WO2015154684A1 - 一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统 - Google Patents

一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015154684A1
WO2015154684A1 PCT/CN2015/076121 CN2015076121W WO2015154684A1 WO 2015154684 A1 WO2015154684 A1 WO 2015154684A1 CN 2015076121 W CN2015076121 W CN 2015076121W WO 2015154684 A1 WO2015154684 A1 WO 2015154684A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
string
heat
refrigeration
cavity
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PCT/CN2015/076121
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵天安
颜天宝
龙克文
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佛山市川东磁电股份有限公司
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Application filed by 佛山市川东磁电股份有限公司 filed Critical 佛山市川东磁电股份有限公司
Priority to JP2016561732A priority Critical patent/JP6336123B2/ja
Priority to US15/035,746 priority patent/US9945589B2/en
Publication of WO2015154684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015154684A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F25B2321/0022—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a rotating or otherwise moving magnet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic refrigeration device, and more particularly to a rotary string magnetic refrigeration system. Background technique
  • the magnetocaloric effect is a phenomenon in which magnetic materials cause heat release and heat absorption due to changes in internal magnetic entropy during magnetization and demagnetization. It is an inherent characteristic of materials. Magnetic refrigeration uses the magnetocaloric effect of materials to achieve refrigeration purposes. .
  • a conventional magnetic refrigeration device includes a fixed magnetic working medium and a movable magnet that repeatedly magnetizes and demagnetizes a magnetic working medium.
  • the core idea of the technology is: for a single magnetic working fluid, using a movable magnet Repeated magnetization and demagnetization are performed.
  • the magnetic medium exotherms during the magnetization process and absorbs heat during the demagnetization process.
  • the traditional magnetic refrigeration device discharges the heat generated by the magnetization of a single magnetic working material as much as possible through the heat dissipation structure, so that the magnetic working medium absorbs more external air as much as possible during the demagnetization and cooling process of the magnetic working medium.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a rotary type string magnetic refrigeration system, which aims to solve the technical problem of poor refrigeration performance of a conventional refrigeration apparatus.
  • a rotary string magnetic refrigeration system comprising: a movable magnet and at least one vertically arranged magnetic string, the magnetic string comprising an adiabatic cavity disposed in series in series, The adiabatic cavity is internally provided with a magnetic working medium; the movable magnet is repeatedly staggered to magnetize and demagnetize the magnetic working medium in the magnetic string, and the magnetic working medium which is in the demagnetized state of any one of the same magnetic strings The adjacent upper and lower magnetic materials are in a magnetized state;
  • a heat flow structure for unidirectional flow of thermal energy inside the auxiliary magnetic string, wherein the heat flow structure respectively communicates with both ends of the magnetic string; heat generated by magnetization of the magnetic working medium in the magnetic string is in heat transfer The unidirectional flow is assisted by the heat flow structure to form a cold end and a hot end at both ends of the magnetic string; the cold end is connected to the refrigerating chamber, and the refrigerating chamber is disposed inside the heat insulating box.
  • the rotary string magnetic refrigeration system further includes a magnet mounting bracket for fixedly mounting a movable magnet, wherein the magnet mounting bracket is axially rotated, and the two sides of the magnet mounting bracket are misaligned and fixed in a plurality of pairs of magnetic strings.
  • a magnetic cavity for magnetizing and demagnetizing the magnetic cavity body comprises two movable magnets fixedly disposed above and below, and a cavity for magnetizing and demagnetizing the magnetic working medium in the magnetic string is formed between the two movable magnets ;
  • a gap is disposed between each of the adiabatic cavities, the magnet mounting frame rotates, the movable magnet periodically passes through a gap between the adiabatic cavities, and the magnetic cavity body is staggered to magnetize the magnetic working medium in the magnetic string. And demagnetization, so that the ends of each magnetic string form a cold end and a hot end.
  • the rotary string magnetic refrigeration system wherein the heat flow structure comprises a pipe connecting the two ends of the magnetic string, the pipe is connected with the magnetic string, and the cooling heat transfer is provided inside the pipe and the refrigeration cavity.
  • the pipe is provided with a heat dissipation structure near the hot end.
  • the rotary string magnetic refrigeration system wherein the pipeline is provided near the cold end with an auxiliary circulation pump for accelerating the circulation of the refrigerant inside the pipeline.
  • a non-return structure for preventing backflow of the refrigerant is provided between the adiabatic cavities in the magnetic string.
  • the rotary string magnetic refrigeration system wherein the heat dissipation structure is connected to the refrigeration chamber through a vertically long vertical tube.
  • the rotary string magnetic refrigeration system wherein the magnetic medium is provided as a porous structure having an outer surface wrinkle.
  • the present invention jumps out of the practical idea of a conventional magnetic refrigeration structure (the traditional magnetic refrigeration machine design idea has been focused on how to allow the magnetic working medium to dissipate more heat in the heating (magnetization) process. How to let the working fluid absorb more heat in the refrigeration (demagnetization) section, instead of directly amplifying the cooling effect of a magnetic working fluid through the magnetocaloric effect through the auxiliary equipment, but solving the problem from a macroscopic perspective _ dozens of workers The strings are connected together, so that some of them are magnetized and heated, and the other part is demagnetized and cooled.
  • the two help each other, transforming the concept of magnetic refrigerator into the concept of "heat energy lifting machine” (heat energy handling), so that the magnetic string two The end produces a large temperature difference, forming a hot end and a cold end, and the cold end temperature is completely in line with the requirements of household refrigerator refrigeration.
  • the invention realizes magnetic refrigeration with high practical value by using a simple and creative structure and using a magnetism having a magnetocaloric effect, and solves the technical problem of the conventional magnetic refrigerator.
  • the magnetization-induced heat effect is a negative effect, which will offset the effect of demagnetization and refrigeration.
  • both magnetization and demagnetization and refrigeration are involved in the refrigeration cycle, which are beneficial effects of refrigeration.
  • the cooling efficiency has been greatly improved, and the cooling effect has been greatly enhanced.
  • the magnetic refrigeration structure of the invention has long service life, good refrigeration effect, high efficiency and no pollution, and is a magnetic refrigeration technical solution with practical value.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotary string magnetic refrigeration system according to the present invention.
  • the magnetic refrigeration structure proposed by the present invention does not consider how to strengthen the cooling effect of a single magnetic working medium, but solves the problem from a macroscopic point of view, and connects dozens of magnetic working materials in series to cause a part of them to be magnetized.
  • the other part is demagnetized and cooled, and the two assist each other.
  • the concept of the chiller is transformed into the concept of "heat hoist", so that the two ends of the magnetic string form a cold end and a hot end, and the cold end temperature can completely achieve the cooling effect. .
  • thermo energy elevator In order to make the technical solution of the present invention easier to understand, the concept of "thermal energy elevator” will be briefly explained first. For an object, if the heat energy is directly “taken away", the electronic vibration (energy level) around the atom in one part is weakened, and eventually the electronic vibration (energy level) of the whole object is weakened, which is the principle of conventional refrigeration. If the object does not directly “take away” its thermal energy, it simply distributes the heat energy of the object through a “heat energy lifting device” (heat transfer operation), such as heat transfer, and the heat at the bottom of the object is continuously raised.
  • heat energy lifting device heat transfer operation
  • the present invention discloses a rotary string magnetic refrigeration system, as shown in FIG. 1, comprising a magnetic string 200, the magnetic string 200 being composed of a plurality of insulating chambers 210 arranged in communication, each The heat insulating chamber 210 is disposed above and below, and each of the heat insulating chambers is provided with a magnetic working medium 220.
  • a heat dissipating structure 300 is disposed on the top of the magnetic string 200, and a refrigerating chamber 400 is disposed at the bottom.
  • the magnetic string 200 is respectively connected to the heat dissipating structure 300 and the refrigerating chamber 400 through the duct 500, and the heat dissipating structure 300 is vertically long by a vertical arrangement.
  • the tube 510 communicates with the refrigeration chamber 400 to form a circulation loop.
  • Inside the circulation loop (pipe, refrigeration chamber, magnetic string and vertical long tube) is filled with refrigerant, and the refrigerant circulates in the circulation loop, mainly for driving heat circulation.
  • the refrigeration chamber is placed in the heat insulation box 410.
  • a magnet mounting bracket 100 to which the movable magnet 110 is fixedly mounted is disposed on one side of the magnetic string 200, and the magnet mounting bracket 100 is axially rotated (the arrow in the figure is a rotating direction).
  • the two movable magnets 110 are a group, respectively arranged up and down, forming a plurality of magnetic cavity bodies 120 for magnetizing and demagnetizing the magnetic working medium 220 in the magnetic string 200.
  • the magnetic cavity bodies 120 are dislocated and disposed on both sides of the magnet mounting frame 100. (See Figure 1).
  • a gap is disposed between each of the adiabatic cavities 210, the magnet mounting frame 100 is rotated, the movable magnet 110 is periodically passed through a gap between the adiabatic cavities 210, and the magnetic cavity 120 is periodically staggered to magnetize and demagnetize the magnetic working medium in the magnetic string. , forming a cold end and a hot end at both ends of each magnetic string.
  • the working process of the magnetic refrigeration system of the present invention is as follows:
  • the magnet mounting frame 100 is axially rotated, and the magnetic cavity 120 is periodically staggered to magnetize and demagnetize the magnetic working material 220 inside the adiabatic cavity 210, as shown in FIG.
  • the magnetism is numbered from bottom to top, which are No. 1 magnetism, No. 2 magnetism, No. 3 magnetism, No. 4 magnetism, No. 5 magnetism, No. 6. No. Magnetic working fluid.
  • the magnetic cavity body 120 magnetizes the first, third, and fifth magnetic working materials, and the magnetic working medium is exothermic, and the temperature of the corresponding adiabatic cavity rises, and the second, fourth, and sixth magnetic working materials are In the demagnetization state, the magnetism absorbs heat, and the temperature of the corresponding adiabatic cavity decreases.
  • the temperature of the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No. 1 magnetic working substance is slightly higher than the temperature of the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No. 2 magnetic working substance (in turn Analogously, the temperature law between the adiabatic cavities corresponding to the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th magnetic working materials).
  • the heat in the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No. 3 magnetic working medium moves upward, and enters the heat insulating cavity corresponding to the No. 4 magnetic working medium
  • the heat in the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No. 5 magnetic working substance Move up and enter the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No. 6 magnetism.
  • the magnetic cavity magnetizes the magnetic materials No. 2, No. 4 and No. 6, and the temperature of the corresponding adiabatic cavity rises, and the magnetic materials of No. 1, 3, and 5 enter the demagnetization state, and the corresponding The temperature of the adiabatic chamber drops, the heat in the refrigerator enters the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No.
  • the heat of the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No. 2 magnetic working substance enters the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the No. 3 magnetic working substance.
  • the heat of the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the magnetic working medium No. 4 enters the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the magnetic working material No. 5, and the heat of the adiabatic cavity corresponding to the magnetic working material of the sixth magnetic medium enters the heat dissipation structure 300, and the heat passes through the heat dissipation structure.
  • the part of the effect is distributed to the outside world, and the remaining small part of the heat enters the refrigerating chamber through the vertical long tube 510, and then the above steps are performed to form a heat circulation (the flow of heat is expressed in the form of refrigerant gas-liquid state) Conversion and flow).
  • the heat transfer effect is achieved, and the cycle of the magnetic cavity is reversed.
  • the interlacing magnetizes and demagnetizes the magnetic medium, a dynamic equilibrium state is reached, and the temperature of the adiabatic cavity near the bottom of the magnetic string is low (the temperature of the adiabatic cavity and the refrigerating cavity corresponding to the No. 1 magnetic working substance is the lowest).
  • the temperature of the adiabatic cavity near the top of the magnetic string is higher, forming a cold end and a hot end.
  • the temperature of the cold end can reach -25 ° C
  • the temperature of the hot end can reach 80 ° C.
  • the temperature of the cold end can reach -5 ° C
  • the temperature of the hot end reaches 55 ° C.
  • the Curie temperature points of each magnetic working medium are different, and the law of increasing gradually from bottom to top is presented. This is because the magnetic working fluid needs to work near its Curie temperature point to achieve the best performance of the magnetic refrigeration system of the present invention.
  • the magnetic medium is provided as a porous structure with a surface wrinkle.
  • the heat dissipation structure is various, and a method of increasing the contact area with air (for example, a curved passage in Fig. 1) or a heat dissipation fan may be employed, and the present invention does not limit the specific structure of the heat dissipation structure.
  • the present invention lists two kinds, but the present invention does not carry out specific auxiliary structures and methods. limited.
  • the heat transfer in the magnetic string is more stable and rapid, and a non-return structure (not shown) is disposed at the joint of each adiabatic cavity, and the function of the non-return structure It is to prevent the refrigerant from flowing backward (the refrigerant is cooled from bottom to top, that is, the heat is transferred from the bottom to the top).
  • the check structure can adopt a one-way valve.
  • an auxiliary circulation pump 600 is disposed at the lower end of the vertical long tube to increase the circulation efficiency of the refrigerant (heat).
  • a plurality of magnetic strings may be disposed, and the structure of the magnet mounting frame may also be set according to actual production, as long as the structure and working mode of the magnet mounting frame satisfy the repeated interleaving of the moving magnet cycles to the magnetizer in the magnetic string.
  • the magnetization and demagnetization are sufficient, but a rotary magnet mount structure is preferred.
  • the magnetic working medium on the magnetic string may be provided as needed, and the specific arrangement direction of the magnetic strings is not limited, but it is preferably a vertical setting.
  • materials for making magnetic working materials such as ferrite materials, stannite alloys, and metal ruthenium.
  • the function of the vertical long tube is to help the system form a thermal energy circulation structure, and the refrigerant inside thereof forms and maintains downward pressure under the action of gravity.
  • the temperature at which the hot end is generated is high, and the heat energy at the hot end can be utilized by a conventional method.
  • the invention realizes magnetic refrigeration with high practical value by using a simple and creative structure and using a magnetism having a magnetocaloric effect, and solves the technical problem of the conventional magnetic refrigerator.
  • both magnetization and demagnetization and refrigeration are involved in the refrigeration cycle, which are beneficial effects of refrigeration, and achieve a significant increase in refrigeration efficiency, which greatly enhances the refrigeration effect.
  • the technology of the present invention compared with the conventional compressor refrigeration technology, the power consumption can be reduced under the same cooling capacity, and the environmental pollution problem caused by the conventional compressor refrigeration mode can be eliminated.
  • the magnetic refrigeration structure of the invention has long service life, good refrigeration effect, high efficiency and no pollution, and is a magnetic refrigeration technical solution with practical value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统，包括活动磁体和至少一个竖直设置的磁串，磁串包括依次串联导通设置的绝热腔体，绝热腔体内部设置有磁工质；活动磁体反复交错的对磁串中的磁工质进行磁化和退磁，对于同一磁串中的任意一个正处于退磁状态的磁工质，与其相邻的上下两个磁工质必然处于磁化状态；还包括辅助磁串内部热能单向流动的热流动结构，热流动结构分别连通磁串的两端；磁串中由于磁工质被磁化而产生的热量在热传递作用和热流动结构辅助下单向流动，使磁串两端形成冷端和热端；冷端连接制冷腔，制冷腔设置在隔热箱内部。该磁制冷结构使用寿命长，制冷效果好，效率高，无污染，是一种具备实用价值的磁制冷技术方案。

Description

说明书 名称：一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁制冷装置， 尤其涉及的是一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统。 背景技术
[0002] 磁热效应是磁性材料在磁化和退磁过程中由于内部磁熵变化而引起材料放热和 吸热的现象， 是材料的一种固有特性， 磁制冷就是利用材料的磁热效应来实现 制冷目的。
[0003] 传统的磁制冷装置包括固定设置的磁工质和反复对磁工质进行磁化和退磁的活 动磁体， 该技术的核心的思想是： 对于单个的磁工质， 利用活动用磁体对其进 行反复磁化和退磁， 根据磁热效应， 磁工质在磁化过程放热， 在退磁过程吸热 。 在磁化致热过程， 传统的磁制冷装置通过散热结构尽可能地将单个磁工质磁 化吋所产生的热量排出， 在磁工质退磁致冷过程， 使磁工质尽可能吸收更多的 外界热量， 营造出低温的空间， 实现制冷的效果。 具体参见申请号为 200710305 996.7的发明专利公幵的室温磁制冷系统和申请号为 201320101369.2的实用新型 专利公幵的磁制冷部件和磁制冷机， 这两个专利文献所公幵的磁制冷装置均根 据上述核心思想制作。
技术问题
由于单个磁工质在磁化和退磁两个过程中所产生的温度差很小 （一般为 1-3°C ， 同吋又由于在低温差条件下采用热传导方式速度慢， 效率较低 （导热物质 自身的热容量存在， 导致制冷效率降低） ， 因此系统无法及吋的完全排出磁工 质磁化吋所产生的微小热量， 而这些热量对制冷效应产生了负面影响， 最终导 致传统的这种磁制冷装置的制冷效果极差， 完全不能达到传统的家用冰箱的实 用要求。
[0005] 因此， 现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
问题的解决方案 技术解决方案
[0006] 本发明的目的在于提供一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 旨在解决传统的制冷装置 制冷效果差的技术问题。
[0007] 本发明的技术方案如下： 一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其中， 包括活动磁体和 至少一个竖直设置的磁串， 所述磁串包括依次串联导通设置的绝热腔体， 所述 绝热腔体内部设置有磁工质； 所述活动磁体反复交错的对磁串中的磁工质进行 磁化和退磁， 对于同一磁串中的任意一个正处于退磁状态的磁工质， 与其相邻 的上下两个磁工质必然处于磁化状态；
[0008] 还包括辅助磁串内部热能单向流动的热流动结构， 所述热流动结构分别连通磁 串的两端； 所述磁串中由于磁工质被磁化而产生的热量在热传递作用和热流动 结构辅助下单向流动， 使磁串两端形成冷端和热端； 所述冷端连接制冷腔， 所 述制冷腔设置在隔热箱内部。
[0009] 所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其中， 还包括固定安装活动磁体的磁体安装架 ， 所述磁体安装架轴向转动设置， 磁体安装架两侧错位固定多个对磁串中的磁 工质进行磁化和退磁的磁腔体； 所述磁腔体包括上下固定设置的两块活动磁体 ， 两块活动磁体之间形成对磁串中的磁工质进行磁化和退磁的腔体；
[0010] 所述各绝热腔体之间设置有空隙， 所述磁体安装架转动， 活动磁体周期经过绝 热腔体之间的空隙， 磁腔体周期的交错对磁串中的磁工质进行磁化和退磁， 使 各磁串两端形成冷端和热端。
[0011] 所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其中， 所述热流动结构包括连通磁串两端的管 道， 所述管道与磁串连通， 管道与制冷腔内部均设置有传递热能的制冷剂； 所 述管道靠近热端处设置有散热结构。
[0012] 所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其中， 所述管道靠近冷端处设置有加快管道内 部制冷剂循环运动的辅佐循环泵。
[0013] 所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其中， 所述磁串中的各绝热腔体之间设置有防 止制冷剂倒流的止回结构。
[0014] 所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其中， 所述散热结构通过一根竖直设置的竖直 长管连接制冷腔。 [0015] 所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其中， 所述磁工质设置成外表面皱褶的多孔状 结构。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0016] 本发明的有益效果： 本发明跳出了传统的磁制冷结构的实际思路 （传统的磁制 冷机的设计思路一直专注于如何让磁工质在致热 （磁化） 环节散发掉更多热量 ， 如何在制冷 （退磁） 环节让工质吸收更多热量） ， 没有直接通过辅佐设备放 大一个磁工质通过磁热效应所产生的制冷效果， 而是从宏观角度去解决问题 _ 将数十个工质串接在一起， 让其中一部分被磁化致热， 另外一部分被撤磁制冷 ， 两者相互协助， 将磁制冷机的概念转变成"热能提升机" （热能搬运） 的概念， 使磁串两端产生较大的温差， 形成热端和冷端， 其冷端温度完全符合家用冰箱 制冷的要求。
[0017] 本发明通过创造性的简单结构， 运用具备磁热效应的磁工质， 实现了具有高实 用价值的磁制冷， 解决了传统磁制冷机的技术难题。 在传统磁制冷技术中， 磁 化致热效应是负面效应， 会抵消退磁致冷的效果， 在本方案中， 磁化致热和退 磁致冷都参与到制冷循环中来， 都为制冷的有益效应， 实现了制冷效率的大幅 度提升， 同吋极大的强化了制冷效果。 运用本发明的技术， 相对于传统的压缩 机制冷技术， 在同等制冷量的情况下可以减少电能的消耗， 同吋消除传统压缩 机制冷方式导致的环境污染问题。 本发明的磁制冷结构使用寿命长， 制冷效果 好， 效率高， 无污染， 是一种具备实用价值的磁制冷技术方案。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0018] 图 1是本发明中旋转式串极磁制冷系统的结构简图。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0019] 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚、 明确， 以下参照附图并举实施 例对本发明进一步详细说明。 [0020] 人们对磁制冷技术的研究已经超过半个世纪， 但一直没有成功进入实用阶段， 其技术难点在于几点： 1、 退磁致冷的制冷效果的表现微弱， 需要进行积累才可 产生明显效果； 2、 退磁致冷效应与磁化致热效应是伴生关系， 有退磁致冷必然 会有磁化致热， 两种效应交替产生， 相互抵消。 传统的磁制冷的设计思路一直 专注于如何让磁工质在磁化致热环节散发掉更多热量， 如何在退磁致冷环节让 磁工质吸收更多热量。 基于这个设计思路， 传统的磁制冷机结构复杂， 耗能， 制冷效果极差， 无法满足一般的冰箱制冷要求。
[0021] 本发明提出的磁制冷结构并没有考虑如何强化单个磁工质的制冷效果， 而是从 宏观角度去解决问题， 将数十个磁工质串接在一起， 让其中一部分被磁化致热 ， 另外一部分被退磁制冷， 两者相互协助， 将制冷机的概念转变成"热能提升机" 的概念， 使磁串的两端形成冷端和热端， 冷端温度完全可以达到制冷的效果。
[0022] 为了使本发明的技术方案更加容易被理解， 首先对"热能提升机"的概念进行简 单阐述。 对于一个物体， 如果直接"拿走"其热能， 使其某一部位的原子周围电子 振动 （能级） 减弱， 最终导致该物体整体的电子振动 （能级） 减弱， 这是传统 制冷的原理。 假如对该物体， 不直接 "拿走 "其热能， 只是通过一种 "热能提升装 置" （热能搬运移动） 使该物体的热能分布不均匀， 比如通过热量搬运， 将物体 底部的热量不断往上搬运， 令其下端温度降低 20°C， 上端温度升高 20°C， 这就产 生所谓的冷端和热端， 此吋并没有对该物体 "给予或拿走 "热量 （物体的总热能不 变） ， 但冷端完全达到了制冷的要求。 以下， 对本发明的技术方案进行详细的 说明。
[0023] 基于上述原理， 本发明公幵了一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 如图 1所示， 包括 磁串 200， 该磁串 200由多个连通设置的绝热腔体 210组成， 各绝热腔体 210上下 设置， 每一个绝热腔体内部设置有磁工质 220。 在磁串 200的顶部设置有散热结 构 300， 底部设置有制冷腔 400， 磁串 200通过管道 500分别连接散热结构 300和制 冷腔 400， 同吋散热结构 300通过一根竖直设置的竖直长管 510连通制冷腔 400， 形成循环回路。 在该循环回路内部 （管道、 制冷腔、 磁串和竖直长管内部） 充 斥着制冷剂， 制冷剂在循环回路中循环流动， 主要是用于带动热量循环运动。 实际应用中， 为了防止外部热量进入制冷腔， 将制冷腔放入隔热箱 410中设置。 [0024] 如图 1所示， 在磁串 200的一侧设置有固定安装活动磁体 110的磁体安装架 100， 磁体安装架 100， 轴向转动设置 （图中箭头为转动方向） 。 两个活动磁体 110为 一组， 分别上下设置， 形成多个对磁串 200中的磁工质 220进行磁化和退磁的磁 腔体 120， 这些磁腔体 120错位设置在磁体安装架 100两侧 （参见图 1) 。 各绝热 腔体 210之间设置有空隙， 磁体安装架 100转动， 活动磁体 110周期经过绝热腔体 210之间的空隙， 磁腔体 120周期的交错对磁串中的磁工质进行磁化和退磁， 使 各磁串两端形成冷端和热端。
[0025] 本发明的磁制冷系统的工作过程如下： 磁体安装架 100轴向转动， 磁腔体 120周 期的交错对绝热腔体 210内部的磁工质 220进行磁化和退磁， 具体参见图 1， 将磁 工质从下到上进行编号， 分别为第 1号磁工质、 第 2号磁工质、 第 3号磁工质、 第 4号磁工质、 第 5号磁工质、 第 6号磁工质。 初始状态下， 磁腔体 120对第 1、 3、 5 号磁工质进行磁化， 磁工质放热， 其对应的绝热腔体的温度上升， 而第 2、 4、 6 号磁工质为退磁状态， 磁工质吸热， 其对应的绝热腔体的温度下降， 第 1号磁工 质对应的绝热腔体的温度略高于第 2号磁工质对应的绝热腔体的温度 （依次类推 第 3、 4、 5、 6号磁工质对应的绝热腔体之间的温度规律） 。 此吋由于热传递 ( 或者其他辅佐结构、 方法） 的帮助下， 第 1号磁工质对应的绝热腔体中的热量向 上运动， 进入第 2号磁工质对应的绝热腔体中 （其表现为制冷剂蒸汽的向上运动
) ， 同理， 第 3号磁工质对应的绝热腔体中的热量向上运动， 进入第 4号磁工质 对应的绝热腔体中， 第 5号磁工质对应的绝热腔体中的热量向上运动， 进入第 6 号磁工质对应的绝热腔体中。 当磁体固定架转动半周， 磁腔体对第 2、 4、 6号磁 工质进行磁化， 其对应的绝热腔体温度上升， 而第 1、 3、 5号磁工质进入退磁状 态， 其对应的绝热腔体温度下降， 制冷器中的热量进入第 1号磁工质对应的绝热 腔体， 第 2号磁工质对应的绝热腔体的热量进入第 3号磁工质对应的绝热腔体， 第 4号磁工质对应的绝热腔体的热量进入第 5号磁工质对应的绝热腔体， 第 6号磁 工质对应的绝热腔体的热量进入散热结构 300， 这些热量经过散热结构的作用， 有一部分散发到外界， 剩下的小部分热量再经过竖直长管 510进入制冷腔， 再进 行上述的步骤， 形成热量的循环 （热量的流动的表现形式为制冷剂气液状态的 转换以及流动） 。 通过这种结构， 实现了热量的搬运效果， 在磁腔体周期的反 复交错对磁工质进行磁化和退磁后， 达到一种动态平衡状态， 此吋靠近磁串底 部的绝热腔体温度较低 （第 1号磁工质对应的绝热腔体和制冷腔的温度最低） ， 靠近磁串顶部的绝热腔体的温度较高， 形成冷端和热端， 在理想状态下， 冷端 的温度可以达到 -25°C， 热端的温度可以达到 80摄氏度， 经过实验验证， 在实际 状态下， 冷端的温度可以达到 -5°C， 热端的温度达到 55°C。
[0026] 为了优化磁制冷的效率， 满足本发明的磁制冷结构对磁工质的要求， 各磁工质 的居里温度点要求各不相同， 自下而上呈现逐步递增的规律。 这是由于磁工质 需要工作在其居里温度点附近， 才会发挥出本发明磁制冷系统的最佳性能。 同 吋为了加快磁工质与其对应的绝热腔体的热量交换效率， 磁工质设置成表面皱 褶的多孔状结构。
[0027] 在理想状态下， 根据"热能提升装置"的概念 （实现热量流动， 使其形成冷端和 热端， 其对外表现的总热量不变） ， 并不需要设置散热结构。 但是考虑到实际 生产应用于理想状态存在差异， 同吋为了提高本发明的磁制冷系统的制冷效率 ， 在磁串的顶端 （热端） 连接散热结构， 其作用是加快热端的热能想外界散发 的效率 （即不断的减少系统的总热能） 。 散热结构的设置并不对热量的流动产 生影响。 实际应用中， 散热结构多种多样， 可以采用增大与空气接触面积的方 法 （例如图 1中采用弯曲的通道） ， 或者安装散热风扇等， 本发明并不对散热结 构的具体结构进行限定。
[0028] 上述对本发明的磁制冷系统的工作过程描述中提及"辅助磁串热传递的结构和 方法"， 在此， 本发明列举两种， 但是本发明并不对具体的辅佐结构和方法进行 限定。 为了使本发明的磁制冷系统工作更加稳定， 其磁串中的热传递更加稳定 和快速， 在各绝热腔体的连接处设置止回结构 （图中没画出） ， 该止回结构的 作用是防止制冷剂倒流 （制冷剂制冷自下向上运动， 即热量自下向上传递） 。 具体的， 止回结构可以采用单向阀门。 进一步的， 在竖直长管的下端设置一个 辅佐循环泵 600， 以提高制冷剂 （热量） 的循环效率。
[0029] 实际应用中， 磁串可以设置多个， 磁体安装架的结构也可以根据实际生产设置 ， 只要磁体安装架的结构以及工作方式满足使活动磁体周期的反复交错对磁串 中的磁工质进行磁化和退磁即可， 但优选的是旋转式的磁体安装架结构。 同样 的， 磁串上的磁工质可以根据需要设置多个， 磁串的具体设置方向也不进行限 定， 但优选的是竖直设置。 制作磁工质的材料可以选择多种， 例如铁氧体材料 、 锡土合金、 金属钆等。
[0030] 另外， 实际应用中， 竖直长管的作用是帮助系统形成热能循环结构， 其内部的 制冷剂在重力的作用下， 形成并保持向下的压力。
[0031] 实际应用中， 假如将本发明用在大型的工业制冷系统中， 其热端所产生的温度 较高， 这吋， 可以对采用常规的方法对热端的热能进行利用。
[0032] 本发明通过创造性的简单结构， 运用具备磁热效应的磁工质， 实现了具有高实 用价值的磁制冷， 解决了传统磁制冷机的技术难题。 在本方案中， 磁化致热和 退磁致冷都参与到制冷循环中来， 都为制冷的有益效应， 实现了制冷效率的大 幅度提升， 同吋极大的强化了制冷效果。 运用本发明的技术， 相对于传统的压 缩机制冷技术， 在同等制冷量的情况下可以减少电能的消耗， 同吋消除传统压 缩机制冷方式导致的环境污染问题。 本发明的磁制冷结构使用寿命长， 制冷效 果好， 效率高， 无污染， 是一种具备实用价值的磁制冷技术方案。
[0033] 应当理解的是， 本发明的应用不限于上述的举例， 对本领域普通技术人员来说 ， 可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换， 所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所 附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其特征在于， 包括活动磁体和至少一个 竖直设置的磁串， 所述磁串包括依次串联导通设置的绝热腔体， 所述 绝热腔体内部设置有磁工质； 所述活动磁体反复交错的对磁串中的磁 工质进行磁化和退磁， 对于同一磁串中的任意一个正处于退磁状态的 磁工质， 与其相邻的上下两个磁工质必然处于磁化状态；
还包括辅助磁串内部热能单向流动的热流动结构， 所述热流动结构分 别连通磁串的两端； 所述磁串中由于磁工质被磁化而产生的热量在热 传递作用和热流动结构辅助下单向流动， 使磁串两端形成冷端和热端 ； 所述冷端连接制冷腔， 所述制冷腔设置在隔热箱内部。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其特征在于， 还包括 固定安装活动磁体的磁体安装架， 所述磁体安装架轴向转动设置， 磁 体安装架两侧错位固定多个对磁串中的磁工质进行磁化和退磁的磁腔 体； 所述磁腔体包括上下固定设置的两块活动磁体， 两块活动磁体之 间形成对磁串中的磁工质进行磁化和退磁的腔体； 所述各绝热腔体之间设置有空隙， 所述磁体安装架转动， 活动磁体周 期经过绝热腔体之间的空隙， 磁腔体周期的交错对磁串中的磁工质进 行磁化和退磁， 使各磁串两端形成冷端和热端。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其特征在于， 所述热 流动结构包括连通磁串两端的管道， 所述管道与磁串连通， 管道与制 冷腔内部均设置有传递热能的制冷剂； 所述管道靠近热端处设置有散 热结构。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其特征在于， 所述管 道靠近冷端处设置有加快管道内部制冷剂循环运动的辅佐循环泵。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 3所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其特征在于， 所述磁 串中的各绝热腔体之间设置有防止制冷剂倒流的止回结构。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 3所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其特征在于， 所述散 热结构通过一根竖直设置的竖直长管连接制冷腔。 [权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1-6任意一项所述的旋转式串极磁制冷系统， 其特征在 于， 所述磁工质设置成外表面皱褶的多孔状结构。
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