WO2015159646A1 - 真空断熱材、及びそれを備えた保温体 - Google Patents
真空断熱材、及びそれを備えた保温体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015159646A1 WO2015159646A1 PCT/JP2015/058539 JP2015058539W WO2015159646A1 WO 2015159646 A1 WO2015159646 A1 WO 2015159646A1 JP 2015058539 W JP2015058539 W JP 2015058539W WO 2015159646 A1 WO2015159646 A1 WO 2015159646A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat insulating
- insulating material
- vacuum heat
- fiber
- fiber sheet
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/026—Mattresses, mats, blankets or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum heat insulating material that can be easily bent, and a heat insulator provided with the same.
- glass wool is used as a heat insulating material used for a hot water supply system, a heating system, and a cooling / heating device, but a vacuum heat insulating material has been proposed from the viewpoint of energy saving.
- the vacuum heat insulating material can reduce the thermal conductivity by one digit or more as compared with the glass wool heat insulating material, and has higher heat insulating performance than the glass wool heat insulating material.
- the object to which the vacuum heat insulating material such as a cooling / heating device is attached includes not only a surface on which the vacuum heat insulating material is attached, but also a curved surface. Therefore, there is a need to process and use the vacuum heat insulating material so as to have a curved surface, and various vacuum heat insulating materials that facilitate bending are proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Document 1 facilitates bending of a three-dimensional shape of a vacuum heat insulating material by forming grooves or irregularities in the vacuum heat insulating material.
- the outer packaging material into which the core material is inserted is clamped with a mold from above and below in a vacuum to form grooves or irregularities in the vacuum heat insulating material.
- Patent Document 2 facilitates bending by forming grooves in the vacuum heat insulating material.
- the technique described in Patent Document 2 forms a groove in a side surface perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat insulating material by compressing the vacuum heat insulating material.
- the core material made of a lump of fiber such as glass wool is vacuum-sealed in the jacket material, and in order to improve the heat insulation performance of the vacuum insulation material, the fiber orientation of the core material Are arranged so as to be orthogonal to or substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction of the vacuum heat insulating material.
- the core material (core material) is vacuum-sealed with an outer packaging material (covering material), and the core material and the outer packaging material are clamped with a mold to form protrusions. ing. Due to the process of forming the protrusions, the fibers of the core material (core material) sometimes face the thickness direction of the vacuum heat insulating material. When the fibers of the core material are oriented in the thickness direction of the vacuum heat insulating material, there is a problem that the heat conduction through the fibers of the core material increases and the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material decreases.
- the core material is vacuum-sealed with an outer packaging material, and the core material and the outer packaging material are compression-molded to form a groove. Due to the process of forming the grooves, the fibers of the core material (core material) are directed in the thickness direction of the vacuum heat insulating material, and there is a problem that the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material is deteriorated.
- the present invention was made in order to solve the above-described problems, and while being easy to form a curved surface or to facilitate bending, a vacuum heat insulating material that can suppress a decrease in heat insulating performance, And it aims at providing the heat insulating body provided with it.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the present invention includes a core material configured by a single layer or a plurality of laminated fiber sheets having heat insulating fibers extending in a plane direction, and a jacket material that houses the core material. It is a vacuum heat insulating material that can be formed and bent at least partially into a curved shape, and the fiber sheet is formed by extending a part of the heat insulating fiber in the thickness direction of the fiber sheet. And having a plurality of fiber holes formed on at least one surface.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the present invention is easy to bend because the concave fiber hole is formed. Moreover, since it has the thickness direction fiber which cross
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber sheet 11 of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view obtained by bending the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment includes a core material 3 made of a fiber sheet 11 having heat insulating fibers 5 made of glass as a laminate, and a resin or metal foil, for example. And a covering material 4 that seals the core material 3 with the covering sheet 4a.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 has a planar shape before bending (bending).
- the fiber sheet 11 has the heat insulation fiber 5 extended in the surface direction (sheet shape), and the thickness direction fiber 6 which regulates the motion of the heat insulation fiber 5 as shown in FIG.
- the thickness direction fibers 6 are formed so as to extend in the thickness direction of the fiber sheet 11 (up and down direction in FIG. 2) and are distributed on the surface of the fiber sheet 11.
- the heat insulating fibers 5 and the thickness direction fibers 6 intersect so as to be orthogonal to each other, but are not necessarily orthogonal. , May be deviated from orthogonal.
- the thickness direction fiber 6 is formed, for example, by inserting a needle used in the needle punch manufacturing method into the fiber sheet 11. And the concave fiber hole 7 dented in the thickness direction of the fiber sheet 11 is formed by forming the thickness direction fiber 6. That is, the thickness direction fibers 6 and the concave fiber holes 7 are obtained as a result of the heat insulating fibers 5 extending in the thickness direction of the fiber sheet 11 by inserting a needle into the fiber sheet 11.
- the concave fiber hole 7 is formed as a result of the heat insulation fiber 5 arrange
- the concave fiber hole 7 is formed on the inner peripheral side (inner side) when the fiber sheet 11 is bent, and is not formed on the outer peripheral side (outer side) opposite to the inner peripheral side. That is, the thickness direction fiber 6 is formed in a convex shape whose inner peripheral side is opened as a concave fiber hole 7.
- the concave fiber hole 7 is preferably formed so that its diameter is, for example, about 0.3 to 1.0 mm. Moreover, the concave fiber hole 7 may or may not penetrate both surfaces of the fiber sheet 11 in the process of formation. However, in the fiber sheet 11 after penetration molding, the concave fiber hole 7 is formed on the surface on the entry side of the needle, but the fiber curved in a convex shape is formed on the surface opposite to the entry side.
- the concave fiber hole 7 corresponds to the “fiber hole” of the present invention.
- the core material 3 is formed by laminating a plurality of fiber sheets 11 cut in advance to a desired size from the lower side (in FIG. 1) to the upper side.
- the core material 3 is enclosed (vacuum sealed) in the jacket material 4.
- the number and thickness of the fiber sheets 11 are set so that the vacuum heat insulating material 10 has a desired thickness, assuming, for example, a compressive strain due to a pressure difference between atmospheric pressure and vacuum.
- seat structure may be sufficient without laminating
- E glass is employed as the material for the heat insulating fibers 5 and the thickness direction fibers 6, for example.
- a filament having a diameter of about 6 to 20 ⁇ m is manufactured by using a continuous filament manufacturing method.
- chopped fibers are produced by cutting the filaments so that the average length is about 30 mm or more.
- the chopped fiber is dispersed in a flat shape while being opened. Thereby, the sheet-like member with which the axial direction of the heat insulation fiber 5 is substantially parallel to a plane can be manufactured.
- the fiber sheet 11 can be manufactured through these steps.
- the manufactured fiber sheet 11 is wound up, for example, on a roll.
- the fiber of the fiber sheet 11 does not necessarily need to be a chopped fiber, and may be a continuous fiber in which continuous filaments are once bundled into a plurality of fibers and then spread to form a plane, or these continuous fibers and chopped fibers. And may be blended.
- the fiber sheet 11 does not need to be wound up by a roll, for example, may be cut
- the jacket material 4 accommodates the core material 3 in which a plurality of fiber sheets 11 in which the thickness direction fibers 6 are formed are stacked in two jacket sheets 4a.
- the jacket material 4 is a laminate structure.
- the ON (stretched nylon) layer is 25 ⁇ m
- the PET (polyester) layer is 12 ⁇ m
- the AL (aluminum) foil layer is 7 ⁇ m
- the envelope material 4 made into a bag in advance with the two envelope sheets 4a is prepared, and the core material 3 is dried, and then inserted into the envelope material 4 together with the gas adsorbent. This is then placed in a vacuum chamber. Then, the vacuum chamber is depressurized to a preset pressure, for example, a vacuum pressure of about 0.1 to 3 Pa. In this state, the remaining opening of the jacket material 4 is sealed by heat sealing. Finally, the vacuum heat insulating material 10 is obtained by returning the inside of the vacuum chamber to the atmospheric pressure and taking it out of the vacuum chamber.
- the core material 3 is disposed in the vacuum chamber so as to be sandwiched between the two outer cover sheets 4a, and after the vacuum chamber is depressurized, the upper and lower outer cover sheets 4a are sealed by heat sealing. May be. Moreover, in order to remove the moisture contained in the fiber sheet 11, in addition to the process of heating the fiber sheet 11 before and after sheet cutting, a process of heating in a vacuum process may be provided to remove this moisture. Moreover, you may heat-process the jacket material 4 in advance.
- gas adsorbents for example, those made of calcium oxide (CaO), those made of zeolite, those made of molecular sieves, those made of iron powder, those made of lithium, Those using barium as a material may be used alone, or a plurality of them may be used in combination so as to share functions according to the target gas species to be adsorbed, the adsorption speed, and the like.
- CaO calcium oxide
- zeolite those made of zeolite, those made of molecular sieves, those made of iron powder, those made of lithium
- iron powder those made of lithium
- the thickness direction fibers 6 when considered in a first direction parallel to the surface of the fiber sheet and a second direction parallel to the surface and perpendicular to the first direction, the thickness direction fibers 6 are arranged so as to be aligned in the first direction. While forming, the thickness direction fiber 6 is formed so that it may line up also in a 2nd direction. And the space
- the fiber diameter ⁇ of the heat insulating fiber 5 (and the thickness direction fiber 6) is 6 ⁇ m
- the fiber basis weight of the fiber sheet is about 240 g / m 2
- the average thickness of the fiber sheet is about 3 mm.
- the needle punching process was performed only from one side of the fiber sheet. Then, regardless of which surface of the produced fiber sheet the concave fiber hole 7 is formed, 15 fiber sheets are randomly stacked, and three kinds of vacuum heat insulating materials are produced by the above-described method, and heat conduction is performed. Each rate was measured.
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material having a distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 of about 1.5 mm is 0.0034 W / (m ⁇ K)
- the distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 is approximately
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material of 3 mm is 0.0022 W / (m ⁇ K)
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material where the distance between the fibers 6 in the thickness direction is about 4 mm is 0.0017 W / (m ⁇ K).
- the interval between the thickness direction fibers 6 is widened, the number of glass fibers facing the fiber stacking direction is reduced, so that solid heat conduction (heat conduction by the fibers) is suppressed and heat insulation performance can be improved.
- the distance between the fibers 6 in the thickness direction is wider than 4 mm, the binding force between the fibers is insufficient, and it becomes difficult to form a sheet (fabrication of the fiber sheet).
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material with the distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 of about 1.5 mm is 0.0041 W / (m ⁇ K)
- the distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 is about
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material of 3 mm is 0.0029 W / (m ⁇ K)
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material in which the distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 is about 4 mm is 0.0023 W / (m ⁇ K). K)
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment Therefore, the above-described three types of vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to Embodiment 1 were produced and performance evaluation was performed.
- the fiber sheet 11 was laminated
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 is curved-surface shape with a curvature radius of about 190 mm like Comparative Example 2 so that all the concave fiber holes 7 of the laminated fiber sheets 11 are distributed on the inner peripheral side.
- the thermal conductivity was measured for each.
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 in which the distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 is about 1.5 mm is 0.0038 W / (m ⁇ K)
- the distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 is The heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 of about 3 mm is 0.0026 W / (m ⁇ K)
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 in which the distance between the fibers 6 in the thickness direction is about 4 mm is 0.0021 W / (M ⁇ K).
- the heat insulating performance could be greatly improved. This is related to the fact that the fiber sheet 11 bent so that the concave fiber holes 7 are distributed on the outer peripheral side is deformed along the thickness direction fibers 6 in the direction in which the concave fiber holes 7 are opened.
- the fiber sheet 11 in the fiber sheet laminated so that the concave fiber hole 7 is on the outer peripheral side, the fiber sheet 11 is bent to act so that the space of the concave fiber hole 7 is widened.
- the remaining gas molecules easily move in the stacking direction, that is, in the heat transfer direction.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the comparative example 2 in which the fiber sheets 11 are randomly laminated includes the fiber sheet 11 in which the concave fiber holes 7 are distributed on the outer peripheral side, so that it is assumed that the thermal conductivity is increased. Is done.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment in which the surface on which the concave fiber hole 7 is formed is on the inner peripheral side of the fiber sheet 11 has the concave fiber hole 7 due to the inner / outer peripheral difference generated during bending. It is thought that the performance improvement was achieved because it acted in the direction of blocking and gas heat conduction could be suppressed.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber sheet 11a of a vacuum heat insulating material according to Comparative Example 3.
- Comparative Example 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the concave fiber hole 7 is formed on one surface of the fiber sheet 11a, and the second concave fiber hole 7a is formed on the other surface.
- the fiber sheet 11a has a thickness direction fiber 6 that is recessed from one surface side to the other surface side, and a second thickness direction fiber 6a that is recessed from the other surface side to the one surface side, respectively. Is formed.
- the needle punch process was performed on both surfaces of the fiber sheet 11a.
- a fiber sheet 11a having a specification according to (2) of comparative example 1 was produced. Specifically, since the needle punching process was performed from both sides, the thickness direction fiber 6 spacing on one side was set to about 6 mm. The needle punching process was performed only on one side, and the thickness direction fiber 6 spacing was set to about 3 mm. The specifications were almost the same as the ones made.
- the thermal conductivity of the flat-plate-shaped vacuum heat insulating material 10 was 0.0022 W / (m ⁇ K), which was almost the same as the result of trial manufacture in the first embodiment.
- the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 is 0.0028 W / (m ⁇ K), and as described in Comparative Example 2, it is close to the result of randomly laminating fiber sheets, and vacuum A decrease in heat insulation performance related to the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material was observed.
- the concave fiber hole 7 is on the outer peripheral side, it is presumed that a space in which gas is easily moved when bent is formed, gas heat conduction is increased, and heat insulation performance is lowered.
- the thermal conductivity of the flat plate vacuum heat insulating material was a thermal conductivity meter manufactured by Eihiro Seiki Co., Ltd.
- the heat conductivity of the curved vacuum heat insulating material is the same as that of the thermal conductivity meter, and the vacuum heat insulating material is sandwiched by a curved heat flux sensor, with one of the heating section and the other.
- a device with a cooling part was manufactured and obtained from the relationship between the amount of heat transfer and the thickness by a steady method.
- the vacuum heat insulating material with a fiber sheet thickness of about 8 mm has a thermal conductivity of 0.0027 W / (m ⁇ K), and the vacuum heat insulating material with a fiber sheet thickness of about 11 mm has a heat conductivity.
- the rate was 0.0030 W / (m ⁇ K). This is considered to be because when the thickness of the fiber sheet is thick, the heat insulating fibers 5 constituting the fiber sheet are easily inclined in the stacking direction (thickness direction), and solid heat conduction from the heat insulating fibers 5 is increased.
- the relationship between the thickness t of the fiber sheet 11, the distance Px between the thickness direction fibers 6, and the thermal conductivity is arranged, and the thermal conductivity is 0.0025 W / (m ⁇ K) or less.
- the thermal conductivity is 0.0025 W / (m ⁇ K) or less.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment, not only can a low thermal conductivity be achieved in a flat plate shape, but also deterioration of the thermal conductivity can be suppressed even when the curved surface shape is formed. Can do. Therefore, for example, it is possible to suppress heat dissipation from the circumference of a curved hot water storage tank used in a hot water supply system, a heating system, and the like, and a highly efficient system can be realized.
- the concave fiber holes 7 of the fiber sheet 11 are distributed is formed so as to be on the inner peripheral side of the vacuum heat insulating material 10, so as to be on the inner peripheral side of the vacuum heat insulating material 10, the concave fiber holes 7 become smaller when the vacuum heat insulating material 10 is bent. It acts like this, and the fall of the heat insulation performance by gas heat conduction can be controlled.
- Embodiment 2 FIG.
- the second embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with that of the first embodiment is omitted, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as those of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view when the core material 3 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is configured by a single-layer fiber sheet 21.
- the core material 3 of the vacuum heat insulating material 20 according to Embodiment 2 is composed of a single-layer fiber sheet 21 in which the thickness direction fibers 6 are formed as shown in FIG.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 20 according to the second embodiment has the following effects in addition to the same effects as the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 20 which concerns on this Embodiment 2 since the fiber sheet 21 is produced by desired thickness and the core material 3 is comprised with the single-layer fiber sheet 21, the lamination process of the fiber sheet 21 is unnecessary. Become.
- the heat insulation fiber 5 may incline in the heat transfer direction (thickness direction) as the thickness of the fiber sheet 21 is large, the curved vacuum heat insulating material 20 can be manufactured at a lower cost.
- Embodiment 3 FIG.
- the third embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the first and second embodiments. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with those in the first and second embodiments is omitted, and the same or corresponding parts as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 6 is an inclined schematic diagram showing a curved vacuum heat insulating material 30 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 7 shows a fiber sheet 31 of the vacuum heat insulating material 30 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a surface schematic diagram.
- the direction in which the curved vacuum heat insulating material 30 is bent is the H direction
- the direction orthogonal to the H direction is the V direction. 4 is indicated by a broken line.
- FIG. 6 is an inclined schematic diagram showing a curved vacuum heat insulating material 30 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 7 shows a fiber sheet 31 of the vacuum heat insulating material 30 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a surface schematic diagram.
- the direction in which the curved vacuum heat insulating material 30 is bent is the H direction
- the direction orthogonal to the H direction is the V direction. 4 is indicated by a broken line.
- the concave fiber holes 7 shows a state in which the concave fiber holes 7 are distributed on the surface of the fiber sheet 31, and a plurality of the concave fiber holes 7 are formed at intervals P in one of two directions orthogonal to each other. In the other direction, a plurality are formed at intervals R, and R ⁇ P.
- the direction in which the concave fiber holes 7 are formed at the interval R is the feeding direction of the fiber sheet 31 using a conveyor and a roll winding device when performing the needle punching process, the sheet is formed. It was possible.
- the fiber sheet 31 thus formed into a sheet was laminated so that the surfaces on which the concave fiber holes 7 were formed were in the same direction to form the core material 3, and the vacuum heat insulating material 30 was produced.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 30 was bent with a radius of curvature of 190 mm so that the concave fiber holes 7 were on the inner peripheral side of the curved vacuum heat insulating material 30. Furthermore, (1) the vacuum heat insulating material 30 in which the direction in which the concave fiber holes 7 are formed at the interval R is the H direction, and the direction in which the concave fiber holes 7 are formed at the interval P is the V direction; (2) Two types of the vacuum heat insulating material 30 in which the direction in which the concave fiber holes 7 are formed at the interval R is the V direction and the direction in which the concave fiber holes 7 are formed at the interval P is the H direction. Samples were prepared and the thermal conductivity of each was measured. At this time, the number of the concave fiber holes 7 per unit area of the fiber sheet 31 is constant.
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 30 of (1) is 0.0018 W / (m ⁇ K)
- the heat conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material 30 of (2) is 0.0020 W / (m ⁇ K).
- the concave fiber holes 7 are arranged at different intervals in the bending direction (H direction) of the fiber sheet 31 and the direction (V direction) orthogonal to the bending direction, and the core material 3 is included in the interval of the concave fiber holes 7. It can be seen that the vacuum heat insulating material 30 should be formed in a curved shape so that the narrower one becomes the bending direction (H direction) of the fiber sheet 31.
- the concave fiber hole 7 is formed so that R ⁇ P, the direction in which the concave fiber hole 7 is formed at the interval P is aligned with the V direction, and the direction in which the concave fiber hole 7 is formed at the interval R By matching with the H direction, higher heat insulation performance can be obtained.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 30 according to the third embodiment has a thickness direction per unit area of the fiber sheet 31 as compared with the vacuum heat insulating material 10 in which the distance between the thickness direction fibers 6 according to the first embodiment is about 3 mm. This is probably because solid heat conduction was suppressed due to the decrease in the number of fibers 6.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 30 when the vacuum heat insulating material 30 is formed into a curved shape, the deep wrinkles formed on the inner peripheral side are suppressed by bending the fibers in the thickness direction 6 as a base point, and the fibers constituting the core material 3 This is probably because the proportion of the heat insulating fibers 5 of the sheet 31 inclined in the heat transfer direction (thickness direction or lamination direction) is reduced, and solid heat conduction is suppressed. Therefore, even if the vacuum heat insulating material 30 according to the third embodiment is formed in a curved surface shape, the thermal conductivity is unlikely to decrease and is a high performance one.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 30 to which the fiber sheet 31 satisfying R ⁇ P is formed into a curved surface shape having a curvature radius of 85 mm the vacuum heat insulating material 30 having a curved surface shape with very few wrinkles on the inner peripheral surface is obtained.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 30 having a curved surface shape with very few wrinkles on the inner peripheral surface is obtained.
- high heat insulating performance can be ensured.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 30 according to the third embodiment has the following effects in addition to the same effects as the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the concave fiber holes 7 are arranged on the surface of the fiber sheet 31 in the V direction orthogonal to the H direction that is the bending direction of the vacuum heat insulating material 30 (rather than the interval R). A plurality are formed at a wide interval P. By doing so, the number of the thickness direction fibers 6 per unit area of the fiber sheet 31 is reduced, and a decrease in heat insulation performance due to solid heat conduction can be suppressed.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 30 when the vacuum heat insulating material 30 is formed into a curved surface shape, the fiber forming the core material 3 is suppressed because deep wrinkles formed on the inner peripheral side are suppressed because the thickness direction fiber 6 is bent as a base point. The rate at which the heat insulating fibers 5 of the sheet 31 are inclined in the heat transfer direction is reduced, and a decrease in heat transfer efficiency can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the vacuum heat insulating material 30 is bent using the thickness direction fibers 6 as a base point, the vacuum heat insulating material 30 can be formed into a curved surface shape with a large curvature such as a curvature radius of 85 mm.
- Embodiment 4 FIG.
- a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the first to third embodiments. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with the first to third embodiments is omitted, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as the first to third embodiments.
- Embodiment 4 when producing a fiber sheet, when the filament bundle is opened and the fibers are spread in a planar laminated structure, the direction in which the heat insulating fibers 5 face is parallel to the surface of the fiber sheet.
- the ratio in which the fibers face is different between the direction and the second ratio direction parallel to the surface of the fiber sheet and orthogonal to the first ratio direction.
- the core material 3 is comprised by laminating
- a vacuum heat insulating material was produced by the same method as in the third embodiment, and the vacuum heat insulating material was formed into a curved shape so as to have a curvature radius of 190 mm.
- the direction in which the ratio of facing fibers is small is the direction in which the fiber is easily bent. Therefore, in the vacuum heat insulating material, the H direction shown in FIG. 6 is a direction in which the ratio of fibers is small, and the V direction is a direction in which the ratio of fibers is large.
- 0.0017 W / (m ⁇ K) was obtained.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the fourth embodiment has the following effects in addition to the same effects as the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the core material 3 is configured by laminating fiber sheets so that the first ratio direction and the second ratio direction are aligned between the fiber sheets, and the fibers
- the direction in which the ratio of facing is small was defined as H direction
- the direction in which the ratio of facing fiber was large was defined as V direction.
- Embodiment 5 FIG.
- the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the first to fourth embodiments. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with the first to fourth embodiments is omitted, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as those of the first to fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 8 is an inclined schematic view of a hemispherical vacuum heat insulating material 50 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a fiber sheet of the hemispherical vacuum heat insulating material 50 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a surface schematic diagram of the fiber sheet 51a of the vacuum heat insulating material 50a different from FIG.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 50 according to the fifth embodiment is formed and installed in a hemispherical shape (hemispherical shell shape) so as to cover the end plate portion of the heat retaining body 16 that stores the heat medium as shown in FIG. ing. That is, the core material 3 of the vacuum heat insulating materials 50 and 50a is formed in a hemispherical shape. Further, the heat retaining body 16 and the vacuum heat insulating material 50 constitute a heat retaining body.
- concave fiber holes 7 are formed radially from the center as shown in FIG. 9 or concave fiber holes 7 as shown in FIG. It is distributed concentrically from the center.
- the concave fiber holes 7 of the fiber sheets 51 and 51a are distributed radially or concentrically around the top of the hemisphere.
- the radius of the hemisphere at this time was about 190 mm.
- wet glass fiber sheets made by making short glass fibers, dry glass fiber sheets made by spinning glass with a spinner using a spinner, etc. have a smooth end plate shape. I could't.
- both samples could be formed in a hemispherical shape along the curved surface.
- the concave fiber hole 7 was formed in a hemispherical shape so as to be on the outer peripheral side, but compared with the case where the concave fiber hole 7 was on the inner peripheral side, the vacuum heat insulating materials 50, 50a The wrinkles on the inner circumference became deeper. This is considered to be because the space of the concave fiber hole 7 has an effect of absorbing the inner and outer peripheral differences of the vacuum heat insulating materials 50 and 50a during bending. Further, as shown in the first embodiment, it is possible to suppress the movement of the gas remaining inside the vacuum heat insulating materials 50 and 50a when the concave fiber hole 7 is formed on the inner peripheral side. The above is also considered preferable.
- the vacuum heat insulating materials 50 and 50a according to the fifth embodiment have the following effects in addition to the same effects as the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment. According to the vacuum heat insulating materials 50 and 50a according to the fifth embodiment, they are formed in a hemispherical shape, and the concave fiber holes 7 of the fiber sheets 51 and 51a are distributed radially or concentrically around the top of the hemisphere. Yes. Even if it is such a shape, the fall of the heat insulation performance of the vacuum heat insulating materials 50 and 50a can be suppressed.
- the vacuum heat insulating materials 50 and 50a can be attached to the end plate part which becomes the ceiling part of the to-be-heated body 16 where temperature tends to be high, and effective heat radiation suppression of the to-be-heated body 16 can be achieved.
- the to-be-heated body 16 comprises a part of hot water supply system, for example, the high efficiency of a hot water supply system can be achieved.
- the concave fiber holes 7 on the surfaces of the fiber sheets 51 and 51a have a radial shape or a concentric circular shape, but these are combined, that is, the concave fiber holes 7 on the surfaces of the fiber sheets 51 and 51a.
- Embodiment 6 FIG.
- the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the first to fifth embodiments. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with the first to fifth embodiments is omitted, and the same or corresponding parts as those of the first to fifth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the fiber sheet 61 of the vacuum heat insulating material 60 according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the sliding film 12 that reduces friction is inserted between the inner peripheral surface of the core material 3 and the outer cover sheet 4a.
- it is the same as that of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 11 is the same as that of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- the slip film 12 is provided between the inner peripheral surface (fiber sheet 11 on the inner peripheral side) of the core material 3 and the outer cover material 4, so that the bending film has a high porosity and a stretchable laminate.
- the made fiber sheet 11 and the outer covering material 4 having little stretchability are less likely to be restrained from each other.
- the sliding film 12 is composed of a single film having a small coefficient of friction such as a PET film or a laminate of a plurality of films, and the thickness of the sliding film 12 may be 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the friction (stress) generated between the fiber sheet 61 and the jacket material 4 during bending can be reduced by sliding the film single films.
- fibers of the fiber sheet 61 may rise at the wrinkles generated by bending the vacuum heat insulating material 60, but by arranging the sliding film 12 between the fiber sheet 61 and the jacket material 4. In addition, the rising of the fibers of the fiber sheet 61 can be suppressed.
- the heat insulating performance of the vacuum heat insulating material 60 according to the sixth embodiment manufactured in this manner was evaluated in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the vacuum heat insulating material without the sliding film 12 was inserted into the inner peripheral surface of the bending process while the core material 3 was bent in the entire radial direction. This was not seen in the vacuum heat insulating material 60 that has been used.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 60 according to the sixth embodiment has the following effects in addition to the same effects as the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 60 according to the sixth embodiment since the sliding film 12 having a small friction coefficient is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the core material 3 and the outer covering material 4, the vacuum heat insulating material 60 has a large curvature. In the case of bending, the friction between the core material 3 and the jacket material 4 is reduced and it becomes easy to slip, so that the formation of a large bent portion can be suppressed.
- the same effect can be acquired using the vacuum heat insulating material 60 also to a site
- Embodiment 7 FIG.
- the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the first to sixth embodiments. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with those in the first to sixth embodiments is omitted, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as in the first to sixth embodiments.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat retention tank 13 according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- a cylindrical vacuum heat insulating material 70a is wound around the outer periphery of the tank body portion 14a of the cylindrical heat retaining tank 13 that stores the heat medium.
- the tank upper end plate portion 14b is covered with a curved vacuum heat insulating material 70b
- the tank lower end plate portion 14c is covered with a curved non-vacuum heat insulating material 15.
- the heat insulating tank 13 and the vacuum heat insulating materials 70a and 70b (and the non-vacuum heat insulating material 15) constitute a heat insulating body.
- the vacuum heat insulating materials 70a and 70b have the same specifications as those shown in the third and fifth embodiments, and the manufacturing method was performed according to the procedure shown in the first embodiment.
- the non-vacuum heat insulating material 15 is an EPS (bead method expanded polystyrene) heat insulating material, and is formed according to the shape of the tank lower end plate portion 14 c in the lower part of the heat retaining tank 13.
- the inside of the heat insulation tank 13 is filled with water and is boiled up by a heating source (not shown).
- a heating source a method of directly heating from an electric heater provided inside the heat retaining tank 13, or an indirect heating by circulating water from another heat source, for example, an exhaust heat recovery system such as a fuel cell power generation system, etc. There is a technique.
- the heat retaining tank 13 having a body diameter of 600 mm and a capacity of 370 L, the inside of the heat retaining tank 13 was filled with warm water of 90 ° C. with an electric heater, and the heat radiation was evaluated in an environment where the outside air was set to 4 ° C.
- the heat radiation amount of the heat insulating tank 13 was measured before and after 8 hours.
- the tank upper end plate part 14b was changed to the non-vacuum heat insulating material 15 (others were not changed), and the heat release amount of the heat retaining tank 13 was measured before and after 8 hours, and the heat release amounts of both were compared.
- the heat insulating material of the tank upper end plate portion 14b was the vacuum heat insulating material 70b
- the total heat radiation amount was reduced by about 10% compared to the case where the heat insulating material was the non-vacuum heat insulating material 15. .
- the heat insulating tank 13 according to the seventh embodiment can apply the vacuum heat insulating material 70b to the tank upper end plate portion 14b, and the cylindrical heat insulating tank 13 having high heat insulation with the outside air by reducing the heat radiation amount. Can be realized.
- the arrangement of the heat insulating material is not limited to this, and it is desirable to separately arrange the heat insulating material at a necessary portion in order to prevent heat leakage from a gap serving as a joint between the heat insulating materials.
- the non-vacuum heat insulating material 15 is not limited to this, and may be a heat insulating material such as glass wool.
- the fibers of the fiber sheet do not necessarily have to be glass fibers, and high fiber such as polyester, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc. It may be a fiber of molecular material.
- the fiber of the fiber sheet is a polymer material such as these, for example, using a spunbond manufacturing method, resin pellets are melted and extruded from a nozzle, and then cooled using an ejector while spinning and spinning. Good. The spun fibers are accumulated on a belt conveyor to form a low weight sheet (thin sheet). Thereafter, a fiber sheet is formed by a needle punch manufacturing method to form a sheet roll.
- the fiber of the fiber sheet is a polymer material, it can be similarly produced.
- Embodiment 8 FIG.
- an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on differences from the first to seventh embodiments. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with the first to seventh embodiments is omitted, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as those of the first to seventh embodiments.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the radius of curvature and the amount of heat release during bending of the vacuum heat insulating material according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a prediction of the relationship between the amount of heat release with respect to the ratio between the interval Pi between the concave fiber holes 7 in the bending direction (H direction) of the vacuum heat insulating material and the curvature radius Ra when the vacuum heat insulating material is bent. is there.
- the interval between the concave fiber holes 7 in the V direction of the concave fiber holes 7 is constant. That is, at the time of bending the vacuum heat insulating material, the number of the concave fiber holes 7 per unit area of the fiber sheet 11 is not constant.
- the vacuum heat insulating material when the vacuum heat insulating material is bent and formed into a curved shape as shown in FIG. 6, in a region where Pi / Ra is approximately larger than 0.03, if the radius of curvature is small, the concave fiber hole 7 It can be seen that if the interval is not narrowed, the amount of heat release increases and the heat insulation performance tends to decrease. This is because when the vacuum heat insulating material is bent with a small radius of curvature, it is bent into a polygonal shape when the interval between the concave fiber holes 7 is wide as compared with the case of bending with a large radius of curvature. It is thought that the main factor is that heat transfer proceeds with a gap between the body and the body.
- the portion near the polygonal bent portion is inclined in the radial direction (the thickness direction of the vacuum heat insulating material) to which the vacuum heat insulating material is attached, so that the solid heat conduction via the fiber inside the vacuum heat insulating material.
- the main factor is considered to be large.
- Pi / Ra exceeds 0.2, these influences are more exerted and the heat radiation amount is increased.
- the amount of heat release is increased even in a region where Pi / Ra is small, and particularly in a region where Pi / Ra is smaller than 0.005, the amount of heat dissipation increases rapidly. This is because solid heat conduction from the thickness direction fibers 6 of the vacuum heat insulating material increases as the number of concave fiber holes 7 per unit area increases. Therefore, when Pi / Ra is set to 0.005 or more and 0.2 or less, a heat-radiating amount can be suppressed, and a bent vacuum heat insulating material having high heat insulating performance can be realized. In order to obtain higher heat insulation performance, it is preferable to take a margin and set Pi / Ra to be 0.007 or more and 0.15 or less.
- the fiber sheet 11 can be produced with a constraint that enables binding to the interval between the concave fiber holes 7 depending on the sheet thickness and fiber length. That is, the range of Pi / Ra shown here does not indicate a range in which the fiber sheet 11 can be manufactured.
- Embodiment 9 FIG.
- the ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described focusing on the differences from the first to eighth embodiments. Further, (part of) the description overlapping with the first to eighth embodiments is omitted, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts as those of the first to eighth embodiments.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view obtained by bending the vacuum heat insulating material 90 according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- the core material 3 is configured by laminating a plurality of fiber sheets 91, and the interval between the concave fiber holes 7 in the bending direction is such that the fiber sheet 91 located on the outer peripheral side is on the inner peripheral side. It is wider than the fiber sheet 11 located in the area.
- the radius of curvature differs between the fiber sheet 11 on the inner peripheral side and the fiber sheet 11 on the outer peripheral side during bending. . Therefore, in the ninth embodiment, the interval between the concave fiber holes 7 in the bending direction in the fiber sheet 91 on the outer peripheral side during bending is such that the concave fiber holes 7 in the bending direction in the fiber sheet 91 on the inner peripheral side in bending. It was made wider than the interval.
- the distance between the concave fiber holes 7 in the bending direction in the fiber sheet 91 on the outer peripheral side during bending is such that the bending in the fiber sheet 91 on the inner peripheral side during bending is performed. It was made wider than the interval between the concave fiber holes 7 in the direction. Therefore, when the vacuum heat insulating material 90 is bent, the angle formed by the adjacent concave fiber holes in the bending direction can be made closer to the same angle in all the fiber sheets 11 having different circumferential lengths in the laminated structure. Therefore, bending is easy. Moreover, since the number of the thickness direction fibers 6 of the fiber sheet 91 which becomes an inner peripheral side at the time of a bending process can be reduced, the heat insulation performance can be improved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10を示す断面模式図であり、図2は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10の繊維シート11の拡大断面模式図であり、図3は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10を曲げ加工した拡大断面模式図である。
本実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10は、図1に示すように材質がガラスである断熱繊維5を有する繊維シート11を積層体として構成された芯材3と、たとえば樹脂または金属箔などで構成された外被シート4aによって芯材3を密閉する外被材4と、を有している。また、真空断熱材10は、曲げ加工する(曲げる)前は平面形状を有している。
まず、2枚の外被シート4aで予め製袋化した外被材4を作製しておき、芯材3を乾燥させてから外被材4にガス吸着剤とともに挿入する。その後、これを真空チャンバ内に配置する。そして、真空チャンバ内を減圧にして、予め設定された圧力、たとえば0.1~3Pa程度の真空圧にする。そして、この状態で外被材4の残りの開口部をヒートシールにより密閉する。最後に、真空チャンバ内を大気圧に戻し、真空チャンバ内から取り出すことにより、真空断熱材10が得られる。
低い熱伝導率の実現及びシート化の困難性などの知見を得るために、ニードルパンチ製法で製造した繊維シート11を真空断熱材10の芯材3として適用した場合において、厚み方向繊維6の間隔をパラメータとした試験を行った。本比較例では、厚み方向繊維6の間隔が(1)約1.5mm、(2)約3mm、(3)約4mmとなる三種類の繊維シートを作製した。
その結果は、(1)厚み方向繊維6の間隔が約1.5mmの真空断熱材の熱伝導率が0.0034W/(m・K)であり、(2)厚み方向繊維6の間隔が約3mmの真空断熱材の熱伝導率が0.0022W/(m・K)であり、(3)厚み方向繊維6の間隔が約4mmの真空断熱材の熱伝導率が0.0017W/(m・K)であった。
次に、上述した3種類の真空断熱材を曲げ加工した(曲げた)評価を行った。曲率半径が約190mmの曲面形状になるように三点曲げロールで形成し、作製した曲面形状の真空断熱材の熱伝導率をそれぞれ測定した。
その結果は、(1)厚み方向繊維6の間隔が約1.5mmの真空断熱材の熱伝導率が0.0041W/(m・K)であり、(2)厚み方向繊維6の間隔が約3mmの真空断熱材の熱伝導率が0.0029W/(m・K)であり、(3)厚み方向繊維6の間隔が約4mmの真空断熱材の熱伝導率が0.0023W/(m・K)であり、真空断熱材を曲面形状に形成することによって熱伝導率の悪化が確認された。
そこで、本実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10を上述の3種類作製して、性能評価を行った。まず、ニードルパンチ処理によって凹型繊維孔7が形成された面が同じ向きとなるように繊維シート11を積層し、これを芯材3とする真空断熱材10を作製した。そして、図3に示すように、積層した繊維シート11の凹型繊維孔7が全て内周側に分布するように、比較例2と同様、真空断熱材10を、曲率半径が約190mmの曲面形状になるように形成し、それぞれ熱伝導率を測定した。
図4は、比較例3に係る真空断熱材の繊維シート11aの拡大断面模式図である。
次に、比較例3について図4を用いて説明する。
図4に示した比較例3は、繊維シート11aの一方の面に凹型繊維孔7が形成され、他方の面に第2凹型繊維孔7aが形成されている。それに対応して、繊維シート11aには、一方の面側から他方の面側に凹んだ厚み方向繊維6と、他方の面側から一方の面側に凹んだ第2厚み方向繊維6aが、それぞれ形成されている。すなわち、本比較例では、繊維シート11aの両面にニードルパンチ処理を行った。本比較例3では、比較例1の(2)に準じた仕様の繊維シート11aを作製した。具体的には、両面側からニードルパンチ処理を行ったので、片面側の厚み方向繊維6間隔を約6mmにしたもので、片側のみにニードルパンチ処理をして、厚み方向繊維6間隔を約3mmにしたものと概ね同じ仕様とした。
繊維シートの結束力は、平面方向の引張力に代表されると仮定すると、厚みが大きいと引張力は大きくなると推定される。そこで、厚み方向繊維6の間隔は(2)の条件と同じ3mmになるように設定し、目付量を変化させて、厚みが約8mm及び約11mmの繊維シートをそれぞれ作製し、これを積層して芯材3とした真空断熱材の熱伝導率を測定した。
本実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10によれば、凹型繊維孔7が形成されているため曲げ加工が容易である。また、断熱繊維5の積層面と交差する厚み方向繊維6によって断熱繊維5の動きが規制され、断熱繊維5の向きが積層面からずれて、厚さ方向を向いてしまうことが抑制され、断熱性能の低下を抑制することができる。さらには、繊維シート11の凹型繊維孔7が分布する面が、真空断熱材10の内周側になるように形成されているので、真空断熱材10の曲げ加工時に凹型繊維孔7が小さくなるように作用して、気体熱伝導による断熱性能の低下を抑制することができる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態2について、実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態2に係る真空断熱材20の芯材3は、図5に示すように厚み方向繊維6が形成された単層の繊維シート21で構成されている。
本実施の形態2に係る真空断熱材20は、実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10と同様の効果を奏することに加えて次の効果を有する。
本実施の形態2に係る真空断熱材20によれば、繊維シート21を所望の厚みで作製し、単層の繊維シート21で芯材3を構成するので、繊維シート21の積層工程が不要となる。また、繊維シート21の厚みが大きい分、断熱繊維5が伝熱方向(厚み方向)に傾斜する可能性があるものの、より低コストで曲面形状の真空断熱材20を製造することができる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態3について、実施の形態1および2との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1および2と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1および2と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態3に係る真空断熱材30は、実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10と同様の効果を奏することに加えて次の効果を有する。
本実施の形態3に係る真空断熱材30によれば、凹型繊維孔7を、繊維シート31の表面において、真空断熱材30の曲げ方向であるH方向と直交するV方向に(間隔Rよりも広い)間隔Pで複数形成する。そうすることで、繊維シート31の単位面積当たりの厚み方向繊維6の本数が少なくなり、固体熱伝導による断熱性能の低下を抑制することができる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態4について、実施の形態1~3との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1~3と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1~3と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態4に係る真空断熱材は、実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10と同様の効果を奏することに加えて次の効果を有する。
本実施の形態4に係る真空断熱材によれば、芯材3は、各繊維シート間において第1比率方向及び第2比率方向がそれぞれ揃うように繊維シートが積層されて構成されており、繊維の向く比率が少ない方向をH方向、繊維の向く比率が多い方向をV方向とした。
そうすることで、真空断熱材が曲面形状に形成された場合にも、断熱繊維5自体に負荷がかかりにくい曲げ加工となることから、断熱繊維5が伝熱方向に傾斜することが少なくなり、より固体熱伝導が抑制され、断熱性能の低下を抑制することができる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態5について、実施の形態1~4との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1~4と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1~4と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態5に係る真空断熱材50は、図8に示すように熱媒体を貯留する被保温体16の鏡板部を被覆するように、半球形状(半球殻形状)に形成されて設置されている。すなわち、真空断熱材50、50aの芯材3は、半球形状に形成されている。また、被保温体16と真空断熱材50とで保温体を構成している。
また、実施の形態1で示したように、凹型繊維孔7を内周側に成形した方が、真空断熱材50、50aの内部に残存する気体の移動を抑制することができることから、断熱性能上も好ましいと考えられる。
本実施の形態5に係る真空断熱材50、50aは、実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10と同様の効果を奏することに加えて次の効果を有する。
本実施の形態5に係る真空断熱材50、50aによれば、半球形状に形成され、繊維シート51、51aの凹型繊維孔7は、半球の頂部を中心として放射状、または同心円状に分布している。このような形状であっても、真空断熱材50、50aの断熱性能の低下を抑制することができる。これにより、真空断熱材50、50aを、温度が高くなりやすい被保温体16の天井部位になる鏡板部に取り付けることができ、被保温体16の効果的な放熱抑制を図ることができる。このため、被保温体16がたとえば給湯システムの一部を構成している場合には、給湯システムの高効率化が図れる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態6について、実施の形態1~5との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1~5と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1~5と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態6に係る真空断熱材60は、図11に示すように芯材3の内周面と外被シート4aとの間に、摩擦を減少させる滑りフィルム12が挿入されている。なお、その他の構成については実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10と同様である。
本実施の形態6に係る真空断熱材60は、実施の形態1に係る真空断熱材10と同様の効果を有することに加えて次の効果を有する。
本実施の形態6に係る真空断熱材60によれば、芯材3の内周面と外被材4との間に小摩擦係数の滑りフィルム12を設けたので、真空断熱材60を大曲率に曲げ加工する場合にも、芯材3と外被材4との間の摩擦が減少し、滑り易くなるため、大きな屈曲部分が形成されてしまうことを抑制することができる。なお、曲率半径の小さい部位にも真空断熱材60を用いて同様の効果を得ることができる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態7について、実施の形態1~6との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1~6と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1~6と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態7では、図12に示すように熱媒体を貯留する円筒形状の保温タンク13のタンク胴部分14aの外周には、ほぼ全周に渡って円筒形状の真空断熱材70aが巻き付けられている。また、タンク上部鏡板部14bは、曲面形状の真空断熱材70bで被覆されており、タンク下部鏡板部14cは、曲面形状の非真空断熱材15で被覆されている。そして、保温タンク13と真空断熱材70a、70b(及び非真空断熱材15)とで保温体を構成している。
また、非真空断熱材15は何もこれに限定されるものではなく、たとえばグラスウールなどの断熱材であってもよい。
本実施の形態7に係る真空断熱材70a、70bで覆われた保温タンク13(保温体)によれば、実施の形態1~6と同様の効果を得ることができる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態8について、実施の形態1~7との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1~7と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1~7と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態8に係る真空断熱材によれば、Pi/Raを、0.005以上0.2以下とすることで、放熱量を抑制し、曲げの曲率半径に応じた高い断熱性能を実現できる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態9について、実施の形態1~8との相違点を中心に説明する。また、実施の形態1~8と重複するものについては(一部の)説明を省略し、実施の形態1~8と同じ部分または相当する部分には同じ符号を付す。
本実施の形態9では、芯材3は、繊維シート91が複数積層されて構成されており、また、曲げ方向の凹型繊維孔7の間隔は、外周側に位置する繊維シート91が内周側に位置する繊維シート11より広くなっている。
本実施の形態9に係る真空断熱材90によれば、曲げ加工時に外周側となる繊維シート91における曲げ方向の凹型繊維孔7の間隔が、曲げ加工時に内周側となる繊維シート91における曲げ方向の凹型繊維孔7の間隔よりも、広くなるようにした。そのため、真空断熱材90を曲げ加工した時に、曲げ方向の隣り合う凹型繊維孔同士がつくる角度が、積層構造となっている周長差の異なる全ての繊維シート11で同じ角度に近づけることが可能となることから、曲げ加工が容易である。また、曲げ加工時に内周側となる繊維シート91の厚み方向繊維6の数を減らせることができるので、断熱性能の向上が図れる。
Claims (12)
- 面方向に延びている断熱繊維を有する繊維シートが単層で、または複数積層されて構成された芯材と、
前記芯材を収納する外被材と、を備え、
曲げることにより少なくとも一部を曲面形状に形成することが可能な真空断熱材であって、
前記繊維シートは、
前記断熱繊維の一部が前記繊維シートの厚み方向に延びて形成された複数の厚み方向繊維を備え、少なくとも一方の面に複数の繊維孔が形成されている
真空断熱材。 - 前記繊維シートの前記一方の面は、
前記真空断熱材が曲面形状に形成された際に内周側となる面である
請求項1に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記繊維シートの厚みをt、前記厚み方向繊維の間隔をPxとしたとき、
t/Px≦1の関係を満たす
請求項1または2に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記繊維孔は、
前記繊維シートの曲げ方向、及び前記繊維シートの曲げ方向と直交する方向に、それぞれ異なる間隔で形成されており、
前記繊維シートの曲げ方向の前記繊維孔の間隔の方が狭い
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記芯材は、曲げ方向と、該曲げ方向と直交する方向とで、繊維の向く比率が異なっており、
繊維の向く比率が少ない方向が曲げ方向である
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 半球形状に形成される前記真空断熱材であって、
前記繊維シートは、半球の頂部を中心として放射状、半球の頂部を中心として同心円状、または前記放射状と前記同心円状とを併せ持つ形状に、前記繊維孔が複数形成されている
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記芯材の、前記真空断熱材が曲面形状に形成された際に内周側となる面と、
前記外被材との間に、
前記芯材と前記外被材との間の摩擦を減少させる滑りフィルムを設けた
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記繊維孔は、
前記繊維シートの曲げ方向の間隔をPi、前記真空断熱材が曲面形状に形成された際の曲率半径をRaとしたとき、
少なくとも一部が0.005≦Pi/Ra≦0.2の関係を満たす
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記芯材は、前記繊維シートが複数積層されて構成されており、
前記真空断熱材が曲面形状に形成された際、
内周側に位置する前記繊維シートに形成された前記繊維シートの曲げ方向の前記繊維孔の間隔は、外周側に位置する前記繊維シートに形成された前記繊維シートの曲げ方向の前記繊維孔の間隔よりも狭い
請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記厚み方向繊維、及び前記繊維孔は、前記繊維シートにニードルパンチ製法で用いるニードルが挿入されて形成されたものである
請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 前記繊維孔は、前記繊維シートの一方の前記面にのみ形成されている
請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材。 - 熱媒体を貯留する円筒形状の保温タンクと、
前記保温タンクの外周を覆う請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材と、
を備えた保温体。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15780185.3A EP3133330B1 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-03-20 | Vacuum heat-insulating material and heat-retaining body with same |
JP2016513685A JP6359087B2 (ja) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-03-20 | 真空断熱材、及びそれを備えた保温体 |
CN201580019001.3A CN106164560B (zh) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-03-20 | 真空绝热材料和具备该真空绝热材料的保温体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014085585 | 2014-04-17 | ||
JP2014-085585 | 2014-04-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015159646A1 true WO2015159646A1 (ja) | 2015-10-22 |
Family
ID=54323860
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/058539 WO2015159646A1 (ja) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-03-20 | 真空断熱材、及びそれを備えた保温体 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3133330B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6359087B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106164560B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015159646A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6073005B1 (ja) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-02-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 真空断熱材および真空断熱材の製造方法 |
JP2020112181A (ja) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-07-27 | 日立グローバルライフソリューションズ株式会社 | 真空断熱材及びこの製造方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0796563A (ja) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-04-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 真空断熱材 |
JP2007239764A (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-20 | Kurabo Ind Ltd | 真空断熱材の使用方法および真空断熱材 |
JP2010242866A (ja) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-28 | Panasonic Corp | 繊維断熱体およびこれを用いた真空断熱材 |
JP2011196392A (ja) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 真空断熱材およびその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3377929D1 (en) * | 1983-06-14 | 1988-10-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Vacuum heat insulator |
JPH07280170A (ja) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-10-27 | Kubota Corp | 真空断熱体の充填材の充填構造 |
JP4703134B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-28 | 2011-06-15 | 旭ファイバーグラス株式会社 | 真空断熱材用芯材の製造方法 |
CN1657282A (zh) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-24 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 真空绝热材料及其制造方法、保温保冷设备、以及绝热板 |
WO2006059752A1 (ja) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Paramount Glass Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | グラスウール成形体及びその製造方法 |
JP4777661B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-12 | 2011-09-21 | 旭ファイバーグラス株式会社 | 真空断熱材 |
DE112006003120T5 (de) * | 2005-11-22 | 2008-10-02 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Vakuumisolationspaneel und Isolationsstruktur eines Kühlschranks unter Verwendung desselben |
JP4861715B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-06 | 2012-01-25 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 真空断熱材の製造方法 |
KR100746989B1 (ko) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-07 | 주식회사 케이씨씨 | 유기바인더를 함유하지 않는 유리섬유를 포함하는 진공단열재 |
-
2015
- 2015-03-20 EP EP15780185.3A patent/EP3133330B1/en active Active
- 2015-03-20 JP JP2016513685A patent/JP6359087B2/ja active Active
- 2015-03-20 WO PCT/JP2015/058539 patent/WO2015159646A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-03-20 CN CN201580019001.3A patent/CN106164560B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0796563A (ja) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-04-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 真空断熱材 |
JP2007239764A (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-20 | Kurabo Ind Ltd | 真空断熱材の使用方法および真空断熱材 |
JP2010242866A (ja) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-28 | Panasonic Corp | 繊維断熱体およびこれを用いた真空断熱材 |
JP2011196392A (ja) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 真空断熱材およびその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3133330A4 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6073005B1 (ja) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-02-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 真空断熱材および真空断熱材の製造方法 |
WO2017195329A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-11-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 真空断熱材およびその製造方法 |
CN109073136A (zh) * | 2016-05-12 | 2018-12-21 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 真空隔热材料及其制造方法 |
EP3457018A4 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2019-03-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | VACUUM HEAT-INSULATING MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
US20190170288A1 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2019-06-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Vacuum heat insulator and method of manufacturing the same |
CN109073136B (zh) * | 2016-05-12 | 2019-09-20 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 真空隔热材料及其制造方法 |
US10883647B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2021-01-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Vacuum heat insulator and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2020112181A (ja) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-07-27 | 日立グローバルライフソリューションズ株式会社 | 真空断熱材及びこの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3133330A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
CN106164560A (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
JPWO2015159646A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
CN106164560B (zh) | 2018-03-06 |
JP6359087B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
EP3133330B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
EP3133330A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101286342B1 (ko) | 진공단열재용 복합심재, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 진공단열재 | |
JP5618756B2 (ja) | 真空断熱材およびその製造方法 | |
US20120164365A1 (en) | Vacuum insulation panel and method for manufacturing the same | |
WO2013065162A1 (ja) | 真空断熱材およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた保温タンクおよびヒートポンプ式給湯機 | |
JP6025969B2 (ja) | 真空断熱材、及びそれを備えた保温タンク、保温体、並びにヒートポンプ式給湯機 | |
US9523459B2 (en) | Vacuum insulation panel with improved rupturing and preparation method thereof | |
JP2008223922A (ja) | 真空断熱材 | |
JP6359087B2 (ja) | 真空断熱材、及びそれを備えた保温体 | |
JP6073005B1 (ja) | 真空断熱材および真空断熱材の製造方法 | |
JP4974861B2 (ja) | 真空断熱材 | |
JP6022037B2 (ja) | 真空断熱材 | |
US10493725B2 (en) | Thermal insulator, vacuum insulation member, and method of manufacturing vacuum insulation member | |
WO2015115149A1 (ja) | 真空断熱材、真空断熱材を用いた断熱箱、及び真空断熱材の製造方法 | |
JP2009228886A (ja) | 真空断熱材及びこれを用いた断熱箱 | |
JP4907480B2 (ja) | 真空断熱材 | |
KR101774078B1 (ko) | 유기합성섬유를 포함하는 진공단열재용 심재 및 이를 포함하는 진공단열재 | |
WO2013145401A1 (ja) | 複合断熱材、保温タンク及びヒートポンプ式給湯機 | |
KR101441182B1 (ko) | 장섬유를 이용한 심재, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 진공단열재 | |
JP4617752B2 (ja) | 真空断熱材の製造方法 | |
CN117432884A (zh) | 真空绝热板芯材、真空绝热板及真空绝热板的制备方法 | |
JP2006090499A (ja) | 真空断熱材およびその製造方法 | |
JP2015055284A (ja) | 真空断熱材 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15780185 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016513685 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015780185 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2015780185 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |