WO2015133029A1 - 電力貯蔵式電圧安定化装置およびその制御方法 - Google Patents

電力貯蔵式電圧安定化装置およびその制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015133029A1
WO2015133029A1 PCT/JP2014/082192 JP2014082192W WO2015133029A1 WO 2015133029 A1 WO2015133029 A1 WO 2015133029A1 JP 2014082192 W JP2014082192 W JP 2014082192W WO 2015133029 A1 WO2015133029 A1 WO 2015133029A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
power storage
stabilization device
power
storage element
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PCT/JP2014/082192
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
智道 伊藤
洋 五十嵐
岡松　茂俊
正人 手島
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株式会社日立製作所
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Publication of WO2015133029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015133029A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
    • B60M3/06—Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H02J1/16—Balancing the load in a network using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a voltage stabilizer connected to a DC feeder of an electric railway, and more particularly to a voltage stabilizer provided with a power storage means.
  • an electric train system having an electric brake that is, a regenerative car is used in the electric railway system.
  • the regenerative brake converts kinetic energy of the vehicle into electric energy by a vehicle-mounted inverter at the time of deceleration.
  • the feeder system supplies DC power from the substation to the electric vehicle through the feeder when the vehicle accelerates, and absorbs regenerative electric power from the regenerative vehicle through the feeder when the vehicle is decelerating.
  • the regenerative power is consumed as acceleration energy of the vehicle, and energy saving of the feeding system can be achieved.
  • the filter capacitor of the regenerative vehicle is charged, and the panta point voltage of the regenerative vehicle rises.
  • the brake is changed from the regenerative brake to the mechanical brake in order to protect the vehicle from overvoltage. Therefore, the ride comfort and energy saving performance deteriorate.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-91415 discloses a power storage type voltage stabilization device which stores surplus power in a power storage element and discharges it as energy during power running of an electric vehicle.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-260719 describes a control method of a power converter that performs power control of a power storage element. In these methods, charging is performed if the feeder voltage is equal to or higher than the charge control setting voltage, and discharging is performed if the feeder voltage is equal to or lower than the discharge control setting voltage.
  • Equipment for an electric railway such as the above-mentioned electric storage type voltage stabilization device is often installed in a substation with a limited installation area such as under an overpass or along a route due to the restriction of the land owned by the introducer. Therefore, a power storage type voltage stabilization device with large rated power is constructed by a plurality of power storage type voltage stabilization devices (hereinafter referred to as single device stabilization devices), and the single device stabilization devices are distributed and arranged in the same substation. There may be a need.
  • the power converter is composed of a bidirectional chopper, a sensor for detecting the voltage and current of the circuit, and a waveform controller.
  • the waveform controller receives an output signal of the voltage / current sensor and an output signal of a battery controller that detects a charging rate of the power storage element, and outputs a drive signal of the bidirectional chopper.
  • the single-unit stabilization device power converter detects the feeder voltage by the built-in voltage sensor and detects the detection value.
  • the charge and discharge power to the power storage element is adjusted based on Therefore, the charge start time and the discharge start time of each unit stabilization device are shifted due to the detection error of the voltage sensor.
  • the difference in charge / discharge charge due to the time difference accumulates, which causes the charge rate of the power storage element for each single-unit stabilization device to diverge.
  • the present invention proposes a voltage stabilization device and its control method capable of reducing the difference in the charging rate of single-unit stabilization devices installed in the same substation.
  • the voltage stabilization device of the present invention comprises a power storage element, and a power converter provided between the feeder line and the power storage element, wherein the waveform controller of the power converter is a charge control set voltage and a discharge control.
  • the waveform controller of the power converter is a charge control set voltage and a discharge control.
  • Single-unit stabilization device that detects wire voltage higher than other single-unit stabilization devices due to detection error of voltage sensor starts charging earlier than other single-unit stabilization devices due to extra regenerative power. As a result, the charging rate is higher than that of other single unit stabilization devices. Since the control settling voltage of the unit stabilization device is corrected high by the increase of the charging rate by the settling voltage correction means of the present invention, the charging start time when the feeder voltage rises is delayed to charge between the unit stabilization devices. Rate deviation can be suppressed.
  • a controller for collecting state quantities of each unit stabilization device is not required, and therefore, a plurality of signals connecting the voltage / current sensor and battery controller provided in each unit stabilization device and the waveform controller It becomes unnecessary to lay a wire, and wiring can be simplified.
  • the power storage type voltage stabilization device 1 of the present invention is connected to the feeder wire 6 and the rail 7.
  • a rectifier 5 is connected to the feeder 6 and the rail 7.
  • the rectifier 5 is connected to the power system 3 via the transformer 4 and supplies DC power to a vehicle (not shown) at the time of acceleration of the vehicle.
  • the power storage type voltage stabilization device 1 detects a rise in feeder voltage vfeeder and charges the storage battery described later to suppress a rise in feeder voltage and detect a drop in feeder voltage that occurs during vehicle acceleration. It has a function of suppressing a drop in feeder voltage by discharging the storage battery.
  • the power storage type voltage stabilization device 1 is configured of the circuit breaker 2 and the single-unit stabilization devices 1_a and 1_b, and the single-unit stabilization devices 1_a and 1_b are connected in parallel at a connection point with the circuit breaker 2 and the rail 7.
  • the single-unit stabilizing devices 1_a and 1_b have the same configuration, and a voltage sensor provided in the single-unit stabilizing device detects a rise and a drop in the feeder voltage to charge and discharge the storage batteries respectively, and the current idc_a flowing from the feeder 6 , Change idc_b.
  • the single-machine stabilizing device 1_a will be described with reference to FIG.
  • Single-unit stabilization device 1_a is roughly configured by bidirectional chopper 80_a, storage battery 30_a, battery controller 40_a, and waveform controller 100_a.
  • the gate signals GateP_a and GateN_a which are drive signals for the IGBT assembly in the bidirectional chopper 80_a, are based on the voltage / current sensor detection value of the bidirectional chopper 80_a and the charging rate of the storage battery 30_a detected by the battery controller 40_a.
  • the charge and discharge of the storage battery 30_a are realized by calculating and outputting to the bidirectional chopper 80_a.
  • the electric power charged and discharged to the storage battery 30_a is equal to the power transferred from the wire 6 when the loss in the bidirectional chopper 80_a is ignored, and the feeder voltage can be stabilized by appropriate charging and discharging of the storage battery 30_a.
  • the bi-directional chopper 80_a includes a boost reactor 30L_a, an IGBT assembly 10_a, and a filter reactor 20L_a that prevents a ripple component generated by switching of the IGBT assembly from flowing out to the feeder 6, and a filter capacitor 20C_a.
  • the IGBT assembly 10_a is configured by a series circuit of IGBT modules 10m_a and 10n_a in which the IGBTs and diodes are connected in antiparallel.
  • Single-unit stabilizing device 1_a includes voltage sensor 50PT_a that detects the voltage of filter capacitor 20C_a, current sensor 51CT_a that detects the current of boost reactor 30L_a, and voltage sensor 52PT_a that detects the terminal voltage of storage battery 30_a. Is input to the waveform controller 100_a. The output signals of the current sensor 51CT_a and the voltage sensor 52PT_a are also input to the battery controller 40_a, and the battery controller 40_a calculates the state of charge SOC_a of the storage battery 30_a based on the output signal of the sensor and outputs the value to the waveform controller 100_a Do.
  • the charging rate SOC_a of the storage battery 30_a is calculated by the battery controller 40_a, but the charging rate may be calculated inside the waveform controller 100_a.
  • the battery controller 40 _a calculates the state of charge SOC_a using the output signals of the current sensor 51CT_a detecting the current flowing through the boost reactor and the voltage sensor 52PT_a detecting the storage battery terminal voltage, The same effect can be obtained by providing a voltage sensor and a current sensor that only 40_a uses.
  • the calculation of the waveform controller 100_a is largely performed by the voltage control command value calculation unit 1500a that calculates the voltage control command value Vabs2 during charging operation of the single-unit stabilizing device 1_a and the voltage control command value Vdisc2 during discharging operation, charging of the bidirectional chopper It is determined which operation to execute: operation, discharge operation, and suppression standby in which switching of bidirectional chopper 80_a is stopped and switching is stopped until switching of the IGBT module is stopped and operation of voltage stabilization device 1 is to be operated.
  • System control arithmetic unit 1004a a current command value calculation unit 1100a for calculating a charging current command value to the storage battery 30_a, and a voltage command value vref to be output to the storage battery 30_a side according to the current command value Current control unit 1200a, and a gate signal generation unit that generates gate signals GateP_a and GateN_a that are drive signals for the IGBT modules 10m_a and 10n_a based on the voltage command value vref. Constructed.
  • the system control computing unit 1004a receives the outputs Vabs2 and Vdisc2 of the voltage control command value calculating unit 1500a and the filter capacitor voltage vline_a as input, and calculates the charge voltage controller 1007a execution flag described later, ABS_ENABLE, the discharge voltage controller 1008a calculation implementation flag DISC_ENABLE and the gate deblocking flag GateENABLE of the IGBT assembly are calculated and output to the current command value calculator 1100a, the current controller 1200a, and the gate signal generator 1300a.
  • vline_a is Vabs2 or more
  • ABS_ENABLE is set to 1
  • vline_a is smaller than Vabs2, ABS_ENABLE is set to 0.
  • DISC_ENABLE is set to 1
  • vline_a is larger than Vdisc2, DISC_ENABLE is set to 0.
  • GateENABLE is set to 1 when both ABS_ENABLE and DISC_ENABLE are 1 and to 0 when both ABS_ENABLE and DISC_ENABLE are 0.
  • the current command value calculation unit 1100a receives the outputs Vabs2 and Vdisc2 of the voltage control command value calculation unit 1500a, the filter capacitor voltage detection value vline_a, and the outputs ABS_ENABLE and DISC_ENABLE of the system control computing unit 1004a, and sets the charge current command value of the storage battery 30_a. Calculate
  • the subtractor 1005a calculates the difference between the charging voltage command value Vabs2 and the capacitor voltage detection value vline_a, and outputs the difference to the charging voltage control computing unit 1007a. Further, the subtractor 1006a calculates the difference between the discharge-time voltage command value Vdisc2 and the capacitor voltage detection value vline_a, and outputs the difference to the discharge-time voltage control computing unit 1008a.
  • the charge-time voltage control computing unit 1007a is a proportional-integrator and performs proportional-integral operation on the output of the subtractor 1005a when the operation execution flag ABS_ENABLE is 1, and outputs zero when the ABS_ENABLE is 0. Do.
  • Discharge time voltage control computing unit 1008a is also a proportional-integrator, performs proportional-integral operation on the output of subtractor 1006a when operation execution flag DISC_ENABLE is 1, and outputs zero when DISC_ENABLE is 0. .
  • the outputs of the voltage control computing unit 1007a for charging and the voltage control computing unit 1008a for discharging are added by the adder 1011a, and are output to the current control unit 1200a as a charging current command value of the storage battery 30 — a.
  • the difference between the charge current command value and the boost reactor current detection value ibat_a is calculated by the subtractor 1012a, and the difference is output to the current control computing unit 1013a.
  • the current controller 1013a receives the difference and the flag GateENABLE output from the system control computing unit 1004a.
  • the current controller 1013a is a proportional-integrator, and if GateENABLE is 1, it performs a proportional-integral operation on the output of the subtract 1012a, and outputs the output to the adder 1015a. When GateENABLE is 0, a zero is output to the adder 1015a.
  • the terminal voltage detection value vbat_a of the storage battery 30_a is input to the low pass filter 1014a.
  • the low pass filter 1014a removes the ripple component due to switching, and outputs the output to the adder 1015a.
  • the adder 1015a calculates the sum of the output of the current controller 1013a and the output of the low pass filter 1014a, and outputs the sum to the gate signal generation unit 1300a as the output voltage command value vref of the IGBT assembly 10_a.
  • the gate signal generation unit 1300a includes a carrier wave generator 1016a that generates a carrier wave tri that is a triangular wave, and a comparator 1017a.
  • the comparator 1017a receives the voltage command values vref and tri and the flag GateENABLE output from the system control computing unit 1004a.
  • the single-machine stabilizing device 1_a can control the charging current of the storage battery 30_a so that vline_a matches Vabs2, and vline_a discharges.
  • the discharge current of storage battery 30_a can be controlled so that vline_a matches Vdisc2, and if vline_a is between Vabs2 and Vdisc2, switching of IGBT assembly 10_a is stopped and kept waiting Can.
  • Voltage control command value calculation unit 1500a of this embodiment receives charge rate SOC_a of storage battery 30_a as an input, and voltage command value Vabs2 for charge and voltage command value Vdisc2 for discharge are compared with the above charge rate in the normal operation range of the charge rate. Calculation means for correcting the voltage command value so as to increase monotonously. By this calculation, it is possible to suppress the difference between the storage battery charging rates of the single-unit stabilizing devices 1_a and 1_b whose controllers are independent, and it is possible to expect improvement of the utilization rate of the storage batteries and avoidance of shortening the life.
  • the voltage control command value calculation unit 1500a includes a voltage command value correction computing unit 1001a and adders 1002a and 1003a. By adding the correction term vref_hos calculated by the voltage command value correction computing unit 1001a to the predetermined values Vabs and Vdisc, respectively, a new charge voltage command value Vabs2 for charging and a voltage command value Vdisc2 for discharging are calculated, and the voltage command value Vdisc2 is calculated. The voltage command value is output to current command value calculator 1100a and system control calculator 1004a.
  • the charging rate SOC_a of the storage battery 30 — a is output to the subtractor 10011 a, SOC1 is subtracted, and the difference is output to the upper / lower limiter 10012 a.
  • Upper and lower limit limiter 10012a receives the output of subtractor 10011a, limits it to zero or more and ⁇ SOC or less, and outputs the limited value to multiplier 10013a.
  • the multiplier 10013a multiplies the output of the upper / lower limit limiter 10012a by a predetermined value K having a positive value to calculate a voltage command value correction term vref_hos.
  • SOC1 and ⁇ SOC are predetermined values, and SOC1 is set to the lower limit value or less of the normal operation range.
  • SOC1 is set to the lower limit value or less of the normal operation range.
  • SOC1 is 20% or less
  • SOC1 and The sum of ⁇ SOC is 80% or more.
  • the charging rate SOC_a, the voltage command value for charging Vabs2 and the voltage command value for discharging Vdisc2 have proportional characteristics as shown in FIG.
  • the purpose of this characteristic is to prevent the difference between the battery charging rates of the single-unit stabilizing devices caused by the detection error of the voltage sensors that detect the capacitor voltages of the single-unit stabilizing devices 1_a and 1_b.
  • the voltage command value correction term vref_hos be 2 to 3 times the expected detection error of the voltage sensor.
  • the predetermined constant K is selected to be set to 10% or less of the rated wire voltage. It should.
  • the graph shown in FIG. 6 shows the feeder voltage vfeeder in the immediate vicinity of the voltage stabilizer 1, the current idc_a flowing from the feeder wire 6 into the single-unit stabilizer 1_a, and the storage battery 30_a charge rate SOC_a of the single-unit stabilizer 1_a in order from the top.
  • the electric current idc_b which flows in into single unit stabilization device 1_b from the electric wire 6 and the storage battery charge rate SOC_b of single unit stabilization device 1_b are shown.
  • SOC_a and SOC_b are set equal to 50%.
  • the solid line in the graph is the operation waveform according to the present embodiment, and the waveform shown by the broken line is a waveform when the voltage command value correction calculation based on the charging rate is not performed.
  • FIG. 6 shows an operation waveform when the capacitor voltage detection voltage sensor of single-unit stabilization device 1_a detects a voltage higher than the value detected by the capacitor voltage detection voltage sensor of single-unit stabilization device 1_b. .
  • the feeder voltage rises due to the regenerative operation of the vehicle, and at time t1, the feeder voltage vfeeder reaches the in-charge voltage control command value vf2 of the single-unit stabilizing device 1_a.
  • the single-unit stabilization device 1_a receives power from the feeder wire 6 by charging the storage battery 30_a to stabilize the voltage.
  • current idc_a takes a positive value.
  • the single-machine stabilizing device 1_a continues charging until time t2 when the feeder voltage drops to a value lower than the charge-time voltage control command value, while the charging rate SOC_a of the storage battery rises.
  • the feeder voltage vfeeder decreases and becomes lower than the discharge-time voltage control command value vf3 of the single-unit stabilizing device 1_b at time t3.
  • the single-unit stabilizing device 1_b can detect a drop in the capacitor voltage to discharge the storage battery, supply power to the wire 6, and stabilize the voltage.
  • current idc_b has a negative value.
  • the single-unit stabilizing device 1_b continues discharging until time t4 when the feeder voltage rises to a value higher than the discharge-time voltage control command value, during which the charging rate SOC_b of the storage battery decreases.
  • the charge voltage control command value Vabs2 for single unit stabilization device 1_a and the discharge voltage control command value Vdisc2 are corrected high, and the charge voltage control command value for charge and discharge voltage for single device stabilization device 1_b.
  • the control command value is corrected low.
  • the difference between the in-charge voltage control command value and the in-discharge voltage control command value of single-unit stabilizing devices 1_a and 1_b becomes small, and charging / discharging for feeder voltage stabilization after time t5 becomes single-unit stabilizing device 1_a , 1_b will be allocated power.
  • the single-unit stabilizing device 1_a performs charging again from time t5 to t6 and the single-unit stabilizing device 1_b from time t7 to t8. Discharge is performed, and as a result, the difference between the battery charging rates of single-unit stabilizing devices 1_a and 1_b continues to expand.
  • the power storage type voltage stabilization device 1 of the present embodiment it is possible to suppress the difference in the charging rate among the single-unit stabilizing devices by performing the voltage control command value correction by the charging rate.
  • the correction terms of the charge voltage control command value and the discharge voltage control command value with respect to the charge rate are proportional to the charge rate, but the values referred to the table and the correction terms are power values of the charge rate, etc. If it is monotonous increase, the same effect as the present invention can be expected.
  • the voltage stabilization apparatus is equipped with a storage battery as an electric power storage element in a present Example, you may use an electric double layer capacitor and a flywheel instead of a storage battery.
  • the same effect as the present invention can be obtained by treating the normalized value of the energy stored in the capacitor as the charging rate by the energy stored when the capacitor is at the rated voltage. Since the energy stored in the capacitor is proportional to the square of the terminal voltage of the capacitor, the energy stored in the capacitor may be provided with a voltage sensor for detecting the capacitor voltage, and the energy may be calculated from the sensor output.
  • the same effect as the present invention can be obtained by treating a value obtained by standardizing the energy stored in the flywheel with the kinetic energy stored at the rated rotation speed of the flywheel as a charging rate. Since the kinetic energy stored in the flywheel is proportional to the square of the rotational speed, the energy stored in the flywheel may be provided with a sensor for detecting the rotational speed or rotational phase angle of the flywheel, and the energy may be calculated from the sensor.
  • the terminal voltage of the filter capacitor is the voltage control target in the present embodiment
  • the voltage between the P and N terminals of the single-unit stabilizing device may be the voltage control target.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
PCT/JP2014/082192 2014-03-07 2014-12-05 電力貯蔵式電圧安定化装置およびその制御方法 WO2015133029A1 (ja)

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EP4005855A1 (en) * 2020-11-27 2022-06-01 Free2move Esolutions S.p.A. Electric vehicle battery charging system capable of being interconnected with external direct current power supply infrastructures

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JP6825250B2 (ja) * 2016-07-07 2021-02-03 株式会社デンソー 車載システム

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JP2010058565A (ja) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-18 Hitachi Ltd 電力変換装置及び電気鉄道システム
JP2013244799A (ja) * 2012-05-24 2013-12-09 Hitachi Ltd 電力貯蔵式回生電力吸収装置およびその制御方法
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017097305A1 (en) * 2015-12-07 2017-06-15 Maersk Drilling A/S Microgrid electric power generation systems and associated methods
US10559957B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2020-02-11 Maersk Drilling A/S. Microgrid electric power generation systems and associated methods
US11075520B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2021-07-27 Maersk Drilling A/S Microgrid electric power generation systems and associated methods
US11843250B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2023-12-12 Wattsup Power A/S Microgrid electric power generation systems and associated methods
EP4005855A1 (en) * 2020-11-27 2022-06-01 Free2move Esolutions S.p.A. Electric vehicle battery charging system capable of being interconnected with external direct current power supply infrastructures

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