bond or van der Waals force with an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative can be used.
- the substituent include an amino group, an amide group, an imino group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, and a carboxyl group.
- the partial skeleton include a pyrrole skeleton, a pyrroline skeleton, a pyrrolidine skeleton, and an indole.
- Skeletons indoline skeletons, isoindole skeletons, imidazoline skeletons, imidazolidine skeletons, pyridine skeletons, piveridine skeletons, quinoline skeletons, acridine skeletons, triazine skeletons, and the like.
- the nitrogen-containing organic compound is preferably one that does not inhibit the progress of the photocyclization reaction.
- a compound that does not react with an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative to give a by-product a compound that has a structure in which an isomerization reaction that breaks the crystal (1) before the target compound is broken, etc.
- a compound having a resistant structure is preferred.
- nitrogen-containing organic compounds include aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, amine oxides, amides, imides, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, and the like.
- aliphatic amine examples include methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, isobutylamine, s-butylamine, t-butylamine, pentylamine, isopentylamine, 2-pentaneamine, t-pentylamine, hexylamine, and heptylamine.
- methylamine, ethylamine, cyclohexane-1 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ -diamine, (1R, 2R) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine, or (1S, 2S) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine are preferable.
- aromatic amine examples include o-toluidine, m-toluidine, p-toluidine, o-ethylaniline, m-ethylaniline, p-ethylaniline, p-isopropylaniline, pt-pentylaniline, xylidine, 2, 3-xylidine, 2,4-xylidine, 2,6-xylidine, 3,4-xylidine, 3,5-xylidine, thymylamine, 2,4,5-trimethylaniline, 2,4,6-trimethylaniline, pentamethyl Aniline, 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 1-anthrylamine, 2-anthrylamine, 9-anthrylamine, N-butylaniline, N-isopentylaniline, N-benzylaniline, N-benzyl-N- Ethylaniline, N, N-diphenylbenzylamine, N-methyl
- Examples of the amine oxide include trimethylamine oxide, pyridine 1-oxide, 2,2′-bipyridine 1,1′-dioxide, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine 1,1′-dioxide, 3,3 Examples include '-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine 1,1'-dioxide. Of these, trimethylamine oxide, pyridine 1-oxide, or 3,3'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine 1,1'-dioxide is preferable.
- amide examples include formamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diisopropylformamide, acetamide, N-ethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-chloroacetamide, N-bromoacetamide, diacetamide, triacetamide , Propionamide, butyramide, isobutylamide, valeramide, isovaleramide, capronamide, heptaneamide, octatanamide, acrylamide, chloroacetamide, dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, glycolamide, lactamide, pyruvinamide, cyanoacetamide, fluminuric acid, oxamide , Malonamide, succinic acid amide, adipamide, L-malamide, (R, R) -tartaramide and the like.
- formamide N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diisopropylformamide, or acetamide is preferable.
- imide examples include succinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, N-chlorosuccinimide and the like. Of these, succinimide is preferable.
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound examples include pyrrole compounds, pyrroline compounds, pyrrolidine compounds, indole compounds, indoline compounds, isoindole compounds, carbazole compounds, diazole compounds, imidazoline compounds, imidazolidine compounds.
- pyridine compounds substituted derivatives of pyridine, piveridine compounds, quinoline compounds, hydroquinoline compounds, isoquinoline compounds, acridine compounds, phenanthridine compounds, diazine compounds, sulfadiazine compounds, hydropyrimidine compounds Piperazine compounds, benzodiazine compounds, triazole compounds, benzotriazole compounds, triazine compounds, purines, hypoxanthines, xanthines, theopromins, theophylline, cuffs Inn, uric acid, adenine, guanine, 3-methyl uric acid, and 7-methyl uric acid.
- Examples of the pyrrole compounds include pyrrole, methyl pyrrole, dimethyl pyrrole, 3-ethyl-4 methyl pyrrole, ethyl dimethyl pyrrole, 3-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylpyrrole, 2,3,4,5- Examples include tetramethylpyrrole and acetylpyrrole.
- Examples of the pyrroline compound include pyrroline.
- Examples of the pyrrolidine compound include pyrrolidine.
- Examples of the indole compounds include indole, indolenine, methylindole, 2,3-dimethylindole, 2-phenylindole and the like.
- Examples of the indoline compounds include indoline, isatin, O-methyl isatin, N-methyl isatin, 2-chloro-3-indolone, and the like.
- Examples of the isoindole compound include isoindole, isoindoline, phthalimidine and the like.
- Examples of the carbazole-based compound include carbazole, indigo, leucoindigo, indirubin and the like.
- Examples of the diazole compounds include pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 2-pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, pyrazolone, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone, 2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone, Examples include aminopyrine and indazole.
- Examples of the imidazoline-based compound include imidazoline, amarin, and naphazoline.
- Examples of the imidazolidine compound include ethylene urea, hydantoin, 1-methylhydantoin, 5-methylhydantoin, diphenylhydantoin, and creatinine.
- pyridine compounds examples include pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 2-ethylpyridine, 3-ethylpyridine, 4-ethylpyridine, 2-propylpyridine, 2,3-dimethylpyridine.
- 2,4-dimethylpyridine 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 4-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 3-ethyl-4 -Methylpyridine, 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 6-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 2,3,4-trimethylpyridine, 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethylpyridine 2-phenylpyridine, 3-phenylpyridine, 4-phenylpyridine, 2-benzylpyridine, 3-ben Rupirijin, 4-benzyl pyridine, 2,2'-bipyridyl, 3,3'-bipyridyl, 4,4'-bipyridyl, and the like.
- substituted derivatives of pyridine include 2-chloropyridine, 3-chloropyridine, 4-chloropyridine, 2-pyridone, 3-pyridinol, 4-pyridone, 2-methoxypyridine, 3-methoxypyridine, 4-methoxypyridine, 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde, 3-pyridinecarbaldehyde, 4-pyridinecarbaldehyde, 2-acetylpyridine, 3-acetylpyridine, 4-acetylpyridine, 2-ethoxypyridine 1-oxide, 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, nicotinic acid, Isonicotinic acid, nicotinamide, niketamide, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, 2-ethylisonicotinthioamide, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-pyridine Dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-pyri N
- piberidine-based compound examples include piberidine, 2-methylpiberidine, coinine, 3-methylpiberidine, 4-methylpiberidine, N-methylpiberidine, 1-phenylpiberidine, 2,6-dimethylpiberidine, N-benzoylpiberidine, 4-piperidone and the like can be mentioned.
- quinoline compounds include quinoline, 2-methylquinoline, 3-methylquinoline, 4-methylquinoline, 6-methylquinoline, 8-methylquinoline, 2,3-dimethylquinoline, 2,4-dimethylquinoline, 2, 6-dimethylquinoline, 2-phenylquinoline, 6-phenylquinoline, 8-phenylquinoline, 2-chloroquinoline, 2-quinolone, 4-quinolone, 5-quinolinol, 6-quinolinol, 7-quinolinol, 8-quinolinol, ⁇ -Naphthoquinoline, ⁇ -naphthoquinoline, 2-methyl-4-quinolinol, 4-methyl-2-quinolinol, 6-methoxyquinoline, 2,4-quinolinediol, 2-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 4-quinoline Carboxylic acid, 5-quinolinecarboxylic acid, 5-nitroquinoline, 6-nitroquinoline, 7-nitroquinoline, 8-nitroquinoline, 2-quinolinecar
- hydroquinoline compounds examples include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 3 , 4-dihydro-2-quinolinone, cis-decahydroquinoline and the like.
- isoquinoline compound examples include isoquinoline, 1-methylisoquinoline, 1-isoquinolinone, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinone, 1-benzylisoquinoline and the like.
- acridine compound examples include acridine, 2-methylacridine, 3-methylacridine, 9-methylacridine, 9-phenylacridine, 3-amino-9- (p-aminophenyl) acridine, and 3,6-diamino-10.
- acridine 2-methylacridine, 3-methylacridine, 9-methylacridine, 9-phenylacridine, 3-amino-9- (p-aminophenyl) acridine, and 3,6-diamino-10.
- phenanthridine compound examples include phenanthridine, benzo [f] quinoline, benzo [g] quinoline, benzo [h] quinoline, benzo [g] isoquinoline, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,9-dimethyl-1 , 10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and the like.
- diazine-based compound examples include pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, tetraphenylpyrazine and the like.
- sulfadiazine compounds include sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaphenazole, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfaisoxazole, and sulfisomidine.
- hydropyrimidine compounds include uracil, thymine, primidone, 2-thiouracil, cytosine, barbituric acid, 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid, 5,5-dipropylbarbituric acid, allobarbital, 5-ethyl-5.
- -Phenyl barbituric acid cyclobarbital, hexobarbital, dialuric acid, diritulic acid, uramil, amobarbital, violuric acid, alloxan, alloxanthin, purpuric acid, murexide, amarinic acid and the like.
- the piperazine compounds include piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, 2,5-piperazinedione and the like.
- the benzodiazine compounds include cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, and quinoxaline.
- the triazole compounds include 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole and the like.
- benzotriazole compounds include benzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole and the like.
- triazine compound include 1,2,3-triazine, 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazine, 4,6-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazine, 4,5,6-trimethyl-1 , 2,3-triazine, 1,2,3-benzotriazine, 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazine, 1,3,5-triazine, cyanuric chloride, cyanuric acid, trimethyl cyanurate, methyl isocyanurate , Ethyl isocyanurate, melanin, ammelin, ammelide and the like.
- preferred nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds include pyridine compounds and substituted derivatives of pyridine.
- Preferable pyridine compounds include pyridine, 2,3-dimethylpyridine, and 3,5-dimethylpyridine, and more preferable pyridine compounds include pyridine.
- Preferred substituted derivatives of pyridine include nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and niketamide, and more preferred substituted derivatives of pyridine include nicotinamide.
- the nitrogen-containing organic compounds described above may be used alone, or two or more of these may be used in combination.
- the crystal (1) composed of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (4C) or the formula (4M) and the nitrogen-containing organic compound (5) is produced by mixing both and sufficiently contacting them. can do.
- the amount of the nitrogen-containing organic compound used for producing the crystal (1) is preferably 0.1 to 50 equivalents, preferably 0.2 to 15 equivalents of the nitrogen-containing organic compound with respect to 1 equivalent of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative. Is more preferable, and 0.5 to 3 equivalents are particularly preferable.
- the nitrogen-containing organic compound when it is liquid, it can also be used as a solvent for the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative.
- the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative when the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative is liquid, it is used as a solvent for the nitrogen-containing organic compound.
- the temperature at which the crystal (1) is produced is not particularly limited, but can be arbitrarily set from ⁇ 78 ° C. to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture. Of these, ⁇ 30 to 70 ° C. is preferable, and ⁇ 20 to 40 ° C. is more preferable.
- the pressure at the time of producing the crystal (1) may be pressurization, normal pressure, or reduced pressure, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 atm, and more preferably 0.9 to 2 atm.
- the method of mixing the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula (4C) or the formula (4M) and the nitrogen-containing organic compound (5) when producing the crystal (1) is a method of directly mixing the two, a solvent
- the method of mixing using can be used.
- a kneading method, a mixing and pulverizing method or the like can be used as a method for directly mixing the two.
- the kneading method can be applied to mixing when one is solid and the other is liquid. Use a mortar for small amounts, a kneader for large amounts, a reaction vessel for organic synthesis, a stirrer, etc. it can.
- a mixed pulverization method can be applied.
- a mortar can be used for a small amount, and a pulverizer can be used for a large amount.
- heat generation due to a neutralization reaction or the like may be caused, so that the mortar, the reaction vessel or the like can be cooled.
- the method of mixing the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound using a solvent includes a temperature control method using a solvent, a solvent evaporation method, a solvent evaporation method, a poor solvent addition method, a solution-solution mixing method, a suspension method.
- a suspension-solution mixing method, a suspension-suspension mixing method, or the like can be used.
- mixing may cause heat generation due to dissolution, neutralization reaction, or the like, the reaction can be performed while cooling the reaction vessel or the like.
- the reaction mixture of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound is dissolved in the solvent, and the difference in solubility between the high temperature and the low temperature is calculated. This is a method of obtaining crystals by using.
- the reaction mixture of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound is dissolved in the solvent, and the solvent is evaporated.
- it is a method of distilling off, and when it is slowly evaporated, good crystals are often obtained.
- a rotary evaporator or the like can be used.
- a mixed solvent can be used when crystallization cannot be satisfactorily performed from one kind of solvent.
- dissolves the reaction mixture of an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and a nitrogen-containing organic compound in a solvent, and adds a poor solvent. Is the way to get. Depending on the solvent used, a part of the reaction mixture of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound may not be dissolved, resulting in a slurry in which solid particles are dispersed in the liquid.
- a method for producing the crystal (1) using a solution and suspension using a solvent will be described below.
- a solution A in which an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative is dissolved in a solvent is prepared.
- a nitrogen-containing organic compound solution B is prepared.
- a suspension A in which an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative is suspended in a solvent is prepared, and similarly a suspension B of a nitrogen-containing organic compound is prepared.
- crystals are obtained by selecting and mixing a solution or suspension of an ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and a nitrogen-containing organic compound from the above solution and suspension.
- the mixing includes a method in which liquids are dropped simultaneously, a method in which the liquids are dropped in order, a method in which the liquids are dropped in reverse order, and the like.
- the solvent used in that case is not limited to one type, and a solvent in which a plurality of solvents are mixed can also be used.
- the concentrations of the solution A and the suspension A of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the reaction that the crystals (1) form, but are preferably 0.01 to 100 mol / L, preferably 0.05 to 10 mol / L. L is more preferable, and 0.2 to 3 mol / L is particularly preferable.
- the concentrations of the solution B and the suspension B of the nitrogen-containing organic compound are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the reaction that the crystals (1) form, but are preferably 0.01 to 100 mol / L, preferably 0.05 to 10 mol / L. L is more preferable, and 0.2 to 3 mol / L is particularly preferable.
- the solution-solution mixing method is a method of obtaining the crystal (1) by mixing the above solution A and solution B.
- the method of dropping the solution A and the solution B simultaneously is the simultaneous dropping
- the method of dropping the solution A to the solution B is the forward dropping
- the method of dropping the solution B to the solution A is the reverse dropping.
- the suspension-solution mixing method is a method of obtaining the crystal (1) by mixing the above solution A and the suspension B or mixing the suspension A and the solution B. The mixing at that time can be selected from simultaneous dropping, forward dropping or reverse dropping.
- the suspension-suspension mixing method is a method of obtaining the crystal (1) by mixing the above suspension A and suspension B. The mixing at that time can be selected from simultaneous dropping, forward dropping or reverse dropping.
- the above methods can be combined in any order.
- the poor solvent addition method can be combined with a solvent distillation method or a temperature control method using a solvent in any order, and the conditions for producing the crystal (1) can be established.
- the stirring efficiency of the solution or suspension should be higher.
- the stirring apparatus which can be used in that case is demonstrated below, it is not limited to the following description.
- the apparatus include a kneader, a reaction vessel for organic synthesis, a stirrer, an ultrasonic generator, a mixer for a flow reactor, and the like.
- stirring by a magnetic stirrer bar and a magnetic stirrer, stirring by a stirring blade, stirring by bubbling of an inert gas, stirring by a centrifugal stirring body, a baffle that can be arranged in a reaction vessel, and the like can be mentioned.
- stirring blade examples include a propeller blade, a paddle blade, a Max Blend blade (registered trademark), a disk turbine blade, a full zone blade (registered trademark), and the like.
- a Max blend blade (registered trademark), a disk turbine blade, or a full zone blade ( Registered trademark) is preferred.
- the crystal (1) produced in the step (a) can be isolated by filtration or the like, although it depends on the properties of the crystal itself, or it is not isolated and is irradiated with light in the subsequent step (b).
- the reaction can also be carried out continuously. In the present specification, the latter is referred to as continuation of step (a) and step (b).
- the solvent used in the method of mixing the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound with a solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction that forms the crystal (1).
- the solvent used for the mixing include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and o-xylene, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, heptane and petroleum ether, and alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane.
- Solvents aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene, aliphatic halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene Hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentyl methyl ether, amine systems such as triethylamine, tributylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline solvent Pyridine solvents such as pyridine and picoline, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate and ethyl propionate, alcohol solvents such as methanol,
- preferred solvents include toluene, o-xylene, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, o-dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, pyridine, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, methanol. , Ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, acetonitrile, ethylene glycol diacetate, or acetic acid.
- More preferred solvents include hexane, heptane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl carbonate, or acetic acid. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the peak value of the crystal (8) described in [Table 1] is an average value of the peak values of three lots of the crystal (8) obtained according to the method described in Example 1 below. Note that any peak of powder X-ray diffraction usually has an error of ⁇ 0.2. The peak value of the crystal (8) considering this error value is shown in [Table 2].
- the crystal (1) composed of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative and the nitrogen-containing organic compound is irradiated with light, and a cyclization reaction is performed on the double bond of the ethylenedicarboxylic acid derivative in the crystal.
- 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid represented by the formula (2) is produced.
- R 1 in the formula is as described above.
- the cyclization reaction in which light is irradiated in the present invention is a reaction in a crystal, that is, in a solid phase, and since the starting material is in a solid state, it occurs in an environment in which the movement of atoms and molecules is extremely limited. It is.
- the wavelength of the light source for the cyclization reaction for irradiating the crystal (1) with light in the present invention is preferably 280 to 600 nm, more preferably 290 to 600 nm, and still more preferably 300 to 580 nm.
- the light source include a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a sodium lamp, a halogen lamp, a gas laser beam, a liquid laser beam, a solid laser beam, sunlight, and a light emitting diode.
- a high pressure mercury lamp or a light emitting diode is preferable, and a high pressure mercury lamp is particularly preferable.
- the light source is preferably housed in a jacket for cooling, and the jacket is made of quartz glass, Pyrex (registered trademark), Hario glass, molybdenum glass, soda glass, lead glass, tungsten glass, VYCOR. (Registered trademark), synthetic quartz glass (SUPRA SIL), and the like.
- a preferable jacket material is quartz glass, Pyrex, Hario glass, molybdenum glass, or the like, and a more preferable jacket material is Pyrex.
- Examples of the irradiation method of the light source in the cyclization reaction in which the crystal (1) is irradiated with light in the present invention include internal irradiation in which the light source is installed inside the reactor and external irradiation in which the light source is installed outside the reactor. Can be used.
- As a specific light source irradiation method there are a method of directly irradiating the crystal (1) with light, a method of irradiating light onto a slurry in which the crystal (1) is dispersed in a solvent, and the like.
- the slurry is irradiated with light, both internal irradiation in which the light source is installed inside the reaction vessel and external irradiation in which the light source is installed outside the reaction vessel can be used.
- Examples of the atmosphere in the cyclization reaction in which the crystal (1) is irradiated with light include air, normal air, nitrogen, helium, and argon. Of these, air, air, nitrogen or argon is preferable, and air or nitrogen is particularly preferable.
- the reaction temperature at which the crystal (1) is irradiated with light to carry out the cyclization reaction is not particularly limited, but can be set from ⁇ 78 ° C. to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture. Of these, ⁇ 40 to 90 ° C. is preferable, and ⁇ 20 to 50 ° C. is more preferable.
- the reaction apparatus for carrying out the cyclization reaction by irradiating the crystal (1) with light is not particularly limited. However, from the shape, a tank type or a tube type can be used.
- Step (b) when the slurry in which the crystal (1) is dispersed in the solvent is irradiated with light, it is preferable that the stirring efficiency of the slurry is high.
- the stirring apparatus which can be used in that case is demonstrated below, it is not limited to the following. Examples of the apparatus include a reaction vessel for organic synthesis, a stirrer, an ultrasonic generator, a mixer for a flow reactor, and the like.
- stirring by a magnetic stirrer bar and a magnetic stirrer stirring by a stirring blade, stirring by bubbling of an inert gas, stirring by a centrifugal stirring body, a baffle that can be arranged in a reaction vessel, and the like can be mentioned.
- the stirring blades include propeller blades, paddle blades, Max Blend blades (registered trademark), disk turbine blades, full zone blades (registered trademark), and the like. (Registered trademark), disk turbine blade, or full zone blade (registered trademark) is more preferable.
- the cyclization reaction in which the crystal (1) in the present invention is irradiated with light can also be performed in the presence of a photosensitizer.
- the photosensitizer include benzene, toluene, acetone, butane-2,3-dione, durene, benzonitrile, butyrophenone, propiophenone, acetophenone, xanthone, 4-methoxyacetophenone, 4′-acetylacetophenone, anthrone.
- Benzaldehyde, 4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone benzophenone, fluorene, triphenylene, biphenyl, thioxanthone, anthraquinone, 4,4′-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, phenanthrene, naphthalene, 4-phenylacetophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 2 -Iodonaphthalene, 1,2-didehydroacenaphthylene, 2-naphthonitrile, 1-iodonaphthalene, 1-naphthonitrile, chrysene, coronene, benzyl, fluoro Nthene, pyrene, 1,2-benzoanthracene, acridine, anthracene, perylene, tetracene, 2-methoxynaphthalene, 2-acetylnaphthalene, 1,4′-dicyanona
- preferred photosensitizers are benzene, toluene, acetone, butane-2,3-dione, benzonitrile, butyrophenone, propiophenone, acetophenone, xanthone, 4-methoxyacetophenone, 4′-acetylacetophenone, anthrone, Benzaldehyde, 4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, benzophenone, fluorene, triphenylene, biphenyl, thioxanthone, anthraquinone, 4,4′-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, phenanthrene, naphthalene, 4-phenylacetophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 1, 2-didehydroacenaphthylene, benzyl, pyrene, acridine, anthracene, perylene, 2-acetylnaphthalene or 9,10-di
- examples of the solvent for preparing the crystal (1) as a slurry include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and o-xylene, hexane, Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as heptane, 2-methylpentane, octane and petroleum ether, alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, aromatic halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1 , 4-Di
- preferred solvents used for preparing the crystal (1) as a slurry are toluene, o-xylene, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, o-dichlorobenzene, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, pyridine, ethyl acetate, acetic acid. n-butyl, methyl isobutyl ketone, or dimethyl carbonate. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the advantage of cyclization reaction by irradiating light with the crystal (1) as a slurry is that the crystal dispersed in the solution can be efficiently irradiated with light and the reaction temperature during the photoreaction is carried out.
- the concentration when preparing the slurry of crystals (1) is preferably 0.001 to 100 mol / L, more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol / L, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 3 mol / L.
- step (c) 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid represented by the formula (2) is used as a starting material, and is represented by the formula (3) by a dehydration condensation reaction. 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride is prepared. R 1 in the formula is as described above.
- the reaction of the step (c) is carried out by a known method such as Synthetic Communications, 1989, 19 (3-4), 679-688, Synthetic Communications, 1987, 17 (3), 355-368. Synthetic Communications, 2003, 33 (8), 1275-1283, and the like.
- Examples of the condensing agent used in the dehydration condensation reaction in step (c) in the present invention include acetic anhydride, thionyl chloride, acetyl chloride and the like.
- the condensing agent can also be used as a solvent.
- the solvent used in the dehydration condensation reaction in step (c) is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the progress of the reaction.
- toluene, ethyl acetate, acetic anhydride, thionyl chloride, acetyl chloride, pyridine and the like can be used. Can be mentioned. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the dehydration condensation reaction can be carried out without a solvent.
- the reaction temperature of the dehydration condensation reaction in step (c) can be set to any temperature from ⁇ 60 ° C. to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture. Of these, ⁇ 20 to 230 ° C. is preferable, and 0 to 150 ° C. is more preferable.
- the reaction temperature of the dehydration condensation reaction performed without solvent in step (c) can be set to any temperature from 100 ° C. to the thermal decomposition temperature of the starting material. The preferred reaction temperature is 100 to 230 ° C.
- JNM-ECA 500 (manufactured by JEOL): quantitative 1 H-NMR ( 13 C decoupling 1 H measurement) Measurement was carried out in a deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 ) solvent using maleic acid as a standard substance.
- AVANCE III 500 (Bruker): solid state 13 C-NMR Measurement was performed using adamantane as a standard substance.
- GC Gas chromatograph
- GC 6890 series GC (manufactured by Hewlett Packard)
- GC-HRMS Gas chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometry
- GC 7890A (Agilent)
- MS GCT Premier (Waters)
- UV-XEFL main wavelength peak 290 nm, 4.5 W [using a length of 3 cm of 1.5 W / cm is used)] and UV-XEFL (main wavelength peak 320 nm; 5 W [1.5 W / cm length 3 cm used]) was used.
- Ultrasonic cleaning machine US-18KS (manufactured by SNDI) Karl Fischer moisture meter: MKC-510 (Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.) Liquid chromatograph (HPLC): HPLC: Prominence (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
- Example 1-1 Production of crystal (8) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid (Part 1)
- Citraconic acid (3.11 g, 23.90 mmol) and pyridine (1.89 g, 23.89 mmol) are sequentially added to the mortar, and the resulting solid is thoroughly mixed while grinding with a pestle for 5 minutes to remove pyridine and citraconic acid.
- the constituted crystal (8) was obtained as a white solid (4.79 g) (yield 96%).
- FIG. 1 is an FT-IR chart of the crystal (8).
- FIG. 2 is a powder X-ray diffraction chart of the crystal (8).
- Example 1-2 Production of crystal (8) (part 2) Citraconic acid (130.1 mg, 1.00 mmol), pyridine (80.6 ⁇ L, 1.00 mmol) and methanol (2 mL) were sequentially added to the screw-mouth bottle (screw tube manufactured by Maruem), and the reaction mixture was mixed. And dissolved. Next, the mouth of the screw-mouth bottle containing the reaction mixture is covered with gauze and allowed to stand at 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. for 64 hours in an operated draft chamber. Crystal (8) composed of citraconic acid was obtained as a white solid (197.2 mg) (yield 94%).
- Powder X-ray diffraction ⁇ Analysis conditions for powder X-ray diffraction> are the same as those described in Example 1-1.
- Single crystal X-ray structure analysis Using a SMART APEX II ULTRA single crystal X-ray diffractometer manufactured by Bruker, the temperature was measured by cooling to -50 ° C. with Cu-K ⁇ rays (wavelength: 1.54178 mm). SAINT software was used for integration of X-ray diffraction data, and SHELXTL-97 program was used for space group determination and crystal structure analysis, and single crystal X-ray structure analysis of the crystal (8), which was a white solid, was performed. Table 5 shows crystal data and structure refinement of the crystal (8). ⁇ Analysis conditions for single crystal X-ray structural analysis> X-ray: Cu-K ⁇ Voltage: 50kV Current: 24 mA Measurement temperature: -50 ° C
- FIG. 3 shows a packing structure of an anion of citraconic acid and pyridinium together with a unit cell in a cylinder model.
- carbon atoms are black
- hydrogen atoms are white
- nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms are represented by element symbols in the figure
- two dotted lines in the figure indicate the closest double bonds.
- FIG. 4 shows only the arrangement of the anions of citraconic acid in the crystal (8) as an altep diagram.
- the crystal (8) was a crystal composed of only two types of constituent elements of an anion of citraconic acid and pyridinium having a molar ratio of 1: 1. Furthermore, from the result of FIG. 4, in the crystal structure of the crystal (8), the closest double bonds are located in parallel to each other, and the distance between the parallel double bonds represented by the following formula (8A) L1 was 4.12 cm.
- Example 1-3 Production of crystal (8) (part 3) Heptane (28 mL) and pyridine (1.87 mL, 23.25 mmol) were added to the reaction vessel and the resulting solution was kept at 20 ° C to 25 ° C. Next, citraconic acid (2.75 g, 21.14 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (28 mL) was added dropwise to the solution over 10 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. for 20 minutes, pyridine and citraconic acid.
- Powder X-ray diffraction ⁇ Analysis conditions for powder X-ray diffraction> are the same as those described in Example 1-1.
- Example 2-1 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 1)
- a crystal (8) (100.0 mg, 0.478 mmol) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid was spread on a glass petri dish and covered with a petri dish.
- the petri dish was placed on a cool plate set at 25 ° C., and cyclization reaction was carried out by irradiating light with a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp for 50 hours. The distance between the petri dish and the light source was 1 cm. After stopping the reaction, the reaction mixture was recovered as a pale yellow solid (80.2 mg).
- Analysis of the reaction mixture revealed that the yield of the target compound (13a) was 83%, the conversion rate was 94%, and the selectivity was> 99%.
- the yield was determined by quantitative 1 H-NMR using maleic acid as a standard product. Further, the conversion rate and selectivity were calculated from the relative area ratio of the target compound, unnecessary diastereomer and peak derived from the raw material in GC analysis.
- GC sample preparation method A described later is performed, and the compound (12a) and the diastereomer are subjected to a hydrolysis reaction, followed by a methyl esterification reaction, thereby passing through the target compound (13a) and the diastereomer. Then, after derivatization into the compound (14a) and the diastereomer, GC analysis and GC-HRMS analysis were performed.
- the detail about the cyclization reaction which irradiates light in the solution of citraconic anhydride is mentioned later in a reference example.
- GC analysis conditions Column: TC-5 (0.53 mm x 30 m, film thickness 1.5 ⁇ m) Carrier gas: Helium flow rate: 3.3 mL / min (constant flow rate) Split ratio: 1/10, sample injection volume: 3 ⁇ L Column temperature: 80 ° C. (2 minutes hold), heating rate: 10 ° C./min, 250 ° C. (11 minutes hold) Inlet temperature: 280 ° C Detector temperature: 280 ° C
- GC sample preparation method A The preparation method is Preparation Step I described in (Formula A), followed by Preparation Step II. After the cyclization reaction with light irradiation, the solvent distilled off reaction mixture (20 mg) was collected in a screw cap bottle, methanol (3 mL) and 0.05 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2 mL) were added, The solution was stirred at 20-25 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- compound (12a) is derived into compound (14a) by GC sample preparation method A.
- the analysis result is described.
- GC analysis: Retention time 18.62 minutes
- the diastereomer of the compound (12a) is one of the compound (12b), the compound (12c) or the compound (12d).
- the compound (14b), the compound (14c) or the compound (14d) is used. ).
- the analysis result is described.
- ⁇ GC sample preparation method B The preparation method is Preparation Step II described in (Formula A). After performing the cyclization reaction which irradiates light, the reaction mixture (25 mg) taken out by filtration operation etc. was extract
- Example 2-2 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 2) Add crystal (8) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid (5.00 g, 23.90 mmol) and hexane (100 mL) as a solvent to a photochemical reaction experimental apparatus (manufactured by Sen Special Light Source Co., Ltd.) that can be stirred with a magnetic stirrer. A light source was installed in the center of the interior. The reaction temperature was changed from 20 ° C.
- Example 2-3 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 3) Photochemical reaction experimental apparatus (Sen Special Light Source Co., Ltd.) that can stir crystals (8) (25.00 g, 119.50 mmol) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid, heptane (200 mL) and n-butyl acetate (200 mL) with a magnetic stirrer. And a light source was installed in the center of the inside. The reaction temperature was changed from 20 ° C. to 25 ° C., and the slurry was stirred.
- Crystals (8) (25.00 g, 119.50 mmol) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid, heptane (200 mL) and n-butyl acetate (200 mL)
- a light source was installed in the center of the inside.
- the reaction temperature was changed
- the reaction mixture was filtered to collect a white solid reaction mixture (19.64 g). Analysis of the reaction mixture revealed that the yield of the target compound (13a) was 93%, the conversion rate was 95%, and the selectivity was> 99%. The yield was calculated from the yield of the reaction mixture and 1 H-NMR. Conversion and selectivity were analyzed according to the method described in Example 2-1, and were calculated from the relative area ratios of various peaks in GC analysis.
- the white solid reaction mixture obtained after the photoreaction was isolated and purified. For purification, 10.00 g was extracted from the reaction mixture, dissolved in methanol (70 mL), filtered, and then the solvent was distilled off. Next, after dissolving in acetic acid (45 mL), the solution was stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes, then cooled from 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. and filtered. Thereafter, the solvent contained in the obtained solid was distilled off, followed by vacuum drying using a vacuum pump to obtain the target compound (6.12 g) as a white solid. The yield calculated by 1 H-NMR was 83%.
- a part of the obtained target compound was collected, and a solution in which the compound was saturatedly dissolved in acetonitrile heated to 70 ° C. was prepared. Next, the solution was cooled to 20 ° C. to 25 ° C., allowed to stand and recrystallized, and single crystal X-ray structural analysis of the obtained single crystal was performed.
- FIG. 5 shows the molecular structure of the compound (13a) in an altep diagram.
- Example 2-4 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 4) Ethyl acetate (110 mL) and pyridine (7.49 mL, 93.01 mmol) were added to a photochemical reaction experimental apparatus (manufactured by Sen Special Light Company) that can be stirred with a magnetic stirrer, and cooled to 5 ° C. Next, citraconic acid (11.00 g, 84.55 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (110 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture over 30 minutes.
- a photochemical reaction experimental apparatus manufactured by Sen Special Light Company
- reaction mixture was stirred at 5 ° C. for 20 minutes to prepare a slurry of crystals (8) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid.
- a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp was inserted into the reaction vessel, and a cyclization reaction was performed by irradiating light at 5 ° C. for 22 hours with stirring.
- the solid was collected by filtration with a Kiriyama funnel, washed with ethyl acetate (30 mL), and vacuum dried to obtain a white solid reaction mixture (12.82 g).
- Analysis of the reaction mixture revealed that the yield of the target compound (13a) was 93%, the conversion rate was 95%, and the selectivity was> 99%.
- the yield was calculated from the yield of the reaction mixture and 1 H-NMR.
- the conversion and selectivity were analyzed according to the method described in Example 2-1, and were calculated from the relative area ratios of various peaks in GC analysis.
- Example 3-1 Preparation of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) Crystal composed of pyridine and citraconic acid (8 ) (200.0 mg, 0.956 mmol) and ethyl acetate (4 mL) as a solvent were added to a screw cap bottle (screw tube manufactured by Maruem) to prepare a slurry. Then, the light source was installed outside the screw mouth bottle so that it could be stirred with a magnetic stirrer. The distance between the screw cap bottle and the light source was 4.5 cm.
- Example 6 The reaction was carried out under the same conditions as described in Example 3-1, except that the solvent, ethyl acetate, was changed to the solvent described in Table 6.
- Table 6 shows the experimental results of the solvent used, conversion, selectivity, yield, and appearance at the time of recovery as Examples 3-2 to 3-8.
- step (a) pyridine (60 mL) and then citraconic acid (15.55 g, 119.52 mmol) were added to a photochemical reaction experimental apparatus (manufactured by Sen Special Light Source Co., Ltd.) that can be stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 20 ° C. To 25 ° C. for 10 minutes. After completion of stirring, heptane (175 mL) and n-butyl acetate (175 mL) were added as a solvent, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes to prepare a slurry of crystals (8) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid.
- a photochemical reaction experimental apparatus manufactured by Sen Special Light Source Co., Ltd.
- a light source was installed in the center of the inside of the reaction vessel, and as a step (b), a slurry of the crystal (8) obtained in the step (a) was heated at 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. and 400 W high-pressure mercury. The mixture was stirred while irradiating with a lamp for 8 hours. The reaction was stopped by stopping the light irradiation, and then the resulting slurry was filtered to obtain a white solid reaction mixture. Analysis of the reaction mixture showed that the target compound (13a) had a conversion of 97% and selectivity> 99%. The conversion and selectivity were analyzed according to the method described in Example 2-1, and were calculated from the relative area ratios of various peaks in GC analysis.
- the reaction mixture was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (250 mL), filtered, and then the solvent was distilled off. Next, suspension washing was performed using a mixed solvent of acetic acid (40 mL) and n-butyl acetate (40 mL), and then filtered again. Then, it vacuum-dried using the vacuum pump and obtained the refined compound (13a).
- Step (c) The purified compound (13a), toluene (60 mL) and acetic anhydride (31.8 mL, 336.4 mmol) were added to the reaction vessel and stirred at 100 ° C. for 3 hours. After the stirring, the reaction was stopped by cooling the reaction vessel from 20 ° C to 25 ° C. After filtering the obtained reaction mixture, the obtained solid was washed with an ether solvent and vacuum-dried using a vacuum pump to obtain the target compound (12a) (11.36 g) as a white solid. The total yield calculated from 1 H-NMR from the starting material citraconic acid was 85%. A part of the obtained target compound was collected and subjected to single crystal X-ray structural analysis.
- Example 5 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) using a photosensitizer
- Benzophenone 21.78 mg, 0.12 mmol as a photosensitizer and heptane (10 mL) as a solvent were added to a screw cap bottle (a screw tube manufactured by Maruem).
- crystals (8) 500.0 mg, 2.39 mmol
- the light source was installed outside the screw mouth bottle so that it could be stirred with a magnetic stirrer. The distance between the screw cap bottle and the light source was 4.5 cm.
- the cyclization reaction in which light was irradiated for 5 hours 30 minutes with a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp was carried out at 20 ° C. to 25 ° C.
- the reaction was stopped by stopping the light irradiation, and then the resulting slurry was filtered to obtain a white solid reaction mixture (471.9 mg).
- Analysis of the reaction mixture showed that the target compound (13a) had a conversion of 34% and a selectivity of> 99%.
- the conversion and selectivity were analyzed according to the method described in Example 2-1, and were calculated from the relative area ratios of various peaks in GC analysis.
- Step (a) Mesaconic acid (6M) (130.1 mg, 1.00 mmol), methanol (2 mL) and nicotinamide (9) (122.1 mg, 1.00 mmol) were sequentially added to the screw mouth bottle (screw tube manufactured by Marum). The reaction mixture was mixed and dissolved. Next, the mouth of the screw-mouth bottle containing the reaction mixture is covered with gauze and allowed to stand at 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. for 64 hours in an operating draft chamber, and methanol is evaporated, thereby nicotinamide. And a crystal (10) composed of mesaconic acid was obtained as a white solid.
- the above formula (10) represents a nicotinamide / mesaconic acid crystal composed of nicotinamide and mesaconic acid.
- Step (b) Crystal (10) (100.0 mg, 0.396 mmol) composed of nicotinamide and mesaconic acid was spread and placed on a glass petri dish. The petri dish was covered, placed on a cool plate set at 25 ° C., the distance between the petri dish and the light source was set to 3 cm, and then irradiated with light with a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp for 20 hours. After stopping the reaction by stopping the light irradiation, the reaction mixture was recovered as a white solid. Analysis of the reaction mixture revealed that the target compound (13a) had a conversion of 23% and a selectivity of> 99%.
- the conversion and selectivity were analyzed according to the method described in Example 2-1, and were calculated from the relative area ratios of various peaks in GC analysis.
- Mesaconic acid is used as a raw material, and in the GC sample preparation, unreacted mesaconic acid is derived into dimethyl (E) -2-methyl-2-butenedioate. Therefore, the dimethyl (E) -2-methyl-2-butenedioate peak was treated as a peak derived from the raw material.
- Example 7-1 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 1)
- step (a) and step (b) A photochemical reaction experimental apparatus (manufactured by Sen Special Light Source Co., Ltd.) using a magnetic stirrer was used as an agitator.
- dimethyl carbonate (110 mL) was added in this order, followed by pyridine (7.49 mL, 93.01 mmol) and cooled to 10 ° C.
- citraconic acid (11.00 g, 84.55 mmol) dissolved in dimethyl carbonate (110 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction solution over 30 minutes. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 10 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- Example 7-2 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 2) [Continuation of step (a) and step (b)] A photochemical reaction experimental apparatus (manufactured by Sen Special Light Source Co., Ltd.) using a magnetic stirrer was used as an agitator. Ethyl acetate (110 mL) and pyridine (14.98 mL, 186.02 mmol) were added to the reaction vessel of the apparatus and cooled to 5 ° C.
- citraconic acid 22.00 g, 169.10 mmol
- ethyl acetate 110 mL
- citraconic acid 22.00 g, 169.10 mmol
- ethyl acetate 110 mL
- the reaction mixture was stirred at 5 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- a slurry of crystals (8) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid was obtained.
- the obtained crystal (8) was used in the next step as it was without isolation and purification.
- the slurry was stirred at 5 ° C. and irradiated with light with a 100 W high pressure mercury lamp for 33 hours.
- the amount of water in the reaction mixture after the light irradiation was 1570 ppm as a result of measurement with a Karl Fischer moisture meter (MKC-510, manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.).
- MKC-510 manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.
- the solid in the reaction mixture was filtered off with a funnel and then washed with ethyl acetate (40 mL).
- the obtained solid was vacuum-dried to obtain 26.03 g of the target product as a white solid.
- Analysis of the white solid revealed that the yield of the target compound (13a) was 93%, the conversion rate was 94%, and the selectivity was> 99%.
- the yield was calculated by the yield of the reaction mixture and 1 H-NMR analysis.
- the conversion and selectivity were analyzed according to the method described in Example 2-1, and were calculated from the relative area ratios of various peaks in GC analysis.
- Example 8-1 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 1)
- Crystals (8) (100.0 mg, 0.478 mmol) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid and ethyl acetate (2 mL) were added to a screw cap bottle (a screw tube manufactured by Maruem Co., Ltd.) to prepare a slurry. After completion of the preparation, the screw cap bottle containing the slurry was placed so that the distance from the light source was 5 cm. After the installation was completed, a xenon lamp (main wavelength peak 290 nm, 4.5 W) was used as a light source, and light was irradiated for 2 hours so that the temperature of the slurry was kept at 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. A magnetic stirrer was used for stirring. The conversion of the target compound (13a) was 3% by HPLC analysis of the slurry after completion of stirring.
- Example 8-2 Production of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S) -1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (13a) (Part 2)
- Crystals (8) (300.0 mg, 1.434 mmol) composed of pyridine and citraconic acid and ethyl acetate (6 mL) were added to a screw mouth bottle (screw tube manufactured by Maruem Co., Ltd.) to prepare a slurry. After completion of the preparation, the screw cap bottle containing the slurry was placed so that the distance from the light source was 5 cm. After the installation, a xenon lamp (main wavelength peak: 320 nm, 4.5 W) was used as a light source, and light was irradiated for 77 hours so that the temperature of the slurry was kept at 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. A magnetic stirrer was used for stirring. By HPLC analysis of the slurry after completion of the stirring (analysis conditions are the same as in Example 8-1), the conversion rate of the target compound (13a) was 74%.
- Step (a) and step (b) were performed using a flow reactor.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the flow reactor
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a T-shaped mixer (mixer 2) having a double tube structure in the flow reactor.
- the flow reactor has a device in which an FEP tube (a fluororesin tube made of a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer) having an inner diameter of 2 mm, an outer diameter of 3 mm, and a length of 10 m is wound around a lamp jacket of a light source. Used and installed in an ultrasonic cleaner.
- FEP tube a fluororesin tube made of a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- an ethyl acetate solution of pyridine (266.3 mg, 3.366 mmol) having a concentration of 0.34 mol / L was prepared.
- the ethyl acetate solution of citraconic acid and the ethyl acetate solution of pyridine were each sent at 0.9 mL / min using a syringe pump, and were mixed by the mixer 1 (21 in FIG. 7). Then, it mixed with nitrogen gas with the mixer 2 (32 in FIG.
- the mixer 2 has the double pipe
- the cyclization reaction was carried out under light irradiation with a 450 W high pressure mercury lamp and further under ultrasonic irradiation. The reaction was carried out by adjusting the mass flow controller so that the slag flow passed through the irradiated portion of light and ultrasonic waves in 11 minutes. According to HPLC analysis of the recovered effluent, the conversion rate of the target compound (13a) was 34%.
- Non-Patent Document 2 a cyclization reaction was performed by irradiating light in a solution of citraconic anhydride (11).
- Citraconic anhydride (11) (1.38 g, 12.31 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) as a solvent and benzophenone (93.0 mg, 0.51 mmol) as a photosensitizer
- the light source was installed outside the screw mouth bottle so that it could be stirred with a magnetic stirrer. The distance between the screw cap bottle and the light source was 4.5 cm.
- a cyclization reaction in which light was irradiated for 18 hours with a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp was performed at 20 to 25 ° C. After stopping the reaction, analysis of the reaction mixture revealed that the target compound (12a) had a conversion of 68% and selectivity of 50%.
- the analysis results of the target compound (12a) are as follows.
- GC analysis: Retention time 15.60 minutes
- the analysis results of the diastereomer of the target compound (12a) are as follows.
- GC analysis: Retention time 15.81 minutes
- GC-HRMS analysis m / z calcd for C 10 H 9 O 6 [M + H] + : 225.0399, found 225.0403
- the diastereomer of the target compound (12a) was estimated to be one of the compound (12b), the compound (12c) or the compound (12d).
- Citraconic anhydride (11) (1.42 g, 12.67 mmol) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) as a solvent were added to a screw cap bottle (a screw tube manufactured by Maruem) so that they could be stirred with a magnetic stirrer, A light source was installed outside the screw mouth bottle. No photosensitizer was added, and the distance between the screw cap bottle and the light source was 4.5 cm.
- a cyclization reaction in which light was irradiated for 60 hours with a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp was performed at 20 to 25 ° C. After stopping the reaction, the solvent of the reaction mixture was distilled off, followed by vacuum drying using a vacuum pump to obtain a white solid reaction mixture (1.36 g).
- the GC sample preparation method A used was the GC sample preparation method A described above.
- the conversion and selectivity were analyzed according to the method described in Example 2-1, and were calculated from the relative area ratios of various peaks in GC analysis.
- Patent Document 2 there was no description about the selectivity between the target compound and an unnecessary diastereomer immediately after the cyclization reaction with light irradiation, that is, before the purification operation.
- the number of unnecessary diastereomers was 1 to 1.4 times that of the target compound 1,3-dimethylcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. It was confirmed that it was generated to the extent. Therefore, it is surmised that the conventional production method requires a complicated purification operation due to this low selectivity, and has an adverse effect on the production efficiency.
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Abstract
Description
特に、式(12a)で表される1,3-ジメチルシクロブタン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び該酸二無水物の原料になる式(13a)で表される1,3-ジメチルシクロブタン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸は、液晶表示素子や半導体における保護材料、絶縁材料、カラーフィルター、液晶配向膜、光導波路用材料などとして広く使用されているポリイミドの主要な原料又は合成中間体である(特許文献1及び非特許文献1参照)。
非特許文献2によると、シトラコン酸無水物及び光増感剤としてのベンゾフェノンを1,4-ジオキサンに溶解させ、該溶液に光を照射して環化反応を行い、二つのメチル基がシクロブタン環上に置換しているジメチルシクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を合成している。さらに得られたジメチルシクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に対して加水分解反応を行い、次いでメチルエステル化反応を行うことで、ジメチルシクロブタン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸テトラメチルエステルを合成している。しかし、シクロブタン環上のメチル基の位置及び相対配置の決定には至っていない。
工程(a):溶媒の存在下又は不存在下で、式(4C)又は式(4M)で表されるエチレンジカルボン酸誘導体と含窒素有機化合物(5)とから構成される結晶(1)を製造する工程。
〔3〕含窒素有機化合物(5)が、含窒素複素環式化合物である上記〔2〕に記載の製造方法。
〔4〕含窒素複素環式化合物が、ニコチンアミド又はピリジンである上記〔3〕に記載の製造方法。
〔5〕工程(b)において、波長が290nmから600nmである光を照射する上記〔1〕乃至〔4〕のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
〔6〕工程(b)において、波長が300nmから580nmである光を照射する上記〔1〕乃至〔4〕のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
〔7〕工程(b)において、光増感剤の存在下で光を照射する上記〔1〕乃至〔6〕のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
〔8〕式(4C)又は式(4M)において、R1はメチル基又はエチル基を表す上記〔1〕乃至〔7〕のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
〔9〕式(4C)で表される化合物を用いる上記〔1〕乃至〔8〕のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
〔12〕Cu-Kα線による粉末X線回折において、回折角2θ= (12.58±0.2, 15.05±0.2, 16.08±0.2, 17.60±0.2, 19.20±0.2, 21.57±0.2, 23.02±0.2, 24.50±0.2, 26.45±0.2, 27.06±0.2, 28.10±0.2, 32.49±0.2, 35.90±0.2, 36.46±0.2及び38.43±0.2)にピークを有するピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶。
〔13〕Cu-Kα線による粉末X線回折において、回折角2θ=(12.58±0.2, 15.05±0.2, 16.08±0.2, 17.60±0.2, 18.34±0.2, 19.20±0.2, 21.57±0.2, 23.02±0.2, 24.50±0.2, 26.45±0.2, 27.06±0.2, 28.10±0.2, 30.39±0.2, 32.49±0.2, 34.71±0.2, 35.90±0.2, 36.46±0.2及び38.43±0.2)にピークを有する上記〔12〕に記載の結晶。
「n-」はノルマルを表し、「s-」はセカンダリーを表し、「t-」はターシャリーを表し、「o-」はオルトを表し、「m-」はメタを表し、「p-」はパラを表す。又、「trans」、「cis」は、環状化合物の置換基の相対的な配置を表し、該当する置換基が環平面の反対側にあるものはトランス(trans)、同じ側にあるものはシス(cis)と表示する。又、(E)及び(Z)は、二重結合でつながれた分子の平面部分内で二重結合をつくる原子に結合した基のうち順位則上位のものが反対側に出ている場合は(E)として、同じ側に出ている場合は(Z)とする立体化学を表示する。
ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられる。尚、ハロの表記もこれらのハロゲン原子を表す。
本工程では、式(4C)又は式(4M)で表されるエチレンジカルボン酸誘導体と含窒素有機化合物(5)から構成される結晶(1)を得る。式中、R1は、C1~C4アルキル基、フェニル基又はハロゲン原子を表すが、なかでも、R1は、メチル基、エチル基、又はフェニル基である場合が好ましく、メチル基、又はエチル基である場合がさらに好ましい。
なかでも、シトラコン酸、2-エチルマレイン酸、2-イソプロピルマレイン酸、又は2-フェニルマレイン酸が好ましく、シトラコン酸、又は2-エチルマレイン酸が特に好ましい。
なかでも、メサコン酸、2-エチルフマル酸、2-フェニルフマル酸、又は2-フルオロフマル酸が好ましく、メサコン酸、又は2-エチルフマル酸が特に好ましい。
上記イミドとしては、コハク酸イミド、N-ブロモスクシンイミド、N-クロロスクシンイミド等が挙げられる。なかでも、コハク酸イミドが好ましい。
上記した含窒素有機化合物は単独で用いてもよく、これらのうちの2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
結晶(1)を製造する際の圧力は、加圧、常圧、又は減圧のいずれでもよいが、0.5~10atmが好ましく、0.9~2atmがより好ましい。
両者を直に混合する方法としては、捏和法、混合粉砕法等が使用できる。捏和法は、一方が固体であり、他方が液体の場合の混合に適用でき、少量の場合には乳鉢、大量の場合には捏和機、有機合成用の反応容器、撹拌機等を使用できる。
エチレンジカルボン酸誘導体と含窒素有機化合物のいずれも固体の場合、混合粉砕法が適用でき、少量の場合には乳鉢、大量の場合には粉砕機等を使用できる。捏和法又は混合粉砕法での混合の際、中和反応等による発熱を伴う場合があるので、乳鉢、反応容器等を冷却しながら実施することもできる。
含窒素有機化合物の溶液B及び懸濁液Bの濃度は、結晶(1)が生成する反応を阻害しない限り特に制限はないが、0.01~100mol/Lが好ましく、0.05~10mol/Lがより好ましく、0.2~3mol/Lが特に好ましい。
懸濁液-溶液混合法は、上記の溶液Aと懸濁液Bとを混合するか、又は懸濁液Aと溶液Bとを混合することで結晶(1)を得る方法である。その際の混合は、同時滴下、順滴下又は逆滴下から選択できる。
懸濁液-懸濁液混合法は、上記の懸濁液Aと懸濁液Bとを混合することで結晶(1)を得る方法である。その際の混合は、同時滴下、順滴下又は逆滴下から選択できる。
〔表1〕
----------------------------------
2θ= 12.58, 15.05, 16.08, 17.60, 18.34, 19.20, 21.57, 23.02, 24.50, 26.45, 27.06, 28.10, 30.39, 32.49, 34.71, 35.90, 36.46, 38.43
----------------------------------
なお、粉末X線回折のいずれのピークも通常±0.2の誤差を有する。この誤差値を考慮した結晶(8)のピーク値を〔表2〕に示す。
〔表2〕
----------------------------------
2θ= 12.58±0.2, 15.05±0.2, 16.08±0.2, 17.60±0.2, 18.34±0.2, 19.20±0.2, 21.57±0.2, 23.02±0.2, 24.50±0.2, 26.45±0.2, 27.06±0.2, 28.10±0.2, 30.39±0.2, 32.49±0.2, 34.71±0.2, 35.90±0.2, 36.46±0.2, 38.43±0.2
----------------------------------
〔表3〕
----------------------------------
2θ= 12.58, 15.05, 16.08, 17.60, 19.20, 21.57, 23.02, 24.50, 26.45, 27.06, 28.10, 32.49, 35.90, 36.46, 38.43
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誤差値を考慮した結晶(8)の特徴的なピーク値を〔表4〕に示す。
〔表4〕
----------------------------------
2θ= 12.58±0.2, 15.05±0.2, 16.08±0.2, 17.60±0.2, 19.20±0.2, 21.57±0.2, 23.02±0.2, 24.50±0.2, 26.45±0.2, 27.06±0.2, 28.10±0.2, 32.49±0.2, 35.90±0.2, 36.46±0.2, 38.43±0.2
----------------------------------
本発明における光を照射する環化反応は、結晶中、即ち固相中での反応であり、出発原料は固体状態であるため、原子や分子の移動が著しく制限された環境で起こることが特徴である。
光源としては、高圧水銀ランプ、低圧水銀ランプ、超高圧水銀ランプ、キセノンランプ、ナトリウムランプ、ハロゲンランプ、気体レーザー光、液体レーザー光、固体レーザー光、太陽光、発光ダイオード等が挙げられる。なかでも、高圧水銀ランプ、又は発光ダイオードが好ましく、高圧水銀ランプが特に好ましい。
具体的な光源の照射方法としては、結晶(1)に直接、光照射する方法や、結晶(1)を溶媒中に分散させたスラリーに光を照射する方法などがある。スラリーに光を照射する場合は、光源を反応容器の内部に設置する内部照射と、反応容器の外側に設置する外部照射のいずれも使用できる。
結晶(1)に光を照射し環化反応を実施する際の反応温度は、特に限定されるものではないが、-78℃から反応混合物の還流温度までを設定することができる。なかでも、-40~90℃が好ましく、-20~50℃がより好ましい。
結晶(1)に光を照射し環化反応を実施する際の反応装置は、特に限定されるものではないが、形状からは、槽型や管型等を使用でき、操作方法からは、回分式、連続式、半回分式等が使用できる。例えば、回分反応器、連続槽型反応器、ピストン流れ反応器、フローリアクター等が挙げられる。
工程(b)において、結晶(1)を溶媒中に分散させたスラリーに光を照射する際、該スラリーの撹拌効率は高い方が好ましい。その際に用いることができる撹拌装置について以下に説明するが、下記に限定されるものではない。装置としては有機合成用の反応容器、撹拌機、超音波発生器、フローリアクターの混合器等が挙げられる。具体的には、マグネチックスターラーバーとマグネチックスターラーによる撹拌、撹拌翼による撹拌、不活性ガスのバブリングによる撹拌、遠心式撹拌体による撹拌、反応容器中に配置できるバッフル等が挙げられる。撹拌翼については、プロペラ翼、パドル翼、マックスブレンド翼(登録商標)、ディスクタービン翼、フルゾーン翼(登録商標)等が挙げられ、スラリーに対して撹拌効率の良い撹拌翼が好ましく、マックスブレンド翼(登録商標)、ディスクタービン翼、又はフルゾーン翼(登録商標)がより好ましい。
本発明における工程(c)の脱水縮合反応に用いる縮合剤としては、例えば、無水酢酸、塩化チオニル、塩化アセチル等が挙げられる。又、縮合剤は溶媒として用いることもできる。
工程(c)の脱水縮合反応の際に用いる溶媒としては、反応の進行を阻害しないものであれば特に制限はなく、例えば、トルエン、酢酸エチル、無水酢酸、塩化チオニル、塩化アセチル、ピリジン等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は単独でも、2種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。又、無溶媒でも、該脱水縮合反応は実施できる。
工程(c)の無溶媒で行う脱水縮合反応の反応温度は、100℃から出発原料の熱分解温度までの任意の温度を設定することができる。好ましい反応温度は100~230℃である。
NMR:
ECX 300 (JEOL 社製):1H-NMR、13C-NMR
ケミカルシフト値は、内部標準物質としてMe4Si(テトラメチルシラン)を用いて重ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6)溶媒にて測定した。
JNM-ECA 500 (JEOL 社製):定量1H-NMR(13Cデカップリング1H測定)
標準物質としてマレイン酸を用いて重ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6)溶媒にて測定した。
AVANCE III 500 (Bruker 社製):固相13C-NMR
標準物質としてアダマンタンを用いて測定した。
GC: 6890 series GC (Hewlett Packard 社製)
ガスクロマトグラフ-高分解能質量分析(GC-HRMS):
GC: 7890A (Agilent 社製), MS: GCT Premier (Waters 社製)
SMART APEX II ULTRA (Bruker 社製)
粉末X線回折:
MiniFlex600 (Rigaku 社製)
赤外吸収(IR):
FT-IR ALPHA (Bruker Optics 社製)
US-18KS(エスエヌディ社製)
カールフィッシャー水分計:
MKC-510 (京都電子工業社製)
液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC):
HPLC: Prominence (島津製作所社製)
固相13C-NMR:
4mm CP/MAS probe, 13C,CP/TOSS法, 接触時間4ms, 回転数8kHz,
外部基準試料 adamantane (29.472 ppm)
δ172.4, 168.4, 144.4, 144.4, 142.5, 140.1, 134.2, 129.8, 127.9, 25.8 ppm
FT-IR:
図1は結晶(8)のFT-IRのチャートである。
粉末X線回折:
<粉末X線回折の分析条件>
X線:Cu-Kα
電圧:40kV
電流:15mA
ステップ幅:0.020deg
スキャン範囲:2θ=3~40deg
図2は結晶(8)の粉末X線回折のチャートである。かかる粉末X線回折のチャートから読みとれる粉末X線回折のピーク値は以下のとおりである。
2θ= 12.56, 15.03, 16.06, 17.58, 18.29, 19.21, 21.55, 22.99, 24.50, 26.43, 27.04, 28.08, 30.33, 32.48, 34.69, 35.87, 36.44, 38.43
シトラコン酸(130.1mg,1.00mmol)、ピリジン(80.6μL,1.00mmol)及びメタノール(2mL)を順次、ねじ口瓶(マルエム社製のスクリュー管)に添加し、該反応混合物を混合して溶解させた。次に、該反応混合物の入ったねじ口瓶の口をガーゼで覆って、稼働させたドラフトチャンバー内に64時間、20℃から25℃にて静置させ、メタノールを蒸発させることで、ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)を白色固体(197.2mg)として得た(収率94%)。
粉末X線回折:
<粉末X線回折の分析条件>は、実施例1-1に記載の条件と同様である。結晶(8)の粉末X線回折のピーク値を以下に示す。
2θ= 12.56, 15.04, 16.08, 17.58, 18.33, 19.14, 21.55, 23.01, 24.43, 26.42, 27.03, 28.07, 30.40, 32.48, 34.70, 35.88, 36.44, 38.42
Bruker 社製の単結晶X線回折計SMART APEX II ULTRAを使用して、Cu-Kα線(波長:1.54178 Å)で、-50℃に冷却して測定した。X線回折データの積分処理はSAINT ソフトウェアを使用し、空間群決定及び結晶構造解析はSHELXTL-97 プログラムを用いて、上記白色固体である結晶(8)の単結晶X線構造解析を行った。表5に、結晶(8)の結晶データ及び構造精密化を示す。
<単結晶X線構造解析の分析条件>
X線:Cu-Kα
電圧:50kV
電流:24mA
測定温度:-50℃
図3において、炭素原子は黒色、水素原子は白色、窒素原子及び酸素原子は図中に元素記号で表し、図中の2本の点線は、最も近接する二重結合どうしを示す。
更に、結晶(8)の単結晶X線構造解析結果を基に、図4には、結晶(8)中のシトラコン酸のアニオンどうしの配置のみをオルテップ図として示した。
更に、図4の結果より、結晶(8)の結晶構造においては、最も近接する二重結合は相互に平行に位置しており、下記の式(8A)で示す平行な二重結合間の距離L1は、4.12Åであった。
反応容器にヘプタン(28mL)及びピリジン(1.87mL,23.25mmol)を添加し、得られる溶液を20℃から25℃に保った。次に、該溶液に酢酸エチル(28mL)に溶解させたシトラコン酸(2.75g,21.14mmol)を10分かけて滴下し、20℃から25℃にて20分撹拌し、ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)のスラリーを調製した。撹拌を停止させた後、ろ過した固体を、ヘプタン(15mL)と酢酸エチル(15mL)との混合溶媒で洗浄し、続いて、ヘキサン(30mL)で洗浄し、真空乾燥した。これにより、ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)を白色固体(4.14g)として得た(収率94%)。
粉末X線回折:
<粉末X線回折の分析条件>は、実施例1-1に記載の条件と同様である。結晶(8)の粉末X線回折のピーク値を以下に示す。
2θ= 12.61, 15.08, 16.11, 17.64, 18.39, 19.26, 21.61, 23.05, 24.57, 26.51, 27.12, 28.15, 30.43, 32.53, 34.74, 35.94, 36.50, 38.44
次に目的化合物(13a)のジアステレオマーに相当する副生成物をGC分析で追跡するため、結晶(8)を用いる光環化反応とは異なる方法で、シトラコン酸無水物(11)を出発物質にした溶液中の光環化反応を工程(z)として行うことで、化合物(12a)及び該ジアステレオマーを合成した。後記するGCサンプル調製法Aを行い、化合物(12a)及び該ジアステレオマーに対して、加水分解反応、続いてメチルエステル化反応を行うことで、目的化合物(13a)及び該ジアステレオマーを経由して、化合物(14a)及び該ジアステレオマーへと誘導した後、GC分析及びGC-HRMS分析を行った。なお、シトラコン酸無水物の溶液中での光を照射する環化反応についての詳細は、参考例にて後記する。
<GC分析条件>
カラム:TC-5(0.53mm×30m、膜厚1.5μm)
キャリアガス:ヘリウム
流量:3.3mL/min(定流量)
スプリット比:1/10、試料注入量:3μL
カラム温度:80℃(2分保持),昇温速度:10℃/分,250℃(11分保持)
注入口温度:280℃
検出器温度:280℃
カラム:DB-5(0.25mm×30m、膜厚0.25μm)
キャリアガス:ヘリウム
流量:1mL/min(定流量)
スプリット比:1/50、試料注入量:0.2μL
カラム温度:80℃(3分保持),昇温速度:25℃/分,250℃(7.2分保持)
注入口温度:280℃
イオン化法:EI,CI+
<GCサンプル調製法A>
該調製法は(式A)に記載した調製工程I、続く調製工程IIである。光を照射する環化反応後、溶媒留去した反応混合物(20mg)をねじ口瓶に採取して、メタノール(3mL)及び0.05mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(2mL)を添加した後、該溶液を20℃から25℃にて20分間、撹拌した。この反応混合物(1mL)をスクリュー管に一部抜き取り、トルエン(0.2mL)を添加した後、ヘキサン溶液のトリメチルシリルジアゾメタン(0.2mL,約0.6mol/L,東京化成工業社製の市販品)を添加して、20℃から25℃にて20分間、撹拌した。この反応混合物の有機層(0.4mL)を一部抜き取り、メタノール(1mL)で希釈した溶液をGC分析サンプルとした。
GC分析: 保持時間=18.62分
GC-HRMS分析: m/z calcd for C16H25O8 [M+C2H5]+:345.1549, found 345.1577
化合物(12a)のジアステレオマーは、化合物(12b)、化合物(12c)又は化合物(12d)の一つであり、GCサンプル調製法Aにて化合物(14b)、化合物(14c)又は化合物(14d)の一つに誘導される。その分析結果を記載する。
GC分析: 保持時間=18.97分
GC-HRMS分析: m/z calcd for C16H25O8 [M+C2H5]+:345.1549, found 345.1561
GC-HRMSによる質量数の結果より、化合物(14a)と同一の分子量であるが、GCの保持時間が異なる該ジアステレオマーを確認できた。
該調製法は(式A)に記載した調製工程IIである。光を照射する環化反応を行った後、ろ過操作等で取り出した反応混合物(25mg)を採取して、メタノール(0.5mL)及びトルエン(0.5mL)を添加して溶液を調製した。次に、その溶液にヘキサン溶液のトリメチルシリルジアゾメタン(0.8mL,約0.6mol/L,東京化成工業社製の市販品)を添加して、20℃から25℃にて20分撹拌した。この反応混合物(0.12mL)を一部抜き取り、メタノール(1.5mL)で希釈した溶液をGC分析サンプルとした。
GC分析: 保持時間=18.62分
GC-HRMS分析: m/z calcd for C16H25O8 [M+C2H5]+:345.1549, found 345.1542
GC分析: 保持時間=9.68分
GC-HRMS分析: m/z calcd for C9H15O4 [M+C2H5]+:187.0970, found 187.0972
転化率は、GC分析結果を基にした、(Z)-2-メチル-2-ブテン二酸ジメチル、化合物(14a)及び該ジアステレオマーの相対面積比より算出した。
選択性は、GC分析結果を基にした、化合物(14a)及び該ジアステレオマーの相対面積比より算出した。
ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)(5.00g,23.90mmol)及び溶媒としてヘキサン(100mL)をマグネチックスターラーで撹拌できる光化学反応実験装置(セン特殊光源社製)に添加し、光源を内部の中央に設置した。反応温度を20℃から25℃にしてスラリーを撹拌し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプで20時間、光を照射する環化反応を行った。反応を停止させた後、ろ過して、白色固体の反応混合物(4.33g)を回収した。該反応混合物の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の収率は94%、転化率は95%、選択性は>99%であった。収率は、標準品にマレイン酸を用いた定量1H-NMRにて決定した。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて分析し、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。
ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)(25.00g,119.50mmol)、ヘプタン(200mL)及び酢酸n-ブチル(200mL)をマグネチックスターラーで撹拌できる光化学反応実験装置(セン特殊光源社製)に添加し、光源を内部の中央に設置した。反応温度を20℃から25℃にしてスラリーを撹拌し、400Wの高圧水銀ランプで12時間、光を照射する環化反応を行った。反応を停止させた後、ろ過して、白色固体の反応混合物(19.64g)を回収した。該反応混合物の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の収率は93%、転化率は95%、選択性は>99%であった。収率は該反応混合物の収量と1H-NMRにて算出した。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて分析し、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。
この得られた目的化合物の一部を採取し、70℃に加熱したアセトニトリルに飽和溶解させた溶液を調製した。次に、該溶液を20℃から25℃に冷却し、静置して再結晶化し、得られた単結晶の単結晶X線構造解析を行った。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):
δ12.46(br), 3.30(s,2H), 1.42(s,6H) ppm
13C-NMR (DMSO-d6):
δ175.9, 175.9, 171.5, 171.5, 51.7, 51.7, 44.2, 44.2, 20.7, 20.7 ppm
単結晶X線構造解析:
化合物(13a)の単結晶X線構造解析結果を基に、図5には、化合物(13a)の分子構造をオルテップ図で示した。
マグネチックスターラーで撹拌できる光化学反応実験装置(セン特殊光源社製)に、酢酸エチル(110mL)及びピリジン(7.49mL,93.01mmol)を添加し、5℃に冷却した。次に、酢酸エチル(110mL)に溶解させたシトラコン酸(11.00g,84.55mmol)を、該反応混合物に30分かけて滴下した。その後、該反応混合物を5℃にて20分撹拌して、ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)のスラリーを調製した。該反応容器に100Wの高圧水銀ランプを挿入し、5℃にて、撹拌しながら22時間、光を照射する環化反応を行った。その後、桐山漏斗にて固体をろ取し、酢酸エチル(30mL)にて洗浄し、真空乾燥して、白色固体の反応混合物(12.82g)を得た。該反応混合物の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の収率は93%、転化率は95%、選択性は>99%であった。収率は該反応混合物の収量と1H-NMRにて算出した。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて分析して、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。
ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)(200.0mg,0.956mmol)及び溶媒として酢酸エチル(4mL)を、ねじ口瓶(マルエム社製のスクリュー管)に添加してスラリーを調製した。その後、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌できるようにして、光源をねじ口瓶の外部に設置した。ねじ口瓶と光源との距離は4.5cmとした。100Wの高圧水銀ランプで20時間、光を照射する環化反応を、20℃から25℃にて行った。反応を停止させた後、ろ過して、白色固体の反応混合物(116.0mg)を得た。該反応混合物の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の収率は69%、転化率は97%、選択性は>99%であった。収率は該反応混合物の収量と1H-NMRにて算出した。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて分析して、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。
表6において、AcOn-Buは酢酸n-ブチルを表し、hexane/AcOn-Bu(v/v=1/1)は、ヘキサン(2mL)と酢酸n-ブチル(2mL)の混合溶媒を表し、heptane/AcOn-Bu(v/v=1/1)は、ヘプタン(2mL)と酢酸n-ブチル(2mL)の混合溶媒を表す。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
溶媒 転化率 選択性 収率
実施例 (%) (%) (%) 外観
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
3-2 toluene 83 >99 72 yellow solid
3-3 hexane 84 >99 82 white solid
3-4 heptane 88 >99 87 white solid
3-5 diethyl ether 98 >99 84 white solid
3-6 AcOn-Bu 95 >99 79 white solid
3-7 hexane/AcOn-Bu(v/v=1/1) 91 >99 83 white solid
3-8 heptane/AcOn-Bu(v/v=1/1) 91 >99 83 white solid
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
工程(a)として、ピリジン(60mL)、次いでシトラコン酸(15.55g,119.52mmol)の順番で、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌できる光化学反応実験装置(セン特殊光源社製)に添加し、20℃から25℃にて10分間撹拌した。攪拌終了後、溶媒としてヘプタン(175mL)及び酢酸n-ブチル(175mL)を添加し、30分間撹拌し、ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)のスラリーを調製した。次に、光源を該反応容器の内部の中央に設置し、工程(b)として、工程(a)で得られた結晶(8)のスラリーを、20℃から25℃にて、400Wの高圧水銀ランプで8時間光を照射しつつ攪拌した。光の照射を止めることにより反応を停止した後、得られたスラリーをろ過して、白色固体の反応混合物を得た。該反応混合物の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の転化率は97%、選択性は>99%であった。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて分析して、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。
光反応後に得られた粗物の化合物(13a)の精製を行うため、該反応混合物をテトラヒドロフラン(250mL)に溶解させ、ろ過した後、溶媒を留去した。次に、酢酸(40mL)及び酢酸n-ブチル(40mL)の混合溶媒を用いて懸濁洗浄を行い、再びろ過した。その後、真空ポンプを用いて真空乾燥して、精製した化合物(13a)を得た。
上記の精製後の化合物(13a)、トルエン(60mL)及び無水酢酸(31.8mL,336.4mmol)を反応容器に添加し、100℃にて3時間撹拌した。攪拌終了後、反応容器を20℃から25℃に冷却することにより、反応を停止した。得られた反応混合物をろ過した後、得られた固体をエーテル溶媒を用いて洗浄し、真空ポンプを用いて真空乾燥して、目的化合物(12a)(11.36g)を白色固体で得た。1H-NMRにより算出した、出発原料のシトラコン酸からの通算収率は85%であった。この得られた目的化合物の一部を採取して、単結晶X線構造解析を行った。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6):
δ3.88(s,2H), 1.38(s,6H) ppm
13C-NMR (DMSO-d6):
δ173.5, 173.5, 168.1, 168.1, 49.0, 49.0, 44.1, 44.1, 15.7, 15.7 ppm
単結晶X線構造解析:
化合物(12a)の単結晶X線構造解析結果を基に、図6には、化合物(12a)の分子構造をオルテップ図で示した。
メサコン酸(6M)(130.1mg,1.00mmol)、メタノール(2mL)及びニコチンアミド(9)(122.1mg,1.00mmol)を順次、ねじ口瓶(マルエム社製のスクリュー管)に添加し、該反応混合物を混合して溶解させた。次に、該反応混合物の入ったねじ口瓶の口をガーゼで覆って、稼働させたドラフトチャンバー内に64時間、20℃から25℃にて静置させ、メタノールを蒸発させることで、ニコチンアミドとメサコン酸から構成される結晶(10)を白色固体として得た。上記の式(10)は、ニコチンアミドとメサコン酸から構成されるところのニコチンアミド・メサコン酸の結晶を表す。
ニコチンアミドとメサコン酸から構成される結晶(10)(100.0mg,0.396mmol)をガラス製シャーレに広げて載せた。シャーレの蓋をして、25℃に設定したクールプレートの上に置き、シャーレと光源との距離を3cmに設定した後、100Wの高圧水銀ランプで20時間光を照射した。光の照射を止めることで反応を停止させた後、白色固体として反応混合物を回収した。該反応混合物の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の転化率は23%、選択性は>99%であった。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて分析して、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。原料にメサコン酸を用いており、GCサンプル調製では、未反応のメサコン酸は(E)-2-メチル-2-ブテン二酸ジメチルに誘導される。よって、(E)-2-メチル-2-ブテン二酸ジメチルのピークを原料由来のピークとして扱った。
撹拌装置としてマグネチックスターラーを用いる光化学反応実験装置(セン特殊光源社製)を使用した。該装置の反応容器に、炭酸ジメチル(110mL)、次いでピリジン(7.49mL,93.01mmol)の順番で添加し、10℃に冷却した。冷却終了後、該反応溶液に、炭酸ジメチル(110mL)に溶解させたシトラコン酸(11.00g,84.55mmol)を、30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、該反応混合物を10℃にて20分撹拌した。撹拌終了後、ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)のスラリーを得た。得られた結晶(8)は単離・精製を行わずに、そのまま次工程に使用した。該スラリーを10℃にて撹拌し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプで17時間、光を照射した。反応終了後、反応混合物中の固体を漏斗にてろ別した後、炭酸ジメチル(30mL)にて洗浄した。得られた固体を真空乾燥することにより、目的物14.23gを白色固体として得た。該白色固体の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の収率は88%、転化率は94%、選択性は>99%であった。収率は該反応混合物の収量と1H-NMR分析により算出した。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。
[工程(a)及び工程(b)の連続化]
撹拌装置としてマグネチックスターラーを用いる光化学反応実験装置(セン特殊光源社製)を使用した。該装置の反応容器に、酢酸エチル(110mL)及びピリジン(14.98mL,186.02mmol)を添加し、5℃に冷却した。冷却終了後、該反応溶液に酢酸エチル(110mL)に溶解させたシトラコン酸(22.00g,169.10mmol)を、30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、該反応混合物を5℃にて20分撹拌した。撹拌終了後、ピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶(8)のスラリーを得た。得られた結晶(8)は単離・精製を行わずに、そのまま次工程に使用した。該スラリーを5℃にて撹拌し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプで33時間光を照射した。光照射後の反応混合物中の水分量は、カールフィッシャー水分計(MKC-510、京都電子工業社製)にて測定した結果、1570ppmであった。反応終了後、反応混合物中の固体を漏斗にてろ別した後、酢酸エチル(40mL)にて洗浄した。得られた固体を真空乾燥することにより、目的物26.03gを白色固体として得た。該白色固体の分析により、目的化合物(13a)の収率は93%、転化率は94%、選択性は>99%であった。収率は該反応混合物の収量と1H-NMR分析により算出した。転化率及び選択性は、実施例2-1に記載の方法に準じて分析して、GC分析の各種ピークの相対面積比から算出した。
検出器:示差屈折率検出器
カラム:Develosil C30-UG5(内径4.6mm,長さ150mm,粒子径5μm)
溶離液:重量濃度0.2%トリフルオロ酢酸水溶液:アセトニトリル=95:5(体積比)
流速: 1.5mL/分、
カラム温度: 35℃
保持時間:3.06分〔目的生成物(13a)〕,3.39分〔シトラコン酸(6C)〕
濃度が0.34mol/Lのシトラコン酸(437.9mg,3.366mmol)の酢酸エチル溶液を調製した。また、濃度が0.34mol/Lのピリジン(266.3mg,3.366mmol)の酢酸エチル溶液を調製した。シトラコン酸の酢酸エチル溶液及びピリジンの酢酸エチル溶液を、各々シリンジポンプを用いて0.9mL/minで送液し、ミキサー1(図7中の21)にて混合した。その後、ミキサー2(図7中の32)にて窒素ガスと混合し、結晶(8)のスラリーと窒素ガスによるスラグ流(スラリーと窒素ガスとが交互に並んだ流れ)を形成させた。なお、ミキサー2は管の閉塞を回避するため、図8に示す二重管構造を有し、50℃にした恒温槽に設置した。
工程(b):
450Wの高圧水銀ランプによる光照射下、更に超音波の照射下で環化反応を行った。スラグ流が、光と超音波の照射部分を11分で通過するようにマスフローコントローラーで調整し、反応を行った。回収した流出液のHPLC分析により、目的化合物(13a)の転化率は34%であった。
前記の非特許文献2に準じて、シトラコン酸無水物(11)の溶液中での光を照射する環化反応を行った。
GC分析及びGC-HRMS分析用のサンプルの調製方法と分析結果について、以下に記載する。懸濁した反応混合物より、懸濁液(100μL)をサンプリングし、ジメチルスルホキシド(1.5mL)で希釈して分析サンプルとした。
GC分析: 保持時間=15.60分
GC-HRMS分析: m/z calcd for C10H9O6 [M+H]+:225.0399, found 225.0386
目的化合物(12a)のジアステレオマーの分析結果は、以下のとおりである。
GC分析: 保持時間=15.81分
GC-HRMS分析: m/z calcd for C10H9O6 [M+H]+:225.0399, found 225.0403
GC-HRMSによる質量数の結果より、化合物(12a)と同一の分子量であるが、GCの保持時間が異なる該ジアステレオマーを確認できた。しかしながら、化合物(12a)のジアステレオマーの立体構造の決定はできなかった。目的化合物(12a)のジアステレオマーは、化合物(12b)、化合物(12c)又は化合物(12d)のうちの一つであると推定した。
前記の特許文献2に記載の方法に準じて、シトラコン酸無水物(11)の溶液中での光を照射する環化反応を行った。
なお、2014年5月9日に出願された日本特許出願2014-098037号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
12:化合物(7)の酢酸エチル溶液が入っているシリンジポンプ
21:T字型ミキサー(ミキサー1) 31:恒温槽
32:二重管構造をもつT字型ミキサー(ミキサー2)
33:マスフローコントローラー 34:窒素ガスボンベ
41:超音波洗浄機 42:ランプジャケット 43:光源
44:目的生成物を回収する容器
Claims (13)
- 含窒素有機化合物(5)が、脂肪族アミン、芳香族アミン、アミンオキシド、アミド、イミド又は含窒素複素環式化合物である請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 含窒素有機化合物(5)が、含窒素複素環式化合物である請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 含窒素複素環式化合物が、ニコチンアミド又はピリジンである請求項3に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)において、波長が290nmから600nmである光を照射する請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)において、波長が300nmから580nmである光を照射する請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)において、光増感剤の存在下で光を照射する請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(4C)又は式(4M)において、R1はメチル基又はエチル基を表す請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(4C)で表される化合物を用いる請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 無水酢酸の存在下で脱水縮合反応を行う請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- Cu-Kα線による粉末X線回折において、回折角2θ=(12.58±0.2, 15.05±0.2, 16.08±0.2, 17.60±0.2, 19.20±0.2, 21.57±0.2, 23.02±0.2, 24.50±0.2, 26.45±0.2, 27.06±0.2, 28.10±0.2, 32.49±0.2, 35.90±0.2, 36.46±0.2及び38.43±0.2)にピークを有するピリジンとシトラコン酸から構成される結晶。
- Cu-Kα線による粉末X線回折において、回折角2θ=(12.58±0.2, 15.05±0.2, 16.08±0.2, 17.60±0.2, 18.34±0.2, 19.20±0.2, 21.57±0.2, 23.02±0.2, 24.50±0.2, 26.45±0.2, 27.06±0.2, 28.10±0.2, 30.39±0.2, 32.49±0.2, 34.71±0.2, 35.90±0.2, 36.46±0.2及び38.43±0.2)にピークを有する請求項12に記載の結晶。
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