WO2015129741A1 - 蛍光体、発光素子及び発光装置 - Google Patents
蛍光体、発光素子及び発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015129741A1 WO2015129741A1 PCT/JP2015/055382 JP2015055382W WO2015129741A1 WO 2015129741 A1 WO2015129741 A1 WO 2015129741A1 JP 2015055382 W JP2015055382 W JP 2015055382W WO 2015129741 A1 WO2015129741 A1 WO 2015129741A1
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XPIIDKFHGDPTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N F.F.F.P Chemical compound F.F.F.P XPIIDKFHGDPTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 73
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 18
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- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000695 excitation spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 fluorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSLUWZMIMXNLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium methanol dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2].OC QSLUWZMIMXNLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/61—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or unspecified halogen elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/57—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing manganese or rhenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/61—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or unspecified halogen elements
- C09K11/617—Silicates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phosphor that emits red light when excited by ultraviolet light or blue light, a light-emitting element using the phosphor, and a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element. More specifically, the present invention relates to a Mn 4+ activated double fluoride phosphor whose moisture resistance has been improved by modifying the particle surface, and a light emitting device and a light emitting device having excellent color rendering properties and stability by using this phosphor. .
- a white LED As a white LED, a method of obtaining pseudo white light by combining a blue LED chip and a yellow phosphor is widely used.
- this type of white LED enters the white region as its chromaticity coordinate value, there are few light emitting components such as the red region, so the appearance of the object illuminated by this white LED is illuminated with natural light. It is very different from how an object looks. That is, this white LED is inferior in color rendering, which is an indicator of the naturalness of how an object is viewed.
- a white LED with improved color rendering properties has been put into practical use by combining a red phosphor or an orange phosphor in addition to a yellow phosphor to compensate for the insufficient red component.
- a red phosphor a nitride phosphor or an oxynitride phosphor activated by Eu 2+ is known.
- Typical phosphors include Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 : Eu 2+ , CaAlSiN 3 : Eu 2+ , (Ca, Sr) AlSiN 3 : Eu 2+, and the like.
- phosphors activated with Eu 2+ as the luminescent center ion have a broad half-value width of the emission spectrum, and therefore tend to contain a relatively large amount of spectral components in a wavelength band that exceeds the human visible range. It was difficult to realize.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose a phosphor in which Mn 4+ is activated in a double fluoride crystal K 2 SiF 6 and a light emitting device using the phosphor, and the phosphor emits red light with a narrow half-value width. It is said that a light-emitting device using this phosphor realizes excellent color rendering and color reproducibility.
- Mn 4+ activated phosphors based on double fluoride crystals have low stability, and the hydrolysis of the phosphors tends to proceed especially in contact with water or water vapor.
- hydrolysis occurs, not only the fluorescence characteristics deteriorate, but also peripheral members may be corroded by fluorine ions and hydrogen fluoride generated along with the decomposition.
- the LED light emitting device in which the phosphor is dispersed in the sealing resin that cannot completely block water vapor has a problem in practical use from the viewpoint of durability and reliability.
- the inventors of the present invention have reduced the fluorescent properties by treating the Mn 4+ activated double fluoride phosphor excellent in luminance with a compound serving as a Ca source to modify the particle surface.
- the present inventors have found that moisture resistance can be improved without causing the present invention to arrive at the present invention.
- the phosphor of the present invention is represented by the general formula: A 2 MF 6 : Mn 4+ , the element A is an alkali metal element containing at least K, and the element M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr and It is a phosphor that is one or more metal elements selected from Hf, F is fluorine, Mn is manganese, and the gist thereof is to contain a Ca-containing compound on the particle surface.
- This phosphor preferably has an atomic composition ratio Ca / (Ca + A) of 0.05 or more and 1 or less as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
- the Ca-containing compound is preferably present in a depth range from the surface of the phosphor to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the amount of Mn (atomic%) on the outermost surface of the phosphor is preferably smaller than the amount of Mn inside the particle.
- the ratio of the amount of Mn on the outermost surface of the particle to the amount of Mn inside the particle is preferably 60% or less.
- the element A is preferably K and the element M is preferably Si and / or Ge.
- the gist of the light-emitting element of the present invention is to have the phosphor and a light-emitting light source. Furthermore, the gist of the light emitting device of the present invention is to have the light emitting element.
- the phosphor according to the present invention is a phosphor in which a Ca-containing compound is contained on the particle surface of a Mn 4+ activated double fluoride phosphor known as a high-luminance red phosphor, and is extremely excellent in moisture resistance. .
- the light-emitting element and the light-emitting device according to the present invention using this phosphor have high color rendering properties and color reproducibility, and are long-lived with little change over time.
- Example 1 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of Comparative Example 1. It is a figure which shows the excitation and the fluorescence spectrum of the fluorescent substance of the comparative example 1.
- 3 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the phosphor particle surface of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the phosphor particle surface of Example 1.
- FIG. K 2 SiF 6, Example 5 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of Comparative Example 1. It is a figure which shows the excitation and the fluorescence spectrum of the fluorescent substance of the comparative example 2.
- the present invention is represented by the general formula: A 2 MF 6 : Mn 4+ , the element A is an alkali metal element containing at least K, and the element M is a kind selected from Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr and Hf These are the above-described metal elements, F is fluorine, and Mn is manganese, which is a phosphor containing a Ca-containing compound on the particle surface.
- the “particle surface” is a range in which surface modification by a compound serving as a Ca source extends, and is preferably a range from the phosphor surface (depth 0 ⁇ m) to a depth of 1.5 ⁇ m. When the range of modification is too deep, the absorption efficiency of the excitation light of the phosphor and the extraction efficiency of the fluorescence from the phosphor may decrease.
- “containing” a Ca-containing compound on the particle surface typically includes a state in which fine particles of a Ca-containing compound such as calcium fluoride are attached to the phosphor particle surface.
- a 2 MF 6 : Mn 4+ , Mn 4+ is an ion activated as a light emission center, and is a solid solution in which a part of the element M is substituted.
- the element A is an alkali metal element containing at least K, and it is preferable that the K content is large. Specific examples of the element A include K alone, a combination of K and Na, a combination of K and Li, and a combination of K, Na and Li. In order to obtain stronger emission intensity, K alone is preferred.
- the element M is one or more metal elements selected from Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr and Hf.
- the element M preferably contains at least Si and / or Ge, specifically, Si alone, Ge alone, Si and Ge combination, Si and Sn combination, Si and Ti combination, Si, Ge and Sn. , Si, Ge and Ti, Si, Sn and Ti, and Si, Ge, Sn and Ti.
- the element M affects the excitation band of the phosphor. From the viewpoint of efficiently emitting light with blue light, Si and / or Ge are preferable.
- the manufacturing method of the phosphor before modifying the particle surface is not particularly limited, and a well-known manufacturing method as described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 can be used.
- a method of dissolving a compound that becomes a host crystal of a phosphor and a compound containing Mn 4+ that is an emission center in hydrofluoric acid, evaporating the solvent to dryness, and reprecipitating (Patent Document 1), A method of immersing a simple metal such as silicon in a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and potassium permanganate (Patent Document 2), A method of depositing a phosphor by adding a poor solvent such as acetone or methanol to a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution in which the constituent elements of the double fluoride phosphor are dissolved (Patent Document 3), A method of dissolving the constituent elements of the double fluoride phosphor in two or more types of hydrofluoric acid where no solid precipitates, mixing them, and reacting and crystallizing (Pa
- the surface-modified Mn 4+ activated double fluoride phosphor produced by these methods has solubility in water, hydrolyzes by reacting with water, and absorbs visible light such as manganese dioxide. It produces colored compounds and highly corrosive hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride accelerates the deterioration of the constituent members constituting the light emitting element.
- the moisture resistance can be remarkably improved by treating the phosphor with a compound serving as a Ca source to contain a Ca-containing compound on the particle surface.
- the means for containing the Ca-containing compound on the phosphor particle surface is not particularly limited as long as it can physically or chemically adhere the Ca-containing compound generated from the Ca source to the phosphor particle surface. It doesn't matter.
- calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) can be preferably used regardless of whether it is crystalline or amorphous.
- Calcium fluoride not only has very low solubility in water but is also suitable as a Ca-containing compound because it is difficult to dissolve in organic solvents such as hydrofluoric acid, acetone, methanol, and ethanol used in the production of phosphors. It is.
- a preferred example of attaching the Ca-containing compound to the phosphor particle surface is shown below.
- phosphor particles are dispersed in an organic solvent alone or a mixed solution with hydrofluoric acid to prepare a suspension.
- the organic solvent acetone, methanol, and ethanol are preferable.
- a solution in which a compound serving as a Ca source such as calcium chloride is dissolved is added to this suspension.
- This solvent includes water or an organic solvent. Ca ions in the solution react with hydrogen fluoride present in the suspension and precipitate as CaF 2 on the surface of the phosphor particles.
- Hydrogen fluoride as a reaction source of this reaction includes hydrogen fluoride generated by hydrolysis of the phosphor when an aqueous solution is added, residual hydrogen fluoride present in the phosphor, hydrofluoric acid added as a solvent, etc. There is. Since this reaction is performed in a state where the phosphor is dispersed in a solvent, it is carried out by adding a compound serving as a Ca source in a washing step after the double fluoride crystal is precipitated in the phosphor production process. You can also.
- the Ca-containing compound does not necessarily need to be present on the entire particle surface of the phosphor, and even if it is present in a part thereof, moisture resistance can be improved.
- the atomic composition ratio Ca / (Ca + A) on the surface of the phosphor measured by the following conditions by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 0.05 or more and 1 In the following, it is more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.8, and still more preferably 0.05 to 0.6.
- the atomic composition ratio Ca / (Ca + A) 1 means that the entire particle surface is completely covered with the Ca compound.
- X-ray source Monochromatic Al-K ⁇ ⁇ Neutralization: 100 ⁇ A electron gun
- the element distribution in the depth direction near the particle surface of the phosphor can be measured while sputtering the phosphor sample with Ar ions in the XPS method.
- Ca is preferably present in the range from the phosphor surface (0 ⁇ m) to a depth of 1.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m. When it exceeds 1.5 ⁇ m, the absorption efficiency of the excitation light of the phosphor and the extraction efficiency of the fluorescence from the phosphor may be reduced.
- the moisture resistance is improved by reducing the Mn content (atomic%) on the outermost surface of the phosphor particle from the Mn content inside the particle.
- the amount of Mn on the outermost surface of the particle refers to the amount of Mn (atomic%) in a range from the surface of the phosphor to a depth of 300 nm.
- the element distribution of the phosphor greatly changes with respect to the depth in the vicinity of the particle surface, and the atomic composition ratio becomes constant when the depth reaches a certain level.
- the amount of Mn when the depth is 300 nm or more from the surface of the phosphor, the amount of Mn becomes substantially constant in the depth direction.
- the amount of Mn when this becomes constant is defined as “the amount of Mn inside the particle”.
- the amount of Mn inside the particles can be measured by XPS while sputtering the phosphor sample with Ar ions.
- the amount of Mn present on the outermost surface of the particle is preferably as small as possible compared to the inside of the phosphor particle.
- the ratio of the Mn amount on the outermost surface of the particle to the amount of Mn inside the particle is preferably 60% or less, more preferably 50% or less, and even more preferably 30% or less.
- a method of reducing the Mn amount on the outermost surface of the particle a method of reducing the Mn amount relatively by increasing the amount of the Ca-containing compound by attaching a Ca-containing compound to the phosphor particle surface, the surface Mn amount of the phosphor particle itself
- the method of attaching the Ca-containing compound to the phosphor particle surface is as described above.
- the phosphor is suspended in hydrofluoric acid, a saturated hydrofluoric acid solution of A 2 MF 6 containing no Mn is added, and heated. There is a method of evaporating the solvent and depositing A 2 MF 6 free of Mn on the surface of the phosphor particles.
- the light emitting device includes the above-described phosphor of the present invention and a light source.
- a light emission source an ultraviolet LED or a visible light LED that emits light having a wavelength of 250 nm or more and 550 nm or less can be used, and a blue LED light emitting element of 420 nm or more and 500 nm or less is particularly preferable.
- a well-known phosphor can be used in combination as the phosphor used in the light emitting element.
- the light-emitting device uses the above-described light-emitting element of the present invention, and includes a backlight of a liquid crystal panel, a lighting device, a traffic signal used in roads and railways, and a projector.
- K 2 MnF 6 a manufacturing method of K 2 MnF 6 were used as the Mn raw material of the phosphor will be described in the following examples and comparative examples.
- Teflon registered trademark
- 800 ml of 40% by mass hydrofluoric acid was added, 260 g of KHF 2 powder (special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and potassium permanganate powder (Wako Pure Chemical) 12 g of a reagent grade 1 manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd. was dissolved.
- Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example 1 are all phosphors represented by the general formula: A 2 MF 6 : Mn 4+ , the element A is K, the element M is Si, F is fluorine, and Mn is manganese, The present invention relates to a phosphor represented by K 2 SiF 6 : Mn 4+ .
- Comparative Example 1 is a conventional phosphor that does not contain a Ca-containing compound on the particle surface, and Examples 1 to 8 are phosphors in which a Ca-containing compound is attached to the particle surface.
- the aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution was further heated to evaporate the solvent. As the solvent evaporated, pale yellow crystals precipitated. The heating was stopped when the amount of the solvent was considerably reduced, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. Thereafter, washing with 20% by mass of hydrofluoric acid and methanol was performed, the solid part was separated and recovered by filtration, and the remaining methanol was removed by evaporation by drying.
- the phosphor after the drying treatment was classified using only a nylon sieve having an opening of 75 ⁇ m and passed through this sieve to obtain the phosphor K 2 SiF 6 : Mn 4+ of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 1 20 g of the phosphor of Comparative Example 1 was added to 100 ml of a mixed solution (volume ratio of 1: 1) of hydrofluoric acid and methanol having a concentration of 20% to prepare a suspension. While stirring this suspension, 25 ml of a 0.6 mol% aqueous solution of calcium chloride was added. After the addition, the mixture was further stirred for 10 minutes. After completion of the stirring, the suspension is allowed to stand, the phosphor is precipitated, the supernatant is removed, methanol is added thereto, the mixture is stirred and allowed to stand, the supernatant is removed, and further methanol is added. Repeated until the solution was neutral. Thereafter, the precipitated particles were collected by filtration, further dried, and methanol was completely removed by evaporation to obtain the phosphor of Example 1.
- Examples 2, 3 and 4 are exactly the same as Example 1 except that the concentration of the calcium chloride aqueous solution added to the phosphor suspension is changed to 0.3 mol%, 0.8 mol% and 1.2 mol%, respectively. Produced according to the method and conditions.
- Examples 5 to 8 are the same as Example 1 except that the concentration of the calcium chloride aqueous solution added to the phosphor suspension was changed to 0.7 mol%, 0.2 mol%, 0.5 mol%, and 1.4 mol%, respectively. And the same method and conditions.
- ⁇ Crystal phase> The X-ray diffraction pattern of the phosphor was measured with an X-ray diffractometer (Ultima IV manufactured by Rigaku Corporation). A CuK ⁇ tube was used for the measurement.
- the excitation / fluorescence spectrum of the phosphor was measured with a spectrofluorometer (F-7000 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). In this measurement, the excitation wavelength of the fluorescence spectrum is 455 nm, and the monitor fluorescence wavelength of the excitation spectrum is 632 nm.
- the measurement result of the phosphor of Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG.
- the phosphor of Comparative Example 1 is a phosphor having two excitation bands of ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of about 350 nm and blue light having a peak wavelength of about 450 nm, and having a plurality of narrow band emission in the red region of 600 to 700 nm. It was.
- the excitation / fluorescence spectra of the phosphors of Examples 1 to 4 measured with a spectrofluorometer were almost the same as those of Comparative Example 1.
- the quantum efficiency of the phosphor was evaluated at room temperature by the following method.
- a standard reflector (Spectralon manufactured by Labsphere) having a reflectivity of 99% was set in the side opening ( ⁇ 10 mm) of the integrating sphere ( ⁇ 60 mm).
- Monochromatic light dispersed at a wavelength of 455 nm from an Xe lamp as a light source was introduced into this integrating sphere with an optical fiber, and the spectrum of reflected light was measured with a spectrophotometer (MCPD-7000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). At that time, the number of excitation light photons (Qex) was calculated from the spectrum in the wavelength range of 450 to 465 nm.
- a concave cell filled with a phosphor so that the surface is smooth is set at the opening of the integrating sphere, irradiated with monochromatic light having a wavelength of 455 nm, and the reflected reflected light and fluorescence spectra are spectrophotometrically measured. It was measured by a meter.
- the number of excited reflected light photons (Qref) and the number of fluorescent photons (Qem) were calculated from the obtained spectrum data.
- the number of excitation reflected light photons was calculated in the same wavelength range as the number of excitation light photons, and the number of fluorescent photons was calculated in the range of 465 to 800 nm.
- ⁇ Chromaticity coordinates> The CIE1931 color matching function is calculated by the calculation method in the XYZ color system defined in JIS Z 8701 with respect to the spectrum measured by setting the phosphor in accordance with JIS Z 8724 (color measurement method—light source color—). Used to calculate chromaticity coordinates (x, y). The wavelength range used for chromaticity coordinate calculation was 465 to 780 nm.
- ⁇ Atomic composition ratio Ca / (Ca + A)> The atomic composition ratio Ca / (Ca + A) on the phosphor surface analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is an index of the abundance of Ca on the phosphor particle surface.
- the abundance (atomic%) of Ca and K was measured by XPS method under the following conditions using K-Alpha manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific.
- X-ray source Monochromatic Al-K ⁇ Charge neutralization: 100 ⁇ A electron gun
- the atomic composition ratios Ca / (K + Ca) of Examples 2, 3, and 4 were 0.07, 0.36, and 0.52, respectively.
- the humidity resistance of the phosphor was evaluated by the following method. 3g of the phosphor is put in a 55mm PFA petri dish, set in a thermo-hygrostat (IW222 manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.), and treated for 4 hours under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions at a temperature of 60 ° C and a relative humidity of 90% RH. After that, the external quantum efficiency was measured by the above method and compared with the external quantum efficiency before the high temperature and high humidity treatment. That is, [external quantum efficiency after high temperature and high humidity treatment] / [external quantum efficiency before high temperature and high humidity treatment] ⁇ 100 was calculated and evaluated as an index of moisture resistance.
- the ratio of the Mn amount on the outermost surface of the particle to the amount of Mn inside the particle was evaluated by the following method.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of X-ray diffraction of the K 2 SiF 6 crystal, the phosphor of Example 5, and the phosphor of Comparative Example 1.
- the phosphors of Examples 5 to 8 all had the same pattern as the K 2 SiF 6 crystal and did not contain other crystal phases.
- X-ray source Monochromatic Al-K ⁇ Charge neutralization: 100 ⁇ A electron gun
- the amount of Mn inside the particles was measured by XPS while sputtering the phosphor sample with Ar ions.
- the sputtering conditions are as follows. Sputtering ion: Ar ion Ion energy: 3 keV Sputtering speed: 0.69 nm / min (Ta 2 O 5 conversion) Ion irradiation range: 2 x 4 mm
- the Mn content on the outermost surface of the particle was 0.6 atomic%, and the Mn content inside the particle measured at a depth of 300 nm or more was 0.8 atomic%. That is, the ratio of [Mn amount on the outermost surface of the particle] / [Mn amount inside the particle] was 75%.
- the Mn content on the outermost surface of the particle was 0.2 atomic%, and the Mn content inside the particle was 0.8 atomic%. That is, the ratio of [Mn amount on the outermost surface of the particle] / [Mn amount inside the particle] was 25%.
- the ratio of [Mn amount on the outermost surface of the particle] / [Mn amount inside the particle] of the phosphors of Examples 6, 7, and 8 was 55%, 32%, and 10%, respectively.
- Examples 9 to 10 and Comparative Example 2 are all phosphors represented by the general formula: A 2 MF 6 : Mn 4+ , the element A is K, the element M is Ge, F is fluorine, and Mn is manganese.
- the present invention relates to a phosphor represented by K 2 GeF 6 : Mn 4+ .
- Comparative Example 2 is a conventional phosphor containing no Ca-containing compound on the particle surface, and Examples 9 and 10 are phosphors containing a Ca-containing compound on the particle surface.
- the absorptance When excited with blue light having a wavelength of 455 nm, the absorptance is 78%, the internal quantum efficiency is 88%, the external quantum efficiency is 68%, and the chromaticity (x, y) is (0.693, 0.305). there were.
- the amount of Mn on the outermost surface of the particle is 0.9 atomic%
- the amount of Mn inside the particle is 1.0 atomic%
- the ratio of the amount of Mn on the outermost surface of the particle to the amount of Mn inside the particle was 90%.
- the external quantum efficiency of the phosphor after the high-temperature and high-humidity treatment was 54%
- the humidity resistance evaluation was 78%.
- Example 9 20 g of the phosphor of Comparative Example 2 was added to 100 ml of a mixed solution (volume ratio of 1: 1) of hydrofluoric acid and methanol having a concentration of 20% to prepare a suspension. While stirring this suspension, 25 ml of 0.6 mol% calcium chloride methanol solution was added. After the addition, the mixture was further stirred for 10 minutes. After the stirring was completed, the suspension was allowed to stand, the phosphor was precipitated, the supernatant liquid was removed, and methanol was further added until the liquid became neutral. Thereafter, the precipitated particles were collected by filtration, further dried, and methanol was completely removed by evaporation to obtain the phosphor of Example 9.
- Example 10 20 g of the phosphor of Comparative Example 2 was added to 100 ml of a mixed solution (volume ratio of 1: 1) of hydrofluoric acid and methanol having a concentration of 20% to prepare a suspension. While stirring this suspension, 25 ml of a 0.7 mol% calcium chloride methanol solution was added. After the addition, the mixture was further stirred for 10 minutes. After the stirring was completed, the suspension was allowed to stand, the phosphor was precipitated, the supernatant liquid was removed, and methanol was further added until the liquid became neutral. Thereafter, the precipitated particles were collected by filtration, further dried, and methanol was completely removed by evaporation to obtain the phosphor of Example 10.
- K was 21 atomic% and Ca was 10 atomic%.
- the amount of Mn on the outermost surface of the particle is 0.2 atomic%
- the amount of Mn inside the particle is 1.0 atomic%
- the ratio of the amount of Mn on the outermost surface of the particle to the amount of Mn inside the particle was 20%.
- the external quantum efficiency of the phosphor after the high temperature and high humidity treatment was 65%, and the humidity resistance evaluation was 100%.
- Example 11 A light emitting element having the phosphor of Example 1 and a blue light emitting LED as a light emission source was prepared. Since this phosphor uses the phosphor of Example 1 which is excellent in moisture resistance, in addition to being excellent in color rendering and color reproducibility, the passage of time is longer than that of the light emitting device using the phosphor of Comparative Example 1. The decrease in brightness due to was small.
- Example 12 An illuminating device as a light-emitting device was created using the light-emitting element of Example 11. Since this light-emitting device uses the phosphor of Example 1 having excellent moisture resistance, in addition to being excellent in color rendering and color reproducibility, the passage of time is longer than that of the light-emitting device using the phosphor of Comparative Example 1. The decrease in brightness due to was small.
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Abstract
Description
このような赤色蛍光体として、Eu2+で付活された窒化物蛍光体又は酸窒化物蛍光体が知られている。これらの代表的な蛍光体としては、Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+、CaAlSiN3:Eu2+、(Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu2+などがある。
このため、この蛍光体を用いた本発明に係る発光素子及び発光装置は、高い演色性及び色再現性を有することに加え、経時的変化が少なく長寿命である。
また、Ca含有化合物を粒子表面に「含有する」とは、典型的には、蛍光体粒子表面にフッ化カルシウムのようなCa含有化合物の微粒子が付着している状態を含む。
元素Aは、少なくともKを含有するアルカリ金属元素であり、K含有量は多い方が好ましい。元素Aとしては、具体的にはK単独、KとNaの組合せ、KとLiの組合せ、KとNaとLiの組合せを挙げることができる。より強い発光強度を得るためにはK単独が好ましい。
・蛍光体の母体結晶となる化合物と発光中心であるMn4+を含有する化合物とをフッ化水素酸中に溶解させ、溶媒を蒸発乾固させて再析出させる方法(特許文献1)、
・ケイ素などの単体金属をフッ化水素酸と過マンガン酸カリウムの混合液に浸漬する方法(特許文献2)、
・複フッ化物蛍光体の構成元素を溶解させたフッ化水素酸水溶液にアセトンやメタノール等の貧溶媒を添加し、蛍光体を析出させる方法(特許文献3)、
・複フッ化物蛍光体の構成元素を固体が析出しない二種類以上のフッ化水素酸に溶解させ、それらを混合し、反応晶析させる方法(特許文献4)
を使用することができる。
蛍光体の粒子表面にCa含有化合物を含有させる手段は、Ca源から生成するCa含有化合物を蛍光体粒子表面に物理的又は化学的に付着できるものであれば特に限定されず、湿式・乾式を問わない。Ca含有化合物は、水溶性が低いものであれば、結晶質か非晶質かを問わず、好ましくはフッ化カルシウム(CaF2)を挙げることができる。フッ化カルシウムは、水に対する溶解度が非常に低いだけでなく、蛍光体製造時に使用されるフッ化水素酸、アセトン、メタノール、エタノール等の有機溶剤に対しても溶解しにくいためCa含有化合物として好適である。
まず、蛍光体粒子を有機溶媒単体又はフッ化水素酸との混合液に分散させ、懸濁液を調製する。有機溶媒としては、アセトン、メタノール、エタノールが好ましい。次いで、この懸濁液に塩化カルシウムのようなCa源となる化合物を溶解した溶液を添加する。この溶媒としては水又は有機溶媒がある。溶液中のCaイオンは懸濁液中に存在するフッ化水素と反応し、CaF2として蛍光体粒子表面に析出する。
この反応の反応源となるフッ化水素としては、水溶液を添加した場合に蛍光体の加水分解により生成するフッ化水素、蛍光体に存在する残留フッ化水素、溶媒として添加したフッ化水素酸などがある。この反応は、蛍光体が溶媒に分散した状態で行われるため、蛍光体の製造過程で複フッ化物結晶が析出した後の洗浄工程等において、Ca源となる化合物を添加することで実施することもできる。
・X線源: 単色化Al-Kα
・帯電中和: 電子銃100μA
・分光系: パスエネルギー
200.00eV=ワイドスペクトル
50.0eV=ナロースペクトル[O1s,F1s,Si2p,K2p,Ca2p,Cl2p,Mn2p]
・測定領域: 400×200μm
・取り出し角: 90°(表面より)
ここで、蛍光体の「粒子最表面のMn量」とは、蛍光体の表面から300nmの深さまでの範囲のMn量(原子%)をいう。蛍光体の元素分布は粒子表面近傍で深さに対して大きく変化し、ある程度以上の深さになると、原子組成比は一定となる。本発明の蛍光体では、蛍光体の表面から深さが300nm以上になるとMn量は深さ方向に対してほぼ一定となる。この一定となった時のMn量を「粒子内部のMn量」とする。粒子内部のMn量は、蛍光体サンプルをArイオンでスパッタリングしながらXPS法により測定できる。
発光光源としては、250nm以上550nm以下の波長の光を発する紫外LEDや可視光LEDを用いることができ、なかでも420nm以上500nm以下の青色LED発光素子が好ましい。
発光素子に使用する蛍光体として、本発明の蛍光体の他に周知の蛍光体を併用することができる。本発明の蛍光体と、緑色発光蛍光体、黄色発光蛍光体、及び、赤色発光蛍光体等の他の発光色の蛍光体とを適宜組み合わせることによって、より高い演色性、より高い輝度を得ることができる。
まず、以下の実施例及び比較例における蛍光体のMn原料として使用したK2MnF6の製造方法について説明する。
容量1リットルのテフロン(登録商標)製のビーカーに濃度40質量%フッ化水素酸800mlを入れ、KHF2粉末(和光純薬工業株式会社製特級試薬)260g及び過マンガン酸カリウム粉末(和光純薬工業株式会社製試薬1級)12gを溶解させた。
このフッ化水素酸反応液をマグネティックスターラーで撹拌しながら、30%過酸化水素水(和光純薬工業株式会社製特級試薬)8mlを少しずつ滴下した。過酸化水素水の滴下量が一定量を超えると黄色粒子が析出し始め、反応液の色が紫色から変化し始めた。過酸化水素水を一定量滴下後、しばらく撹拌を続けてから撹拌を止め、析出粒子を沈殿させた。上記反応は全て常温で行った。
析出粒子の沈殿後、上澄み液を除去し、メタノールを加え、撹拌・静置し、上澄み液を除去し、さらにメタノールを加えるという操作を、液が中性になるまで繰り返した。その後、ろ過により析出粒子を回収し、乾燥を行い、メタノールを完全に蒸発除去し、K2MnF6粉末を19g得た。
実施例1~8及び比較例1は、いずれも一般式:A2MF6:Mn4+で表され、元素AはK、元素MはSi、Fはフッ素、Mnはマンガンである蛍光体、すなわちK2SiF6:Mn4+で表される蛍光体に関する。比較例1は粒子表面にCa含有化合物を含有しない従来の蛍光体であり、実施例1~8は粒子表面にCa含有化合物を付着させた蛍光体である。
常温下で、容量1リットルのテフロン(登録商標)製のビーカーに濃度48質量%フッ化水素酸500mlを入れ、そこにK2SiF6粉末(和光純薬工業株式会社製、等級:化学用)50g及び前記方法で合成したK2MnF6粉末5gを入れ、懸濁液を調製した。
懸濁液の入ったテフロン(登録商標)製のビーカーをホットプレート上に載せ、撹拌しながら加熱を行った。約80℃まで加熱し、しばらく保持したところでビーカー内を確認したところ、粉末は完全に溶解し、薄褐色の溶液に変化した。このフッ化水素酸水溶液をさらに加熱し続け、溶媒を蒸発させた。溶媒の蒸発に伴い、淡黄色の結晶が析出した。溶媒量がかなり少なくなった状態で加熱を止め、室温まで冷却した。その後、濃度20質量%フッ化水素酸、メタノールでの洗浄を行い、ろ過により固形部を分離回収し、さらに乾燥処理により、残存メタノールを蒸発除去した。乾燥処理後の蛍光体に対し、目開き75μmのナイロン製篩を用い、この篩を通過したものだけに分級し、比較例1の蛍光体K2SiF6:Mn4+を得た。
比較例1の蛍光体20gを濃度20%のフッ化水素酸とメタノールの混合溶液(容積比が1:1)、100mlに添加し、懸濁液を調製した。
この懸濁液を撹拌しながら、濃度0.6mol%の塩化カルシウム水溶液を25ml添加した。添加後、さらに10分間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、懸濁液を静置し、蛍光体を沈殿させ、上澄み液を除去し、そこにメタノールを加え、撹拌・静置し、上澄み液を除去し、さらにメタノールを加えるという操作を、液が中性になるまで繰り返した。
その後、ろ過により、析出粒子を回収し、さらに乾燥を行い、メタノールを完全に蒸発除去し、実施例1の蛍光体を得た。
実施例2、3及び4は、蛍光体懸濁液に添加する塩化カルシウム水溶液の濃度をそれぞれ0.3mol%、0.8mol%、1.2mol%に変えたこと以外は実施例1と全く同じ方法及び条件で製造した。
実施例5~8は、蛍光体懸濁液に添加する塩化カルシウム水溶液の濃度をそれぞれ0.7mol%、0.2mol%、0.5mol%、1.4mol%に変えたこと以外は実施例1と全く同じ方法及び条件で製造した。
次に、得られた蛍光体を以下の方法で評価した。
まず、比較例1及び実施例1~4の蛍光体について、結晶相、励起スペクトル・蛍光スペクトル、量子効率、色度座標、原子組成比Ca/(K+Ca)、表面構造、耐湿性を評価した。評価結果を表1及び図1~4に示す。
蛍光体のX線回折パターンをX線回折装置(株式会社リガク製UltimaIV)で測定した。測定にはCuKα管球を使用した。
比較例1及び実施例1~4の蛍光体は、いずれもK2SiF6結晶と同一パターンであり、他の結晶相を含んでいなかった。K2SiF6結晶、実施例1の蛍光体、比較例1の蛍光体のX線回折の結果を図1に示す。
蛍光体の励起・蛍光スペクトルを分光蛍光光度計(株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製F-7000)で測定した。この測定における蛍光スペクトルの励起波長は455nm、励起スペクトルのモニター蛍光波長は632nmである。
比較例1の蛍光体の測定結果を図2に示す。比較例1の蛍光体は、ピーク波長350nm近傍の紫外光とピーク波長450nm近傍の青色光の二つの励起帯を有し、600~700nmの赤色域に複数の狭帯発光を有する蛍光体であった。
実施例1~4の蛍光体について分光蛍光光度計により測定した励起・蛍光スペクトルは、比較例1とほとんど同じ形状であった。
蛍光体の量子効率を次の方法により、常温で評価した。
積分球(φ60mm)の側面開口部(φ10mm)に反射率が99%の標準反射板(Labsphere社製スペクトラロン)をセットした。この積分球に、発光光源としてのXeランプから455nmの波長に分光した単色光を光ファイバーにより導入し、反射光のスペクトルを分光光度計(大塚電子株式会社製MCPD-7000)により測定した。その際、450~465nmの波長範囲のスペクトルから励起光フォトン数(Qex)を算出した。
次に、凹型のセルに表面が平滑になるように蛍光体を充填したものを積分球の開口部にセットし、波長455nmの単色光を照射し、励起の反射光及び蛍光のスペクトルを分光光度計により測定した。得られたスペクトルデータから励起反射光フォトン数(Qref)及び蛍光フォトン数(Qem)を算出した。
励起反射光フォトン数は、励起光フォトン数と同じ波長範囲で、蛍光フォトン数は、465~800nmの範囲で算出した。
得られた三種類のフォトン数から、外部量子効率=Qem/Qex×100、吸収率=(Qex-Qref)/Qex×100、内部量子効率=Qem/(Qex-Qref)×100を求めた。
蛍光体をセットして測定したスペクトルについてJIS Z 8724(色の測定方法-光源色-)に準じた方法で、JIS Z 8701に規定されるXYZ表色系における算出法により、CIE1931等色関数を用いて色度座標(x、y)を算出した。色度座標算出に用いる波長範囲は465~780nmとした。
X線光電子分光法により分析した蛍光体表面の原子組成比Ca/(Ca+A)は、蛍光体の粒子表面にあるCaの存在量の指標である。Ca及びKの存在量(原子%)は、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製K-Alphaを用いて、次の条件でXPS法により測定した。
X線源: 単色化Al-Kα
帯電中和: 電子銃100μA
分光系: パスエネルギー
200.00eV=ワイドスペクトル
50.0eV=ナロースペクトル[O1s,F1s,Si2p,K2p,Ca2p,Cl2p,Mn2p]
・測定領域: 400×200μm
・取り出し角: 90°(表面より)
一方、実施例1について蛍光体粒子表面の元素分析を行ったところ、Kが23原子%で、Caが6原子%であった。その結果、実施例1の蛍光体表面の原子組成比Ca/(K+Ca)は、Ca/(Ca+K)=6/(6+23)=0.21であった。実施例2、3、4の原子組成比Ca/(K+Ca)は、それぞれ0.07、0.36、0.52であった。
スパッタリング条件は、次の通りである。
スパッタイオン:Arイオン
イオンエネルギー:3keV
スパッタ速度:0.69nm/min(Ta2O5換算)
イオン照射範囲:2×4mm
この条件で60秒間スパッタする毎に元素分析を行った。
Caが検出下限以下になる深さは、実施例1の蛍光体で0.6μmであり、実施例2、3、4でそれぞれ0.4μm、0.9μm、1.6μmであった。
蛍光体の表面を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM/日本電子株式会社製、JSM-7001F SHL)で観察した。
比較例1の蛍光体の表面のSEM写真を図3に、実施例1の蛍光体の表面のSEM写真を図4にそれぞれ示す。
比較例1の蛍光体の表面には、結晶成長時に形成されたピット状の欠陥や階段状の欠陥及び異相と思われる微粒子が若干存在するものの、それ以外は平滑であった。
一方、実施例1の蛍光体の表面には、比較例1の蛍光体では見られなかったCa含有化合物の微粒子が多数付着していた。付着しているCa含有化合物はCaF2である。
蛍光体の耐湿性評価を次の方法で行った。
蛍光体をφ55mmのPFA製シャーレに3g入れ、恒温恒湿器(ヤマト科学株式会社製IW222)の槽内にセットし、温度60℃、相対湿度90%RHの高温高湿条件下で4時間処理した後、上記方法により外部量子効率を測定し、高温高湿処理前の外部量子効率と比較した。すなわち、[高温高湿処理後の外部量子効率]/[高温高湿処理前の外部量子効率]×100を算出し、耐湿性の指標として評価を行った。
比較例1の場合、高温高湿処理後の455nm励起の吸収率、内部量子効率、外部量子効率、色度座標(x、y)は、それぞれ76%、66%、50%、(0.690、0.307)であった。高温高湿処理により、内部量子効率が大幅に低下し、結果として外部量子効率が高温高湿処理前の79%となり、耐湿性評価の合格値である85%を下回った。
一方、実施例1の場合、高温高湿処理後の蛍光体の外部量子効率は62%であり、耐湿性評価は97%であった。また、実施例2~4の蛍光体の耐湿性評価は、それぞれ95%、98%、98%であった。
また、K2SiF6結晶、実施例5の蛍光体、比較例1の蛍光体のX線回折の結果を図5に示す。実施例5~8の蛍光体は、いずれもK2SiF6結晶と同一パターンであり、他の結晶相を含んでいなかった。
蛍光体の粒子最表面のMn量は、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製K-Alphaを用いて、次の条件でXPS法により測定した。
X線源: 単色化Al-Kα
帯電中和: 電子銃100μA
分光系: パスエネルギー
200.00eV=ワイドスペクトル
50.0eV=ナロースペクトル[O1s,F1s,Si2p,K2p,Ca2p,Cl2p,Mn2p]
・測定領域: 400×200μm
・取り出し角: 90°(表面より)
一方、粒子内部のMn量は、蛍光体サンプルをArイオンでスパッタリングしながらXPS法により測定した。
スパッタリング条件は、次の通りである。
スパッタイオン:Arイオン
イオンエネルギー:3keV
スパッタ速度:0.69nm/min(Ta2O5換算)
イオン照射範囲:2×4mm
一方、実施例5の場合、粒子最表面のMn量は0.2原子%であり、粒子内部のMn量は0.8原子%であった。つまり、[粒子最表面のMn量]/[粒子内部のMn量]の比率は25%であった。また、実施例6、7、8の蛍光体の[粒子最表面のMn量]/[粒子内部のMn量]の比率は、それぞれ55%、32%、10%であった。
実施例9~10及び比較例2は、いずれも一般式:A2MF6:Mn4+で表され、元素AはK、元素MはGe、Fはフッ素、Mnはマンガンである蛍光体、すなわちK2GeF6:Mn4+で表される蛍光体に関する。比較例2は粒子表面にCa含有化合物を含有させていない従来の蛍光体であり、実施例9及び10は粒子表面にCa含有化合物を含有させた蛍光体である。
実施例9~10及び比較例2の蛍光体のGe原料として使用するK2GeF6を、以下に示す方法で製造した。
常温下で、容量1リットルのテフロン(登録商標)製のビーカーに濃度55質量%フッ化水素酸800mlを入れ、GeO2粉末(高純度化学研究所社製、純度99.99%以上)42gを溶解させた。GeO2粉末の溶解熱により溶液温度が40℃以上まで上昇したため、30℃以下になるまで放冷した。このフッ化水素酸水溶液をマグネッティクスターラーで撹拌しながら、KHF2粉末(和光純薬工業株式会社製特級試薬)95gを添加した。添加後、約10分間撹拌を続けた後、撹拌を止め、溶液中の粒子を沈殿させた。
粒子の沈殿後、上澄み液を除去し、メタノールを加え、撹拌・静置し、上澄み液を除去し、さらにメタノールを加えるという操作を、液が中性になるまで繰り返した。その後、ろ過により、粒子を回収し、さらに乾燥を行い、メタノールを完全に除去し、白色粉末53gを得た。この白色粉末は、X線回折パターンを測定した結果、K2GeF6結晶単相であることを確認した。
常温下で、容量1リットルのテフロン(登録商標)製のビーカーに濃度48質量%フッ化水素酸500mlを入れ、そこに前記方法で合成したK2GeF6粉末50gとK2MnF6粉末4gを入れ、懸濁液を調製した。
この懸濁液を比較例1と同じ方法により加熱を行い、溶媒を蒸発させて、黄色の結晶を析出させ、濃度20質量%フッ化水素酸、メタノールでの洗浄を行い、ろ過、乾燥により黄色粉末状の比較例2の蛍光体を得た。
比較例2の黄色粉末は、X線回折の結果、K2GeF6結晶と同一パターンであり、他の結晶相は検出されなかった。
分光蛍光光度計により測定した励起・蛍光スペクトルを図6に示す。この測定における蛍光スペクトルの励起波長は455nm、励起スペクトルのモニター蛍光波長は632nmであった。比較例2の蛍光体の励起スペクトルは、比較例1に比べ、若干長波長側にシフトしているが、蛍光スペクトルは比較例1とほとんど同じであった。
波長455nmの青色光で励起した時の吸収率は78%、内部量子効率は88%、外部量子効率は68%、及び色度(x、y)は、(0.693、0.305)であった。
比較例2の蛍光体20gを濃度20%のフッ化水素酸とメタノールの混合溶液(容積比が1:1)、100mlに添加し、懸濁液を調製した。
この懸濁液を撹拌しながら、濃度0.6mol%の塩化カルシウムメタノール溶液を25ml添加した。添加後、さらに10分間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、懸濁液を静置し、蛍光体を沈殿させ、上澄み液を除去し、さらにメタノールを加えるという操作を液が中性になるまで繰り返した。その後、ろ過により、析出粒子を回収し、さらに乾燥を行い、メタノールを完全に蒸発除去し、実施例9の蛍光体を得た。
X線回折測定、励起・蛍光スペクトル測定の結果は、比較例2とほとんど同じであった。波長455nmの青色光で励起した時の吸収率は77%、内部量子効率は86%、外部量子効率は66%、及び色度(x、y)は、(0.695、0.305)であった。
比較例2の蛍光体20gを濃度20%のフッ化水素酸とメタノールの混合溶液(容積比が1:1)、100mlに添加し、懸濁液を調製した。
この懸濁液を撹拌しながら、濃度0.7mol%の塩化カルシウムメタノール溶液を25ml添加した。添加後、さらに10分間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、懸濁液を静置し、蛍光体を沈殿させ、上澄み液を除去し、さらにメタノールを加えるという操作を液が中性になるまで繰り返した。その後、ろ過により、析出粒子を回収し、さらに乾燥を行い、メタノールを完全に蒸発除去し、実施例10の蛍光体を得た。
X線回折測定、励起・蛍光スペクトル測定の結果は、比較例2とほとんど同じであった。波長455nmの青色光で励起した時の吸収率は76%、内部量子効率は86%、外部量子効率は65%、及び色度(x、y)は、(0.694、0.305)であった。
実施例1の蛍光体と、発光光源としての青色発光LEDを有する発光素子を作成した。この発光素子は、耐湿性に優れた実施例1の蛍光体を用いているので、演色性及び色再現性に優れることに加え、比較例1の蛍光体を用いた発光素子よりも時間の経過による輝度の低下が少なかった。
実施例11の発光素子を用いて発光装置としての照明装置を作成した。この発光装置は、耐湿性に優れた実施例1の蛍光体を用いているので、演色性及び色再現性に優れることに加え、比較例1の蛍光体を用いた発光装置よりも時間の経過による輝度の低下が少なかった。
Claims (8)
- 一般式:A2MF6:Mn4+で表され、元素Aは少なくともKを含有するアルカリ金属元素であり、元素MはSi、Ge、Sn、Ti、Zr及びHfから選ばれる一種以上の金属元素であり、Fはフッ素であり、Mnはマンガンである蛍光体であって、粒子表面にCa含有化合物を含有する蛍光体。
- X線光電子分光法(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)により分析した原子組成比Ca/(Ca+A)が0.05以上1以下である請求項1記載の蛍光体。
- Ca含有化合物が蛍光体の表面から1.5μmの深さまでの範囲に存在している請求項1又は2に記載の蛍光体。
- 蛍光体の粒子最表面のMn量が粒子内部のMn量より少ない請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光体。
- 蛍光体の粒子最表面のMn量が粒子内部のMn量の60%以下である請求項4記載の蛍光体。
- 元素AがKであり、元素MがSi及び/又はGeである請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光体と発光光源とを有する発光素子。
- 請求項7記載の発光素子を有する発光装置。
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JP2017095568A (ja) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-06-01 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 蛍光体、発光装置、照明装置及び画像表示装置 |
EP3336157A1 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-06-20 | Nichia Corporation | Fluorescent material, method of producing same, and light emitting device |
US10407615B2 (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2019-09-10 | Nichia Corporation | Fluorescent material, method of producing same, and light emitting device |
US11060023B2 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2021-07-13 | Current Lighting Solutions, Llc | Coated manganese doped phosphors |
JP2020019921A (ja) * | 2018-02-06 | 2020-02-06 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 蛍光体粒子 |
JP2020105283A (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-09 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | フッ化物蛍光体、発光装置及びフッ化物蛍光体の製造方法 |
WO2023062927A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-04-20 | ステラケミファ株式会社 | 赤色蛍光体及びその製造方法 |
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TW201542764A (zh) | 2015-11-16 |
KR20160127066A (ko) | 2016-11-02 |
US20170012181A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
JPWO2015129741A1 (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
JP6155382B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 |
CN106029832A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
US9680066B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
TWI652328B (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
KR102331842B1 (ko) | 2021-11-26 |
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