WO2015159798A1 - 透明導電性フィルム - Google Patents
透明導電性フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015159798A1 WO2015159798A1 PCT/JP2015/061123 JP2015061123W WO2015159798A1 WO 2015159798 A1 WO2015159798 A1 WO 2015159798A1 JP 2015061123 W JP2015061123 W JP 2015061123W WO 2015159798 A1 WO2015159798 A1 WO 2015159798A1
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- transparent conductive
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- film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/02—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber
- B05D7/04—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber to surfaces of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/302—Conductive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/538—Roughness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/704—Crystalline
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent conductive film.
- a transparent electrode made of a transparent conductive layer such as indium-tin composite oxide (ITO) is used.
- the conductor with a transparent electrode used for touch panels basically uses glass or plastic film as a substrate, but smartphones and tablets that require portability use plastic film from the viewpoint of thinness and weight.
- a transparent conductive film is preferably used.
- the transparent conductive layer is fragile, it easily deteriorates due to the influence of external factors, and the specific resistance value tends to increase. Therefore, in order to keep the specific resistance value of the transparent conductive film low, not only lowering the specific resistance value of the transparent conductive layer numerically but also maintaining the specific resistance value of the transparent conductive film so that the value can be maintained as much as possible. There is a need to increase reliability.
- One of the external factors that cause the deterioration is physical contact such as collision and friction with the transparent conductive layer surface.
- the transparent conductive layer easily scratches the surface due to such physical contact, and the surface resistance value tends to increase.
- the transparent conductive film surface of the transparent conductive film may be damaged.
- the problem is that it adversely affects the properties.
- the present applicant has formed a transparent dielectric thin film such as a SiO 2 thin film on one surface of a transparent film base material, and indium tin complex oxide or the like on the thin film.
- a transparent dielectric thin film such as a SiO 2 thin film
- indium tin complex oxide or the like on the thin film.
- the configuration of the above document improves the durability against scratching and the like by providing cushioning properties by the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and sufficient scratch resistance is not obtained without the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. .
- the density of the dielectric thin film is not taken into consideration, sufficient scratch resistance at a specific resistance level of 3.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less cannot be realized.
- the rate of change from the reference value of the specific resistance value due to the deterioration of the transparent conductive layer tends to be relatively higher than in the region of high specific resistance value. Therefore, since the transparent conductive film having a low specific resistance is more likely to cause trouble due to deterioration in actual use, higher scratch resistance is required.
- the transparent conductive layer tends to be thinner and more fragile in order to increase the light transmittance. As described above, in the transparent conductive film, the scratch resistance is regarded as important, but it is more difficult to secure the scratch resistance.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive film having a transparent conductive layer having a low specific resistance and excellent scratch resistance.
- the present invention comprises a transparent film substrate, At least three undercoat layers; A transparent conductive film comprising a transparent conductive layer in this order, The at least three undercoat layers are a first undercoat layer formed by a wet coating method from the film substrate side, A second undercoat layer which is a metal oxide layer having oxygen vacancies; A third undercoat layer that is a SiO 2 film, The density of the third undercoat layer is 2.0 g / cm 3 or more and 2.8 g / cm 3 or less, The transparent conductive film has a specific resistance in a crystalline state of 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm to 3.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the film strength is increased by setting the density of the third undercoat layer within a predetermined range. Since the third undercoat layer having a high film strength is provided as a base layer on the back side (film substrate side) of the transparent conductive layer, this serves as a reinforcing layer and improves the scratch resistance of the transparent conductive film. be able to.
- the third undercoat layer is a SiO 2 film.
- the SiO 2 film is suitable as an undercoat layer because it generally has good transparency, denseness, and durability, and also has high adhesion to the transparent conductive layer.
- the SiO 2 film is a metal oxide having a stoichiometric composition and has a chemically stable lattice structure, if it is directly formed on the first undercoat layer, there is no physical relationship between the film substrate and the film substrate. Only the anchoring force acts, and the adhesion becomes low. In this state, it is difficult to obtain sufficient scratch resistance.
- the second undercoat layer which is a metal oxide layer having oxygen defects, is formed between the first undercoat layer and the third undercoat layer.
- the layer acts as an adhesive layer, and as a result, peeling of the third undercoat layer can be prevented.
- the reason why the second undercoat layer exerts an adhesive action is not clear, but by having oxygen deficiency, metal atoms that are not completely bonded exist in the metal oxide, and this metal atom is the first undercoat layer.
- By forming a covalent bond with the atoms on the outermost surface of the coat layer it is considered that the adhesion of the third undercoat layer to the underlayer can be enhanced.
- the scratch resistance of the transparent conductive film can be improved by the adhesion improving action by the second undercoat layer and the reinforcing action by the third undercoat layer.
- the transparent conductive film includes a first undercoat layer formed by a wet coating method as a base layer of the transparent conductive layer. Since the thickness of the film substrate is generally thicker than other elements, the influence of the film substrate on the surface roughness Ra of the upper layer is also increased. By forming the first undercoat layer by a wet coating method, it is possible to fill the surface irregularities of the film substrate, thereby reducing the surface roughness Ra of the transparent conductive layer to be formed in the upper layer. Can do. As a result, the specific resistance in the crystalline state of the transparent conductive layer can be reduced to an extremely low range of 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm to 3.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the transparent conductive layer according to the present invention is in a crystalline state, the transparent conductive layer only needs to satisfy the above specific resistance value range.
- the specific resistance value range is not limited at all. . Whether the transparent conductive layer in the amorphous state satisfies the above specific resistance value range in the crystalline state depends on the fact that the transparent conductive layer is actually converted into a crystalline state. What is necessary is just to measure and measure resistance value.
- the means for crystal conversion is not particularly limited, but a crystal conversion process described later may be employed.
- the thickness of the second undercoat layer is preferably 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the thickness of the second undercoat layer is preferably 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the second undercoat layer is preferably a SiO x film (x is 1.0 or more and less than 2) from the viewpoints of transparency, durability and adhesion.
- the transparent conductive layer and the third undercoat layer are in contact with each other. Thereby, the adhesiveness of the transparent conductive layer to the undercoat layer is improved, and good scratch resistance can be exhibited.
- the first undercoat layer may contain an organic resin.
- the organic resin By including the organic resin, the first undercoat layer can be easily smoothed and the specific resistance can be lowered. Moreover, it becomes easy to prepare a coating solution suitable for the wet coating method, and the adjustment of the optical characteristics is facilitated. Furthermore, it is easy to achieve both hardness and flexibility in the transparent conductive film.
- the first undercoat layer may further contain inorganic particles together with the organic resin.
- inorganic particles By including inorganic particles, the hardness of the film can be reinforced and the optical characteristics can be easily adjusted.
- the thickness of the third undercoat layer is preferably 8 nm or more and 100 nm or less. Thereby, sufficient scratch resistance can be exhibited. If it is less than the lower limit, the scratch resistance becomes insufficient. Moreover, when this upper limit is exceeded, bending resistance and productivity will fall.
- the refractive index of the transparent conductive layer is preferably 1.89 or more and 2.20 or less. By adopting a refractive index within this range, the film density of the transparent conductive layer is increased, and a transparent conductive film having a low specific resistance and scratch resistance is obtained.
- the resistance can be reduced to a low level by making the transparent conductive layer crystalline.
- the transparent conductive layer is preferably an indium-tin composite oxide layer. Since the transparent conductive layer is an indium-tin composite oxide (hereinafter also referred to as “ITO”) layer, the transparent conductive layer has lower resistance, higher transparency, easy crystallization, and good moisture and heat resistance. A layer can be formed.
- ITO indium-tin composite oxide
- the content of tin oxide in the indium-tin composite oxide layer is preferably 0.5% by weight to 15% by weight with respect to the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide.
- the carrier density can be increased and the specific resistance can be further reduced.
- Content of the said tin oxide can be suitably selected in the said range according to the specific resistance of a transparent conductive layer.
- the transparent conductive layer has a structure in which a plurality of indium-tin composite oxide layers are laminated, It is preferable that at least two of the plurality of indium-tin composite oxide layers have different amounts of tin.
- the transparent conductive layer has a first indium-tin composite oxide layer and a second indium-tin composite oxide layer in this order from the film substrate side,
- the content of tin oxide in the first indium-tin composite oxide layer is 6 wt% to 15 wt% with respect to the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide
- the second indium-tin composite oxide layer The content of tin oxide is preferably 0.5% by weight to 5.5% by weight with respect to the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a transparent conductive film according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, the transparent conductive film 10 includes a transparent film substrate 1, at least three undercoat layers, and the transparent conductive layer 3 in this order. At least three undercoat layers are, from the film substrate 1 side, a first undercoat layer 21 formed by a wet coating method, a second undercoat layer 22 that is a metal oxide layer having oxygen deficiency, And a third undercoat layer 23 which is a SiO 2 film.
- the film substrate 1 has a strength necessary for handling and has transparency in the visible light region.
- a film excellent in transparency, heat resistance, and surface smoothness is preferably used.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyolefins, polycycloolefins, polycarbonates, polyethers Examples thereof include single-component polymers such as sulfone, polyarylate, polyimide, polyamide, polystyrene, norbornene, and copolymerized polymers with other components.
- polyester resins are preferably used because they are excellent in transparency, heat resistance, and mechanical properties.
- polyester resin polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and the like are particularly suitable.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- the film base is preferably stretched from the viewpoint of strength, and more preferably biaxially stretched. It does not specifically limit as a extending
- the thickness of the film substrate is not particularly limited, it is preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 40 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the film is less than 20 ⁇ m, the appearance of the film may deteriorate due to the amount of heat applied during vacuum film formation. On the other hand, if the film thickness exceeds 200 ⁇ m, the scratch resistance of the transparent conductive layer 2 may not be improved. Furthermore, if the thickness of the film substrate is 40 ⁇ m or more, scratch resistance and roll-to-roll transportability can be improved.
- the surface of the base material is preliminarily subjected to etching treatment such as sputtering, corona discharge, bombardment, ultraviolet irradiation, electron beam irradiation, chemical conversion, oxidation, and undercoating treatment, and a first undercoat layer 21 formed on the base material. You may make it improve the adhesiveness of. Further, before forming the first undercoat layer 21, the surface of the base material may be removed and cleaned by solvent cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, or the like as necessary.
- the polymer film as the film substrate 1 is provided as a roll of a long film, and the transparent conductive layer 3 is continuously formed thereon by a roll-to-roll method. A transparent conductive film can be obtained.
- the first undercoat layer 21 is formed by a wet coating method.
- a wet coating method for example, an organic resin or other additive is diluted with a solvent, the mixed material solution is applied to a film substrate, and subjected to a curing process (for example, a thermosetting process or a UV curing process), thereby providing an organic undercoat.
- a coat layer can be suitably formed.
- the wet coating method can be selected as appropriate according to the material solution and desired undercoat layer characteristics, such as dip coating, air knife coating, curtain coating, roller coating, and wire bar coating.
- a gravure coating method, an extrusion coating method, or the like can be employed.
- the undercoat layer formed by the wet coating method usually contains residual components derived from solvents, resins, and the like. Therefore, by analyzing and detecting the residual component, it is possible to specify whether or not the film is formed by a wet coating method.
- the analysis method is not particularly limited, but for example, analysis can be performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA: Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), etc.
- the residue component can be detected by analyzing while etching with the element ions. In general, carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), or the like can be employed as the residual component to be analyzed.
- the dry coating method cannot usually be employed. Therefore, when the main component of the undercoat layer is an organic resin, it can be regarded as a film prepared by a wet coating method.
- a transparent conductive film having a large surface roughness and a stable low specific resistance may not be produced depending on the film substrate.
- the surface roughness of the film substrate can be filled even if the surface roughness is not sufficiently small, and the transparent conductive layer The surface roughness can be stably reduced.
- an organic resin having a refractive index of about 1.4 to 1.6 such as an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a melamine resin, an alkyd resin, a siloxane polymer, and an organic silane condensate is preferable. .
- the first undercoat layer 21 preferably further contains inorganic particles.
- the inorganic particles include fine particles such as silicon oxide (silica), hollow nano silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- fine particles of silicon oxide (silica), titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and zirconium oxide are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of reducing the surface roughness of the first undercoat layer, the average particle size of the particles is preferably 70 nm or less, and more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the refractive index can be easily adjusted, and stable improvement in scratch resistance can be expected.
- the light refractive index of the first undercoat layer 21 is preferably 1.55 to 1.80, more preferably 1.60 to 1.75, and still more preferably 1.63 to 1.73. By setting it as the said range, the reflectance improvement of the undercoat layer surface at the time of patterning the improvement of a transmittance
- the thickness of the first undercoat layer 21 may be set as appropriate as long as the effects of the present invention are not hindered.
- the inorganic particles are not included, it is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m, and 0.03 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m. Is more preferable.
- the thickness is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.07 to 1.5 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of reducing unevenness in the undercoat layer due to the contained particles. More preferably, the thickness is 0.3 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the first undercoat layer is too thin, sufficient scratch resistance may not be obtained. Moreover, when too thick, the bending resistance of a 1st undercoat layer will fall, and there exists a tendency for a crack to arise easily.
- the surface roughness Ra of the first undercoat layer 21 is preferably 0.1 nm to 1.5 nm, more preferably 0.1 nm to 1.0 nm, still more preferably 0.1 nm to 0.8 nm, and 0.1 to 0. 7 nm is particularly preferable.
- surface roughness Ra of the first undercoat layer 21 is less than 0.1 nm, there is a concern that the adhesion with the second undercoat layer is deteriorated.
- the surface roughness Ra exceeds 1.5 nm, the specific resistance is suppressed to a low level. Can not.
- surface roughness Ra in this specification means arithmetic mean roughness Ra measured by AFM (Atomic Force Microscope: atomic force microscope).
- the second undercoat layer 22 formed on the first undercoat layer 21 is a metal oxide layer having oxygen vacancies.
- having oxygen deficiency means non-stoichiometric composition.
- the metal oxide having oxygen deficiency include SiO x (x is 1.0 or more and less than 2), Al 2 O x (x is 1.5 or more and less than 3), and TiO x (x is 1.0 or more and less than 2).
- Ta 2 O x (x is 2.5 or more and less than 5), ZrO x (x is 1.0 or more and less than 2), ZnO x (x is more than 0 and less than 1), Nb 2 O x (x is 2) 0.5 or more and less than 5.0), and SiO x (x is 1.0 or more and less than 2) is particularly preferable.
- the oxidation state of the metal oxide is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). Can be done.
- the binding energy of the Si2p orbit may be calculated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At this time, if the calculated value is lower than the binding energy of SiO 2 having a stoichiometric composition, it can be determined that the composition has a non-stoichiometric composition. Usually, if the calculated value is less than 104 eV, it can be determined that SiO x has at least a non-stoichiometric composition.
- the second undercoat layer 22 is preferably formed by a dry process.
- the x value in the composition formula can be controlled by adjusting the amount of oxygen introduced into the chamber of the sputtering apparatus when, for example, a sputtering method is employed. Taking SiO x as an example, when pure metal Si is used as the metal target, the amount of oxygen introduced may be adjusted in the range of 0% to 20% with respect to 100% of the sputtering gas. When SiO x ) is used, it may be adjusted at a level lower than the above range. The sputtered metal atoms maintain high kinetic energy and collide with the surface of the first undercoat layer 21, and this is continuously repeated, whereby the metal atoms are laminated to form the second undercoat layer. At this time, oxygen in the chamber is taken into the film, so that a second undercoat layer having a certain amount of oxygen is formed.
- a layer with high smoothness such as the first undercoat layer has a small total amount of contact area with the upper layer, and a physical anchoring force cannot be sufficiently obtained between the two layers, thus ensuring adhesion. It is hard to do.
- the second undercoat layer as an upper layer of the first undercoat layer, the bonding between the metal atoms that are not completely bonded in the second undercoat layer and the atoms present on the outermost surface of the first undercoat layer 21 is performed. Therefore, it is considered that strong adhesion by chemical bonding can be obtained even when the second undercoat layer 22 is formed on the first undercoat layer 21 having a small surface roughness.
- the thickness of the second undercoat layer 22 is preferably 1 nm to 10 nm, and more preferably 1 nm to 8 nm. If it is thinner than 1 nm, a continuous film cannot be formed, and adhesion cannot be maintained. If it is thicker than 10 nm, the second undercoat layer 22 exhibits absorption, and the transmittance tends to decrease.
- the second undercoat layer 22 need not have a uniform composition in the thickness direction.
- the x value may be set to a low value only in the vicinity region including the interface with the first undercoat layer 21 and the x value may be increased in other regions. If the x value in the vicinity region is sufficiently low, high adhesion with the first undercoat layer can be ensured.
- the range of the neighborhood region may be 10 to 30% of the thickness of the second undercoat layer.
- the refractive index of the second undercoat layer is preferably 1.5 to 1.90, more preferably 1.50 to 1.85. If it is the said range, a transparent conductive film with a favorable optical characteristic will be obtained.
- the second undercoat layer 22 is preferably in contact with the first undercoat layer 21, but a separate layer may be interposed between them as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- An example of such a layer is a metal layer made of a metal that has not been oxidized. By interposing such a metal layer, there is a possibility that the adhesion between the second undercoat layer 22 and the first undercoat layer 21 can be further improved.
- the third undercoat layer 23 formed on the second undercoat layer 22 is a SiO 2 film that is a metal oxide film having a substantially stoichiometric composition.
- the SiO 2 film generally has good transparency, denseness, and durability, and also has high adhesion with the transparent conductive layer. Further, since the SiO 2 film has a relatively low refractive index as a metal oxide, it is easy to suppress reflection of light at the interface between the SiO 2 film and the transparent conductive layer.
- confirmation of the stoichiometric composition can be carried out by analyzing the oxidation state of the metal oxide by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy even if it is obtained through a state where it can theoretically be completely oxidized, it may not be determined as a stoichiometric composition depending on the measurement conditions.
- the third undercoat layer is determined to have a stoichiometric composition by measuring the refractive index of the metal oxide.
- the refractive index is 1.43 or more and 1.49 or less, it is judged as a stoichiometric composition, and if it is 1.50 or more and 1.90 or less, it is judged as having oxygen deficiency.
- Density of the third undercoat layer is preferably from 2.0g / cm 3 ⁇ 2.8g / cm 3, more preferably 2.05g / cm 3 ⁇ 2.5g / cm 3, 2.1g / cm 3 ⁇ 2 More preferably 4 g / cm 3 . If the film density is within the above range, sufficient scratch resistance can be exhibited. Note that the density of the third undercoat layer may be measured by removing the transparent conductive layer from the transparent conductive film. As a removal method, wet etching using a predetermined etchant and conditions is preferable. When the transparent conductive layer is an ITO film, wet etching using hydrochloric acid is preferable. Note that the wet etching conditions may be set as appropriate so that the ITO film is reliably removed.
- the ITO film can be reliably removed regardless of whether it is amorphous or crystalline.
- the temperature condition may be room temperature (for example, 20 ° C.).
- the thickness of the third undercoat layer is 8 nm or more and 100 nm or less, preferably 10 nm or more and 80 nm or less, more preferably 12 nm or more and 50 nm or less, and further preferably 17 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the third undercoat layer 23 is preferably formed by a sputtering method.
- a film formed by sputtering a particularly dense film can be stably obtained among dry process techniques.
- the sputtering method can be excellent in scratch resistance because the density of the film formed is higher than that of, for example, the vacuum deposition method.
- the reactive gas released from the film substrate 1 is suppressed by the second undercoat layer 22.
- it can be formed by reactive sputtering while introducing oxygen gas.
- the third undercoat layer of the present embodiment is a SiO 2 film
- when pure metal Si is used for the metal target it is sufficient to introduce an oxygen introduction amount of 21% or more with respect to 100% of the sputtering gas, preferably A range of 21 to 60% is preferable.
- suboxide (SiO x ) is used for the metal target, it may be adjusted at a level lower than the above range.
- the atmospheric pressure when forming the third undercoat layer 23 by sputtering is preferably 0.09 Pa to 0.5 Pa, and more preferably 0.09 Pa to 0.3 Pa. By setting the atmospheric pressure to the above range, a higher-density metal oxide film can be formed.
- the second undercoat layer and the third undercoat layer contain the same kind of metal element.
- the second undercoat layer and the third undercoat layer may be a continuous layer having no layer boundary.
- the interlayer adhesiveness of a 2nd undercoat layer and a 3rd undercoat layer can be improved more.
- the third undercoat layer is formed without opening the surface of the second undercoat layer to the atmosphere after forming the second undercoat layer. It can be formed by forming continuously.
- the density of a 3rd undercoat layer is a stoichiometric composition among the whole continuous layers. May be regarded as the density of the region. According to the X-ray reflectivity method, even in such a continuous layer, the density of the stoichiometric composition region can be accurately measured.
- a metal oxide layer having oxygen deficiency may be further provided as a fourth undercoat layer.
- a 4th undercoat layer the same thing as the said 2nd undercoat layer is employable.
- the constituent material of the transparent conductive layer 3 is not particularly limited, and is at least selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, Zn, Ga, Sb, Ti, Si, Zr, Mg, Al, Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and W.
- a metal oxide of one kind of metal is preferably used.
- the metal oxide may further contain a metal atom shown in the above group, if necessary.
- ITO indium-tin composite oxide
- ATO antimony-tin composite oxide
- the surface roughness Ra of the transparent conductive layer 3 is preferably from 0.1 nm to 1.6 nm.
- the upper limit of the surface roughness Ra is preferably 1.5 nm or less, more preferably 1.3 nm or less, and further preferably 1.2 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the surface roughness Ra is preferably 0.3 or more nm. If the surface roughness Ra is too small, the friction coefficient may increase and the scratch resistance may decrease, and the adhesion between the resist formed when patterning the transparent conductive film and the transparent conductive layer will deteriorate. There is a possibility of causing processing defects. Moreover, when the surface roughness Ra is too large, the specific resistance tends to deteriorate.
- the transparent conductive layer 3 is preferably crystalline. By making it crystalline, even if it is a thin film, it can be set as a transparent conductive layer with a low specific resistance.
- the transparent conductive layer 3 is a crystalline film
- the transparent conductive layer 3 is immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid (concentration 5% by weight) at 20 ° C. for 15 minutes, then washed with water and dried to reduce the resistance between terminals between about 15 mm. It can be judged by measuring. In this specification, it is assumed that the crystallization of the ITO film is completed when the inter-terminal resistance between 15 mm does not exceed 10 k ⁇ (that is, 10 k ⁇ or less) after immersion in hydrochloric acid, washing with water, and drying.
- the transparent conductive layer When the transparent conductive layer is amorphous, it may be converted to crystalline by a crystal conversion treatment.
- the means for crystal conversion treatment is not particularly limited, but heat treatment may be employed.
- the heating temperature and heating time of the heat treatment may be any conditions that can surely crystallize the transparent conductive layer. From the viewpoint of productivity, usually, 150 ° C. and 45 minutes or less are preferable, and 150 ° C. and 30 minutes or less are more preferable.
- the transparent conductive layer 3 in the crystalline state only needs to have a low specific resistance value of 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 3.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance value is preferably 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 3.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 3.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ It is more preferably 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and further preferably 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 3.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the transparent conductive layer 3 only needs to satisfy the above specific resistance value range in a crystalline state, and the specific resistance value range is not limited as long as it is in an amorphous state.
- the surface resistance can be further reduced by crystal conversion of the transparent conductive layer.
- the surface resistance value of the crystalline transparent conductive layer is preferably 40 ⁇ / ⁇ to 200 ⁇ / ⁇ , more preferably 40 ⁇ / ⁇ to 150 ⁇ / ⁇ , and further preferably 40 ⁇ / ⁇ to 140 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the refractive index of the transparent conductive layer 3 is preferably 1.89 to 2.2, and more preferably 1.90 to 2.2. By setting the optical refractive index within the above range, the hardness of the film can be improved.
- the refractive index in this specification means the refractive index of wavelength 550nm.
- the refractive index was determined by measurement using a high-speed spectroscopic ellipsometer (manufactured by JA Woollam, M-2000DI) under conditions of a measurement wavelength of 195 nm to 1680 nm, incident angles of 65 °, 70 °, and 75 °. Value.
- the content of tin oxide (SnO 2 ) in the metal oxide is that of tin oxide and indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ).
- the total amount is preferably 0.5% to 15% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight, more preferably 5 to 12% by weight, and 6 to 12% by weight. More preferably it is. If the amount of tin oxide is too small, the durability of the ITO film may be inferior. Moreover, when there is too much quantity of a tin oxide, an ITO film
- ITO in this specification may be a complex oxide containing at least indium (In) and tin (Sn), and may contain additional components other than these.
- additional component include metal elements other than In and Sn. Specifically, Zn, Ga, Sb, Ti, Si, Zr, Mg, Al, Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, W, Fe , Pb, Ni, Nb, Cr, Ga, and combinations thereof.
- the content of the additional component is not particularly limited, but may be 3% by weight or less.
- the transparent conductive layer 3 may have a structure in which a plurality of indium-tin composite oxide layers having different amounts of tin from each other are stacked.
- the ITO layer may be two layers or three or more layers.
- the tin oxide content in the indium-tin composite oxide layer is preferably 6 to 15% by weight, more preferably 6 to 12% by weight, based on the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide. More preferably, it is 6.5 to 10.5% by weight.
- the tin oxide content in the second indium-tin composite oxide layer is preferably 0.5% by weight to 5.5% by weight with respect to the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide. It is more preferably 5% by weight, and further preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
- the transparent conductive layer 3 is formed by laminating the first indium-tin composite oxide layer, the second indium-tin composite oxide layer, and the third indium-tin composite oxide layer in this order from the film substrate 1 side.
- the tin oxide content in the first indium-tin composite oxide layer is 0.5 wt% to 5.5 wt% with respect to the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide. It is preferably 1 to 4% by weight, more preferably 2 to 4% by weight.
- the tin oxide content in the second indium-tin composite oxide layer is preferably 6 to 15% by weight, and preferably 7 to 12% by weight with respect to the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide.
- the tin oxide content in the third indium-tin composite oxide layer is preferably 0.5 wt% to 5.5 wt% with respect to the total amount of tin oxide and indium oxide, and is 1 to 4 wt%. %, More preferably 2 to 4% by weight.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 3 is preferably 15 nm or more and 40 nm or less, more preferably 15 nm or more and 35 nm or less, and further preferably 15 nm or more and less than 30 nm. By setting it as the said range, it can apply suitably for a touchscreen use.
- the transparent conductive layer 3 is preferably formed directly on the third undercoat layer 23. According to the above configuration, the interlayer adhesion is enhanced, and the strength of the SiO 2 film is directly reflected, so that the scratch resistance of the transparent conductive layer can be improved.
- the scratch resistance of the transparent conductive layer in the transparent conductive film tends to improve as the density of the undercoat layer increases.
- the reason for this is not clear, but is presumed as follows.
- the transparent conductive layer may be deformed.
- deformation stress is generated in the transparent conductive layer, leading to generation of scratches and cracks in the transparent conductive layer. Therefore, in order to improve the scratch resistance, it is important to make it difficult for such a deformation to occur in the transparent conductive layer.
- the deformation of the transparent conductive layer can be suppressed by a reinforcing effect based on the strength of the undercoat layer. Therefore, since the strength of the undercoat layer generally correlates with the density, it is considered that the higher the undercoat layer, the higher the reinforcing effect can be obtained and the scratch resistance can be improved.
- the formation method of the transparent conductive layer 3 is not particularly limited, and an appropriate method can be adopted depending on the material for forming the transparent conductive layer 3 and the required film thickness. From the viewpoint of film thickness uniformity and film formation efficiency, vacuum film formation methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) are preferably employed. Of these, physical vapor deposition methods such as vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, ion plating, and electron beam vapor deposition are preferred, and sputtering is particularly preferred.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- the transparent conductive layer 3 is preferably formed while the film substrate is conveyed by, for example, a roll-to-roll method.
- the sputtering target a target having the ITO composition can be suitably used.
- the degree of vacuum in the sputtering apparatus (final vacuum degree) is preferably evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less. It is preferable to create an atmosphere from which impurities such as moisture and organic gas generated from the substrate are removed. This is because the presence of moisture or organic gas terminates dangling bonds generated during sputtering film formation and hinders the crystal growth of a conductive oxide such as ITO.
- an inert gas such as Ar and oxygen gas as a reactive gas are introduced as necessary, and the substrate is transported under a reduced pressure of 1 Pa or less. Do the membrane.
- the pressure during film formation is preferably 0.05 Pa to 1 Pa, and more preferably 0.1 Pa to 0.7 Pa. If the film formation pressure is too high, the film formation rate tends to decrease. Conversely, if the pressure is too low, the discharge tends to become unstable.
- the substrate temperature when the ITO film is formed by sputtering is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. to 190 ° C., and more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the surface of the film substrate 1 opposite to the surface on which the transparent conductive layer 3 is formed may be provided with a hard coat layer, an easy adhesion layer, an anti-blocking layer, or the like as necessary.
- Example 1 (Formation of first undercoat layer) A UV curable resin composition obtained by mixing acrylic resin and zirconium oxide particles (average particle size 20 nm) was diluted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) so that the solid content concentration was 5% by weight. The obtained diluted composition is applied and dried on one main surface of a polymer film substrate made of a PET film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m (product name “Diafoil”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics), and cured by irradiation with UV. An organic undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m (500 nm) was formed.
- MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
- a second undercoat layer and a third undercoat layer were sequentially formed on the organic undercoat layer by a sputtering method using an AC / MF power source.
- Ar Ar
- the obtained third undercoat layer was a SiO 2 film having a thickness of 23 nm.
- a first transparent conductive layer made of an indium-tin composite oxide layer having a thickness of 23 nm was formed by DC magnetron sputtering with a horizontal magnetic field of 30 mT.
- a second transparent conductive layer made of an indium-tin composite oxide layer having a thickness of 2 nm was formed by DC magnetron sputtering with a horizontal magnetic field of 30 mT.
- the produced transparent conductive film was heated in a warm air oven at 150 ° C. for 45 minutes to carry out crystal conversion treatment of the transparent conductive layer to produce a transparent conductive film containing a crystalline transparent conductive layer.
- Example 2 A transparent conductive layer and a transparent conductive layer were formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a single transparent conductive layer having a thickness of 25 nm was formed using a sintered body of 10% by weight tin oxide and 90% by weight indium oxide as a target. A transparent conductor was produced.
- Example 3 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the horizontal magnetic field at the time of forming the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer was 100 mT.
- Example 1 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the SiO x layer was not formed.
- Example 2 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the SiO x layer and the SiO 2 layer were not formed.
- Example 3 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the first undercoat layer was not formed.
- Example 4 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the third undercoat layer was not formed.
- Example 6 The second undercoat was not formed, and the silica sol was used as the third undercoat by silica coating ("Colcoat P" manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd. diluted with ethanol so that the solid content concentration was 2% by weight)
- silica coating (“Colcoat P" manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd. diluted with ethanol so that the solid content concentration was 2% by weight)
- a transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the film was dried by heating at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes and cured to form a SiO 2 layer having a thickness of 23 nm.
- the X-ray profile obtained using an X-ray diffractometer (manufactured by Panalical, X'Pert PRO MRD) was obtained by fitting analysis.
- the fitting is performed by dividing the fitting into a first layer closest to the transparent conductive layer, a third layer closest to the film substrate, and a second layer located between the first layer and the third layer.
- a model was adopted, and the density of the second layer was defined as the density of the SiO 2 layer.
- the film surface resistance (R20) was measured after rubbing the surface of the transparent conductive layer under the following conditions using a Haydon surface property measuring machine TYPE-HEIDON14 manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.
- the resistance change rate (R20 / R0) with respect to the film surface resistance value (R0) was determined to evaluate the scratch resistance.
- the case where the resistance change rate was 1.6 or less was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where the resistance change rate exceeded 1.6 was evaluated as “X”.
- Example 1 In the transparent conductive film of the example, both specific resistance and scratch resistance were good results.
- R20 / R0 was 1.6 or less even when the scratch resistance was evaluated for the transparent conductive film including the amorphous transparent conductive layer before the crystal conversion treatment. was good.
- either or both of specific resistance and scratch resistance were inferior.
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Abstract
Description
少なくとも3層のアンダーコート層と、
透明導電層と
をこの順で備える透明導電性フィルムであって、
前記少なくとも3層のアンダーコート層は、前記フィルム基材側から
湿式塗工法により形成されている第1アンダーコート層と、
酸素欠損を有する金属酸化物層である第2アンダーコート層と、
SiO2膜である第3アンダーコート層と
を含み、
前記第3アンダーコート層の密度が2.0g/cm3以上2.8g/cm3以下であり、
前記透明導電層の結晶質の状態における比抵抗が1.1×10-4Ω・cm以上3.8×10-4Ω・cm以下である透明導電性フィルムに関する。
前記複数のインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層のうち少なくとも2層では互いにスズの存在量が異なることが好ましい。透明導電層をこのような特定の層構造とすることにより、結晶化時間の短縮化や透明導電層のさらなる低抵抗化を促進することができる。
フィルム基材1は、取り扱い性に必要な強度を有し、かつ可視光領域において透明性を有する。フィルム基材としては、透明性、耐熱性、表面平滑性に優れたフィルムが好ましく用いられ、例えば、その材料として、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレートなどのポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、ポリシクロオレフィン、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルスルフォン、ポリアリレート、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリスチレン、ノルボルネンなどの単一成分の高分子または他の成分との共重合高分子等が挙げられる。中でも、ポリエステル系樹脂は、透明性、耐熱性、及び機械特性に優れることから好適に用いられる。ポリエステル系樹脂としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)やポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)等が特に好適である。また、フィルム基材は強度の観点から延伸処理が行われていることが好ましく、二軸延伸処理されていることがより好ましい。延伸処理としては特に限定されず、公知の延伸処理を採用することができる。本実施形態の構成によれば、例えば、ノルボルネンなどの比較的強度の低い基材を採用した場合であっても、高い耐擦傷性を有する透明導電性フィルムとすることが可能である。
第1アンダーコート層21は、湿式塗工法にて形成されている。湿式塗工法では、例えば有機樹脂やその他添加物を溶剤にて希釈し、混合した材料溶液をフィルム基材に塗布し、硬化処理(例えば、熱硬化処理やUV硬化処理)を施すことで有機アンダーコート層を好適に形成することができる。
第1アンダーコート層21上に形成される第2アンダーコート層22は、酸素欠損を有する金属酸化物層である。本明細書において、酸素欠損を有するとは非化学量論組成であることを意味する。酸素欠損を有する金属酸化物としては、SiOx(xは1.0以上2未満)、Al2Ox(xは1.5以上3未満)、TiOx(xは1.0以上2未満)、Ta2Ox(xは2.5以上5未満)、ZrOx(xは1.0以上2未満)、ZnOx(xは0を超えて1未満)、Nb2Ox(xは2.5以上5.0未満)等が挙げられ、中でもSiOx(xは1.0以上2未満)が好ましい。
このような層としては、例えば、酸化されていない金属からなる金属層が挙げられる。このような金属層が介在することで、第2アンダーコート層22と第1アンダーコート層21との密着性をさらに向上できる可能性がある。
第2アンダーコート層22上に形成される第3アンダーコート層23は、実質的に化学量論組成の金属酸化物膜である、SiO2膜である。SiO2膜は、概して透明性、緻密性及び耐久性が良好であり、しかも透明導電層との密着性も高い。また、SiO2膜は金属酸化物としては比較的低い屈折率を有するので、SiO2膜と透明導電層との界面での光の反射を抑えやすい。
透明導電層3の構成材料は特に限定されず、In、Sn、Zn、Ga、Sb、Ti、Si、Zr、Mg、Al、Au、Ag、Cu、Pd、Wからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属の金属酸化物が好適に用いられる。当該金属酸化物には、必要に応じて、さらに上記群に示された金属原子を含んでいてもよい。例えばインジウム-スズ複合酸化物(ITO)、アンチモン-スズ複合酸化物(ATO)などが好ましく用いられ、ITOが特に好ましく用いられる。
(第1アンダーコート層の形成)
アクリル樹脂と酸化ジルコニウム粒子(平均粒径20nm)とが混合されてなるUV硬化型樹脂組成物を、固形分濃度が5重量%となるようにメチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)で希釈した。得られた希釈組成物を、厚み100μmのPETフィルム(三菱樹脂製、商品名「ダイアホイル」)からなる高分子フィルム基材の一方主面に塗布乾燥し、UVを照射して硬化させ、膜厚0.5μm(500nm)の有機アンダーコート層を形成した。
上記有機アンダーコート層上に、AC/MF電源を用いたスパッタリング法により第2アンダーコート層及び第3アンダーコート層を順次形成した。第2アンダーコート層は、Arを導入した気圧0.3Paの真空雰囲気に、インピーダンス制御によりO2を導入しながら(Ar:O2=100:1)、Siターゲット(三井金属鉱業社製)をスパッタリングすることにより、第1アンダーコート層上に形成した。得られた第2アンダーコート層は、厚み2nmのSiOx(x=1.5)層であった。第3アンダーコート層は、Arを導入して0.2Paとした真空雰囲気に、インピーダンス制御によりO2を導入しながら(Ar:O2=100:40)、Siターゲット(三井金属鉱業社製)をスパッタリングすることにより、前記第2アンダーコート層上に形成した。得られた第3アンダーコート層は、厚み23nmのSiO2膜であった。
さらに、上記第3アンダーコート層上に、10重量%の酸化スズと90重量%の酸化インジウムとの焼結体をターゲットとして用いて、Ar:O2=99:1の気圧0.3Paの真空雰囲気下で、水平磁場を30mTとするDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、厚み23nmのインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層からなる第1透明導電層を形成した。続けて、前記第1透明導電膜上に、3重量%の酸化スズと97重量%の酸化インジウムとの焼結体をターゲットとして用いて、Ar:O2=99:1の気圧0.3Paの真空雰囲気下で、水平磁場を30mTとするDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、厚み2nmのインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層からなる第2透明導電層を形成した。このようにして、2層構成で非晶質の透明導電層を含む透明導電性フィルムを作製した。作製した透明導電性フィルムは、150℃の温風オーブンにて45分加熱し、透明導電層の結晶転化処理を行い、結晶質の透明導電層を含む透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
10重量%の酸化スズと90重量%の酸化インジウムとの焼結体をターゲットとして用いて厚み25nmの単層の透明導電層を形成したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして透明導電層及び透明導電体を作製した。
第1透明導電層及び第2透明導電層の形成の際の水平磁場をいずれも100mTとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
Arを導入して0.3Paとした真空雰囲気に、インピーダンス制御によりO2を導入しながら(Ar:O2=100:40)第3アンダーコート層を形成したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
SiOx層を形成しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
SiOx層及びSiO2層を形成しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
第1アンダーコート層を形成しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
第3アンダーコート層を形成しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
Arを導入して1.3Paとした真空雰囲気に、インピーダンス制御によりO2を導入しながら(Ar:O2=100:40)第3アンダーコート層を形成したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
第2アンダーコートを形成せず、第3アンダーコートとして、シリカコート法により、シリカゾル〔コルコート(株)製の「コルコートP」を固形分濃度が2重量%となるようにエタノールで希釈したもの〕を塗布し、150℃で2分加熱乾燥して、硬化させ、厚さが23nmのSiO2層を形成したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして透明導電性フィルムを作製した。
実施例及び比較例において作製した透明導電性フィルムに対する測定ないし評価方法は以下のとおりである。各評価結果を表1に示す。
有機アンダーコート層、SiOx膜、SiO2膜、ITO膜の厚みは、透過型電子顕微鏡(日立社製、HF-2000)により、断面観察を行って測定した。
透明導電層が非晶質の透明導電性フィルムを、20℃の塩酸(濃度:10重量%)に2分浸漬してエッチングし、SiO2層が最表層となるアンダーコート層積層フィルムを得た。その後、アンダーコート層積層フィルムを150℃、45分の条件で加熱処理し、シリコン基板に貼り付けてフラットな検体とした後、X線反射率法(通称XRR、X-ray Reflectometer)を測定原理として、第3アンダーコート層の密度を求めた。具体的には、X線回折装置(パナリティカル社製、X’Pert PRO MRD)を用いて取得したX線プロファイルを、フィッティング解析することで求めた。フィッティングは、透明導電層と最近接する第1層と、フィルム基材と最近接する第3層と、第1層と第3層との間に位置する第2層とに分けてフィッティングする、3層モデルを採用して行い、第2層の密度をSiO2層の密度とした。
得られた結晶質の透明導電層の表面抵抗(Ω/□)をJIS K7194(1994年)に準じて四端子法により測定した。上記(1)膜厚の測定にて求めた透明導電層の厚みと前記表面抵抗から比抵抗を算出した。
透明導電性フィルムを、150℃の熱風オーブンで加熱して結晶化処理を行い、20℃、濃度5重量%の塩酸に15分間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥し、15mm間の端子間抵抗をテスタにて測定した。塩酸への浸漬・水洗・乾燥後に、15mm間の端子間抵抗が10kΩを超えない場合、ITO膜の結晶化が完了したものとした。ITO膜の結晶化が完了したものを「○」、ITO膜の結晶化が完了しなかったものを「×」として評価した。
新東科学社製のヘイドン表面性測定機TYPE-HEIDON14を用いて、下記条件で、透明導電層表面を擦ったのちにフィルム表面抵抗(R20)を測定し、初期のフィルム表面抵抗値(R0)に対する抵抗変化率(R20/R0)を求めて、耐擦傷性を評価した。抵抗変化率が1.6以下であった場合を「○」、1.6を超えた場合を「×」として評価した。
擦傷子:アンティコンゴールド(コンテック社製)
荷重:650g/cm2
擦傷速度:30cm/分
擦傷回数:20回(往復10回)
21 第1アンダーコート層
22 第2アンダーコート層
23 第3アンダーコート層
3 透明導電層
10 透明導電性フィルム
Claims (13)
- 透明なフィルム基材と、
少なくとも3層のアンダーコート層と、
透明導電層と
をこの順で備える透明導電性フィルムであって、
前記少なくとも3層のアンダーコート層は、前記フィルム基材側から
湿式塗工法により形成されている第1アンダーコート層と、
酸素欠損を有する金属酸化物層である第2アンダーコート層と、
SiO2膜である第3アンダーコート層と
を含み、
前記第3アンダーコート層の密度が2.0g/cm3以上2.8g/cm3以下であり、
前記透明導電層の結晶質の状態における比抵抗が1.1×10-4Ω・cm以上3.8×10-4Ω・cm以下である透明導電性フィルム。 - 前記第2アンダーコート層の厚みが1nm以上10nm以下である請求項1に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記第2アンダーコート層はSiOx膜(xは1.0以上2未満)である請求項1又は2に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記透明導電層と前記第3アンダーコート層とが接している請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記第1アンダーコート層が有機樹脂を含む請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記第1アンダーコート層がさらに無機粒子を含む請求項5に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記第3アンダーコート層の厚みが8nm以上100nm以下である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記透明導電層の屈折率が1.89以上2.20以下である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記透明導電層は結晶質である請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記透明導電層は、インジウム-スズ複合酸化物層である請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記インジウム-スズ複合酸化物層における酸化スズの含有量が、酸化スズ及び酸化インジウムの合計量に対し0.5重量%~15重量%である請求項10に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記透明導電層は、複数のインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層が積層された構造を有し、
前記複数のインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層のうち少なくとも2層では互いにスズの存在量が異なる請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電フィルム。 - 前記透明導電層は、前記フィルム基材側から、第1のインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層及び第2のインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層をこの順で有し、
前記第1のインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層における酸化スズの含有量が、酸化スズ及び酸化インジウムの合計量に対し6重量%~15重量%であり、
前記第2のインジウム-スズ複合酸化物層における酸化スズの含有量が、酸化スズ及び酸化インジウムの合計量に対し0.5重量%~5.5重量%である請求項12に記載の透明導電フィルム。
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US10133428B2 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2018-11-20 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Flexible display device including a flexible substrate having a bending part and a conductive pattern at least partially disposed on the bending part |
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