WO2015143895A1 - 一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用 - Google Patents

一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2015143895A1
WO2015143895A1 PCT/CN2014/093547 CN2014093547W WO2015143895A1 WO 2015143895 A1 WO2015143895 A1 WO 2015143895A1 CN 2014093547 W CN2014093547 W CN 2014093547W WO 2015143895 A1 WO2015143895 A1 WO 2015143895A1
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feed additive
environmental pollution
effect
parts
reducing
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PCT/CN2014/093547
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French (fr)
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郑文才
黄冠庆
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郑文才
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements

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  • the invention belongs to the field of animal feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • animal husbandry In the process of building a nuclear well-off society, animal husbandry has developed into an important pillar industry for agriculture and the rural economy. With the acceleration of the modernization of animal husbandry, especially the establishment and improvement of the nuclear market economy, animal husbandry has become the main way for farmers to increase their income. With the high intensification and large-scale breeding of animal husbandry, the production operation procedures are simple, mechanization and automatic management are applied, which greatly reduces the heavy manual labor and effectively improves the labor production efficiency. With the continuous expansion of scale farming, environmental problems caused by large-scale farms such as Qianniu Farm, Wantou Pig Farm and Million Chicken Farm have attracted people's attention. In particular, these large-scale farms are often built in the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities and urban and rural areas.
  • the main components of livestock and poultry excreta are nitrogenous compounds, calcium, phosphorus, crude fiber, other trace elements and certain drugs.
  • the content of various components varies with livestock and poultry varieties, feed ingredients and formula, and feed methods.
  • the harmful components will be polluted by the feces and will cause serious environmental pollution such as the atmosphere, water and soil.
  • the specific forms include the following:
  • Emission of ammonia nitrogen causes environmental acidification through leakage deposition, which reduces the activity of soil microorganisms, dissolves nutrients in the soil, causes soil depletion, and affects the healthy growth of plants;
  • Pathogens and bacteria discharged with feces are discharged into rivers and lakes with surface water, affecting the survival of fish, shrimp and shellfish, and may also affect human health through water source pollution and mosquito transmission;
  • Livestock and poultry manure is applied as organic fertilizer to farmland to help crop growth, but long-term use may lead to the accumulation of phosphorus, copper, zinc and other trace elements and drugs in the soil, resulting in toxic effects on crops. It seriously affects the growth and development of crops and reduces crop yield. What is more serious is that once the soil is contaminated, the content of these harmful substances in the agricultural products will be greatly increased, and finally enter the human body or animal body through the food chain, causing harm.
  • NH 3 is highly irritating and has strong irritation to the nose and throat. It can cause tears in humans and animals. Entering the blood through the lungs can damage hemoglobin and cause coma, paralysis and even poisoning in young animals.
  • H 2 S is the most harmful fecal gas, affecting the eyes and respiratory tract of livestock and humans; the harm of CO 2 is to replace O 2 in the air, so that the content of CO 2 is increased, causing human and animal coma to die. And will aggravate the greenhouse effect; CH 4 is a harmful gas emitted by ruminants and has been recognized as an important gas after global warming caused by CO 2 .
  • feed additives In order to reduce the environmental pollution of livestock and poultry farming, it is a feasible method to use feed additives to improve the content of fecal components and reduce their environmental pollution from the source.
  • some related technologies have been publicly reported, such as the Chinese patent No. 201310046045.8, which discloses an increase in the amount of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide released by the compounding of Chinese herbal medicine extract and other components.
  • the feed additive for pigs with immunity and deodorizing effect, the feed additive for pigs has the advantages of reducing harmful gas emissions, but the components are complicated and the preparation cost is high.
  • the current feed additives generally have the disadvantages of complex components, high preparation cost, easy drug residue, slow effect and poor palatability of feed.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution, wherein the feed additive is compounded according to a certain ratio of organic acid and organic iron, and can be improved by a joint action.
  • the digestion and utilization of protein in livestock and poultry feeds reduces the emission of harmful gases such as NH 3 , H 2 S, skatole, CH 4 and CO 2 , reduces the content of nitrogen compounds in feces, and reduces pollution to the ecological environment. damage;
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution
  • a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution comprising the following components by weight: milk 5-8 parts of acid; 1-2 parts of citric acid; 0.1-0.2 parts of ferrous fumarate.
  • a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution prepared by the following weighting components: 5-8 parts of lactic acid; 1-2 parts of citric acid; 0.1-0.2 parts of ferrous fumarate; total weight basis 100 parts, the balance is the carrier.
  • the carrier is at least one of white carbon black, diatomaceous earth, zeolite powder, sepiolite, bentonite, medical stone, light calcium carbonate, defatted bone powder or shell powder;
  • the carrier is silica.
  • a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution is prepared from the following components by weight: 6 parts of lactic acid, 1.5 parts of citric acid, 0.15 parts of ferrous fumarate, and 92.35 parts of carrier; It is white carbon black.
  • the preparation method of the above feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution comprises the following steps: mixing lactic acid and a carrier to carry out carrier adsorption; adding citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and mixing uniformly, that is, having the environmental pollution reduction The effect of feed additives.
  • the application of the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution reduces environmental pollution in chicken breeding
  • the above-mentioned application of the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution to reduce environmental pollution in livestock and poultry breeding is preferably: in livestock and poultry breeding, 0.5 to 2 kg of the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution is added per ton of compound feed.
  • the invention combines lactic acid, citric acid, ferrous fumarate and carrier into a feed additive, and is added to a mixed feed for livestock and poultry breeding, which can effectively promote the growth of livestock and poultry and reduce the content of undigested protein in feces.
  • livestock and poultry breeding can effectively promote the growth of livestock and poultry and reduce the content of undigested protein in feces.
  • the feed additive of the invention can increase the number of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria in the animal feces, reduce the number of coliform bacteria, reduce the content of nitrogen compounds in the feces, greatly reduce the fermentation of harmful bacteria to the feces, and reduce the animal farm.
  • the emission of non-ammonia nitrogenous substances in the interior improves the housing and the surrounding environment.
  • Adding the feed additive of the invention to the compounded feed can promote the digestion and absorption of protein and fat in the diet, reduce the content of urea nitrogen in the blood, and effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen-containing substances. Improve the impact on the environment and promote the establishment of environmentally friendly and green animal husbandry.
  • the invention has few components, abundant sources, low cost, simple preparation process and remarkable effect of applying emission reduction.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of feed additives on the excrement flora of broilers in the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view showing the effect of the feed additive of the present invention on the intestinal lactic acid bacteria of broilers.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the effect of the feed additive of the present invention on the intestinal coliforms of broilers.
  • a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution, the composition and content thereof being as follows: 5 parts by weight of lactic acid, 1 part by weight of citric acid, 0.1 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance being white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: first weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and then mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and fully mixing, thereby obtaining the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution.
  • Feed additive When applied to livestock and poultry farming, the addition of 2kg per ton of compound feed has the effect of reducing environmental pollution. Feed additive.
  • a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution, the composition and content thereof being as follows: 8 parts by weight of lactic acid, 2 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.2 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance being white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: first weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and then mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and fully mixing, thereby obtaining the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution.
  • a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution, the composition and content thereof being as follows: 6 parts by weight of lactic acid, 1.5 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.15 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance being white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: first weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and then mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and fully mixing, thereby obtaining the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution.
  • a feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution, the composition and content thereof being as follows: 6 parts by weight of lactic acid, 1.5 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.15 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance being white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: first weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and then mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and fully mixing, thereby obtaining the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution.
  • the feed additive prepared in Example 4 was selected as the experimental raw material. Choose 160 healthy broilers with 1 day old health. Randomly divided into 4 groups, each group of 4 repeat units, 10 units per repeat, group A was a blank control group, fed the basic diet, group B, C and D were the experimental group, respectively fed on the basis of the basic diet Diets of feed additives prepared in Example 4 were added at a weight percentage of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. The test was conducted at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of Guangdong Ocean University from May to July 2011 for a test period of 6 weeks.
  • the additive premix is provided per kilogram of full price: VA 12500 IU; VD 3 3740 IU; VE 18.7 mg; VK 3 5.1 mg; VB 1 3.5 mg; VB 2 10.5 mg; VB 6 7.0 mg; VB 12 0.03 mg; Pantothenic acid 13.5 mg; niacin 60 mg; biotin 0.4 mg; folic acid 1.7 mg; choline chloride 500 mg; Fe 60 mg; Zn 87.5 mg; Mn 93 mg; Cu 10 mg.
  • test chickens were kept in the same chicken house, using three-stage feeding method; 1 to 2 weeks old infrared lamp insulation, online raising, free feeding, free drinking water, natural light, routine immunity.
  • the stocking density was 16/m 2 .
  • Fig. 1 The effect of the feed additive of the present invention on the excrement flora of broiler chickens is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 the number of lactic acid bacteria in group B, C and D is not much different from that in group A, but the number of coliform bacteria is small.
  • the reduction is as large as 1-2 orders of magnitude, which greatly reduces the fermentation rate of coliforms in the excrement.
  • a chicken feed formulation having different crude protein (CP) contents at each feeding period was designed, and the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution prepared in Example 4 prepared in a weight ratio of 0.1% was added.
  • a total of 240 AA broilers male and female mixed-Kebao 500 were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 repeating units with 8 replicates per unit. The test was carried out for 6 weeks (42 days).
  • Additive premix can be supplied per kilogram of full price: VA 12500 IU; VD 3 3740 IU; VE 18.7 mg; VK 3 5.1 mg; VB 1 3.5 mg; VB 2 10.5 mg; VB 6 7.0 mg; VB 12 0.03 mg Pantothenic acid 13.5 mg; niacin 60 mg; biotin 0.4 mg; folic acid 1.7 mg; choline chloride 500 mg; Fe 85 mg; Zn 55 mg; Mn 85 mg; Cu 8 mg.
  • the crude protein is the measured value, and the others are theoretical calculations.
  • test chickens were kept in the same chicken house, using three-stage feeding method; 1 to 2 weeks old infrared lamp insulation, three-layer cage, free feeding, free drinking water, natural light, routine immunization, feeding density 16/m 2 .
  • the addition of the feed additive of the present invention to the broiler diet can increase the number of lactic acid bacteria in the duodenum, the anterior segment of the jejunum and the posterior segment of the ileum.
  • the number of the D and C groups was lower than that of the A group.
  • Adding the feed additive of the present invention to the white feather broiler diet can increase the total blood protein content and trypsin activity of the broiler chickens at 21 and 42 days, and reduce the blood urea nitrogen of the broiler chickens at 21 and 42 days, indicating the feed of the present invention.
  • the Additives Division increases the utilization of feed protein by broilers and reduces nitrogen emissions. The reduction of non-protein nitrogen excreted in the feces has a good effect on improving the poultry house and the surrounding environment, and has good environmental value and ecological significance.
  • Adding the feed additive of the present invention to the white feather broiler diet can increase the blood glucose content and the disaccharidase activity of the 21st and 42nd day broilers, and the content of the triglyceride is decreased, indicating that the fat metabolism is accelerated, and more The lipids are converted to glucose, which is transported by blood to various organs and tissues to provide energy.
  • the addition of the feed additive of the present invention to the white feather broiler diet can increase the blood SOD activity of the 21st and 42 day old broilers, thereby improving the body's antioxidant capacity and enhancing health.
  • Adding the feed additive of the invention to the white feather broiler diet can adjust the number of coliform bacteria in the broiler chicken, ensure the intestinal environment has a good ecological environment, thereby promoting digestion and absorption of feed nutrients, reducing nutrient emissions in the feces, reducing the environment. Pollution.
  • the above advantages were more pronounced in the test group which reduced the crude protein of the feed by 1 to 2 percentage points. It is fully illustrated that the feed additive of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of feed nutrients and reduce the nutrient content of emissions.
  • Metabolic tests were used to determine the metabolic rate of nutrients in broilers aged 14-21 days and 35-42 days, respectively. At the age of 14 and 35 days, select "Kebao 500" broilers with normal growth, health and similar body weight. only.
  • Each phase of the assay was divided into 4 groups of 5 chickens each; the feeding schedules in each feeding period are shown in Table 7, and the diet composition and nutrient levels are shown in Table 8.
  • Additive premix can be supplied per kilogram of full price: VA 12500 IU; VD 3 3740 IU; VE 18.7 mg; VK 3 5.1 mg; VB 1 3.5 mg; VB 2 10.5 mg; VB 6 7.0 mg; VB 12 0.03 mg Pantothenic acid 13.5 mg; niacin 60 mg; biotin 0.4 mg; folic acid 1.7 mg; choline chloride 500 mg; Fe 85 mg; Zn 55 mg; Mn 85 mg; Cu 8 mg.
  • the crude protein is the measured value, and the others are theoretical calculations.
  • the chickens were kept in a standardized metabolic cage with a normal feeding and full-fee method, one chicken per cage, pre- The trial period is 3 days, the trial period is 4 days.
  • the feed intake of each chicken is counted every day during the trial period.
  • All excreta is collected every day.
  • the excrement collected every day is diluted with a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid and stored at low temperature. After the test, the weight is weighed.
  • the water, CP and crude fat (EE) contents of feed and excreta were measured, and the net protein utilization rate and crude fat metabolic rate were calculated. The results are shown in Table 9.
  • Net protein utilization (NPU)% (ingested crude protein - excreted crude protein) / ingested crude protein * 100%
  • Crude fat metabolic rate (EE)% (ingested crude fat - excrement crude fat) / ingested crude fat * 100%
  • Adding 0.1% by weight of the feed additive of the present invention to the AA broiler feed can promote net protein utilization and crude fat metabolism of the broiler in the feed, and perform better in the feed of the crude protein which reduces 1-2%.
  • the feed additive of the invention can improve the effective utilization of protein, save protein resources, and reduce the emission of protein substances, especially nitrogenous substances in the environment, and has a positive economic and ecological environment for building an environmentally friendly and green new animal husbandry. significance.

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Abstract

一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂及其制备方法与应用。所述饲料添加剂包含乳酸、柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁及饲料级的载体。所述饲料添加剂的制备步骤如下：取乳酸和载体混合，进行载体吸附；再加入柠檬酸及富马酸亚铁，搅拌混合均匀，即得。

Description

一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于动物饲料添加剂领域，具体涉及一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用。
背景技术
在建设社会主义小康过程中，畜牧业已发展成为农业和农村经济的重要支柱产业。随着畜牧业现代化发展的步伐加快，尤其是社会主义市场经济的建立和完善，畜牧业已经成为农民增收的主要途径。随着畜牧业高度集约化和规模化养殖，生产操作程序简单，机械化和自动化管理开始应用，大大减轻了繁重的体力劳动，有效地提高劳动生产效率。随着规模养殖的不断扩大，千头牛场、万头猪场、百万只鸡场等大型养殖场引起的环境问题引起人们的关注。尤其是这些规模化养殖场往往建在大中城市的近郊和城乡的结合部，由于相关的环境法规不健全和环保资金短缺，绝大多数养殖场在建场初期未考虑畜禽粪便处理。不少养殖场粪便就近随地堆积，污水任意排放，严重地污染了周围的环境，也直接影响着养殖场本身的卫生防疫，降低了畜禽产品的质量，不仅影响了畜禽养殖的整体效益，而且对人类环境的污染也越来越严重，以致成为重大的污染源。
畜禽排泄物中的主要成分有含氮化合物、钙、磷、粗纤维、其它微量元素及某些药物，各种成分的含量随畜禽品种、饲料原料及配方、饲料方式等不同而不同。其中的有害成分随粪便排出后将引起严重的大气、水源及土壤等环境污染，具体形式包括以下方面：
a.含氮化合物的渗透、不良气味的散发、硝酸盐的累积使空气及饮用水质量 下降；
b.氮、磷和有机物的渗漏富集，导致水体富营养化及酸化，消耗水体氧气并造成水藻大量繁殖，破坏水体的原生动植物结构；
c.排放的氨氮通过渗漏沉积导致环境酸化，会降低土壤微生物的活性，溶出土壤的营养元素，造成土壤贫瘠化，影响植物健康生长；
d.随粪便排放的病原体、细菌随地表水流排入河湖，影响鱼、虾及贝类的生存，也可能通过水源污染、蚊虫传播影响人体健康；
e.畜禽粪便作为有机肥施入农田，有助于作物生长，但长期使用，将可能导致磷、铜、锌及其它微量元素、药物在土壤中的富积，从而导致对作物产生毒害作用，严重影响作物的生长发育，使作物减产。更为严重的是，一旦土壤受到污染，这些有害物在农产品中的含量会有大幅度提高，最终通过食物链进入人体或动物体内，产生危害。
畜禽粪便发酵后会产生大量的NH3、H2S、粪臭素(又名：3-甲基吲哚)、CH4、CO2等有害气体，这些气体不但会导致动物应激，降低畜产品产量，而且排放在大气中会对人类健康、空气污染和地球湿室效应都有不良影响；同时大量畜禽粪便的产生和积聚也是滋生蚊蝇、细菌繁殖和传播疾病的传染源。所产生的有害气体的危害如下：NH3刺激性强，对鼻咽喉眼都有强烈的刺激，会使人畜流眼泪，通过肺进入血液会破坏血红蛋白、使幼畜禽产生昏迷、麻痹，甚至中毒死亡；H2S是最具危害性的粪便气体，对畜禽及人的眼、呼吸道影响大；CO2的危害是代替空气中的O2，使其中的CO2含量增多，使人畜昏迷致死，并会加剧温室效应；CH4是反刍动物排出的有害气体，已被认为是仅次于CO2引起全球变暖的重要气体。
另外，高密度集约化养殖引起畜禽群体抗病性下降，各种疫病的发生机会 大大增加，传播速度加快；各种疫病的发生使得抗生素和各种化学药物大量使用，造成抗药性提高和药物残留加重，导致畜产品质量下降，由此形成的恶性循环已成为影响我国畜产品出口的重要制约因素之一。
为减少畜禽养殖业对环境的污染，使用饲料添加剂改善粪便成分含量，从源头减少其对环境的污染，是一种可行的方法。目前，已公开报道了一些相关的技术，如申请号为201310046045.8的中国专利公开了一种通过中草药提取物及其它组分的复配，得到一种减少氨气和硫化氢释放量的、具有提高免疫力和除臭效果的猪用饲料添加剂，该猪用饲料添加剂具有减少有害气体排放的优点，但组分复杂，制备成本较高。
目前的饲料添加剂普遍存在组分复杂、制备成本高、易产生药物残留、见效慢及饲料适口性差等缺点。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，该饲料添加剂将有机酸和有机铁按照一定比例进行复配，通过联合作用，可提高配合饲料中蛋白质在畜禽体内的消化利用率，减少NH3、H2S、粪臭素、CH4、CO2等有害气体的排放，减少粪便中含氮化合物的含量，减少对生态环境的污染破坏；
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂的制备方法；
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，包含以下重量计份的组分：乳 酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份。
一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份；总重量计份100份，余量为载体。
优选的，所述载体为白炭黑、硅藻土、沸石粉、海泡石、膨润土、麦饭石、轻质碳酸钙、脱脂骨粉或贝壳粉中的一种以上；
更优选的，所述载体为白炭黑。
优选的，一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸6份，柠檬酸1.5份，富马酸亚铁0.15份，载体92.35份；所述载体为白炭黑。
上述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：取乳酸和载体混合，进行载体吸附；再加入柠檬酸及富马酸亚铁，搅拌混合均匀，即得所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中减少环境污染的应用；
优选的，所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂在鸡类养殖中减少环境污染的应用；
上述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中减少环境污染的应用，优选方案为：在畜禽养殖中，每吨的配合饲料添加0.5～2kg所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：
(1)本发明将乳酸、柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁和载体混合配制成饲料添加剂，添加到畜禽养殖配合饲料中使用，能有效促进畜禽生长，减少未消化蛋白在粪便中的含量，减少有害菌在体外对粪便的分解，改善畜禽养殖环境，减少对生态环境的影响及破坏。
(2)本发明所述饲料添加剂可以提高动物粪便中乳酸菌等有益菌的数量、减少大肠菌群的数量，同时减少粪便含氮化合物的含量，大大降低有害菌对于粪便的发酵，减少动物养殖场内非氨氮含氮物质的排放，改善畜舍和周围环境。
(3)将本发明所述饲料添加剂添加于配合饲料中混合使用，可以促进畜禽对日粮中蛋白质和脂肪的消化吸收，减少血液中尿素氮的含量，有效的减少含氮物质的排放，改善对环境的影响，促进环保绿色的畜牧业的建立。
(4)本发明成分少，来源丰富，成本低，且制备工艺简单，应用减排效果显著。
附图说明
图1为本发明饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡排泄物菌群的影响。
图2为本发明饲料添加剂对肉鸡各肠道乳酸菌的影响。
图3为本发明饲料添加剂对肉鸡各肠道大肠菌群的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸5重量份，柠檬酸1重量份，富马酸亚铁0.1重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
应用于畜禽养殖时，每吨配合饲料中的添加2kg所述具有减少环境污染效果 的饲料添加剂。
实施例2
一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸8重量份，柠檬酸2重量份，富马酸亚铁0.2重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
应用于畜禽养殖时，每吨配合饲料中的添加0.5kg所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
实施例3
一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸6重量份，柠檬酸1.5重量份，富马酸亚铁0.15重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
应用于畜禽养殖时，每吨配合饲料中的添加1kg所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
实施例4
一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸6重量份，柠檬酸1.5重量份，富马酸亚铁0.15重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
实施例5
1试验方案
选用实施例4制备得到的饲料添加剂为实验原料。选择1日龄健康“科宝500”肉仔鸡160只。随机分成4组，每组4个重复单元，每重复单元10只，A组为空白对照组，饲喂基础日粮，B、C和D组为试验组，分别饲喂在基础日粮基础上添加重量百分比为0.1％、0.3％和0.5％的实施例4制备的饲料添加剂的饲粮，试验于2011年5月至7月在广东海洋大学动物营养实验室进行试验，试验期6周。
表1基础日粮组成与营养水平(风干基础)    ％(重量)
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000001
添加剂预混料为每千克全价料提供:VA 12500IU；VD33740IU；VE 18.7mg；VK35.1mg；VB13.5mg；VB210.5mg；；VB67.0mg；；VB120.03mg；泛酸13.5mg；烟酸60mg；生物素0.4mg；叶酸1.7mg；氯化胆碱500mg；Fe 60mg；Zn 87.5mg；Mn 93mg；Cu 10mg。
试验鸡饲养于同一鸡舍中，采用三阶段的饲养方式；1～2周龄红外线灯保温，网上平养，自由采食，自由饮水，自然光照，常规免疫。饲养密度16只/m2。
测定的指标与测定方法：
(1)粪便的收集
在试验结束当天，收集4个试验组所有鸡的新鲜排泄物(粪和尿)，至于无菌样品袋中，并立即放入-20℃冰箱中保存。
(2)粪便中乳酸菌和大肠菌群的测定
将-20℃的样品置于45℃水浴10min，然后无菌取样，采用国家标准对各组重复样品中的乳酸菌和大肠菌群进行计数。
(3)粪便中蛋白质含量的测定
为了便于测定，将各组测定乳酸菌和大肠菌群后的所有样品混合均匀，并至于103℃烘干4h。将烘干样用凯氏定氮法测定N含量，然后转化为粗蛋白含量。
2试验结果与分析
2.1.本发明饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡排泄物菌群的影响如图1所示，从图1可以看出，B、C和D组乳酸菌的数量和A组相差不大，但大肠菌群的数量较对照组有明显减少，减少的幅度达到1～2个数量级，这就大大减少了大肠菌群在排泄物的发酵几率。
2.2本发明饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡排泄物粗蛋白含量的影响
表2本发明饲料添加剂对42日龄肉仔鸡排泄物粗蛋白含量的影响
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000002
注：同行上标字母完全不同者，表示差异显著(P<0.05)；含相同字母或未标字母者，表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，下同。
从表2可以看出：B、C和D组排泄物水分含量低于A组，这说明添加本发明所述饲料添加剂可以使肉鸡粪便成型率提高，便于清扫，保持禽舍内地面的清洁和卫生。B组鲜鸡排泄物粗蛋白含量比A组低2.86％，说明添加0.1％本发明所述饲料添加剂可以提高蛋白质的利用率。
3结论
在畜禽大肠段是大肠杆菌等有害菌发酵的集中地，未被机体利用的营养成分称为大肠菌群的培养基，发酵的产物就是氨、胺等有刺激性气味的有害气体， 甚至大肠菌群会分泌毒素，损害肠道壁的完整性。同样在大肠杆菌随粪便排到体外后，也会进行发酵，如果排泄物中大肠菌群的数量减少，而排泄物中蛋白含量的降低，也减少了大肠菌群繁殖的营养基础，所以大肠菌群繁殖的几率降低，产生的刺激性的气味也会较少，从而保证畜禽舍内环境的优良，减少畜禽呼吸道疾病的发生，减少用药。尤其是在冬天，畜禽舍内保温条件较好的情况下，这种效果显得尤为重要。
实施例6
1目的
本发明所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂对AA鸡营养物质消化吸收的影响。
设计各饲养时期不同粗蛋白(CP)含量的鸡饲料配方，添加重量比为0.1％的实施例4制备的本发明所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
2方案
2.1试验动物：
选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡(公母混合－科宝500)240只，随机分成5组，每组6个重复单元，每重复单元8只。试验6周(42天)。
2.2试验方案
各饲养时期中不同粗蛋白(CP)含量及实施例4制备的本发明所述饲料添加剂(表中简称添加剂，下同)的饲料配方的试验方案如表3所示：
表3各饲养时期饲料配方的试验方案
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000003
2.3基础日粮
各饲养时期基础日粮与营养水平的组分配方如表4所示：
表4基础日粮与营养水平(风干基础)    ％重量
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000004
1、添加剂预混料可为每千克全价料提供:VA 12500IU；VD33740IU；VE 18.7mg；VK35.1mg；VB13.5mg；VB210.5mg；VB67.0mg；VB120.03mg；泛酸13.5mg；烟酸60mg；生物素0.4mg；叶酸1.7mg；氯化胆碱500mg；Fe 85mg；Zn 55mg；Mn 85mg；Cu 8mg。
2、粗蛋白为实测值，其他均为理论计算值。
3饲养管理
试验鸡饲养于同一鸡舍中，采用三阶段的饲养方式；1～2周龄红外线灯保温，三层笼养、自由采食、自由饮水、自然光照、常规免疫，饲养密度16只/m2。
4测定指标与测定方法
于21和42日龄早上8:00，每组随机选取体重相近鸡6只(每重复1只)翅静脉采血2-3mL，待凝固即离心取血清，-20℃保存备用。用于测定血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖和甘油三酯的含量及SOD、胰蛋白酶和二糖(麦芽糖)酶的活力。
于42日龄早上8:00，每组随机选取体重相近鸡6只(每重复1只)快速屠宰，迅速取出全部小肠和盲肠于-20℃保存备用，用于测定肠道乳酸菌和大肠 菌群数量。
5试验结果
5.1本发明的饲料添加剂对21日龄肉鸡血液生化指标的影响如表5所示：
表5本发明的饲料添加剂对21d肉鸡血液生化指标的影响
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000005
表5的结果显示：21日龄各组肉鸡的血液生化指标均在正常范围。B、C和D组的血液总蛋白、葡萄糖、SOD的含量和胰蛋白酶及二糖(麦芽糖)酶的活性均比A组高；B、C和D组的血液尿素氮和甘油三酯含量均比A组低。
本发明的饲料添加剂对42日龄肉鸡血液生化指标的影响如表6所示：
表6本发明的饲料添加剂对42d肉鸡血液生化指标的影响
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000006
表6的结果显示：42日龄各组肉鸡的血液生化指标均在正常范围。且与21日结果相似，即B、C和D组的血液总蛋白、葡萄糖、SOD的含量和胰蛋白酶及二糖(麦芽糖)酶的活性均比A组高；B、C和D组的血液尿素氮和甘油三酯含量均比A组低。
5.2本发明的饲料添加剂对肉鸡肠道乳酸菌的影响如图2所示；本发明的饲料添 加剂对肉鸡肠道菌群的影响如图3所示。
从图2和图3可以看出，肉鸡日粮中添加本发明所述饲料添加剂可以增加十二指肠、空肠前段和回肠后段的乳酸菌的数量。十二指肠、空肠前段和回肠后段、盲肠的大肠菌群除B组外，D和C组的数量均低于A组。
6结论
在白羽肉鸡日粮中添加本发明所述的饲料添加剂可以提高21日和42日龄肉鸡血液总蛋白含量和胰蛋白酶活性，降低21日和42日龄肉鸡血液尿素氮，说明本发明所述饲料添加剂科提高肉鸡对饲料蛋白质的利用率，减少氮的排放。随粪便中排除的非蛋白氮减少，对改善禽舍及周围环境有很好的作用，具有很好的环保价值和生态意义。
在白羽肉鸡日粮中添加本发明所述的饲料添加剂可使21日和42日龄肉鸡血液葡萄糖含量和二糖酶活性均有提高，甘油三脂的含量均降低，说明脂肪代谢加速，更多的脂类转为葡萄糖，通过血液运输到各个器官和组织进行提供能量。
在白羽肉鸡日粮中添加本发明所述的饲料添加剂可使21日和42日龄肉鸡血液SOD活性，从而提高肌体抗氧化能力，增强健康。
在白羽肉鸡日粮中添加本发明所述的饲料添加剂可以调整肉鸡体内大肠菌群数量，保证肠道有良好的生态环境，从而促进饲料营养物质消化吸收，减少营养物质在粪中排放，减少环境污染。
尤其是，在降低饲料粗蛋白1～2个百分点的试验组中，上述优势更为明显。充分说明本发明所述饲料添加剂可提高饲料营养物质的利用率，降低排放物养分含量。
实施例7
1试验方案
用代谢试验分别测定14～21日龄和35～42日龄的肉鸡的营养物质代谢率，分别在14和35日龄时选择正常生长、健康、体重相近的“科宝500”肉仔鸡各20只。每期测定均分成4组，每组5只鸡；各饲养时期中的饲养方案如表7所示，日粮组成与营养水平如表8所示。
表7各饲养时期中不同粗蛋白(CP)含量的饲料配方的饲养方案
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000007
表8各饲养时期中基础日粮与营养水平(风干基础)    ％重量
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000008
1、添加剂预混料可为每千克全价料提供:VA 12500IU；VD33740IU；VE 18.7mg；VK35.1mg；VB13.5mg；VB210.5mg；VB67.0mg；VB120.03mg；泛酸13.5mg；烟酸60mg；生物素0.4mg；叶酸1.7mg；氯化胆碱500mg；Fe 85mg；Zn 55mg；Mn 85mg；Cu 8mg。
2、粗蛋白为实测值，其他均为理论计算值。
采用正常采食全收粪法，试验鸡饲养于规范的代谢笼中，每笼1只鸡，预 试期3d，正试期4d，正试期内每天统计每只鸡饲料摄入，每天收集全部排泄物，每天收集的排泄物加少量稀盐酸固氮，并低温保存，试验结束后称重，并测定饲料和排泄物水分、CP和粗脂肪(EE)含量，计算净蛋白利用率及粗脂肪代谢率，结果如表9所示。
净蛋白利用率(NPU)％＝(食入粗蛋白－排泄物粗蛋白)/食入粗蛋白*100％
粗脂肪代谢率(EE)％＝(食入粗脂肪－排泄物粗脂肪)/食入粗脂肪*100％
2试验结果
本发明所述的具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂对肉鸡蛋白和脂肪代谢的影响的试验结果如下表9所示：
表9本发明的饲料添加剂对肉鸡蛋白和脂肪代谢的影响    ％
Figure PCTCN2014093547-appb-000009
由表9结果分析可知：B、C和D组的净蛋白利用率在14～21d和35～42d均比A组高，其中在35～42d表现更佳，分别提高了2.84％、10.5％和14.44％。B、C和D组的EE代谢率在14～21d和35～42d均比A组高，其中在35～42d差异显著。
3结论
在AA肉鸡饲料中添加重量比为0.1％的本发明所述饲料添加剂，可促进肉鸡对饲料的净蛋白利用和粗脂肪代谢，在降低1～2个百分点的粗蛋白的饲料中表现更佳。说明本发明所述饲料添加剂可以提高蛋白质的有效利用，节省蛋白资源，同时减少蛋白类物质、尤其是含氮物质在环境中的排放，对于建造环保、绿色的新型畜牧业有积极的经济和生态意义。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替 代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其特征在于包含以下重量计份的组分：乳酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份。
  2. 一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其特征在于由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份；总重量计份100份，余量为载体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述载体为白炭黑、硅藻土、沸石粉、海泡石、膨润土、麦饭石、轻质碳酸钙、脱脂骨粉或贝壳粉中的一种以上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述载体为白炭黑。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂，其特征在于由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸6份，柠檬酸1.5份，富马酸亚铁0.15份，载体92.35份，总重量计份100份；所述载体为白炭黑。
  6. 一种根据权利要求3所述的具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：取乳酸和载体混合，进行载体吸附；再加入柠檬酸及富马酸亚铁，搅拌混合均匀，即得所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中减少环境污染的应用。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于：所述畜禽养殖为鸡类养殖。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于：在畜禽养殖中，每吨的配合饲料添加0.5～2kg所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
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CN101263870A (zh) * 2008-03-28 2008-09-17 宜兴市天石饲料有限公司 一种高效生物酸化剂及其制备方法

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CN101584417B (zh) * 2009-06-24 2011-12-14 河南雄峰科技有限公司 一种乳猪预混料以及使用该预混料制成的乳猪教槽料
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