WO2015146330A1 - Élément d'affichage à cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Élément d'affichage à cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015146330A1
WO2015146330A1 PCT/JP2015/053747 JP2015053747W WO2015146330A1 WO 2015146330 A1 WO2015146330 A1 WO 2015146330A1 JP 2015053747 W JP2015053747 W JP 2015053747W WO 2015146330 A1 WO2015146330 A1 WO 2015146330A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
formula
carbons
ring
crystal display
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PCT/JP2015/053747
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
好優 古里
将之 齋藤
Original Assignee
Jnc株式会社
Jnc石油化学株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by Jnc株式会社, Jnc石油化学株式会社 filed Critical Jnc株式会社
Priority to KR1020167020768A priority Critical patent/KR20160138948A/ko
Priority to JP2016510106A priority patent/JP6893784B2/ja
Priority to EP15768285.7A priority patent/EP3125033B1/fr
Priority to US15/122,175 priority patent/US10041000B2/en
Priority to CN201580010146.7A priority patent/CN106164758A/zh
Publication of WO2015146330A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015146330A1/fr

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    • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
    • C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
    • C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
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    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/0622—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C08G73/0633—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only two nitrogen atoms in the ring
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    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3098—Unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexene rings
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    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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    • C09K2019/0411—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a chlorofluoro-benzene, e.g. 2-chloro-3-fluoro-phenylene-1,4-diyl
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    • C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
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    • C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
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    • C09K2019/3027—Compounds comprising 1,4-cyclohexylene and 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene
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    • C09K2019/3422—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered ring
    • C09K2019/3425—Six-membered ring with oxygen(s) in fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133302—Rigid substrates, e.g. inorganic substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13706—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13712—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
    • G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy used in this element, and a liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element having modes such as TN, OCB, IPS, VA, FFS, and FPA.
  • the present invention also relates to a polymer-supported alignment type liquid crystal display element.
  • the classification based on the operation mode of the liquid crystal molecules is as follows: PC (phase change), TN (twisted nematic), STN (super twisted nematic), ECB (electrically controlled birefringence), OCB (optically compensated bend), IPS. (In-plane switching), VA (vertical alignment), FFS (fringe field switching), FPA (field-induced photo-reactive alignment) mode.
  • the classification based on the element drive system is PM (passive matrix) and AM (active matrix). PM is classified into static, multiplex, etc., and AM is classified into TFT (thin film insulator), MIM (metal film insulator), and the like. TFTs are classified into amorphous silicon and polycrystalline silicon. The latter is classified into a high temperature type and a low temperature type according to the manufacturing process.
  • the classification based on the light source includes a reflection type using natural light, a transmission type using backlight, and a semi-transmission type using both natural light and backlight.
  • the liquid crystal display element contains a liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase.
  • This composition has suitable properties. By improving the characteristics of the composition, an AM device having good characteristics can be obtained. The relationship between the two characteristics is summarized in Table 1 below. The characteristics of the composition will be further described based on a commercially available AM device.
  • the temperature range of the nematic phase is related to the temperature range in which the device can be used.
  • a preferred upper limit temperature of the nematic phase is about 70 ° C. or more, and a preferred lower limit temperature of the nematic phase is about ⁇ 10 ° C. or less.
  • the viscosity of the composition is related to the response time of the device. A short response time is preferred for displaying moving images on the device. A shorter response time is desirable even at 1 millisecond. Therefore, a small viscosity in the composition is preferred. Small viscosities at low temperatures are more preferred.
  • the optical anisotropy of the composition is related to the contrast ratio of the device. Depending on the mode of the device, a large optical anisotropy or a small optical anisotropy, ie an appropriate optical anisotropy is required.
  • the product ( ⁇ n ⁇ d) of the optical anisotropy ( ⁇ n) of the composition and the cell gap (d) of the device is designed to maximize the contrast ratio.
  • the appropriate product value depends on the type of operation mode. This value is about 0.45 ⁇ m for a mode element such as TN, about 0.30 ⁇ m to about 0.40 ⁇ m for a VA mode element, and about 0.20 ⁇ m for an IPS mode or FFS mode element. To about 0.30 ⁇ m.
  • a composition having a large optical anisotropy is preferable for a device having a small cell gap.
  • a large dielectric anisotropy in the composition contributes to a low threshold voltage, a small power consumption and a large contrast ratio in the device. Therefore, a large dielectric anisotropy is preferable.
  • the stability of the composition to ultraviolet light and heat is related to the lifetime of the device. When this stability is high, the lifetime of the device is long. Such characteristics are preferable for an AM device used in a liquid crystal projector, a liquid crystal television, and the like.
  • a liquid crystal composition containing a polymer is used.
  • a composition to which a small amount of a polymerizable compound is added is injected into the device.
  • the composition is irradiated with ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage between the substrates of the device.
  • the polymerizable compound polymerizes to form a polymer network in the composition.
  • the response time of the device is shortened, and image burn-in is improved.
  • Such an effect of the polymer can be expected for a device having modes such as TN, ECB, OCB, IPS, VA, FFS, and FPA.
  • a composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used for an AM device having a TN mode.
  • a composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used in an AM device having a VA mode.
  • an AM device having an IPS mode or an FFS mode a composition having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used.
  • a composition having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used in a polymer-supported alignment (PSA) type AM device.
  • PSA polymer-supported alignment
  • An example of a liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.
  • liquid crystal alignment film plays such a role.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film is one of the important elements related to the display quality of the liquid crystal display element, and the role of the liquid crystal alignment film is becoming important year by year as the quality of the display element is improved.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film is formed using a liquid crystal aligning agent.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent mainly used is a solution (varnish) obtained by dissolving polyamic acid or soluble polyimide in an organic solvent. After this solution is applied to the substrate, it is formed by means such as heating to form a polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the rubbing method is currently used industrially as a method for imparting a function of aligning liquid crystal molecules to this film (alignment treatment).
  • the rubbing method is a process in which the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film is rubbed in one direction using a cloth in which fibers of nylon, rayon, polyester, or the like are planted, and this makes it possible to obtain uniform alignment of liquid crystal molecules.
  • a photo-alignment method for irradiating light to a photoreactive film to perform alignment treatment includes photolysis, photoisomerization, photodimerization, photocrosslinking (for example, (See Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Documents 2 to 6.)
  • the photo-alignment method has higher alignment uniformity than the rubbing method, and the non-contact alignment method does not damage the film, reducing the causes of display defects such as dust generation and static electricity. There are advantages such as being able to.
  • photo-alignment film a polyimide using tetracarboxylic dianhydride, particularly cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride as a raw material, can align liquid crystal molecules uniformly and stably (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
  • This is a method of giving a function of aligning liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction by irradiating a film formed on a substrate with ultraviolet rays or the like to cause a chemical change in polyimide.
  • the photo-alignment method has a smaller anchoring energy than the rubbing method and the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is inferior, which may cause a decrease in response speed and burn-in of the liquid crystal display element.
  • Patent Document 5 we have found a method of applying a polyamic acid to a substrate, irradiating with light, and then baking, and obtained a photo-alignment film having a large anchoring energy by this method.
  • a photo-alignment film using a polyamic acid produced using a diamine having an azo group as a raw material has a low light transmittance, and there is a possibility that the luminance of the liquid crystal display element is lowered.
  • One object of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a long lifetime, and a small flicker ratio.
  • Another object is a liquid crystal composition used for such a device.
  • Other objectives are: high maximum temperature of nematic phase, low minimum temperature of nematic phase, small viscosity, appropriate optical anisotropy, negatively large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability against ultraviolet rays, high heat resistance
  • the liquid crystal composition satisfies at least one characteristic in characteristics such as high stability and a large elastic constant.
  • Another object is a liquid crystal composition having an appropriate balance regarding at least two properties.
  • the present invention provides an electrode group formed on one or both of a pair of opposed substrates, a plurality of active elements connected to the electrode group, and opposing surfaces of the pair of substrates.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element including the formed liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal composition sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a liquid crystal composition included in the element, and a liquid crystal alignment film included in the element.
  • One advantage of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a long lifetime, and a small flicker ratio.
  • Another advantage is a liquid crystal composition used in such a device.
  • Another advantage is the high maximum temperature of the nematic phase, the low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, negative large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability against ultraviolet light, high heat resistance
  • the liquid crystal composition satisfies at least one characteristic in characteristics such as high stability and a large elastic constant.
  • Another advantage is a liquid crystal composition having an appropriate balance with respect to at least two properties.
  • liquid crystal composition and “liquid crystal display element” may be abbreviated as “composition” and “element”, respectively.
  • “Liquid crystal display element” is a general term for liquid crystal display panels and liquid crystal display modules.
  • “Liquid crystal compound” is a compound having a liquid crystal phase such as a nematic phase and a smectic phase, and a liquid crystal phase, but has a composition for the purpose of adjusting characteristics such as temperature range, viscosity, and dielectric anisotropy of the nematic phase. It is a general term for compounds mixed with products.
  • This compound has a six-membered ring such as 1,4-cyclohexylene and 1,4-phenylene, and has a rod-like molecular structure.
  • the “polymerizable compound” is a compound added for the purpose of forming a polymer in the composition.
  • the liquid crystal composition is prepared by mixing a plurality of liquid crystal compounds.
  • the ratio (content) of the liquid crystal compound is expressed as a percentage by weight (% by weight) based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.
  • additives such as an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, an antifoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator, and a polymerization inhibitor are added to the liquid crystal composition.
  • the ratio (addition amount) of the additive is represented by a weight percentage (% by weight) based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition, similarly to the ratio of the liquid crystal compound. Weight parts per million (ppm) may be used.
  • the ratio of the polymerization initiator and the polymerization inhibitor is exceptionally expressed based on the weight of the polymerizable compound.
  • the upper limit temperature of the nematic phase may be abbreviated as “the upper limit temperature”.
  • “Lower limit temperature of nematic phase” may be abbreviated as “lower limit temperature”.
  • High voltage holding ratio means that the device has a large voltage holding ratio not only at room temperature in the initial stage but also at a temperature close to the upper limit temperature of the nematic phase. It means having a large voltage holding ratio even at a temperature close to.
  • the expression “increasing the dielectric anisotropy” means that when the composition has a positive dielectric anisotropy, this value increases positively, and the composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy. For objects, this means that this value increases negatively.
  • the expression “at least one 'A' may be replaced by 'B'” means that the number of 'A' is arbitrary. When the number of “A” is one, the position of “A” is arbitrary, and when the number of “A” is two or more, the positions can be selected without limitation. This rule also applies to the expression “at least one 'A' is replaced by 'B'”.
  • the expression “in alkyl, at least one —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O— or —S—” includes —OCH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 2 CH Groups such as 2 OCH 3 , —SCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 SCH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 3 and the like are included.
  • the symbol of the terminal group R 1 is used for a plurality of compounds.
  • two groups represented by two arbitrary R 1 may be the same or different.
  • R 1 of the compound (1-1) is ethyl and R 1 of the compound (1-2) is ethyl.
  • R 1 of compound (1-1) is ethyl and R 1 of compound (1-2) is propyl.
  • This rule also applies to symbols such as other end groups.
  • Formula (1) when a is 2, two rings A exist. In this compound, the two rings represented by the two rings A may be the same or different. This rule also applies to any two rings A when a is greater than 2. This rule also applies to symbols such as Z 1 and ring C.
  • 2-Fluoro-1,4-phenylene means the following two divalent groups.
  • fluorine may be leftward (L) or rightward (R).
  • This rule also applies to asymmetric divalent groups such as tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl.
  • This rule also applies to linking groups such as carbonyloxy (—COO— and —OCO—).
  • the liquid crystal alignment film used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention contains a polymer having a photoreactive group.
  • the polymer include polyamic acid and derivatives thereof.
  • at least one of a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a photoreactive group or a diamine having a photoreactive group is an essential component.
  • the other component is other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides or other diamines.
  • examples of other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and the like.
  • diamines include non-side chain diamines, side chain diamines, and hydrazides.
  • derivative of polyamic acid include soluble polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyhydrazide acid, polyamic acid amide, polyhydrazide acid-amide acid, and the like.
  • a polyimide formed by the dehydration ring-closing reaction of all aminos and carboxyls of the polyamic acid 2) a partial polyimide formed by the partial dehydration ring-closing reaction of the polyamic acid, and 3) polyamic Polyamic acid ester formed by converting carboxyl of acid into ester, 4) polyamic acid-polyamide copolymer obtained by reacting a mixture of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and organic dicarboxylic acid, and 5) this Examples thereof include a polyamideimide produced by subjecting a part or all of the polyamic acid-polyamide copolymer to a dehydration ring-closing reaction.
  • the polyamic acid or this derivative may be a single compound or a mixture of two or more compounds.
  • An alignment film formed from a polyamic acid having a photoreactive group or a derivative thereof (or a diamine having a photoreactive group) may be simply referred to as “photo-alignment film”.
  • the “tetracarboxylic dianhydride” may be a single compound or a mixture of two or more tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. This rule also applies to diamines.
  • the present invention includes the following items.
  • Item 1 An electrode group formed on one or both of a pair of substrates disposed opposite to each other, a plurality of active elements connected to the electrode group, and a liquid crystal formed on surfaces of the pair of substrates facing each other
  • a liquid crystal display element comprising an alignment film and a liquid crystal composition sandwiched between the pair of substrates.
  • Item 2 The liquid crystal display device according to item 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbons, or Ring having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen;
  • ring A and ring C are each independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4- Phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl;
  • ring B is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2- Chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-5-methyl-1,4-phenylene, 3,4,5
  • Item 3. The liquid crystal display device according to item 2, wherein the first component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (1-1) to (1-20).
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, carbon The alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or the alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen.
  • Item 4. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the first component is in the range of 10% by weight to 90% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.
  • Item 5 The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (2) as the second component.
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, and at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen.
  • Item 6. The liquid crystal display device according to item 5, wherein the second component is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) to (2-13).
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, It is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which one hydrogen is replaced with halogen, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which at least one hydrogen is replaced with halogen.
  • Item 7 The liquid crystal display device according to item 5 or 6, wherein the ratio of the second component is in the range of 10% by weight to 90% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.
  • Item 8 The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (3) as an additive component.
  • ring F and ring I are independently cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, pyrimidine- 2-yl or pyridin-2-yl, in which at least one hydrogen is halogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, or at least one hydrogen being halogen.
  • ring G is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl Naphthalene-1,3-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-1,5-diyl, naphthalene-1,6-diyl, Phthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, , 3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, or pyridine-2,5-diyl, in
  • At least one hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine; d is 0, 1, or 2; e, f, and g are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 And the sum of e, f, and g is 1 or greater.
  • P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 are each independently a polymerizable group selected from the group of groups represented by Formula (P-1) to Formula (P-6).
  • Item 9. A liquid crystal display device according to item 8.
  • M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons, or at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen
  • At least one of Sp 1 and g Sp 3 is alkylene in which at least one —CH 2 — is replaced by —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —OCOO—.
  • Item 10 The liquid crystal display device according to item 8 or 9, wherein the additive component is at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-27).
  • the additive component is at least one polymerizable compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-27).
  • P 4 , P 5 and P 6 are independently from the group of groups represented by formula (P-1) to formula (P-3).
  • Selected polymerizable groups are: In formula (P-1) to formula (P-3), M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons, or at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen In formulas (3-1) to (3-27), Sp 1 , Sp 2 , and Sp 3 are each independently a single bond or a carbon number of 1 to 10 In which at least one —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —OCOO—, and at least one —CH 2 —CH 2 — May be replaced with —CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C—, in which at least one hydrogen may be replaced with fluorine or chlorine.
  • Item 11 The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 8 to 10, wherein the ratio of the additive component is in the range of 0.03% by weight to 10% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.
  • Item 12. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of items 1 to 11, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film contains a polymer having a photoreactive group.
  • Item 13 The liquid crystal display element according to item 12, wherein the polymer is polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, or a mixture thereof.
  • Polymers are azobenzene derivatives, stilbene derivatives, tolan derivatives, diphenylbutadiyne derivatives, spiropyran derivatives, spirobenzopyran derivatives, ⁇ -aryl- ⁇ -keto acid derivatives, ⁇ -hydrazono- ⁇ -keto acid derivatives, chalcone derivatives, azo Derivatives, benzylidenephthalimidene derivatives, hemithioindigo derivatives, thioindigo derivatives, spirooxazine derivatives, cinnamaldehyde derivatives, retinal derivatives, fulgide derivatives, diarylethene derivatives, polymethine compounds, benzothiazolinospiropyran derivatives, benzochiopyran pyropyran derivatives, and these Item 14.
  • Item 15 The liquid crystal display according to any one of Items 12 to 14, wherein the polymer is derived from a compound having a photoreactive group selected from the group of groups represented by Formulas (I) to (VII): element.
  • R 7 is a divalent organic group having an aromatic ring.
  • Item 16 A polymer derived from at least one of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film has a photoreactive group selected from the group of groups represented by formulas (I) to (VII) Item 12.
  • Item 17. The liquid crystal display element according to item 16, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film contains a polymer derived from a compound represented by formula (PAN-1) or (PAN-2).
  • Item 18 The liquid crystal display element according to item 16, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film contains a polymer derived from at least one compound selected from compounds represented by formulas (PDI-1) to (PDI-8).
  • a group in which the bond position is not fixed to any carbon atom constituting the ring indicates that the bond position in the ring is any carbon atom.
  • R 8 is —CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —CF 3 , or —COOCH 3 ; h is an integer from 0 to 2.
  • Item 19 The liquid crystal display element according to item 16, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film contains a polymer derived from a compound represented by formula (PDI-6-1) or formula (PDI-7-1).
  • Item 20 Items 16 to 19 in which the liquid crystal alignment film further contains a polymer derived by using at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formulas (AN-I) to (AN-VII): The liquid crystal display element according to any one of the above.
  • X is a single bond or —CH 2 —;
  • G is a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C (CF 3 ) 2 —;
  • Y is one selected from the group of trivalent groups: In these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by methyl, ethyl or phenyl;
  • ring J is a monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a condensed polycyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms In which at least one hydrogen may be replaced by methyl, ethyl or phenyl, and the bond on the ring is linked to any carbon constituting the ring.
  • X 10 is alkylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; Me is methyl; Ph is phenyl; G 10 is —O -, -COO-, or -OCO-; i is 0 or 1;
  • the liquid crystal alignment film has the formula (AN-1-1), formula (AN-1-13), formula (AN-2-1), formula (AN-3-1), formula (AN-3-2), Formula (AN-4-5), Formula (AN-4-17), Formula (AN-4-21), Formula (AN-4-28), Formula (AN-4-29), Formula (AN-7) -2), a polymer derived by further using at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (AN-10) and formula (AN-11-3), 20.
  • the liquid crystal display element according to any one of items 1 to 19.
  • j is an integer of 1 to 12.
  • Item 22 Item 16 to 20 in which the liquid crystal alignment film contains a polymer derived by further using at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (DI-1) to formula (DI-15).
  • the liquid crystal display element according to any one of the above.
  • k is an integer of 1 to 12;
  • G 21 is a single bond, —NH—, —O—, —S—, —SS— , —SO 2 —, —CO—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NHCO—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, — (CH 2 ) m —, —O— (CH 2 ) m —O—, —N (CH 3 ) — (CH 2 ) n —N (CH 3 ) —, or —S— (CH 2 ) m —S—;
  • n is an integer from 1 to 5;
  • G 22 is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, — C (CF 3) 2 -, or
  • R 10 and R 11 are independently alkyl or phenyl having 1 to 3 carbons; G 23 is alkylene or phenylene having 1 to 6 carbons; Or phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by alkyl; p is an integer of 1 to 10; R 12 is alkyl of 1 to 5 carbons, alkoxy of 1 to 5 carbons or chlorine Q is an integer from 0 to 3; r is an integer from 0 to 4; R 13 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, phenyl, or benzyl; G 24 is —CH 2 or -NH-; G 25 is a single bond, alkylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or 1,4-phenylene; s is 0 or 1; and at any carbon atom constituting the ring Join position is Groups which are not constant indicates that the binding position in the ring is either carbon atoms; binding position of -NH 2 bonded to the benzene ring is
  • G 31 represents a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —C ( CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C (CF 3 ) 2 —;
  • ring K is a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, or a naphthalene ring, in which at least one hydrogen is methyl, ethyl, or Ring L may be a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, in which at least one hydrogen may be replaced with methyl, ethyl, or phenyl.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film has the formula (DI-1-3), (DI-4-1), (DI-5-1), (DI-5-5), (DI-5-9), (DI-5 -12), (DI-5-22), (DI-5-28), (DI-5-30), (DI-5-31), (DI-7-3), (DI-9-1) ), (DI-13-1), (DI-13-2), (DI-14-1), and (DI-14-2), at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by Item 21.
  • the liquid crystal display element according to any one of items 16 to 20, further comprising a polymer derived by use.
  • the operation mode of the liquid crystal display element is VA mode, ECB mode, OCB mode, IPS mode, FFS mode, PSA mode, or FPA mode, and the driving method of the liquid crystal display element is any one of items 1 to 23 2.
  • a liquid crystal display device according to item 1.
  • Item 25 The liquid crystal display element according to any one of items 1 to 24, wherein an operation mode of the liquid crystal display element is an IPS mode or an FFS mode, and a driving method of the liquid crystal display element is an active matrix method.
  • Item 26 Item 12. A liquid crystal composition used for the liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 2 to 11.
  • Item 27 The liquid crystal composition according to item 26, wherein the elastic constant (K11) at 25 ° C. is 11 pN or more and the elastic constant (K33) is 11 pN or more.
  • Item 28 A liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal composition according to item 26 or 27 and having a flicker rate at 25 ° C. in the range of 0% to 1%.
  • Item 24. A liquid crystal alignment film used for the liquid crystal display element according to any one of items 12 to 23.
  • Item 30 The liquid crystal alignment film according to Item 29, wherein the volume resistivity ( ⁇ ) at 25 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ cm or more.
  • Item 31 The liquid crystal alignment film according to Item 29, wherein the dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) at 25 ° C. is in the range of 3 to 5.
  • the present invention includes the following items.
  • A The above composition further containing at least one of additives such as an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, an antifoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator, and a polymerization inhibitor.
  • B An AM device containing the above composition.
  • C The above-mentioned composition further containing a polymerizable compound, and a polymer-supported orientation (PSA) type AM device containing this composition.
  • D A polymer-supported orientation (PSA) type AM device comprising the above-described composition, wherein the polymerizable compound in the composition is polymerized.
  • (E) A device containing the above composition and having a mode of PC, TN, STN, ECB, OCB, IPS, VA, FFS, or FPA.
  • (F) A transmissive device containing the above composition.
  • (G) Use of the above composition as a composition having a nematic phase.
  • (H) Use as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound to the above composition.
  • the present invention includes the following items. (I) containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1-1) to formula (1-20) as the first component, and formula (1-1), formula (1) -2), Formula (1-3), Formula (1-5), Formula (1-7), Formula (1-8), Formula (1-10), Formula (1-14), Formula (1- 17)
  • a liquid crystal display comprising the above liquid crystal composition, wherein the total proportion of the compounds represented by formula (1-18) is in the range of 50 wt% to 100 wt% based on the weight of the first component element.
  • the liquid crystal composition in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described in the following order.
  • First, the constitution of component compounds in the composition will be described.
  • Second, the main characteristics of the component compounds and the main effects of the compounds on the composition will be explained.
  • Third, the combination of components in the composition, the preferred ratio of the components, and the basis thereof will be described.
  • Fourth, a preferred form of the component compound will be described.
  • Fifth, preferred component compounds are shown.
  • Sixth, additives that may be added to the composition will be described.
  • Eighth, the use of the composition will be described.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film will be described in the following order.
  • composition of the component compounds in the composition will be described.
  • the composition of the present invention is classified into Composition A and Composition B.
  • the composition A may further contain other liquid crystal compounds, additives and the like in addition to the liquid crystal compound selected from the compound (1) and the compound (2).
  • the “other liquid crystal compound” is a liquid crystal compound different from the compound (1) and the compound (2).
  • Such compounds are mixed into the composition for the purpose of further adjusting the properties.
  • Additives include optically active compounds, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, dyes, antifoaming agents, polymerizable compounds, polymerization initiators, polymerization inhibitors, and the like.
  • Composition B consists essentially of a liquid crystalline compound selected from compound (1) and compound (2). “Substantially” means that the composition may contain an additive but no other liquid crystal compound. Composition B has fewer components than composition A. From the viewpoint of reducing the cost, the composition B is preferable to the composition A. The composition A is preferable to the composition B from the viewpoint that the characteristics can be further adjusted by mixing other liquid crystal compounds.
  • the main characteristics of the component compounds and the main effects of the compounds on the characteristics of the composition will be explained.
  • the main characteristics of the component compounds are summarized in Table 2 based on the effects of the present invention.
  • L means large or high
  • M means moderate
  • S means small or low.
  • L, M, and S are classifications based on a qualitative comparison among the component compounds, and 0 (zero) means that the value is zero or the value is close to zero.
  • Compound (1) increases the dielectric anisotropy and decreases the minimum temperature.
  • Compound (2) decreases the viscosity or increases the maximum temperature.
  • Compound (3) gives a polymer by polymerization, and this polymer shortens the response time of the device and improves image burn-in.
  • a desirable ratio of the first component is approximately 10% by weight or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and approximately 90% by weight or less for decreasing the minimum temperature.
  • a more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 20% by weight to approximately 85% by weight.
  • a particularly desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 30% by weight to approximately 85% by weight.
  • a desirable ratio of the second component is approximately 10% by weight or more for increasing the maximum temperature or decreasing the viscosity, and approximately 90% by weight or less for increasing the dielectric anisotropy.
  • a more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 15% by weight to approximately 75% by weight.
  • a particularly preferred ratio is in the range of approximately 15% by weight to approximately 60% by weight.
  • Compound (3) is added to the composition for the purpose of adapting to a polymer-supported orientation type device.
  • a desirable ratio of the additive is approximately 0.03% by weight or more for aligning liquid crystal molecules based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition, and approximately 10% by weight or less for preventing display defects of the device.
  • a more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 0.1% by weight to approximately 2% by weight.
  • a particularly preferred ratio is in the range of approximately 0.2% by weight to approximately 1% by weight.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or 2 to 12 carbons. Or an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by a halogen. Desirable R 1 or R 2 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons for increasing the stability, and alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons for increasing the dielectric anisotropy.
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen.
  • Desirable R 3 or R 4 is alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons for decreasing the viscosity, and alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons for increasing the stability.
  • Alkyl is linear or branched and does not include cyclic alkyl. Linear alkyl is preferred over branched alkyl. The same applies to terminal groups such as alkoxy and alkenyl.
  • Preferred alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl. More desirable alkyl is ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or heptyl for decreasing the viscosity.
  • alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen are fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl, 7-fluoroheptyl, or 8-Fluorooctyl. Further preferred examples are 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl or 5-fluoropentyl for increasing the dielectric anisotropy.
  • Preferred alkoxy is methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, or heptyloxy. More desirable alkoxy is methoxy or ethoxy for decreasing the viscosity.
  • Preferred alkenyl is vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, or 5-hexenyl. More desirable alkenyl is vinyl, 1-propenyl, 3-butenyl, or 3-pentenyl for decreasing the viscosity.
  • the preferred configuration of —CH ⁇ CH— in these alkenyls depends on the position of the double bond.
  • Trans is preferable in alkenyl such as 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-pentenyl and 3-hexenyl for decreasing the viscosity.
  • Cis is preferred for alkenyl such as 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, and 2-hexenyl.
  • Preferred alkenyloxy is vinyloxy, allyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy, or 4-pentenyloxy. More preferable alkenyloxy is allyloxy or 3-butenyloxy for decreasing the viscosity.
  • alkenyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen include 2,2-difluorovinyl, 3,3-difluoro-2-propenyl, 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl, 5,5-difluoro-4 -Pentenyl, or 6,6-difluoro-5-hexenyl. Further preferred examples are 2,2-difluorovinyl or 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl for decreasing the viscosity.
  • Ring A and Ring C are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine, Or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl.
  • Preferred examples of “1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine” are 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2-chloro- 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene.
  • Preferred ring A or ring C is 1,4-cyclohexylene for decreasing the viscosity, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and for increasing the optical anisotropy.
  • 1,4-phenylene As the configuration of 1,4-cyclohexylene, trans is preferable to cis for increasing the maximum temperature. Tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl is
  • Ring B is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro-5-methyl-1,4-phenylene, 3,4, 5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl or 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl.
  • Preferred ring B is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene for decreasing the viscosity, and 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene for decreasing the optical anisotropy. In order to increase the anisotropy, 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl.
  • Ring D and ring E are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene.
  • Preferred ring D or ring E is 1,4-cyclohexylene for decreasing the viscosity or increasing the maximum temperature, and 1,4-phenylene for decreasing the minimum temperature.
  • Z 1 and Z 2 are independently a single bond, ethylene, carbonyloxy, or methyleneoxy. Desirable Z 1 or Z 2 is a single bond for decreasing the viscosity, ethylene for decreasing the minimum temperature, and methyleneoxy for increasing the dielectric anisotropy.
  • Z 3 is a single bond, ethylene or carbonyloxy. Desirable Z 3 is a single bond for increasing the stability.
  • A is 0, 1, 2, or 3, b is 0 or 1, and the sum of a and b is 3 or less.
  • Preferred a is 1 for decreasing the viscosity, and 2 or 3 for increasing the maximum temperature.
  • Preferred b is 0 for decreasing the viscosity, and 1 for decreasing the minimum temperature.
  • c is 1, 2 or 3.
  • Preferred c is 1 for decreasing the viscosity, and 2 or 3 for increasing the maximum temperature.
  • P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 are independently a polymerizable group.
  • Preferred P 1 , P 2 , or P 3 is a polymerizable group selected from the group of groups represented by formula (P-1) to formula (P-6). More desirable P 1 , P 2 , or P 3 is a group (P-1) or a group (P-2).
  • a particularly preferred group (P-1) is —OCO—CH ⁇ CH 2 or —OCO—C (CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 .
  • the wavy line from the group (P-1) to the group (P-6) indicates a binding site.
  • M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons, or at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen The alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred M 1 , M 2 or M 3 is hydrogen or methyl for increasing the reactivity. More preferred M 1 is methyl, and more preferred M 2 or M 3 is hydrogen.
  • e number of P 1, d ⁇ f-number of P 2, and g-number of at least two of the P 3 is a group (P-1)
  • any of P 1, P 2, and P 3 The two M 1 , M 2 , or M 3 may be the same or different. The same applies to the group (P-2) or the group (P-3).
  • e P 1 and g P 3 are groups (P-4), at least one of e Sp 1 and g Sp 3 is at least one —CH 2 — Is alkylene substituted with —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —OCOO—. That is, not all of e P 1 and g P 3 are alkenyl such as 1-propenyl.
  • P 4 , P 5 , and P 6 are independently groups represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-3).
  • Preferable P 4 , P 5 or P 6 is a group (P-1) or a group (P-2).
  • Further preferred group (P-1) is —OCO—CH ⁇ CH 2 or —OCO—C (CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 .
  • the wavy line from the group (P-1) to the group (P-3) indicates a bonding site.
  • Any two of M 1 , M 2 , or M 3 may be the same or different. The same applies to the group (P-2) or the group (P-3).
  • Sp 1 , Sp 2 , and Sp 3 are each independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, in which at least one —CH 2 — is —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —OCOO— may be substituted, and at least one —CH 2 —CH 2 — may be substituted with —CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C— In this group, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine.
  • Preferred Sp 1 , Sp 2 or Sp 3 is a single bond.
  • Ring F and Ring I are independently cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, or pyridine -2-yl, and in these rings, at least one hydrogen is halogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, or 1 carbon in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by halogen. To 12 alkyls. Preferred ring F and ring I are phenyl.
  • Ring G is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene-1,3-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, Naphthalene-1,5-diyl, naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, naphthalene- 2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, or pyridine-2,5-diyl, in these rings , At least one hydrogen is halogen, al
  • Z 4 and Z 5 are each independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in which at least one —CH 2 — is —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or — OCO— may be substituted, and at least one —CH 2 —CH 2 — may be —CH ⁇ CH—, —C (CH 3 ) ⁇ CH—, —CH ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or —C (CH 3 ) ⁇ C (CH 3 ) — may be replaced, and in these groups at least one hydrogen may be replaced with fluorine or chlorine.
  • Preferred Z 4 or Z 5 is a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, or —OCO—. Further preferred Z 4 or Z 5 is a single bond.
  • D is 0, 1, or 2.
  • Preferred d is 0 or 1.
  • e, f, and g are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of e, f, and g is 1 or greater.
  • Preferred e, f, or g is 1 or 2.
  • the first component is a compound (1) having a large negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • Desirable compounds (1) are the compounds (1-1) to (1-20) described in item 3.
  • Preferred compounds from the viewpoint of reducing the flicker rate of the device are as follows.
  • a compound having a single bond or ethylene is preferable to a compound having methyleneoxy.
  • Compounds having 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene are preferred over compounds having tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl. More preferable compounds are specifically the compound (1-1), the compound (1-2), the compound (1-3), the compound (1-5), the compound (1-7), the compound (1-8). ), Compound (1-10), compound (1-14), compound (1-17), or compound (1-18).
  • the total proportion of these compounds is preferably in the range of 50% to 100% by weight based on the weight of the first component.
  • the total proportion of these compounds is preferably in the range of 10% to 90% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the total proportion of these compounds is more preferably in the range of 20% to 85% by weight based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the second component is a compound (2) having a small dielectric anisotropy.
  • Desirable compounds (2) are the compounds (2-1) to (2-13) described in item 6.
  • at least one of the second components is the compound (2-1), the compound (2-3), the compound (2-5), the compound (2-6), or the compound (2-7). It is preferable. It is preferable that at least two of the second components are the compound (2-1) and the compound (2-3), or the combination of the compound (2-1) and the compound (2-5).
  • Desirable compound (3) is the compound (3-1) to the compound (3-27) according to item 10.
  • at least one of the additive components is compound (3-1), compound (3-2), compound (3-24), compound (3-25), compound (3-26), or compound (3-27) is preferred.
  • At least two of the additive components are compound (3-1) and compound (3-2), compound (3-1) and compound (3-18), compound (3-2) and compound (3-24), Compound (3-2) and Compound (3-25), Compound (3-2) and Compound (3-26), Compound (3-25) and Compound (3-26), or Compound (3-18) and A combination of compounds (3-24) is preferred.
  • preferred M 1 , M 2 , or M 3 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • additives that may be added to the composition will be described.
  • Such additives are optically active compounds, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, dyes, antifoaming agents, polymerizable compounds, polymerization initiators, polymerization inhibitors, and the like.
  • An optically active compound is added to the composition for the purpose of inducing a helical structure in liquid crystal molecules to give a twist angle. Examples of such a compound are the compound (4-1) to the compound (4-5).
  • a desirable ratio of the optically active compound is approximately 5% by weight or less. A more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 2% by weight.
  • an antioxidant is added to the composition in order to maintain a large voltage holding ratio not only at room temperature but also at a temperature close to the upper limit temperature.
  • a preferred example of the antioxidant is a compound (5) wherein z is an integer of 1 to 9.
  • preferred z is 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. Further preferred z is 7. Since the compound (5) in which z is 7 has low volatility, it is effective for maintaining a large voltage holding ratio not only at room temperature but also at a temperature close to the upper limit temperature after using the device for a long time.
  • a desirable ratio of the antioxidant is approximately 50 ppm or more for achieving this effect, and approximately 600 ppm or less for avoiding a decrease in the maximum temperature or avoiding an increase in the minimum temperature.
  • a more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 100 ppm to approximately 300 ppm.
  • the ultraviolet absorber examples include benzophenone derivatives, benzoate derivatives, triazole derivatives and the like. Also preferred are light stabilizers such as sterically hindered amines. A desirable ratio of these absorbers and stabilizers is approximately 50 ppm or more for achieving this effect, and approximately 10,000 ppm or less for avoiding a decrease in the maximum temperature or avoiding an increase in the minimum temperature. A more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 100 ppm to approximately 10,000 ppm.
  • a dichroic dye such as an azo dye or an anthraquinone dye is added to the composition in order to adapt it to a GH (guest host) mode element.
  • a preferred ratio of the dye is in the range of approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 10% by weight.
  • an antifoaming agent such as dimethyl silicone oil or methylphenyl silicone oil is added to the composition.
  • a desirable ratio of the antifoaming agent is approximately 1 ppm or more for achieving this effect, and approximately 1000 ppm or less for preventing display defects.
  • a more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 1 ppm to approximately 500 ppm.
  • a polymerizable compound is used to adapt to a polymer support alignment (PSA) type device.
  • Compound (3) is suitable for this purpose.
  • a polymerizable compound different from the compound (3) may be added to the composition together with the compound (3).
  • Preferable examples of such a polymerizable compound are compounds such as acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl compound, vinyloxy compound, propenyl ether, epoxy compound (oxirane, oxetane), vinyl ketone and the like. Further preferred examples are acrylate or methacrylate derivatives.
  • a desirable ratio of the compound (3) is 10% by weight or more based on the total weight of the polymerizable compound.
  • a more desirable ratio is 50% by weight or more.
  • a particularly desirable ratio is 80% by weight or more. The most preferred ratio is 100% by weight.
  • a polymerizable compound such as compound (3) is polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the polymerization may be performed in the presence of a suitable initiator such as a photopolymerization initiator.
  • a suitable initiator such as a photopolymerization initiator.
  • Appropriate conditions for polymerization, the appropriate type of initiator, and the appropriate amount are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature.
  • Irgacure 651 registered trademark; BASF
  • Irgacure 184 registered trademark; BASF
  • Darocur 1173 registered trademark; BASF
  • a desirable ratio of the photopolymerization initiator is in the range of approximately 0.1% by weight to approximately 5% by weight based on the total weight of the polymerizable compound.
  • a more desirable ratio is in the range of approximately 1% by weight to approximately 3% by weight.
  • a polymerization inhibitor When storing a polymerizable compound such as compound (3), a polymerization inhibitor may be added to prevent polymerization.
  • the polymerizable compound is usually added to the composition without removing the polymerization inhibitor.
  • the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone derivatives such as hydroquinone and methylhydroquinone, 4-tert-butylcatechol, 4-methoxyphenol, phenothiazine and the like.
  • the composition mainly has a minimum temperature of about ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, a maximum temperature of about 70 ° C. or higher, and an optical anisotropy in the range of about 0.07 to about 0.20.
  • a device containing this composition has a large voltage holding ratio.
  • This composition is suitable for an AM device.
  • This composition is particularly suitable for a transmissive AM device.
  • a composition having an optical anisotropy in the range of about 0.08 to about 0.25 may be prepared by controlling the ratio of the component compounds or by mixing other liquid crystal compounds.
  • Compositions having optical anisotropy in the range of about 0.10 to about 0.30 may be prepared by this method.
  • This composition can be used as a composition having a nematic phase, or can be used as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound.
  • This composition can be used for an AM device. Further, it can be used for PM elements.
  • This composition can be used for an AM device or a PM device having modes such as PC, TN, STN, ECB, OCB, IPS, FFS, VA, and FPA.
  • Use in an AM device having a TN, OCB, IPS, or FFS mode is particularly preferable.
  • the alignment of liquid crystal molecules may be parallel to or perpendicular to the glass substrate.
  • These elements may be reflective, transmissive, or transflective. Use in a transmissive element is preferred. It can also be used for an amorphous silicon-TFT device or a polycrystalline silicon-TFT device.
  • NCAP non-curvilinear-aligned-phase
  • PD polymer-dispersed
  • a preferred liquid crystal alignment film is prepared from a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a polymer having a photoreactive group.
  • Preferred photoreactive groups include azobenzene derivatives, stilbene derivatives, tolan derivatives, diphenylbutadiyne derivatives, spiropyran derivatives, spirobenzopyran derivatives, ⁇ -aryl- ⁇ -keto acid derivatives, ⁇ -hydrazono- ⁇ -keto acid derivatives, chalcones Derivatives, azo derivatives, benzylidenephthalimidene derivatives, hemithioindigo derivatives, thioindigo derivatives, spirooxazine derivatives, cinnamaldehyde derivatives, retinal derivatives, fulgide derivatives, diarylethene derivatives, polymethine compounds, benzothiazolinospiropyran derivatives, benzochiopyran pyropyran derivatives, And a group derived from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of isomers and heteroatom substituents thereof.
  • a heteroatom-substituted product is a compound
  • the polyamic acid having a photoreactive group or a derivative thereof is, for example, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having at least one photoreactive group selected from the group of groups represented by the following formulas (I) to (VII): It is obtained by using at least one diamine as a raw material.
  • R 7 is a divalent organic group having an aromatic ring.
  • a diamine having a photoreactive group is preferred from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
  • a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a photoreactive group is preferable from the viewpoint of characteristics.
  • a photo-alignment film using at least one of a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a diamine having a photoreactive group selected from the group of groups represented by formulas (I) to (VII) as a raw material has good photosensitivity. Have sex.
  • Suitable tetracarboxylic dianhydrides having a photoreactive group include compounds of the following formula (PAN-1) or (PAN-2).
  • Suitable diamines having a photoreactive group include compounds of the following formulas (PDI-1) to (PDI-8).
  • a group in which the bond position is not fixed to any carbon atom constituting the ring indicates that the bond position in the ring is any carbon atom.
  • R 8 is —CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —CF 3 , or —COOCH 3 ;
  • h is an integer from 0 to 2.
  • a compound of the following formula (PDI-6-1) or (PDI-7-1) is more preferable.
  • tetracarboxylic dianhydrides In producing a polyamic acid or a derivative thereof, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a photoreactive group can be further used, which is restricted from known tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. You can choose without having to.
  • a tetracarboxylic dianhydride has an aromatic system (including a heteroaromatic ring system) in which —CO—O—CO— is directly bonded to an aromatic ring, and —CO—O—CO— It may belong to any group of aliphatic systems (including heterocyclic systems) that are not directly bonded.
  • tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are represented by formulas (AN-I) to (AN-VII) from the viewpoint of easy availability of raw materials, ease of polymer polymerization, and electrical characteristics of the film. And tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • X is a single bond or —CH 2 —;
  • G is a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C (CF 3 ) 2 —;
  • Y is one selected from the group of trivalent groups described below.
  • ring J is a monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a condensed polyhydric group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • Cyclic hydrocarbon groups in which at least one hydrogen may be replaced by methyl, ethyl or phenyl, and the bond on the ring is linked to any carbon constituting the ring And two bonds may be linked to the same carbon;
  • X 10 is alkylene having 2 to 6 carbons; Me is methyl; Ph is phenyl; and G 10 is —O—, —COO— or —OCO—; i is 0 or 1;
  • tetracarboxylic dianhydrides represented by the following formulas (AN-1) to (AN-16-14) can be mentioned.
  • G 11 is a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 12 carbons, 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-cyclohexylene.
  • X 11 is a single bond or —CH 2 —.
  • G 12 is either a trivalent of the following groups.
  • G 12 When G 12 is CH, the hydrogen of CH may be replaced with —CH 3 .
  • G 12 When G 12 is N, G 11 is not a single bond or —CH 2 —, and X 11 is not a single bond.
  • R 14 is hydrogen or —CH 3 .
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-1) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • u is an integer from 1 to 12.
  • R 15 is hydrogen, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , or phenyl.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-2) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • ring J 11 is a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-3) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • G 13 is a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 12 carbons, —O—, —S—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —SO 2 —, —CO—, —C (CF 3 ) 2 — or a divalent group represented by the following formula (G13-1).
  • the phenylene in the formula (G13-1) is preferably 1,4-phenylene or 1,3-phenylene.
  • Ring J 11 is a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring.
  • G 13 may be bonded to any position of ring J 11 .
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-4) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • u is an integer from 1 to 12.
  • R 14 is hydrogen or —CH 3 .
  • R 14 whose bonding position is not fixed to the carbon atom constituting the benzene ring indicates that the bonding position in the benzene ring is any carbon atom.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-5) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • X 11 is a single bond or —CH 2 —.
  • v is 1 or 2.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-6) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • X 11 is a single bond or —CH 2 —.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-7) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • X 11 is a single bond or —CH 2 —.
  • R 16 is hydrogen, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , or phenyl, and ring J 12 is a cyclohexane ring or a cyclohexene ring.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-8) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • w is 0 or 1.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-9) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • the compound represented by the formula (AN-10) is the following tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the ring J 11 is a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-11) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • ring J 11 is a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-12) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • X 10 is alkylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms
  • Ph is phenyl.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-13) include compounds represented by the following formula. In the following formula, Ph is phenyl.
  • G 10 is independently —O—, —COO— or —OCO—, and i is 0 or 1.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-14) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • x is an integer from 1 to 10.
  • Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (AN-15) include compounds represented by the following formula.
  • Examples of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the above include the following compounds.
  • the formulas (AN-1-1), (AN-1-13), (AN-2-1) , (AN-3-1), (AN-4-17), (AN-4-28), or (AN-4-29) is particularly preferable.
  • the formulas (AN-1-1), (AN-1-13), (AN-2-1) , (AN-3-1), (AN-4-28), (AN-4-29), (AN-7-2), or (AN-10) is particularly preferable.
  • a diamine other than a diamine having a photoreactive group can be further used, and can be selected without limitation from known diamines.
  • Diamines can be divided into two types according to their structure. That is, when a skeleton connecting two amino groups is viewed as a main chain, a group branched from the main chain, that is, a diamine having a side chain group and a diamine having no side chain group.
  • This side chain group is a group having an effect of increasing the pretilt angle.
  • the side chain group having such an effect needs to be a group having 3 or more carbon atoms. Specific examples include alkyl having 3 or more carbon atoms, alkoxy having 3 or more carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl having 3 or more carbon atoms, or A group having a steroid skeleton can be exemplified.
  • a group having one or more rings, wherein the terminal ring has any one of alkyl having 1 or more carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 or more carbon atoms, and alkoxyalkyl having 2 or more carbon atoms as a substituent also has an effect as a side chain group.
  • a diamine having such a side chain group may be referred to as a “side chain diamine”.
  • a diamine having no side chain group is sometimes referred to as a “non-side chain diamine”.
  • the necessary pretilt angle can be obtained by properly using non-side chain diamine and side chain diamine.
  • the non-side chain diamine or the side chain diamine can be used for the purpose of improving characteristics such as vertical orientation, voltage holding ratio, image burn-in, and orientation.
  • the side chain diamine is preferably used in combination so as not to impair the properties of the present invention.
  • non-side chain diamine will be described.
  • Known non-side chain diamines include the following diamines of formulas (DI-1) to (DI-12) or dihydrazides of formulas (DI-13) to (DI-15).
  • dihydrazide is also included in the diamine.
  • k is an integer of 1 to 12;
  • G 21 is a single bond, —NH—, —O—, —S—, —SS— , —SO 2 —, —CO—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NHCO—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, — (CH 2 ) m —, —O— (CH 2 ) m —O—, —N (CH 3 ) — (CH 2 ) n —N (CH 3 ) —, or —S— (CH 2 ) m —S—;
  • n is an integer from 1 to 5;
  • G 22 is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, — C (CF 3) 2 -, or
  • a group whose bonding position is not fixed to the carbon atom constituting the ring indicates that the bonding position in the ring is any carbon atom.
  • the bonding position of —NH 2 to the cyclohexane ring or the benzene ring is any position excluding the bonding position of G 21 or G 22 .
  • R 9 is hydrogen or —CH 3 .
  • R 10 and R 11 are independently alkyl or phenyl having 1 to 3 carbons;
  • G 23 is alkylene or phenylene having 1 to 6 carbons; Or alkyl-substituted phenylene;
  • p is an integer from 1 to 10;
  • R 12 is alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbons or chlorine;
  • q is 0 to 3 R is an integer from 0 to 4;
  • R 13 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, phenyl, or benzyl;
  • G 24 is —CH 2 — or —NH—.
  • G 25 is a single bond, alkylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or 1,4-phenylene; s is 0 or 1; and the bond position is fixed to any carbon atom constituting the ring There is no group this In indicates that the binding position is any carbon atoms; binding position of -NH 2 bonded to the benzene ring is any position.
  • G 31 represents a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —C ( CH 3 ) 2 —, Or —C (CF 3 ) 2 —;
  • ring K is a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by methyl, ethyl, or phenyl Ring
  • L is a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced with methyl, ethyl, or phenyl.
  • non-side chain diamines of the above formulas (DI-1) to (DI-15) include diamines of the following formulas (DI-1-1) to (DI-15-6).
  • diamines represented by formulas (DI-1) to (DI-3) are shown below.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-4) are shown below.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-5) are shown below.
  • m is an integer from 1 to 12.
  • m is an integer of 1 to 12.
  • y is an integer from 1 to 6.
  • n is an integer from 1 to 5.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-6) are shown below.
  • m is an integer from 1 to 12, and t is 1 or 2.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-8) are shown below.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-9) are shown below.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-10) are shown below.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-11) are shown below.
  • Examples of the diamine represented by the formula (DI-12) are shown below.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-13) are shown below.
  • t is an integer of 1 to 12.
  • diamines represented by the formula (DI-15) are shown below.
  • the side chain type diamine will be described.
  • Examples of the side chain group of the side chain type diamine include the following groups.
  • alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are all groups having 3 or more carbon atoms. However, in alkyloxyalkyl, it is sufficient if the entire group has 3 or more carbon atoms. These groups may be linear or branched.
  • phenyl, phenylalkyl, phenylalkyloxy, phenyl provided that the terminal ring has alkyl having 1 or more carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 or more carbon atoms, or alkoxyalkyl having 2 or more carbon atoms as a substituent.
  • a group having two or more benzene rings, a group having two or more cyclohexane rings, or two or more groups composed of a benzene ring and a cyclohexane ring wherein the bonding groups are independently a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, or alkylene having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the terminal ring is alkyl having 1 or more carbon atoms as a substituent, fluorine-substituted alkyl having 1 or more carbon atoms,
  • a ring assembly group having alkoxy having 1 or more carbon atoms or alkoxyalkyl having 2 or more carbon atoms can be given.
  • a group having a steroid skeleton is also effective as a side chain group.
  • Examples of the side chain diamine include compounds represented by the following formulas (DI-16) to (DI-20).
  • G 26 represents a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—, —CONH—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CF 2 O—. , —OCF 2 —, or — (CH 2 ) A —, wherein A is an integer of 1 to 12.
  • G 26 are a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 O—, or alkylene having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and particularly preferred examples are a single bond, —O—, -COO -, - OCO -, - CH 2 O -, - CH 2 -, or -CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • R 17 is an alkyl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, a group having a steroid skeleton, or a group represented by the following formula (DI-16-a).
  • At least one hydrogen may be replaced with fluorine, and at least one —CH 2 — may be replaced with —O—, —CH ⁇ CH—, or —C ⁇ C—.
  • the hydrogen of this phenyl may be replaced by fluorine, —CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —OCH 2 F, —OCHF 2, —OCF 3, alkyl having 3 to 30 carbons or alkoxy having 3 to 30 carbons.
  • the bonding position of —NH 2 bonded to the benzene ring is any position in this ring.
  • a preferred bonding position is meta or para. That is, when the bonding position of the group “R 17 —G 26 —” is the first position, the two bonding positions are preferably the third position and the fifth position, or the second position and the fifth position.
  • G 27 , G 28 , and G 29 are bonding groups, and these are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 12 carbons, and in the alkylene, at least 1 Two —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —CH ⁇ CH—.
  • Ring B 21 , Ring B 22 , Ring B 23 , and Ring B 24 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2 , 5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, naphthalene-1,5-diyl, naphthalene-2,7-diyl or anthracene-9,10-diyl, ring B 21 , ring B 22 , ring B 23 , And in ring B 24 , at least one hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or —CH 3 , D, E, and F are independently integers from 0 to 2, and their sum is from 1 to 5.
  • R 18 is fluorine, —OH, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbons, fluorine-substituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 30 carbons, —CN, —OCH 2 F, —OCHF 2 , or —OCF 3
  • at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms may be replaced with a divalent group represented by the following formula (DI-16-b).
  • R 19 and R 20 are independently alkyl having 1 to 3 carbons, and G is an integer of 1 to 6.
  • Preferred examples of R 18 are alkyl having 1 to 30 carbons and alkoxy having 1 to 30 carbons.
  • G 30 is a single bond, —CO— or —CH 2 —, R 21 is hydrogen or —CH 3 , and R 22 is hydrogen. , Alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, or alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbons.
  • One hydrogen of the benzene ring in formula (DI-18) may be replaced with alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or phenyl.
  • a group whose bond position is not fixed to any carbon atom constituting the ring indicates that the bond position in the ring is any carbon atom.
  • One of the two groups “-phenylene-G 30 —O—” in formula (DI-17) is preferably bonded to the 3-position of the steroid nucleus and the other is bonded to the 6-position of the steroid nucleus.
  • the bonding position of the two groups “-phenylene-G 30 —O—” in the formula (DI-18) to the benzene ring is preferably a meta position or a para position with respect to the bonding position of the steroid nucleus.
  • the bonding position of —NH 2 bonded to the benzene ring is any position.
  • G 31 is independently —O— or alkylene having 1 to 6 carbons, and G 32 is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 3 carbons.
  • R 23 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, and at least one —CH 2 — of the alkyl may be replaced by —O—, —CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C—.
  • R 24 is alkyl having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and R 25 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • Ring B 25 is 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene, and H is 0 or 1.
  • —NH 2 bonded to the benzene ring is any carbon atom at the bonding position in this ring. Each —NH 2 is preferably in the meta position or the para position with respect to the bonding position of G 31 .
  • side chain diamines are illustrated below.
  • Examples of the side chain diamines of the above formulas (DI-16) to (DI-20) include compounds represented by the following formulas (DI-16-1) to (DI-20-3).
  • R 26 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 30 carbons, preferably alkyl or carbon having 5 to 25 carbons. The number 5 to 25 alkoxy.
  • R 27 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 30 carbons, preferably alkyl having 3 to 25 carbons or alkoxy having 3 to 25 carbons.
  • R 28 is alkyl having 4 to 30 carbons, preferably alkyl having 6 to 25 carbons.
  • R 29 is alkyl having 6 to 30 carbons, preferably alkyl having 8 to 25 carbons.
  • R 30 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbons, preferably alkyl having 3 to 20 carbons or carbon The number 3 to 20 alkoxy.
  • R 31 is hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 30 carbons, —CN, —OCH 2 F, —OCHF 2 or —OCF 3 , preferably alkyl having 3 to 25 carbons Or alkoxy having 3 to 25 carbon atoms.
  • G 33 is alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons.
  • Formulas (DI-16-44) to (DI-16-50) are examples of compounds having a steroid skeleton.
  • R 32 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, preferably hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and R 33 is hydrogen. Or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons.
  • R 29 is alkyl having 6 to 30 carbons
  • R 33 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons.
  • Examples of the diamine in the present invention include the photosensitive diamines represented by the formulas (PDI-1) to (PDI-8) and the diamines represented by the formulas (DI-1-1) to (DI-20-3). Other diamines can also be used. Examples of such diamines include side chain diamines other than formulas (DI-16-1) to (DI-20-3).
  • Examples thereof include compounds represented by the following formulas (DI-21-1) to (DI-21-8).
  • R 34 represents an alkyl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • a part of the diamine may be replaced by a monoamine in a range where the ratio of the monoamine to the diamine is 40 mol% or less.
  • Such replacement causes termination of the polymerization reaction when the polyamic acid is produced, so that the progress of the polymerization reaction can be suppressed. Since the molecular weight of the resulting polymer (polyamic acid or this derivative) can be controlled, the coating properties of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be improved without impairing the effects of the present invention. As long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, monoamines may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • Examples of monoamines include aniline, 4-hydroxyaniline, cyclohexylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine, n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine, n-decylamine, and n-un. Decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tridecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-heptadecylamine, n-octadecylamine, or n-eicosylamine Can be mentioned.
  • a monoisocyanate compound When producing a polyamic acid or a derivative thereof, a monoisocyanate compound may be added to the raw material. By adding a monoisocyanate compound to a raw material, the terminal of the polyamic acid obtained or this derivative is modified, and molecular weight is adjusted. By using this terminal-modified polyamic acid or derivative thereof, for example, the coating properties of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be improved without impairing the effects of the present invention.
  • the content of the monoisocyanate compound in the raw material is preferably 1 to 10 mol% based on the total amount of the diamine and tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the raw material from the above viewpoint.
  • the monoisocyanate compound include phenyl isocyanate and naphthyl isocyanate.
  • the diamine when importance is attached to further improving the orientation of liquid crystal molecules, the diamine may be represented by the formula (DI-1-3), (DI-5-1), (DI-5 A diamine represented by -12), (DI-7-3), (DI-13-2), (DI-14-1) or (DI-14-2) is preferred.
  • the diamine when importance is attached to further improving the reactivity and photosensitivity, the diamine may be represented by the formula (DI-1-4), (DI-4-1), (DI-5 -1), (DI-5-12), (DI-5-28), (DI-5-30), (DI-9-1), (DI-13-1), (DI-13-2) ), (DI-14-1) or (DI-14-2) is preferred.
  • the diamine when importance is attached to further improving the transmittance, the diamine may be represented by the formula (DI-1-3), (DI-1-4), (DI-13-1)
  • a diamine represented by ((DI-13-2), (DI-14-1) or (DI-14-2)) is preferred.
  • the diamine when emphasis is placed on further improving the electrical characteristics, the diamine may be represented by the formula (DI-4-1), (DI-5-5), (DI-5-9) , (DI-5-21), (DI-5-28), (DI-5-30), (DI-5-31), (DI-9-1), (DI-14-1), or A diamine represented by (DI-14-2) is preferred.
  • the polyamic acid used for the liquid crystal aligning agent for manufacturing the alignment film used by this invention is obtained by making an acid dianhydride and diamine react in a solvent. In this synthesis reaction, no special conditions other than the selection of the raw materials are required, and the conditions for normal polyamic acid synthesis can be applied as they are. The solvent to be used will be described later.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent may be a so-called blend type, and may further contain a polyamic acid or a derivative thereof, or may further contain other components other than the polyamic acid or the derivative.
  • the other component may be one type or two or more types.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent is an acrylic acid polymer, an acrylate polymer, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a dicarboxylic acid or a polyamic acid or an amount within 20% by weight of the derivative within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
  • You may further contain other polymer components, such as a polyamideimide which is a reaction product of this derivative and diamine.
  • the polyamic acid or derivative thereof can be produced in the same manner as a known polyamic acid or derivative thereof used for forming a polyimide film.
  • the total amount of tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably approximately equimolar to the total number of moles of diamine (from about 0.9 to about 1.1 in molar ratio).
  • the molecular weight of the polyamic acid or this derivative is a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene, preferably 10,000 to 500,000, and more preferably 20,000 to 200,000.
  • Mw weight average molecular weight
  • the molecular weight of the polyamic acid or derivative thereof can be determined from measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method.
  • polyamic acid or this derivative can be confirmed by analyzing the solid content obtained by precipitation with a large amount of poor solvent by IR or NMR. Moreover, the raw material used can be confirmed by analyzing the extract of the polyamic acid by the strong alkali aqueous solution, such as KOH and NaOH, or the decomposition product of this derivative by the organic solvent by GC, HPLC or GC-MS. .
  • An additive such as an alkenyl-substituted nadiimide compound, a compound having a radical polymerizable unsaturated double bond, an oxazine compound, an oxazoline compound, an epoxy compound, or a silane coupling agent may be contained as necessary.
  • Such additives are described in detail in paragraphs 0120 to 0231 of JP2013-242526A.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent may further contain a solvent from the viewpoint of the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent and the adjustment of the concentration of the polyamic acid or this derivative.
  • a solvent from the viewpoint of the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent and the adjustment of the concentration of the polyamic acid or this derivative.
  • Any solvent can be used without particular limitation as long as it has the ability to dissolve the polymer component.
  • the solvent includes a wide variety of solvents usually used in the production process and applications of polymer components such as polyamic acid and soluble polyimide, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use.
  • the solvent may be one type or a mixed solvent of two or more types.
  • the solvent examples include a polyamic acid or a parent solvent of this derivative, and other solvents for the purpose of improving coating properties.
  • aprotic polar organic solvent that is a parent solvent for polyamic acid or its derivatives
  • examples of the aprotic polar organic solvent that is a parent solvent for polyamic acid or its derivatives include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylimidazolidinone, N-methylcaprolactam, N-methylpropionamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide Lactones such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, diethylacetamide, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
  • solvents for improving coating properties include alkyl lactate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, tetralin, isophorone, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, etc.
  • the solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylimidazolidinone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, or dipropylene glycol monomethyl. Ether is particularly preferred.
  • the concentration of polyamic acid in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 0.1 to 40% by weight.
  • an operation of diluting the contained polyamic acid with a solvent in advance may be required to adjust the film thickness.
  • the solid content concentration in the aligning agent is not particularly limited, and an optimum value may be selected according to the following various coating methods.
  • the content is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the varnish weight.
  • a liquid crystal aligning film is formed by heating the coating film of a liquid crystal aligning agent.
  • a liquid crystal aligning film can be obtained by the normal method of producing a liquid crystal aligning film from a liquid crystal aligning agent.
  • a liquid crystal aligning film can be obtained by passing through the process of forming the coating film of a liquid crystal aligning agent, the process of drying by heating, and the process of baking by heating.
  • a coating film can be formed by apply
  • the substrate include a glass substrate on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode, an IZO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) electrode, an IGZO (In—Ga—ZnO 4 ) electrode, a color filter, or the like may be provided. It is done.
  • a spinner method, a printing method, a dipping method, a dropping method, an ink jet method and the like are generally known.
  • the heat drying step a method of heat treatment in an oven or an infrared furnace, a method of heat treatment on a hot plate, and the like are generally known.
  • the heat drying step is preferably performed at a temperature within a range where the solvent can be evaporated, and more preferably at a relatively low temperature compared to the temperature in the heat baking step.
  • the heat drying temperature is preferably in the range of 30 ° C to 150 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 50 ° C to 120 ° C.
  • the heating and firing step can be performed under conditions necessary for the polyamic acid or this derivative to exhibit dehydration and ring closure reactions.
  • a method of heat treatment in an oven or an infrared furnace, a method of heat treatment on a hot plate, and the like are known. In general, it is preferably performed at a temperature of about 100 to 300 ° C. for 1 minute to 3 hours, more preferably 120 to 280 ° C., and still more preferably 150 to 250 ° C.
  • the formation method of the liquid crystal alignment film by the photo-alignment method is as follows. After drying the coating film of the liquid crystal aligning agent, anisotropy is imparted to the coating film by irradiating linearly polarized light or non-polarized light, and this coating film is heated and fired to form a film. it can. Alternatively, the film can be formed by irradiating linearly polarized light or non-polarized light after the coating film is dried by heating and baked. From the viewpoint of orientation, the radiation irradiation step is preferably performed before the heating and baking step.
  • the procedure for imparting liquid crystal alignment ability to the alignment film by light irradiation is as follows.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied to a substrate, dried by preheating, and then irradiated with ultraviolet linearly polarized light through a polarizing plate, the reactive group on the polymer chain that is substantially parallel to the polarization direction is light-emitted.
  • the polymer chain is dominated by components oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet light.
  • the substrate is heated to dehydrate and ring the polyamic acid to form a polyimide film, and then an element is assembled using this substrate.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the direction of the polymer chain. Accordingly, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned with their major axes aligned in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction.
  • the step of irradiating the film with ultraviolet linearly polarized light may be before the heating step for the formation of polyimide, or may be after the formation of polyimide by heating.
  • radiation linearly polarized light or non-polarized light can be irradiated while heating the coating film. Irradiation may be performed in a step of heating and drying the coating film or a step of heating and baking, or may be performed between the heating and drying step and the heating and baking step.
  • the heating and drying temperature in this step is preferably in the range of 30 ° C to 150 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 50 ° C to 120 ° C.
  • the heating and baking temperature in the step is preferably in the range of 30 ° C to 300 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 50 ° C to 250 ° C.
  • ultraviolet light or visible light containing light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm can be used, but ultraviolet light containing light of 300 to 400 nm is preferable.
  • linearly polarized light or non-polarized light can be used. These lights are not particularly limited as long as they can impart a liquid crystal alignment ability to the coating film, but linearly polarized light is preferable when it is desired to exert a strong alignment regulating force on the liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film can exhibit high liquid crystal alignment ability even with low energy light irradiation.
  • the irradiation amount of linearly polarized light in the radiation irradiation step is preferably 0.05 to 20 J / cm2, and more preferably 0.5 to 10 J / cm2.
  • the wavelength of linearly polarized light is preferably 200 to 400 nm, and more preferably 300 to 400 nm.
  • the irradiation angle of the linearly polarized light with respect to the film surface is not particularly limited. However, in order to develop a strong alignment regulating force with respect to the liquid crystal, it is preferable to be as perpendicular as possible to the film surface from the viewpoint of shortening the alignment treatment time.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film can align liquid crystal molecules in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light by irradiating the linearly polarized light.
  • the light applied to the film may be linearly polarized light or non-polarized light as described above.
  • the amount of light irradiation is preferably 0.05 to 20 J / cm 2, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 J / cm 2, and this wavelength is preferably 250 to 400 nm, particularly preferably 300 to 380 nm.
  • the irradiation angle of the light with respect to the film surface is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 60 degrees from the viewpoint of shortening the alignment treatment time.
  • Ultra-high pressure mercury lamp high pressure mercury lamp, low pressure mercury lamp, deep UV lamp, halogen lamp, metal halide lamp, high power metal halide lamp, xenon lamp, mercury xenon lamp, excimer lamp, KrF excimer laser Fluorescent lamps, LED lamps, sodium lamps, microwave excitation electrodeless lamps, and the like can be used without limitation.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 300 nm, and more preferably 30 to 150 nm. This film thickness can be measured by a known film thickness measuring device such as a step meter or an ellipsometer.
  • the alignment film has a particularly large anisotropy of alignment.
  • the magnitude of such anisotropy can be evaluated by the polarization infrared method described in JP-A-2005-275364. Further, as shown in the following examples, it can be evaluated by ellipsometry.
  • An alignment film having a larger film anisotropy is considered to have a larger alignment regulating force on the liquid crystal composition.
  • the liquid crystal layer is formed in a form in which the liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
  • a spacer such as fine particles or a resin sheet that is interposed between a pair of substrates to form an appropriate interval can be used as necessary.
  • the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. The invention is not limited by these examples.
  • the present invention includes a mixture of the composition of Composition Example M1 and the composition of Composition Example M2.
  • the present invention also includes a mixture in which at least two of the compositions of the composition examples are mixed.
  • the synthesized compound was identified by a method such as NMR analysis. The characteristics of the compound, composition, and device were measured by the methods described below.
  • NMR analysis DRX-500 manufactured by Bruker BioSpin Corporation was used for measurement.
  • the sample was dissolved in a deuterated solvent such as CDCl 3, and the measurement was performed at room temperature, 500 MHz, and 16 times of integration.
  • Tetramethylsilane was used as an internal standard.
  • CFCl 3 was used as an internal standard and the number of integrations was 24.
  • s is a singlet
  • d is a doublet
  • t is a triplet
  • q is a quartet
  • quint is a quintet
  • sex is a sextet
  • m is a multiplet
  • br is broad.
  • GC-14B gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used for measurement.
  • the carrier gas is helium (2 mL / min).
  • the sample vaporization chamber was set at 280 ° C, and the detector (FID) was set at 300 ° C.
  • capillary column DB-1 (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m; stationary liquid phase is dimethylpolysiloxane; nonpolar) manufactured by Agilent Technologies Inc. was used.
  • the column was held at 200 ° C. for 2 minutes and then heated to 280 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C./min.
  • a sample was prepared in an acetone solution (0.1% by weight), and 1 ⁇ L thereof was injected into the sample vaporizing chamber.
  • the recorder is a C-R5A Chromatopac manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation or an equivalent thereof.
  • the obtained gas chromatogram showed the peak retention time and peak area corresponding to the component compounds.
  • capillary column As a solvent for diluting the sample, chloroform, hexane or the like may be used.
  • the following capillary column may be used.
  • HP-1 from Agilent Technologies Inc. (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), Rtx-1 from Restek Corporation (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m), BP-1 (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m) manufactured by SGE International Pty.
  • a capillary column CBP1-M50-025 length 50 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m
  • Shimadzu Corporation may be used.
  • the ratio of the liquid crystal compound contained in the composition may be calculated by the following method.
  • a liquid crystal compound (mixture) is detected by a gas chromatograph (FID).
  • the area ratio of peaks in the gas chromatogram corresponds to the ratio (weight ratio) of liquid crystal compounds.
  • the correction coefficient of each liquid crystal compound may be regarded as 1. Therefore, the ratio (% by weight) of the liquid crystal compound can be calculated from the peak area ratio.
  • Measurement sample When measuring the characteristics of the composition or the device, the composition was used as it was as a sample.
  • a sample for measurement was prepared by mixing this compound (15% by weight) with mother liquid crystals (85% by weight). The characteristic value of the compound was calculated from the value obtained by the measurement by extrapolation.
  • (Extrapolated value) ⁇ (Measured value of sample) ⁇ 0.85 ⁇ (Measured value of mother liquid crystal) ⁇ / 0.15.
  • the ratio of the compound and the mother liquid crystal is 10% by weight: 90% by weight, 5% by weight: 95% by weight, 1% by weight: 99% by weight in this order. changed.
  • the maximum temperature, optical anisotropy, viscosity, and dielectric anisotropy values for the compound were determined.
  • the following mother liquid crystals were used.
  • the ratio of the component compounds is shown by weight%.
  • Measurement method The characteristics were measured by the following method. Many of these methods have been modified by the methods described in the JEITA standards (JEITA ED-2521B) deliberated by the Japan Electronics and Information Industry Association (JEITA). Was the way. No thin film transistor (TFT) was attached to the TN device used for the measurement.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • nematic phase (NI; ° C.): A sample was placed on a hot plate of a melting point measuring apparatus equipped with a polarizing microscope and heated at a rate of 1 ° C./min. The temperature was measured when a part of the sample changed from a nematic phase to an isotropic liquid.
  • the upper limit temperature of the nematic phase may be abbreviated as “upper limit temperature”.
  • T C Minimum temperature of nematic phase
  • a sample having a nematic phase is placed in a glass bottle and placed in a freezer at 0 ° C., ⁇ 10 ° C., ⁇ 20 ° C., ⁇ 30 ° C., and ⁇ 40 ° C. for 10 days. After storage, the liquid crystal phase was observed. For example, when the sample remained in a nematic phase at ⁇ 20 ° C. and changed to a crystalline or smectic phase at ⁇ 30 ° C., the TC was described as ⁇ 20 ° C.
  • the lower limit temperature of the nematic phase may be abbreviated as “lower limit temperature”.
  • Viscosity Bulk viscosity; ⁇ ; measured at 20 ° C .; mPa ⁇ s: An E-type viscometer manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement.
  • Viscosity (rotational viscosity; ⁇ 1; measured at 25 ° C .; mPa ⁇ s): The measurement was performed according to the method described in M. ⁇ Imai et al., Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 259, 37 (1995). I followed. A sample was put in a VA device having a distance (cell gap) between two glass substrates of 20 ⁇ m. This element was applied stepwise in increments of 1 volt within a range of 39 to 50 volts. After no application for 0.2 seconds, the application was repeated under the condition of only one rectangular wave (rectangular pulse; 0.2 seconds) and no application (2 seconds).
  • the dielectric constants ( ⁇ and ⁇ ) were measured as follows. 1) Measurement of dielectric constant ( ⁇ ): An ethanol (20 mL) solution of octadecyltriethoxysilane (0.16 mL) was applied to a well-cleaned glass substrate. The glass substrate was rotated with a spinner and then heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. A sample was put in a VA element in which the distance between two glass substrates (cell gap) was 4 ⁇ m, and the element was sealed with an adhesive that was cured with ultraviolet rays.
  • Sine waves (0.5 V, 1 kHz) were applied to the device, and after 2 seconds, the dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) in the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured.
  • 2) Measurement of dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) A polyimide solution was applied to a well-cleaned glass substrate. After baking this glass substrate, the obtained alignment film was rubbed. A sample was put in a TN device in which the distance between two glass substrates (cell gap) was 9 ⁇ m and the twist angle was 80 degrees. Sine waves (0.5 V, 1 kHz) were applied to the device, and after 2 seconds, the dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured.
  • Threshold voltage (Vth; measured at 25 ° C .; V): An LCD5100 luminance meter manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement.
  • the light source was a halogen lamp.
  • a sample is placed in a normally black mode VA element in which the distance between two glass substrates (cell gap) is 4 ⁇ m and the rubbing direction is anti-parallel, and an adhesive that cures the element with ultraviolet rays is used. And sealed.
  • the voltage (60 Hz, rectangular wave) applied to this element was increased stepwise from 0V to 20V by 0.02V.
  • the device was irradiated with light from the vertical direction, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured.
  • a voltage-transmittance curve was created in which the transmittance was 100% when the light amount reached the maximum and the transmittance was 0% when the light amount was the minimum.
  • the threshold voltage was expressed as a voltage when the transmittance reached 10%.
  • VHR-1 Voltage holding ratio
  • the TN device used for the measurement had a polyimide alignment film, and the distance between two glass substrates (cell gap) was 5 ⁇ m. . This element was sealed with an adhesive that was cured with ultraviolet rays after the sample was placed.
  • the TN device was charged by applying a pulse voltage (60 microseconds at 5 V).
  • the decaying voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds with a high-speed voltmeter, and the area A between the voltage curve and the horizontal axis in a unit cycle was determined.
  • Area B was the area when it was not attenuated.
  • the voltage holding ratio was expressed as a percentage of area A with respect to area B.
  • VHR-2 Voltage holding ratio (VHR-2; measured at 80 ° C .;%): The voltage holding ratio was measured in the same procedure as above except that it was measured at 80 ° C. instead of 25 ° C. The obtained value was expressed as VHR-2.
  • VHR-3 Voltage holding ratio
  • the TN device used for the measurement had a polyimide alignment film, and the cell gap was 5 ⁇ m.
  • a sample was injected into this element and irradiated with light for 20 minutes.
  • the light source was an ultra high pressure mercury lamp USH-500D (manufactured by USHIO), and the distance between the element and the light source was 20 cm.
  • a decaying voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds.
  • a composition having a large VHR-3 has a large stability to ultraviolet light.
  • VHR-3 is preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more.
  • VHR-4 Voltage holding ratio
  • the TN device injected with the sample was heated in a constant temperature bath at 80 ° C. for 500 hours, and then the voltage holding ratio was measured to determine the stability against heat. Evaluated. In the measurement of VHR-4, a voltage decaying for 16.7 milliseconds was measured. A composition having a large VHR-4 has a large stability to heat.
  • Response time is the time required to change the transmittance from 10% to 90% (rise time; rise time; millisecond) and the time required to change the transmittance from 90% to 10% (fall time; fall) time (milliseconds).
  • the response time is preferably 60 ms or less, more preferably 40 ms or less.
  • Elastic constant (K11: spray elastic constant, K33: bend elastic constant; measured at 25 ° C .; pN):
  • an EC-1 type elastic constant measuring instrument manufactured by Toyo Corporation was used. Using. A sample was put in a vertical alignment cell in which the distance between two glass substrates (cell gap) was 20 ⁇ m. A 20 to 0 volt charge was applied to the cell, and the capacitance and applied voltage were measured. Fitting the measured values of capacitance (C) and applied voltage (V) using “Liquid Crystal Device Handbook” (Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun), formulas (2.98) and (2.101) on page 75 The value of the elastic constant was obtained from the formula (2.100).
  • Flicker rate (measured at 25 ° C .;%): A multimedia display tester 3298F manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation was used for measurement. The light source was an LED. A sample was put in the FFS element produced in the examples described later. The device was sealed using an adhesive that was cured with ultraviolet light. A voltage was applied to this element, and the voltage at which the amount of light transmitted through the element was maximized was measured. While applying this voltage to the element, the sensor portion was brought close to the element, and the displayed flicker rate was read. The flicker rate is preferably 2% or less, and more preferably 1% or less.
  • Weight average molecular weight (Mw) The weight average molecular weight of the polyamic acid was measured by GPC method using a 2695 separation module / 2414 differential refractometer (manufactured by Waters) and calculated by polystyrene conversion.
  • the column was HSPgel RT MB-M (manufactured by Waters), and the measurement was performed under the conditions of a column temperature of 50 ° C. and a flow rate of 0.40 mL / min using the mixed solution as a developing agent.
  • As the standard polystyrene TSK standard polystyrene manufactured by Tosoh Corporation was used.
  • Pretilt angle A spectroscopic ellipsometer M-2000U (manufactured by JAWoollam Co. Inc.) was used to measure the pretilt angle.
  • volume resistivity ( ⁇ ; measured at 25 ° C .; ⁇ ⁇ cm) A polyimide film was formed on the entire glass substrate with ITO, and Al was vapor-deposited on the alignment film surface of the substrate to form an upper electrode (electrode area 0.23 cm 2 ). A voltage of 3 V was applied between the ITO electrode and the upper electrode, and the volume resistivity was calculated from the current value after 300 seconds.
  • d is the film thickness of the polyimide film
  • ⁇ 0 the vacuum dielectric constant
  • S the electrode area.
  • the compounds in Examples were represented by symbols based on the definitions in Table 3 below.
  • Table 3 the configuration regarding 1,4-cyclohexylene is trans.
  • the number in parentheses after the symbol corresponds to the compound number.
  • the symbol ( ⁇ ) means other liquid crystal compounds.
  • the ratio (percentage) of the liquid crystal compound is a weight percentage (% by weight) based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the mixture was mixed at /7.0 to obtain PA25.
  • PA43 was prepared from a polyamic acid solution (PA26) having a polymer solid concentration of 6% by weight by changing the types of component [A] and component [B] and the mixing ratio of [A] / [B]. The results are summarized in Table 6.
  • the additive (Ad1) was added to the polyamic acid solution (PA3) having a polymer solid concentration of 6% by weight prepared in Synthesis Example 3 at a ratio of 5% by weight based on the weight of the polymer solids. Let the obtained polyamic acid solution be PA44. Additives (Ad2) to (Ad4) were added to the polyamic acid solution to prepare (PA48) from the polyamic acid solution (PA45). The results are summarized in Table 7. In addition, the abbreviation of the additive such as Ad1 is described in the item (22).
  • the rotation speed of the spinner was adjusted according to the viscosity of the liquid crystal aligning agent so that the alignment film had the following film thickness.
  • This coating film was heated and dried at 70 ° C. for 80 seconds on a hot plate (manufactured by AS ONE Corporation, EC hot plate (EC-1200N)).
  • a hot plate manufactured by AS ONE Corporation, EC hot plate (EC-1200N)
  • the substrate was irradiated with ultraviolet linearly polarized light from the vertical direction through the polarizing plate.
  • the exposure energy at this time is 2.0 ⁇ 0.1 J / cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm by measuring the amount of light using a UV integrated light meter UIT-150 (receiver UVD-S365) manufactured by USHIO INC. The exposure time was adjusted. Subsequently, heat treatment was performed at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes in a clean oven (manufactured by ESPEC CORP., Clean oven (PVHC-231)) to form an alignment film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ 10 nm.
  • a clean oven manufactured by ESPEC CORP., Clean oven (PVHC-231)
  • a liquid crystal aligning agent was obtained.
  • an FFS liquid crystal display element was produced by a method according to Example 1.
  • the liquid crystal compositions prepared in Composition Examples M2 to M13 were injected into this device, and the response time and flicker rate were measured. The results are summarized in Table 8.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent was applied to a glass substrate with a column spacer and a glass substrate with an ITO electrode by a spinner (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd., spin coater (1H-DX2)). This coating film was heated and dried at 70 ° C. for 80 seconds on a hot plate (manufactured by AS ONE Corporation, EC hot plate (EC-1200N)).
  • the substrate was irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light from a vertical direction through a polarizing plate.
  • the exposure energy at this time is 0.7 ⁇ 0.1 J / cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm when the light intensity is measured using a UV integrated light meter UIT-150 (receiver UVD-S365) manufactured by USHIO INC.
  • the exposure time was adjusted.
  • the substrate was heated to 50 ° C. during UV exposure.
  • the irradiation of ultraviolet rays was performed in air at room temperature by covering the entire apparatus with an ultraviolet ray preventing film.
  • the film was heat-treated at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes in a clean oven (manufactured by ESPEC Corporation, clean oven (PVHC-231)) to form an alignment film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ 10 nm.
  • a liquid crystal aligning agent was obtained.
  • a liquid crystal display device was produced by the method according to Example 22 using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
  • the liquid crystal compositions prepared in Composition Examples M10 to M13 were injected into this device, and the response time and flicker rate were measured. The results are summarized in Table 8.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent was applied to a glass substrate with a column spacer and a glass substrate with an ITO electrode by a spinner (manufactured by Mikasa Co., Ltd., spin coater (1H-DX2)). This coating film was heated and dried at 70 ° C. for 80 seconds on a hot plate (manufactured by AS ONE Corporation, EC hot plate (EC-1200N)).
  • UV lamp UV lamp (UVL-1500M2-N1) manufactured by Ushio Electric Co., Ltd.
  • the exposure energy at this time is 1.0 ⁇ 0.1 J / cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm by measuring the amount of light using a UV integrated light meter UIT-150 (receiver UVD-S365) manufactured by USHIO INC.
  • the exposure time was adjusted.
  • the irradiation of ultraviolet rays was performed in air at room temperature by covering the entire apparatus with an ultraviolet ray preventing film. Subsequently, the film was heat-treated at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes in a clean oven (manufactured by ESPEC Corporation, clean oven (PVHC-231)) to form an alignment film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ 10 nm.
  • a liquid crystal display element was produced by the method according to Example 26 using the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
  • the liquid crystal compositions prepared in Composition Examples M10 to M13 were injected into this device, and the response time and flicker rate were measured. The results are summarized in Table 8.
  • the substrate was irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light from a vertical direction through a polarizing plate.
  • the exposure energy at this time is 2.0 ⁇ 0.1 J / cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm by measuring the amount of light using a UV integrated light meter UIT-150 (receiver UVD-S365) manufactured by USHIO INC.
  • the exposure time was adjusted.
  • heat treatment was performed at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes in a clean oven (manufactured by ESPEC CORP., Clean oven (PVHC-231)) to form an alignment film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ 10 nm.
  • NMP / BC 4/1 (weight ratio) for each of polyamic acid solutions (PA41), (PA44), (PA44), (PA41), (PA33), and (PA43) having a polymer solid concentration of 6% by weight
  • a liquid crystal aligning agent was prepared by diluting to a polymer solid content concentration of 4% by weight.
  • an FFS liquid crystal display element was produced by a method according to Example 1.
  • the liquid crystal compositions prepared in Composition Examples M4 to M8 were injected into this device, and response time and flicker rate were measured. The results are summarized in Table 8.
  • the type of liquid crystal composition injected into the FFS element was entered.
  • These are the liquid crystal compositions prepared in Composition Example M1 to Composition Example M13.
  • the maximum temperature (NI) is in the range of 70.9 ° C to 98.5 ° C.
  • the optical anisotropy ( ⁇ n) is in the range of 0.084 to 0.129.
  • the dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) is in the range of ⁇ 2.0 to ⁇ 4.7.
  • the viscosity ( ⁇ ) is in the range of 15.8 mPa ⁇ s to 29.9 mPa ⁇ s. In this way, 13 kinds of liquid crystal compositions having different characteristics were injected into liquid crystal display elements having different kinds of alignment films, and the response time and flicker rate of the elements were measured.
  • the response time is short.
  • the response time is preferably 60 ms or less, more preferably 40 ms or less.
  • a smaller flicker rate is preferable.
  • the flicker rate is preferably 2% or less, and more preferably 1% or less.
  • the response times of Examples 1 to 34 ranged from 29.9 ms to 59.4 ms, and the flicker rate ranged from 0.24% to 0.75%. These values were in a more preferable range. From these results, it can be said that the response time and the flicker rate can be kept within such optimum ranges in the liquid crystal composition and the alignment film, although the types of components are very different. This is the first feature of the present invention that should be noted.
  • the flicker rate was 0.7% or more.
  • the response times of these devices were 31.3 ms, 30.4 ms, and 31.7 ms, respectively. These results show that the flicker rate is small even in an element having a short response time. This is the second feature of the present invention that should be noted.
  • the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a long lifetime, and a small flicker ratio. Therefore, this element can be used for a liquid crystal projector, a liquid crystal television, and the like.

Abstract

　La présente invention se rapporte à un élément d'affichage à cristaux liquides présentant des caractéristiques telles qu'un temps de réponse court, un taux élevé de rétention de tension, une tension de seuil basse, un rapport de contraste élevé, une longue durée de vie et une faible vitesse de scintillement. L'élément d'affichage à cristaux liquides comprend : un groupe d'électrodes formé sur un ou sur les deux substrats d'une paire de substrats positionnés l'un en face de l'autre ; une pluralité d'éléments actifs connectés au groupe d'électrodes ; des films d'alignement de cristaux liquides formés sur les surfaces respectives se faisant face de la paire de substrats ; et une composition de cristaux liquides prise en sandwich entre la paire de substrats.
PCT/JP2015/053747 2014-03-28 2015-02-12 Élément d'affichage à cristaux liquides WO2015146330A1 (fr)

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KR1020167020768A KR20160138948A (ko) 2014-03-28 2015-02-12 액정 표시 소자
JP2016510106A JP6893784B2 (ja) 2014-03-28 2015-02-12 液晶表示素子
EP15768285.7A EP3125033B1 (fr) 2014-03-28 2015-02-12 Dispositif d'affichage à base de cristaux liquides
US15/122,175 US10041000B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2015-02-12 Liquid crystal display device
CN201580010146.7A CN106164758A (zh) 2014-03-28 2015-02-12 液晶显示元件

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CN108474982A (zh) * 2016-01-07 2018-08-31 夏普株式会社 液晶显示装置以及液晶显示装置的制造方法
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JPWO2015146330A1 (ja) 2017-04-13
TWI663248B (zh) 2019-06-21
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CN106164758A (zh) 2016-11-23
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KR20160138948A (ko) 2016-12-06

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