WO2015141490A1 - 撮像素子、制御方法、並びに、撮像装置 - Google Patents
撮像素子、制御方法、並びに、撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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Definitions
- the present technology relates to an imaging device, a control method, and an imaging device, and more particularly, to an imaging device, a control method, and an imaging device that can obtain more various captured images.
- a non-volatile memory is provided in the subsequent stage of the signal processing unit that digitizes the analog pixel signal read from the pixel, and high-speed reading is performed using the non-volatile memory.
- There is a technique for realizing see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the present technology has been proposed in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to obtain a variety of captured images.
- One aspect of the present technology provides a pixel array that reads out a pixel signal obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light from each of a plurality of pixels of the pixel array, and performs signal processing on the analog pixel signal to obtain a digital image
- An analog processing unit for obtaining data, a storage unit for storing the image data, a signal processing unit for signal processing the image data stored in the storage unit, and the image data stored in the storage unit are output.
- An output unit, a readout process for reading out the pixel signal by the pixel array, an analog process that is a signal process for the analog pixel signal by the analog processing unit, and a signal process for the digital image data by the signal processing unit Digital processing and output processing for outputting the image data by the output unit are independent of each other.
- the controller can execute the reading process and the analog process at a higher speed than the digital process and the output process.
- the control unit can further execute the digital processing at a lower speed than the output processing.
- the control unit can execute the digital processing at a higher speed than the reading processing, the analog processing, and the output processing.
- the control unit can execute the digital processing a plurality of times during one frame processing period.
- the controller can execute the reading process and the analog process at a higher speed and a higher rate than the digital process and the output process.
- the storage unit can be a frame memory.
- the frame memory may have a ring buffer for storing the latest predetermined number of frames.
- the control unit can cause the digital processing to be performed on image data of past frames stored in the ring buffer.
- the frame memory has a storage capacity capable of storing image data for a plurality of frames, and the control unit causes the digital processing to be performed on image data of past frames stored in the frame memory. it can.
- a single semiconductor substrate may be provided, and the pixel array, the analog processing unit, the storage unit, the signal processing unit, the output unit, and the control unit may be formed on the semiconductor substrate. .
- the pixel array, the analog processing unit, the storage unit, the signal processing unit, the output unit, and the control unit are any one of the plurality of semiconductor substrates. Can be formed.
- One aspect of the present technology also includes a readout process of reading out a pixel signal obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light from each of a plurality of pixels of the pixel array, and an analog read out from each pixel of the pixel array.
- Analog processing that performs signal processing on the pixel signal to obtain digital image data
- digital processing that is signal processing on the digital image data stored in the storage unit
- the digital stored in the storage unit This is a control method for executing output processing for outputting the image data at a processing speed independent of each other.
- the imaging unit includes a plurality of pixels in a pixel array.
- a pixel array that reads out pixel signals obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light from each, an analog processing unit that performs signal processing on the analog pixel signals and obtains digital image data, and stores the image data
- a storage unit a signal processing unit that performs signal processing on the image data stored in the storage unit, an output unit that outputs the image data stored in the storage unit, and a readout that reads out the pixel signals by the pixel array
- analog processing that is signal processing for the analog pixel signal by the analog processing unit, and the digital image by the signal processing unit.
- a digital processing is signal processing for data
- an output process of outputting the image data by the output unit is an imaging device and a control unit to execute at mutually independent processing speed.
- a readout process for reading out a pixel signal obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light from each of a plurality of pixels in the pixel array, and an analog pixel signal read out from each pixel of the pixel array Is subjected to signal processing to obtain digital image data, digital processing that is signal processing for digital image data stored in the storage unit, and digital image data stored in the storage unit is output.
- Output processing is executed at processing speeds independent of each other.
- a subject is imaged, a readout process of reading out a pixel signal obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light from each of a plurality of pixels of the pixel array, and each of the pixel arrays Signal processing is performed on analog pixel signals read from the pixels to obtain digital image data, digital processing that is signal processing on digital image data stored in the storage unit, and storage unit Output processing for outputting stored digital image data is executed at processing speeds independent of each other, and image data obtained by the above imaging is subjected to image processing.
- a captured image can be obtained. Further, according to the present technology, it is possible to obtain more various captured images.
- movement of each process It is a block diagram which shows the main structural examples of an image sensor. It is a figure which shows the main structural examples of a unit pixel. It is a figure explaining the mode of independence of the processing speed and processing rate of each process. It is a figure which shows the example of the mode of control. It is a flowchart explaining the example of the flow of control processing. It is a figure which shows the example of the mode of control. It is a flowchart explaining the example of the flow of control processing. It is a figure which shows the example of the mode of control. It is a flowchart explaining the example of the flow of control processing. It is a figure which shows the mode of control. It is a flowchart explaining the example of the flow of control processing. It is a figure which shows the mode of control.
- First Embodiment> ⁇ Processing speed and processing rate> Conventional image sensors do not have memory that can store frames (such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM)) or memory that can store a sufficient amount of lines (such as static random access memory (SRAM)). Therefore, each process such as pixel signal reading, analog processing, digital processing, and output processing performed in the image sensor is executed at the same processing speed and processing rate (frame rate).
- DRAM dynamic random access memory
- SRAM static random access memory
- the processing speed and processing rate (frame rate) of each processing are determined for the slowest processing system.
- it is difficult to freely set the output specification because it affects the device connected at the subsequent stage.
- other processing such as shutter operation and signal processing is also limited by the processing speed and processing rate of the output processing, and it may be difficult to set freely.
- the processing speed of the output processing is determined by the output specification, and the processing speed of the pixel signal readout processing is limited by the processing speed of the output processing, that is, the output specification. The For this reason, it has been difficult to realize high-speed reading processing.
- the processing speed of the digital processing is also limited by the processing speed of the reading process and the output process. For this reason, it has been difficult to reduce the speed of digital processing.
- the image sensor is provided with a large-capacity storage unit that can store frames and a sufficient amount of lines, and digital processing is controlled independently of readout processing, analog processing, and output processing using the storage unit. (Flow control). Then, the operation of each process is controlled so that the read process, the analog process, the digital process, and the output process are executed at mutually independent processing speeds.
- the reading process is a process of reading a pixel signal from each pixel of the pixel array
- the analog process is a signal process for an analog pixel signal read from the pixel
- the digital process is, for example, This is signal processing for digital image data obtained by A / D converting an analog pixel signal
- the output processing is, for example, processing for outputting digital image data.
- the storage unit is composed of an arbitrary storage medium such as DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) or SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- SRAM Static Random Access Memory
- the imaging device can eliminate the limitation of the processing speed between the processes, and can freely set the processing speed of each process.
- a captured image can be generated.
- processing speed but also the processing rate (frame rate) of each processing may be set independently of each other. By doing in this way, the image sensor can generate more various captured images.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of an image sensor which is an embodiment of an image sensor to which the present technology is applied.
- An image sensor 100 shown in FIG. 2 is a device that photoelectrically converts light from a subject and outputs it as image data.
- the image sensor 100 is configured as a CMOS image sensor using CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), a CCD image sensor using CCD (Charge Coupled Device), or the like.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- the image sensor 100 includes a pixel array unit 111, an analog processing unit 112, a digital processing unit 113, a memory bus 114, a frame memory 115, and an output unit 116.
- the pixel array unit 111 is a pixel region in which pixel configurations (unit pixels) having photoelectric conversion elements such as photodiodes are arranged in a planar shape or a curved shape. Each unit pixel of the pixel array unit 111 receives light from a subject, photoelectrically converts the incident light, accumulates charges, and outputs the charges as pixel signals at a predetermined timing.
- the reading process is a process of reading a pixel signal from such a unit pixel.
- the analog processing unit 112 performs analog processing on the analog pixel signal read from each unit pixel of the pixel array unit 111.
- This analog processing includes, for example, A / D conversion processing for converting a pixel signal into digital image data.
- the digital processing unit 113 performs logic processing such as signal processing and timing control on the digital image data A / D converted by the analog processing unit 112. As shown in FIG. 2, the digital processing unit 113 includes a timing control unit 121 and a signal processing unit 122.
- the timing control unit 121 controls operations of the pixel array unit 111, the analog processing unit 112, the signal processing unit 122, and the output unit 116 (for example, processing speed and processing rate (frame rate)).
- the signal processing unit 122 performs signal processing on the digital image data A / D converted by the analog processing unit 112.
- This digital processing includes, for example, primary processing of sensor functions such as pixel rearrangement processing and black level processing, and image processing such as HDR (High Dynamic Range) processing and scaling processing that converts resolution and aspect ratio.
- HDR High Dynamic Range
- the signal processing unit 122 writes and reads image data to and from the frame memory 115.
- the signal processing unit 122 supplies the image data to the frame memory 115 via the memory bus 114.
- the signal processing unit 122 requests the desired image data from the frame memory 115 and obtains the image data via the memory bus 114.
- the signal processing unit 122 performs output control processing for outputting image data. For example, when outputting image data to the outside of the image sensor 100, the signal processing unit 122 acquires the image data from the frame memory 115 via the memory bus 114 and supplies the image data to the output unit 116.
- the memory bus 114 is a data transmission path provided between the digital processing unit 113 (signal processing unit 122) and the frame memory 115. Data (image data or the like) stored in the frame memory 115 is transmitted via the memory bus 114.
- the frame memory 115 is an embodiment of the storage unit described above, and is a storage medium having a capacity capable of storing image data of one frame or more.
- the frame memory 115 is formed using, for example, a DRAM. Of course, other semiconductor memories such as SRAM and flash memory may be used.
- the frame memory 115 stores image data supplied from the signal processing unit 122 via the memory bus 114.
- the frame memory 115 supplies the stored image data to the signal processing unit 122 via the memory bus 114 in response to a request from the signal processing unit 122. That is, the frame memory 115 stores image data generated from the pixel signal read from the pixel array unit 111.
- a line memory (sufficiently large line memory) capable of storing a sufficiently large number of lines of image data may be used instead of the frame memory 115.
- the output unit 116 includes, for example, a high-speed I / F (MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface)), an I / O cell, and the like, and the image data acquired from the frame memory 115 via the signal processing unit 122 is transferred to the image sensor 100. Output to the outside.
- I / F MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface)
- I / O cell I/ O cell
- each unit pixel formed in the pixel array unit 111 basically has the same configuration as in the example shown in FIG.
- the unit pixel 131 includes a photodiode 141, a read transistor 142, a reset transistor 143, an amplification transistor 144, and a select transistor 145.
- the photodiode (PD) 141 photoelectrically converts the received light into a photocharge (here, photoelectrons) having a charge amount corresponding to the light quantity, and accumulates the photocharge.
- the anode electrode of the photodiode 141 is connected to the ground (pixel ground) of the pixel region, and the cathode electrode is connected to the floating diffusion (FD) via the read transistor 142.
- Read transistor 142 controls the reading of photocharge from the photodiode 141.
- the read transistor 142 has a drain electrode connected to the floating diffusion and a source electrode connected to the cathode electrode of the photodiode 141. Further, a control signal TRG is supplied to the gate electrode of the reading transistor 142 from a pixel driver (not shown).
- the control signal TRG that is, the gate potential of the reading transistor 142
- the control signal TRG that is, the gate potential of the reading transistor 142
- the control signal TRG that is, the gate potential of the read transistor 142
- the control signal TRG that is, the gate potential of the read transistor 142
- the photocharge accumulated in the photodiode 141 is read and supplied to the floating diffusion (FD).
- the reset transistor 143 resets the potential of the floating diffusion (FD).
- the reset transistor 143 has a drain electrode connected to the power supply potential and a source electrode connected to the floating diffusion (FD).
- a control signal RST is supplied to the gate electrode of the reset transistor 143 from a pixel driving unit (not shown). When the control signal RST (that is, the gate potential of the reset transistor 143) is off, the floating diffusion (FD) is disconnected from the power supply potential. When the control signal RST (that is, the gate potential of the reset transistor 143) is on, the charge of the floating diffusion (FD) is discarded to the power supply potential, and the floating diffusion (FD) is reset.
- the amplification transistor 144 amplifies the potential change of the floating diffusion (FD) and outputs it as an electric signal (analog signal).
- the amplification transistor 144 has a gate electrode connected to the floating diffusion (FD), a drain electrode connected to the power supply potential, and a source electrode connected to the drain electrode of the select transistor 145.
- the amplification transistor 144 outputs the potential of the floating diffusion (FD) reset by the reset transistor 143 to the select transistor 145 as a reset signal (reset level).
- the amplification transistor 144 outputs the potential of the floating diffusion (FD) to which the photocharge has been transferred by the read transistor 142 to the select transistor 145 as a light accumulation signal (signal level).
- the select transistor 145 controls the output of the electrical signal supplied from the amplification transistor 144 to the vertical signal line VSL.
- the select transistor 145 has a drain electrode connected to the source electrode of the amplification transistor 144 and a source electrode connected to the vertical signal line VSL.
- a control signal SEL is supplied to the gate electrode of the select transistor 145 from a pixel driving unit (not shown).
- the control signal SEL that is, the gate potential of the select transistor 145
- the amplification transistor 144 and the vertical signal line VSL are electrically disconnected. Therefore, in this state, no pixel signal is output from the unit pixel.
- the control signal SEL that is, the gate potential of the select transistor 145) is in the on state, the unit pixel is in the selected state.
- the amplification transistor 144 and the vertical signal line VSL are electrically connected, and a signal output from the amplification transistor 144 is supplied to the vertical signal line VSL as a pixel signal of the unit pixel. That is, a pixel signal is read from the unit pixel.
- the image sensor 100 has a frame memory 115 as shown in FIG.
- this frame memory 115 digital processing can be executed independently of readout processing, analog processing, and output processing.
- the timing control unit 121 uses the frame memory 115 to execute each process performed in the image sensor 100 independently of each other (performs flow control).
- the timing control unit 121 sets the processing speed and processing rate (frame rate) of read processing, analog processing, digital processing, and output processing independently of each other, and sets each processing. Execute at each processing speed and processing rate.
- the normal processing speed is assumed to be a medium speed, a case where it is faster than that is assumed to be a high speed, and a case where it is slow is assumed to be a low speed.
- the normal processing rate (frame rate) is the medium speed rate, the higher speed is the higher speed rate, and the lower speed is the lower speed rate.
- the image sensor 100 can generate a variety of captured images depending on the combination of the processing speed and processing rate of each process.
- timing control unit 121 may make the reading process and the analog process faster (perform high-speed execution) than the digital process and the output process.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a state of an operation period of each process in a period for performing processing for one frame (vertical synchronization period XVS).
- the reading process and the analog process are executed at a speed higher than the normal processing speed, and the digital process and the output process are executed at a normal processing speed.
- the processing rate (frame rate) of each process remains the same as the normal processing rate (the processing rate is not changed).
- the image sensor 100 can reduce the focal plane distortion without changing the output specification.
- step S101 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the pixel array unit 111 by supplying a control signal to the pixel array unit 111, for example, and controls each pixel of the pixel array. Conversion is performed, and a pixel signal is read from each pixel.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the pixel array unit 111 to execute the reading process at a high speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S102 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the analog processing unit 112, for example, by supplying a control signal to the analog processing unit 112, and outputs each analog pixel signal obtained at high speed by the control in step S101.
- analog processing such as A / D conversion is performed.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the analog processing unit 112 to execute the analog processing at a high speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S103 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and the digital image data obtained at high speed by the control in step S102.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the signal processing unit 122 to execute the digital processing at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S104 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the output unit 116 by supplying a control signal to the output unit 116, for example, and outputs image data appropriately digitally processed at medium speed by the control in step S103. .
- the timing control unit 121 causes the output unit 116 to execute this output process at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S104 ends, the control process ends.
- the digital image data obtained by the analog processing performed based on the control in step S102 is stored in the frame memory 115. Therefore, even if the reading process and the analog process are executed at high speed, the digital process and the output process can be executed at a slower medium speed.
- the timing control unit 121 executes the control process as described above, so that the image sensor 100 can reduce the focal plane distortion without changing the output specification.
- the reading process and the analog process may be speeded up, and the digital processing may be performed at a speed lower than that of the output process (executed at a lower speed).
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the operating period of each process in the period (vertical synchronization period XVS) in which processing for one frame is performed, as in FIG.
- the reading process and the analog process are executed at a speed higher than the normal processing speed
- the digital process is executed at a speed lower than the normal processing speed
- the output process is executed at the normal processing speed.
- the processing rate (frame rate) of each process remains the same as the normal processing rate (the processing rate is not changed).
- the focal plane distortion can be reduced by speeding up the reading process and the analog process. Also, by reducing the speed of the digital processing, the processing time of the digital processing becomes longer and the load of the digital processing is distributed. Thereby, it can suppress that power consumption timing concentrates and can smooth the fluctuation
- the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the pixel array unit 111 by supplying a control signal to the pixel array unit 111 in step S121, for example. Conversion is performed, and a pixel signal is read from each pixel.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the pixel array unit 111 to execute the reading process at a high speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S122 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the analog processing unit 112, for example, by supplying a control signal to the analog processing unit 112, and outputs the analog pixel signals obtained at high speed by the control in step S121.
- analog processing such as A / D conversion is performed.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the analog processing unit 112 to execute the analog processing at a high speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S123 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and the digital image data obtained at high speed by the control in step S122. To perform digital processing.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the signal processing unit 122 to execute this digital processing at a low speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S124 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the output unit 116 by supplying a control signal to the output unit 116, for example, and outputs image data that has been appropriately digitally processed at a low speed by the control in step S123.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the output unit 116 to execute this output process at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S124 ends, the control process ends.
- the digital image data obtained by the analog processing performed based on the control in step S122 is stored in the frame memory 115. Therefore, even if the reading process and the analog process are executed at a high speed, the digital process can be executed at a slower speed. Further, the digitally processed image data is also stored in the frame memory 115. Therefore, the output process can be executed at a medium speed faster than the digital process.
- the timing control unit 121 executes the control process as described above, so that the image sensor 100 reduces the focal plane distortion without changing the output specification, and further increases the power consumption margin. Can be larger.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the operating period of each process in the period (vertical synchronization period XVS) for processing for one frame, as in FIG.
- the reading process, the analog process, and the output process are executed at a normal processing speed.
- the digital processing is executed at a speed higher than the normal processing speed, and the digital processing is executed a plurality of times.
- the processing rate (frame rate) of each process remains the same as the normal processing rate (the processing rate is not changed).
- digital processing digital signal processing
- the effect of the signal processing can be further strengthened.
- the scaling process for converting the resolution and the aspect ratio is performed a plurality of times, an object having a different resolution and the aspect ratio is generated separately from the output, and the detection process can be performed a plurality of times to improve the detection accuracy. .
- the image sensor 100 can increase the effect of signal processing (digital processing) without changing the output specification.
- the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the pixel array unit 111 by supplying a control signal to the pixel array unit 111, for example, in step S141, and outputs a photoelectric signal to each pixel of the pixel array. Conversion is performed, and a pixel signal is read from each pixel.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the pixel array unit 111 to execute this reading process at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S142 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the analog processing unit 112, for example, by supplying a control signal to the analog processing unit 112, and each analog pixel signal obtained at a medium speed by the control in step S141. For example, analog processing such as A / D conversion is performed.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the analog processing unit 112 to execute this analog processing at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S143 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and converts the digital image data obtained at medium speed by the control in step S142.
- digital processing is performed.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the signal processing unit 122 to execute this digital processing a plurality of times at a high speed and at a high rate.
- step S144 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the output unit 116, for example, by supplying a control signal to the output unit 116, and outputs image data digitally processed a plurality of times at high speed by the control in step S143. .
- the timing control unit 121 causes the output unit 116 to execute this output process at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S144 ends, the control process ends.
- the digital image data obtained by the analog processing performed based on the control in step S142 is stored in the frame memory 115. Therefore, even if the reading process and the analog process are executed at a medium speed, the digital process can be executed at a higher speed than that. Also, digital processing can be executed multiple times. Further, the digitally processed image data is also stored in the frame memory 115. Therefore, the output process can be executed at a medium speed slower than the digital process.
- the timing control unit 121 executes control processing as described above, so that the image sensor 100 can increase the effect of signal processing (digital processing) without changing the output specification. it can.
- the processing rate of each process may be changed.
- the reading process and the analog process may be faster (executed at a higher speed) than the digital process and the output process, and may be further increased in speed (the frame rate is increased).
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a state of an operation period of each process in a period (vertical synchronization period XVS) in which a process for a plurality of frames is performed.
- the reading process and the analog process are executed at a higher speed than the normal processing speed, and the digital process and the output process are executed at a normal processing speed. Further, the reading process and the analog process are executed at a higher rate than the normal processing rate, and the digital process and the output process are executed at a normal processing rate.
- High-speed imaging can be realized by increasing the speed and rate of the readout processing and analog processing.
- digital processing and output processing at a normal processing speed and processing rate, it is possible to perform slow playback of the high-speed captured image. That is, the image sensor 100 can realize high-speed shooting and slow reproduction without changing the output specification.
- the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the pixel array unit 111 by supplying a control signal to the pixel array unit 111, for example, in step S161, and outputs a photoelectric signal to each pixel of the pixel array. Conversion is performed, and a pixel signal is read from each pixel.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the pixel array unit 111 to execute this readout process at a high speed and a high rate.
- step S162 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the analog processing unit 112 by supplying a control signal to the analog processing unit 112, for example, and each analog obtained at a high speed and a high rate by the control in step S161.
- analog processing such as A / D conversion is performed on the pixel signal.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the analog processing unit 112 to execute the analog processing at a high speed and a high rate.
- step S163 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122 by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, for example, and a digital image obtained at a high speed and a high rate by the control in step S162. Digital processing is performed on the data.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the signal processing unit 122 to execute the digital processing at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S164 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the output unit 116 by supplying a control signal to the output unit 116, for example, and the image data digitally processed at a medium speed and a medium speed rate by the control in step S163. Is output.
- the timing control unit 121 causes the output unit 116 to execute this output process at a medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- step S164 When the process of step S164 is finished, the control process is finished.
- Digital image data obtained by analog processing performed based on the control in step S162 is stored in the frame memory 115. Therefore, even if the reading process and the analog process are executed at a high speed and a high speed rate, the digital process and the output process can be executed at a slower medium speed and a medium speed rate.
- the timing control unit 121 executes the control process as described above, so that the image sensor 100 can realize high-speed shooting and slow playback without changing the output specification.
- the number of frames that can be shot at a higher rate than usual and reproduced at a normal processing rate depends on the capacity of the frame memory 115.
- image data is accumulated in the frame memory 115 by the difference between the processing rate of the readout processing and analog processing and the processing rate of the digital processing and output processing.
- the capacity of the frame memory 115 is arbitrary but limited, so there is a limit in absorbing the rate difference. That is, such shooting can be performed only within the capacity range of the frame memory 115.
- the shooting may be returned to the normal processing rate, as in frames 8 and 9 in FIG. That is, the processing rate of the reading process and the analog process performed at the high rate may be changed to the medium rate.
- the high-speed shot image may be output continuously to an image shot at a normal processing rate, or a so-called picture
- the image may be superimposed and output within an image captured at a normal processing rate, or may be output separately after the capturing is stopped.
- Second Embodiment> ⁇ Time shift>
- a ring buffer may be provided in the frame memory 115 as shown in FIG.
- the image data read out from the pixel array unit 111 and A / D converted is subjected to primary processing 211 of sensor functions such as pixel rearrangement processing and black level processing by the digital processing unit 113.
- the image data subjected to the primary processing 211 is stored in a primary processing area 221 provided in the frame memory 115.
- the primary processing area 221 forms a ring buffer, and sequentially stores image data supplied from the digital processing unit 113 and subjected to the primary processing 211 of each frame.
- the image data of the captured image which is a captured image obtained by the pixel array unit 111 in a state where the user has not pressed the shooting button or the like and shooting is not instructed, is thus for primary processing that is a ring buffer.
- the data are sequentially stored in the area 221.
- the digital processing unit 113 displays an image of a past frame stored in the primary processing area 221 based on the user instruction. Read data.
- the image data stored in the primary processing area 221 has the latest stored frame.
- the digital processing unit 113 reads the image data of the past frame stored temporally before the latest frame.
- the digital processing unit 113 may read image data of a predetermined number of frames before the latest frame from the latest frame, or the most recent frame in the primary processing area 221 that is a ring buffer. You may make it read the image data stored in predetermined positions other than the position where image data is stored.
- the digital processing unit 113 performs secondary processing 212 of image processing such as HDR (High Dynamic Range) processing and scaling processing for converting resolution and aspect ratio on the read image data.
- the image data subjected to the secondary processing 212 is stored in a secondary processing area 222 provided in the frame memory 115.
- the digital processing unit 113 performs an output control process 213, reads out image data stored in the secondary processing area 222 at a predetermined timing, supplies the image data to the output unit 116, and outputs it.
- the image sensor 100 can output data going back in the past.
- the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the pixel array unit 111 by supplying a control signal to the pixel array unit 111, for example, in step S201, and outputs a photoelectric signal to each pixel of the pixel array. Conversion is performed, and a pixel signal is read from each pixel.
- step S202 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the analog processing unit 112, for example, by supplying a control signal to the analog processing unit 112. For each analog pixel signal obtained by the control in step S201, For example, analog processing such as A / D conversion is performed.
- step S203 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and 1 for the digital image data obtained by the control in step S202. Next processing is performed.
- step S204 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122 by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, for example, and the image data subjected to the primary processing by the control in step S202 is framed. It is stored in the ring buffer (primary processing area 221) of the memory 115.
- step S205 the timing control unit 121 determines whether to capture an image. For example, if it is determined that no imaging instruction is input from the user or the like and the imaging is not performed, the process returns to step S201, and the subsequent processes are repeated. That is, in the state before photographing, each processing of step S201 to step S205 is repeatedly executed, and the captured image is stored in the primary processing area 221.
- step S205 for example, when an imaging instruction is input, such as when the user operates the shooting button, and it is determined that imaging is performed, the process proceeds to step S206.
- step S206 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122 by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, for example, and writes it in the ring buffer (primary processing region 221) of the frame memory 115.
- the image data of a frame (past frame) before the latest frame is read out.
- step S207 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and performs secondary processing on the image data read by the control in step S206. Let the process do.
- step S208 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and the image data subjected to the secondary processing by the control in step S207 is framed. It is stored in the secondary processing area 222 of the memory 115.
- step S209 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and performs the tertiary processing. That is, the signal processing unit 122 performs the tertiary processing according to the control of the timing control unit 121, and thereby the image data stored in the secondary processing area 222 of the frame memory 115 by the control of step S208 at a predetermined timing. Read.
- step S210 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the output unit 116, for example, by supplying a control signal to the output unit 116, and the image data read by the control in step S209 is transferred to the outside of the image sensor 100. Output.
- step S210 When the process of step S210 is finished, the control process is finished.
- the image sensor 100 can output data going back in the past using the ring buffer.
- Such an image sensor 100 can be applied to any device or system.
- a drive recorder that records video from a time before that, or a motion of a person or animal is detected. It is suitable for application to a surveillance camera or the like that records video from a time slightly before the detection time.
- the frame memory 115 may have a capacity capable of storing image data for a plurality of frames.
- the data stored in the frame memory 115 may be read by a FIFO (First In First Out) method.
- FIG. 16 shows an example in that case.
- the signal processing unit 122 performs image data of a frame (past frame) temporally before the latest frame currently stored in the frame memory 115. Will be read out.
- a predetermined process is performed after the user presses the shooting button until image data of the captured image is output. Time is required and a delay occurs accordingly. If this delay time is large, it may be difficult for the user to obtain a captured image at a desired timing.
- an image sensor is obtained by digitally processing an image of a frame temporally prior to a captured image obtained by a user operating a shooting button and outputting the image as a captured image.
- 100 can suppress an increase in the delay time (time lag).
- the image data may be a moving image or a still image.
- the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the pixel array unit 111 by supplying a control signal to the pixel array unit 111, for example, in step S251, and performs photoelectric control on each pixel of the pixel array. Conversion is performed, and a pixel signal is read from each pixel.
- step S252 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the analog processing unit 112, for example, by supplying a control signal to the analog processing unit 112. For each analog pixel signal obtained by the control in step S251, the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the analog processing unit 112. For example, analog processing such as A / D conversion is performed.
- step S253 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and 1 for the digital image data obtained by the control in step S252. Next processing is performed.
- step S254 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and the image data subjected to the primary processing by the control in step S252 is framed. It is stored in the memory 115.
- step S ⁇ b> 255 the timing control unit 121 operates the signal processing unit 122 by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, for example, at a predetermined timing such as a timing at which an imaging instruction is input from a user or the like. And the image data of the frame (past frame) before the frame written in the frame memory 115 is read out.
- step S256 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and performs secondary processing on the image data read by the control in step S255. Let the process do.
- step S257 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and the image data subjected to the secondary processing by the control in step S256 is framed. It is stored in the memory 115.
- step S258 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the signal processing unit 122, for example, by supplying a control signal to the signal processing unit 122, and performs the tertiary processing. That is, the signal processing unit 122 performs the tertiary processing according to the control of the timing control unit 121, thereby causing the image data stored in the frame memory 115 to be read at a predetermined timing by the control in step S257.
- step S259 the timing control unit 121 controls the operation of the output unit 116, for example, by supplying a control signal to the output unit 116, and the image data read by the control in step S258 is transferred to the outside of the image sensor 100. Output.
- step S259 ends, the control process ends.
- the image sensor 100 can output data that goes back in the past, and can suppress an increase in the delay time (time lag) from the input of the imaging instruction to the output of the image data.
- Such an image sensor 100 can be applied to an arbitrary apparatus or system, and is suitable for application to, for example, a digital camera or a video camera in which a user operates a shooting button to image a subject.
- an imaging element to which the present technology is applied can be realized, for example, as a sealed package or a module in which the package is installed on a circuit board.
- the imaging element in the package may be configured by a single semiconductor substrate, or may be configured by a plurality of semiconductor substrates superimposed on each other.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a physical configuration of the image sensor 100 which is an image sensor to which the present technology is applied.
- the circuit configuration of the image sensor 100 described with reference to FIG. 3 is all formed on a single semiconductor substrate.
- output units 116-1 to 116-4 are arranged so as to surround the pixel / analog processing unit 311, the digital processing unit 113, and the frame memory 115.
- the pixel / analog processing unit 311 is an area where the configuration of the pixel array unit 111 and the analog processing unit 112 (for example, a pixel array or an A / D conversion unit) is formed.
- the output unit 116-1 to the output unit 116-4 are regions in which the configuration of the output unit 116 (for example, I / O cells) is arranged.
- the circuit configuration of the image sensor 100 described with reference to FIG. 3 has two semiconductor substrates (laminated chips (pixel chip 321 and circuit chip 322)) that are superimposed on each other. It is formed.
- the pixel chip 321 includes a pixel / analog processing unit 311, a digital processing unit 113, and an output unit 116-1 and an output unit 116-2.
- the output unit 116-1 and the output unit 116-2 are regions in which the configuration of the output unit 116 (for example, an I / O cell) is arranged.
- a frame memory 115 is formed in the circuit chip 322.
- the pixel chip 321 and the circuit chip 322 overlap each other to form a multilayer structure (laminated structure).
- the digital processing unit 113 formed in the pixel chip 321 and the frame memory 115 formed in the circuit chip 322 are connected via via regions (VIA) 323 and through vias (VIA) formed in the via regions (VIA) 324. They are electrically connected to each other (a memory bus 114 is formed).
- This technology can also be applied to such a laminated image sensor.
- the number (number of layers) of the semiconductor substrates (laminated chips) is arbitrary, and for example, as shown in FIG.
- the image sensor 100 includes a semiconductor substrate 351, a semiconductor substrate 352, and a semiconductor substrate 353.
- a pixel / analog processing unit 311 is formed on the semiconductor substrate 351, a digital processing unit 113 and an output unit 116 are formed on the semiconductor substrate 352, and a frame memory 115 is formed on the semiconductor substrate 353.
- Each processing part of each semiconductor substrate is electrically connected to each other via through vias (VIA) 361 to through vias (VIA) 363.
- each semiconductor substrate is arbitrary, and is not limited to the example of FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of an imaging apparatus as an example of an electronic apparatus to which the present technology is applied.
- An imaging apparatus 600 shown in FIG. 19 is an apparatus that images a subject and outputs an image of the subject as an electrical signal.
- the imaging apparatus 600 includes an optical unit 611, a CMOS image sensor 612, an image processing unit 613, a display unit 614, a codec processing unit 615, a storage unit 616, an output unit 617, a communication unit 618, and a control unit 621. , An operation unit 622, and a drive 623.
- the optical unit 611 includes a lens that adjusts the focal point to the subject and collects light from the focused position, an aperture that adjusts exposure, a shutter that controls the timing of imaging, and the like.
- the optical unit 611 transmits light (incident light) from the subject and supplies the light to the CMOS image sensor 612.
- the CMOS image sensor 612 photoelectrically converts incident light, A / D converts a signal for each pixel (pixel signal), performs signal processing such as CDS, and supplies the processed captured image data to the image processing unit 613. .
- the image processing unit 613 performs image processing on the captured image data obtained by the CMOS image sensor 612. More specifically, the image processing unit 613 performs, for example, color mixture correction, black level correction, white balance adjustment, demosaic processing, matrix processing, gamma correction, on the captured image data supplied from the CMOS image sensor 612. And various image processing such as YC conversion.
- the image processing unit 613 supplies captured image data subjected to image processing to the display unit 614.
- the display unit 614 is configured as a liquid crystal display or the like, for example, and displays an image of captured image data (for example, an image of a subject) supplied from the image processing unit 613.
- the image processing unit 613 further supplies the captured image data subjected to the image processing to the codec processing unit 615 as necessary.
- the codec processing unit 615 subjects the captured image data supplied from the image processing unit 613 to encoding processing of a predetermined method, and supplies the obtained encoded data to the storage unit 616. Further, the codec processing unit 615 reads the encoded data recorded in the storage unit 616, decodes it to generate decoded image data, and supplies the decoded image data to the image processing unit 613.
- the image processing unit 613 performs predetermined image processing on the decoded image data supplied from the codec processing unit 615.
- the image processing unit 613 supplies the decoded image data subjected to the image processing to the display unit 614.
- the display unit 614 is configured as a liquid crystal display, for example, and displays an image of the decoded image data supplied from the image processing unit 613.
- the codec processing unit 615 supplies the encoded data obtained by encoding the captured image data supplied from the image processing unit 613 or the encoded data of the captured image data read from the storage unit 616 to the output unit 617. You may make it output outside the imaging device 600.
- the codec processing unit 615 supplies captured image data before encoding or decoded image data obtained by decoding encoded data read from the storage unit 616 to the output unit 617, and outputs the image data to the outside of the imaging device 600. You may make it output to.
- the codec processing unit 615 may transmit the captured image data, the encoded data of the captured image data, or the decoded image data to another device via the communication unit 618. Further, the codec processing unit 615 may acquire captured image data and encoded data of the image data via the communication unit 618. The codec processing unit 615 appropriately encodes and decodes the captured image data acquired through the communication unit 618 and the encoded data of the image data. The codec processing unit 615 may supply the obtained image data or encoded data to the image processing unit 613 as described above, or output it to the storage unit 616, the output unit 617, and the communication unit 618. Good.
- the storage unit 616 stores encoded data supplied from the codec processing unit 615 and the like.
- the encoded data stored in the storage unit 616 is read out and decoded by the codec processing unit 615 as necessary.
- the captured image data obtained by the decoding process is supplied to the display unit 614, and a captured image corresponding to the captured image data is displayed.
- the output unit 617 has an external output interface such as an external output terminal, and outputs various data supplied via the codec processing unit 615 to the outside of the imaging apparatus 600 via the external output interface.
- the communication unit 618 supplies various types of information such as image data and encoded data supplied from the codec processing unit 615 to another device that is a communication partner of predetermined communication (wired communication or wireless communication). Further, the communication unit 618 acquires various types of information such as image data and encoded data from another device that is a communication partner of predetermined communication (wired communication or wireless communication), and supplies the acquired information to the codec processing unit 615. .
- the control unit 621 controls the operation of each processing unit (each processing unit indicated by a dotted line 620, the operation unit 622, and the drive 623) of the imaging apparatus 600.
- the operation unit 622 includes, for example, an arbitrary input device such as a jog dial (trademark), a key, a button, or a touch panel.
- the operation unit 622 receives an operation input by a user or the like and supplies a signal corresponding to the operation input to the control unit 621. To do.
- the drive 623 reads information stored in a removable medium 624 attached to the drive 623 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory.
- the drive 623 reads various information such as programs and data from the removable medium 624 and supplies the information to the control unit 621.
- the drive 623 stores various information such as image data and encoded data supplied through the control unit 621 in the removable medium 624 when the writable removable medium 624 is attached to the drive 623. .
- the CMOS image sensor 612 of the imaging apparatus 600 As the CMOS image sensor 612 of the imaging apparatus 600 as described above, the present technology described above in each embodiment is applied. That is, the image sensor 100 described above is used as the CMOS image sensor 612. Thereby, the CMOS image sensor 612 can obtain a wider variety of captured images. Therefore, the imaging apparatus 600 can obtain a wider variety of captured images by imaging the subject.
- the imaging apparatus to which the present technology is applied is not limited to the configuration described above, and may have another configuration.
- an information processing apparatus having an imaging function such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet device, and a personal computer.
- it may be a camera module used by being mounted on another information processing apparatus (or mounted as an embedded device).
- the series of processes described above can be executed by hardware or software.
- a program constituting the software is installed from a network or a recording medium.
- this recording medium is constituted by a removable medium 624 on which a program is recorded, which is distributed to distribute the program to the user, separately from the apparatus main body.
- the removable medium 624 includes a magnetic disk (including a flexible disk) and an optical disk (including a CD-ROM and a DVD). Further, magneto-optical disks (including MD (Mini-Disc)) and semiconductor memories are also included.
- the program can be installed in the storage unit 616 by attaching the removable medium 624 to the drive 623.
- This program can also be provided via a wired or wireless transmission medium such as a local area network, the Internet, or digital satellite broadcasting. In that case, the program can be received by the communication unit 18 and installed in the storage unit 616.
- a wired or wireless transmission medium such as a local area network, the Internet, or digital satellite broadcasting.
- the program can be received by the communication unit 18 and installed in the storage unit 616.
- this program can be installed in advance in a ROM (Read Only Memory) or the like in the storage unit 616 or the control unit 621.
- the program executed by the computer may be a program that is processed in time series in the order described in this specification, or in parallel or at a necessary timing such as when a call is made. It may be a program for processing.
- the step of describing the program recorded on the recording medium is not limited to the processing performed in chronological order according to the described order, but may be performed in parallel or It also includes processes that are executed individually.
- each step described above can be executed in each device described above or any device other than each device described above.
- the device that executes the process may have the functions (functional blocks and the like) necessary for executing the process described above.
- Information necessary for processing may be transmitted to the apparatus as appropriate.
- the system means a set of a plurality of components (devices, modules (parts), etc.), and it does not matter whether all the components are in the same housing. Accordingly, a plurality of devices housed in separate housings and connected via a network and a single device housing a plurality of modules in one housing are all systems. .
- the configuration described as one device (or processing unit) may be divided and configured as a plurality of devices (or processing units).
- the configurations described above as a plurality of devices (or processing units) may be combined into a single device (or processing unit).
- a configuration other than that described above may be added to the configuration of each device (or each processing unit).
- a part of the configuration of a certain device (or processing unit) may be included in the configuration of another device (or other processing unit). .
- the present technology can take a configuration of cloud computing in which one function is shared by a plurality of devices via a network and is jointly processed.
- each step described in the above flowchart can be executed by one device or can be shared by a plurality of devices.
- the plurality of processes included in the one step can be executed by being shared by a plurality of apparatuses in addition to being executed by one apparatus.
- the present technology is not limited to this, and any configuration mounted on such a device or a device constituting the system, for example, a processor as a system LSI (Large Scale Integration), a module using a plurality of processors, a plurality of It is also possible to implement as a unit using other modules, a set obtained by further adding other functions to the unit (that is, a partial configuration of the apparatus), and the like.
- a processor as a system LSI (Large Scale Integration)
- a module using a plurality of processors a plurality of It is also possible to implement as a unit using other modules, a set obtained by further adding other functions to the unit (that is, a partial configuration of the apparatus), and the like.
- the imaging apparatus to which the present technology is applied is not limited to the configuration described above, and may have another configuration.
- an information processing apparatus having an imaging function such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet device, and a personal computer.
- it may be a camera module used by being mounted on another information processing apparatus (or mounted as an embedded device).
- the configuration described as one device (or processing unit) may be divided and configured as a plurality of devices (or processing units).
- the configurations described above as a plurality of devices (or processing units) may be combined into a single device (or processing unit).
- a configuration other than that described above may be added to the configuration of each device (or each processing unit).
- a part of the configuration of a certain device (or processing unit) may be included in the configuration of another device (or other processing unit). .
- this technique can also take the following structures. (1) a pixel array that reads out a pixel signal obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light from each of a plurality of pixels of the pixel array; An analog processing unit that performs signal processing on the analog pixel signal and obtains digital image data; A storage unit for storing the image data; A signal processing unit that performs signal processing on the image data stored in the storage unit; An output unit for outputting the image data stored in the storage unit; Read processing for reading out the pixel signal by the pixel array, analog processing as signal processing for the analog pixel signal by the analog processing unit, and digital processing as signal processing for the digital image data by the signal processing unit And a control unit that executes output processing for outputting the image data by the output unit at a processing speed independent of each other.
- the control unit causes the reading process and the analog process to be executed at a higher speed and at a higher rate than the digital process and the output process.
- (1) to (5), (7) to (12) An imaging device according to claim 1.
- the storage unit is a frame memory.
- the frame memory includes a ring buffer that stores a latest predetermined number of frames.
- the control unit causes the digital processing to be performed on image data of a past frame stored in the ring buffer.
- the frame memory has a storage capacity capable of storing image data for a plurality of frames,
- the image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (9), (11), and (12), wherein the control unit causes the digital processing to be performed on image data of a past frame stored in the frame memory. .
- (11) having a single semiconductor substrate;
- the pixel array, the analog processing unit, the storage unit, the signal processing unit, the output unit, and the control unit are formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- (1) to (10), (12) The imaging device described. (12) having a plurality of semiconductor substrates superimposed on each other;
- the pixel array, the analog processing unit, the storage unit, the signal processing unit, the output unit, and the control unit are each formed on any of the plurality of semiconductor substrates.
- an imaging unit for imaging a subject An image processing unit that performs image processing on image data obtained by imaging by the imaging unit, The imaging unit A pixel array that reads out a pixel signal obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light from each of a plurality of pixels of the pixel array; An analog processing unit that performs signal processing on the analog pixel signal and obtains digital image data; A storage unit for storing the image data; A signal processing unit that performs signal processing on the image data stored in the storage unit; An output unit for outputting the image data stored in the storage unit; Read processing for reading out the pixel signal by the pixel array, analog processing as signal processing for the analog pixel signal by the analog processing unit, and digital processing as signal processing for the digital image data by the signal processing unit And a control unit that executes an output process of outputting the image data by the output unit at a processing speed independent of each other.
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(イメージセンサ)
2.第2の実施の形態(イメージセンサ)
3.第3の実施の形態(イメージセンサ)
4.第4の実施の形態(撮像装置)
<処理速度・処理レート>
従来のイメージセンサには、フレーム格納が可能なメモリ(DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory)など)や十分な量のライン格納が可能なメモリ(SRAM(Static Random Access Memory)など)がなかった。そのため、イメージセンサにおいて行われる、画素信号の読み出し、アナログ処理、デジタル処理、出力処理等の各処理は、互いに同一の処理速度および処理レート(フレームレート)で実行されていた。
そこで、イメージセンサに、フレームや十分な量のラインを格納することができる大容量の記憶部を設け、その記憶部を用いてデジタル処理を、読み出し処理およびアナログ処理、出力処理とは独立に制御(フロー制御)するようにする。そして、読み出し処理およびアナログ処理と、デジタル処理と、出力処理とを互いに独立した処理速度で実行させるように、各処理の動作を制御する。
このような本技術を適用した撮像素子の一実施の形態であるイメージセンサの構成例を、図2に示す。図2に示されるイメージセンサ100は、被写体からの光を光電変換して画像データとして出力するデバイスである。例えば、イメージセンサ100は、CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)を用いたCMOSイメージセンサ、CCD(Charge Coupled Device)を用いたCCDイメージセンサ等として構成される。
ここで、画素アレイ部111に形成される各単位画素の主な構成の例を図3に示す。画素アレイ部111に形成される各単位画素は、図3に示される例のような、基本的に互いに同一の構成を有する。図3に示される例の場合、単位画素131は、フォトダイオード141、読み出しトランジスタ142、リセットトランジスタ143、増幅トランジスタ144、およびセレクトトランジスタ145を有する。
従来のイメージセンサでは、図4のAに示されるように、信号処理部122におけるデジタルの画像データに対する信号処理であるデジタル処理、画素アレイ部111における画素信号を読み出す読み出し処理、アナログ処理部112におけるアナログの画素信号に対する信号処理であるアナログ処理、並びに、出力部116におけるデジタルの画像データを出力する出力処理の各処理は、共通の処理速度・処理レートで動作していた。
以下に、タイミング制御部121による各処理の制御の具体例について説明する。例えば、タイミング制御部121は、図5に示される例のように、読み出し処理およびアナログ処理を、デジタル処理や出力処理よりも高速化する(高速に実行させる)ようにしてもよい。
次に、図6のフローチャートを参照して、以上のような、各処理の動作の制御を行うためにタイミング制御部121が実行する制御処理の流れの例を説明する。
また、例えば、図5の例のように読み出し処理およびアナログ処理を高速化し、さらに、デジタル処理を出力処理よりも低速化する(低速に実行させる)ようにしてもよい。
次に、図8のフローチャートを参照して、以上のような、各処理の動作の制御を行うためにタイミング制御部121が実行する制御処理の流れの例を説明する。
また、例えば、図9の例のようにデジタル処理を読み出し処理、アナログ処理、および出力処理よりも高速化し(高速に実行し)、さらにそのデジタル処理を複数回繰り返す(複数回デジタル処理を実行する)ようにしてもよい。
次に、図10のフローチャートを参照して、以上のような、各処理の動作の制御を行うためにタイミング制御部121が実行する制御処理の流れの例を説明する。
また、各処理の処理レートを変更するようにしてもよい。例えば、図11の例のように、読み出し処理およびアナログ処理を、デジタル処理および出力処理よりも高速化し(高速に実行し)、さらに、高速レート化(フレームレートを上げる)ようにしてもよい。
次に、図12のフローチャートを参照して、以上のような、各処理の動作の制御を行うためにタイミング制御部121が実行する制御処理の流れの例を説明する。
<タイムシフト>
なお、フレームメモリ115を利用することにより、上述したように、各処理の処理速度や処理レートを変更するだけでなく、各処理の処理対象のフレームを時間方向に変更することができる(つまり、各処理の処理対象のフレームを互いに独立に設定することができる)ようにしてもよい。
その場合の制御処理の流れの例を、図15のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
なお、リングバッファは用いずに、過去にさかのぼったデータを出力するようにしてもよい。例えば、フレームメモリ115が複数フレーム分画像データを格納することができる容量を有していればよい。例えば、フレームメモリ115に格納されているデータがFIFO(First In First Out)方式で読み出されるようにしてもよい。図16にその場合の例を示す。図16の例の場合、フレームメモリ115がFIFOとして動作するので、信号処理部122は、現在フレームメモリ115に格納中である最新のフレームより時間的に前のフレーム(過去のフレーム)の画像データを読み出すことになる。
その場合の制御処理の流れの例を、図17のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
<イメージセンサの物理構成>
なお、本技術を適用する撮像素子は、例えば、封止されたパッケージやパッケージが回路基板に設置されたモジュール等として実現することができる。例えば、パッケージとして実現する場合、そのパッケージにおいて撮像素子が、単一の半導体基板により構成されるようにしてもよいし、互いに重畳される複数の半導体基板により構成されるようにしてもよい。
<撮像装置>
なお、本技術は、撮像素子以外にも適用することができる。例えば、撮像装置のような、撮像素子を有する装置(電子機器等)に本技術を適用するようにしてもよい。図19は、本技術を適用した電子機器の一例としての撮像装置の主な構成例を示すブロック図である。図19に示される撮像装置600は、被写体を撮像し、その被写体の画像を電気信号として出力する装置である。
(1) 画素アレイの複数の画素のそれぞれから、入射光を光電変換して得られる画素信号を読み出す画素アレイと、
アナログの前記画素信号に対して信号処理を行い、デジタルの画像データを得るアナログ処理部と、
前記画像データを格納する記憶部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを信号処理する信号処理部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを出力する出力部と、
前記画素アレイによる前記画素信号を読み出す読み出し処理、および、前記アナログ処理部による前記アナログの画素信号に対する信号処理であるアナログ処理と、前記信号処理部による前記デジタルの画像データに対する信号処理であるデジタル処理と、前記出力部による前記画像データを出力する出力処理とを、互いに独立した処理速度で実行させる制御部と
を備える撮像素子。
(2) 前記制御部は、前記読み出し処理および前記アナログ処理を、前記デジタル処理および前記出力処理よりも高速で実行させる
(1)、(3)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(3) 前記制御部は、さらに、前記デジタル処理を、前記出力処理よりも低速で実行させる
(1)、(2)、(4)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(4) 前記制御部は、前記デジタル処理を、前記読み出し処理および前記アナログ処理、並びに、前記出力処理よりも高速で実行させる
(1)乃至(3)、(5)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(5) 前記制御部は、1フレーム処理期間中に、前記デジタル処理を複数回実行させる
(1)乃至(4)、(6)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(6) 前記制御部は、前記読み出し処理および前記アナログ処理を、前記デジタル処理および前記出力処理よりも高速かつ高速レートで実行させる
(1)乃至(5)、(7)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(7) 前記記憶部は、フレームメモリである
(1)乃至(6)、(8)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(8) 前記フレームメモリは、最新の所定数のフレームを記憶するリングバッファを有する
(1)乃至(7)、(9)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(9) 前記制御部は、前記リングバッファに格納される過去のフレームの画像データに対して前記デジタル処理を実行させる
(1)乃至(8)、(10)乃至(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(10) 前記フレームメモリは、複数フレーム分の画像データを格納可能な記憶容量を有し、
前記制御部は、前記フレームメモリに格納される過去のフレームの画像データに対して前記デジタル処理を実行させる
(1)乃至(9)、(11)、(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(11) 単一の半導体基板を有し、
前記画素アレイ、前記アナログ処理部、前記記憶部、前記信号処理部、前記出力部、および前記制御部は、前記半導体基板に形成される
(1)乃至(10)、(12)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(12) 互いに重畳される複数の半導体基板を有し、
前記画素アレイ、前記アナログ処理部、前記記憶部、前記信号処理部、前記出力部、および前記制御部は、それぞれ、前記複数の半導体基板のいずれかに形成される
(1)乃至(11)のいずれかに記載の撮像素子。
(13) 画素アレイの複数の画素のそれぞれから、入射光を光電変換して得られる画素信号を読み出す読み出し処理、および、前記画素アレイの各画素から読み出されたアナログの前記画素信号に対して信号処理を行い、デジタルの画像データを得るアナログ処理と、記憶部に格納された前記デジタルの画像データに対する信号処理であるデジタル処理と、前記記憶部に格納された前記デジタルの画像データを出力する出力処理とを、互いに独立した処理速度で実行させる
制御方法。
(14) 被写体を撮像する撮像部と、
前記撮像部による撮像により得られた画像データを画像処理する画像処理部と
を備え、
前記撮像部は、
画素アレイの複数の画素のそれぞれから、入射光を光電変換して得られる画素信号を読み出す画素アレイと、
アナログの前記画素信号に対して信号処理を行い、デジタルの画像データを得るアナログ処理部と、
前記画像データを格納する記憶部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを信号処理する信号処理部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを出力する出力部と、
前記画素アレイによる前記画素信号を読み出す読み出し処理、および、前記アナログ処理部による前記アナログの画素信号に対する信号処理であるアナログ処理と、前記信号処理部による前記デジタルの画像データに対する信号処理であるデジタル処理と、前記出力部による前記画像データを出力する出力処理とを、互いに独立した処理速度で実行させる制御部と
を備える撮像装置。
Claims (14)
- 画素アレイの複数の画素のそれぞれから、入射光を光電変換して得られる画素信号を読み出す画素アレイと、
アナログの前記画素信号に対して信号処理を行い、デジタルの画像データを得るアナログ処理部と、
前記画像データを格納する記憶部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを信号処理する信号処理部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを出力する出力部と、
前記画素アレイによる前記画素信号を読み出す読み出し処理、および、前記アナログ処理部による前記アナログの画素信号に対する信号処理であるアナログ処理と、前記信号処理部による前記デジタルの画像データに対する信号処理であるデジタル処理と、前記出力部による前記画像データを出力する出力処理とを、互いに独立した処理速度で実行させる制御部と
を備える撮像素子。 - 前記制御部は、前記読み出し処理および前記アナログ処理を、前記デジタル処理および前記出力処理よりも高速で実行させる
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記制御部は、さらに、前記デジタル処理を、前記出力処理よりも低速で実行させる
請求項2に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記制御部は、前記デジタル処理を、前記読み出し処理および前記アナログ処理、並びに、前記出力処理よりも高速で実行させる
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記制御部は、1フレーム処理期間中に、前記デジタル処理を複数回実行させる
請求項4に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記制御部は、前記読み出し処理および前記アナログ処理を、前記デジタル処理および前記出力処理よりも高速かつ高速レートで実行させる
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記記憶部は、フレームメモリである
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記フレームメモリは、最新の所定数のフレームを記憶するリングバッファを有する
請求項7に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記制御部は、前記リングバッファに格納される過去のフレームの画像データに対して前記デジタル処理を実行させる
請求項8に記載の撮像素子。 - 前記フレームメモリは、複数フレーム分の画像データを格納可能な記憶容量を有し、
前記制御部は、前記フレームメモリに格納される過去のフレームの画像データに対して前記デジタル処理を実行させる
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 単一の半導体基板を有し、
前記画素アレイ、前記アナログ処理部、前記記憶部、前記信号処理部、前記出力部、および前記制御部は、前記半導体基板に形成される
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 互いに重畳される複数の半導体基板を有し、
前記画素アレイ、前記アナログ処理部、前記記憶部、前記信号処理部、前記出力部、および前記制御部は、それぞれ、前記複数の半導体基板のいずれかに形成される
請求項1に記載の撮像素子。 - 画素アレイの複数の画素のそれぞれから、入射光を光電変換して得られる画素信号を読み出す読み出し処理、および、前記画素アレイの各画素から読み出されたアナログの前記画素信号に対して信号処理を行い、デジタルの画像データを得るアナログ処理と、記憶部に格納された前記デジタルの画像データに対する信号処理であるデジタル処理と、前記記憶部に格納された前記デジタルの画像データを出力する出力処理とを、互いに独立した処理速度で実行させる
制御方法。 - 被写体を撮像する撮像部と、
前記撮像部による撮像により得られた画像データを画像処理する画像処理部と
を備え、
前記撮像部は、
画素アレイの複数の画素のそれぞれから、入射光を光電変換して得られる画素信号を読み出す画素アレイと、
アナログの前記画素信号に対して信号処理を行い、デジタルの画像データを得るアナログ処理部と、
前記画像データを格納する記憶部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを信号処理する信号処理部と、
前記記憶部に格納される前記画像データを出力する出力部と、
前記画素アレイによる前記画素信号を読み出す読み出し処理、および、前記アナログ処理部による前記アナログの画素信号に対する信号処理であるアナログ処理と、前記信号処理部による前記デジタルの画像データに対する信号処理であるデジタル処理と、前記出力部による前記画像データを出力する出力処理とを、互いに独立した処理速度で実行させる制御部と
を備える撮像装置。
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JP2000165820A (ja) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 画像記録再生方法及び装置 |
JP2005341278A (ja) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-08 | Photron Ltd | アナログ・デジタル混載型システムの動作タイミング制御回路 |
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JPWO2015141490A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
TWI685258B (zh) | 2020-02-11 |
JP6614133B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
CN106134183B (zh) | 2020-03-20 |
US20170078602A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
KR20160136272A (ko) | 2016-11-29 |
CN106134183A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
TW201537980A (zh) | 2015-10-01 |
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