WO2015111172A1 - 機能性エアフィルター - Google Patents
機能性エアフィルター Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015111172A1 WO2015111172A1 PCT/JP2014/051418 JP2014051418W WO2015111172A1 WO 2015111172 A1 WO2015111172 A1 WO 2015111172A1 JP 2014051418 W JP2014051418 W JP 2014051418W WO 2015111172 A1 WO2015111172 A1 WO 2015111172A1
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
- A61L9/013—Deodorant compositions containing animal or plant extracts, or vegetable material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
- F24F8/108—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering using dry filter elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
- F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
- F24F8/167—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means using catalytic reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/005—General concepts, e.g. reviews, relating to methods of using catalyst systems, the concept being defined by a common method or theory, e.g. microwave heating or multiple stereoselectivity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/001—General concepts, e.g. reviews, relating to catalyst systems and methods of making them, the concept being defined by a common material or method/theory
- B01J2531/002—Materials
- B01J2531/005—Catalytic metals
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/04—Filters
Definitions
- the present invention is an air filter that is used by being attached to a vent of an air conditioner or an air purifier, and more specifically, it can effectively maintain a hygiene function that suppresses the growth of spiders and germs for a long period of time, and has safety.
- the present invention relates to a functional air filter that is high and has deodorizing properties.
- This type of air filter is generally a knitted fabric made of a monofilament made of a thermoplastic resin, and a compound having antibacterial properties in the material resin at the monofilament spinning stage, such as an organic halogen compound, an unsaturated carbonyl compound, an amide It is formed by kneading an appropriate amount of additives such as a compound based on triazole and a triazole based compound.
- additives such as a compound based on triazole and a triazole based compound.
- these compounds are generally inferior in heat resistance, so they may be decomposed and altered by the heating temperature at the time of melt spinning, and special moldings such as using a special raw material resin to keep the molding temperature as low as possible. Consideration is often necessary.
- the spun yarn has a problem in terms of stability over time because the particles exposed on the filament surface are eluted and exhibits antibacterial properties. Some are seen. Some antibacterial compounds use the antibacterial effect of metal ions such as silver, copper, and zinc, which is excellent in terms of safety, but the antibacterial effect may be lost due to metal surface oxidation. Yes, we cannot expect a stable effect over time.
- the deodorizing means is roughly classified into a method of spraying a deodorizing agent and neutralizing it by a chemical reaction with a substance such as ammonia or formaldehyde, which is a base of off-flavor, and a method of adsorbing by contacting with a deodorizing agent.
- the deodorizer used is activated carbon, zeolite, calcium carbonate, etc. having the shape of a porous granular material, and when this porous granular material is blended with a thermoplastic resin to form a monofilament, it is exposed to the filament surface layer.
- the functional additive in the case of fibers extruded by kneading the functional additive into the master batch in the raw material resin in advance, the functional additive often enters the inside of the fiber and does not come out on the surface. The function it has cannot be fully demonstrated.
- the object of the present invention is to spin the fiber material with good productivity and to solve the manufacturing problem as having excellent knitting efficiency.
- the functional air filter of the present invention is an intersection of a weft and a diametrical thread composed of a core and a thermoplastic core-sheath composite monofilament of a composite fiber having a lower melting point resin as a sheath.
- the functional air filter of the present invention is characterized in that, in the above (1), the particles are mixed particles in which fine particles are fixed on the surface of coarse particles.
- the coarse particles are silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, or a mixture thereof, and the fine particles are platinum, gold, silver, copper It is characterized by being metal particles such as nickel and stainless steel, or a mixture of these metal particles with catechin.
- the exposure of the particles from the surface of the sheath material is obtained by stretching a composite monofilament containing the particles in the longitudinal direction.
- the exposure of the particles from the surface of the sheath material is obtained by rotating a composite monofilament containing the particles. It is characterized by being.
- the core material can provide the necessary strength, and the sheath material has functions such as deodorant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Sex is obtained.
- the fine particles since the mixed particles with fine particles fixed on the surface of the coarse particles are exposed from the surface of the sheath material, the fine particles have excellent functionality such as deodorant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The effect of is demonstrated directly. Moreover, even if the filter is washed with water, the mixed particles are not easily detached from the sheath material, so that the functionality is maintained for a long time.
- the presence of the mixed particles contributes to improvement in dimensional stability and heat resistance of the composite monofilament constituting the air filter against environmental changes such as temperature and humidity changes. Furthermore, the mixed particles are blended only in the low melting point sheath material, and are extruded from the high melting point core material in the stretching operation so as to be exposed from the surface of the thin sheath material. Is exposed. Moreover, since the intersection of the weft and the warp is pressure-bonded and the sheath material is heat-sealed with each other, the dimension in the thickness direction of the air filter becomes constant, which facilitates automatic or manual cleaning.
- (A) shows the state which formed the air filter by the honeycomb weave
- (b) is the schematic which shows the state which crimped the weft and the warp, and formed the air filter.
- It is explanatory drawing which shows the other manufacturing method of the filter of embodiment of this invention.
- It is explanatory drawing which shows the method of the evaluation test of the filter of the Example of this invention.
- It is a graph which shows the deodorizing evaluation with respect to ammonia of the filter of the Example of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite monofilament of the embodiment, (a) is an explanatory view showing a state in which mixed particles are embedded in a sheath material Y, and (b) is a drawing by stretching the composite monofilament. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which exposed the particle
- the composite monofilament of the present embodiment is a core-sheath joint type composite filament composed of a core material X and a sheath material Y, and mixed particles contained in the sheath material Y. P is exposed on the surface of the sheath material Y.
- the core-sheath bonded type monofilament may be a conventionally known core-sheath type, and may be any of a concentric circular core-sheath type, an eccentric core-sheath type, and a multi-core core-sheath type.
- the core X of the composite monofilament is formed of a relative high melting point thermoplastic resin, and is a resin that becomes soft when heated to the glass transition temperature or melting point and can be molded into a desired shape.
- the sheath material Y of the composite monofilament is formed of a relative low melting point thermoplastic resin and is mixed with mixed particles.
- the core material X is The thing similar to the high melting point thermoplastic resin to comprise can be used.
- thermoplastic resin constituting the core material X and the sheath material Y examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, Teflon (registered trademark), ABS resin, AS resin, acrylic resin, and the like. In the present invention, any of them can be used.
- polyethylene is a polymer having the simplest structure obtained by polymerization of ethylene, and includes high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ultra low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Either can be used.
- the polyethylene may be not only a homopolymer of ethylene but also a copolymer with an ⁇ -olefin such as propylene or butene-1 mainly composed of ethylene.
- the melt index (MI) of polyethylene is often 0.1 to 100, preferably 0.2 to 80. MI represents the mass of a sample extruded for 10 minutes under the conditions of a temperature of 190 ° C., a load of 2160 g, and an orifice hole diameter of 2.092 mm in g.
- the polypropylene constituting the core material X and the sheath material Y is a polymer obtained by polymerizing propylene, and is not only a propylene homopolymer but also a copolymer with propylene-based ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene and butene-1. It may be.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of polypropylene is 0.3 to 400, preferably 0.5 to 200.
- a typical example of polypropylene is a propylene homopolymer having a melting point of, for example, 150 ° C. or more, and a composite filament having such a high melting point polypropylene as a core material X has spinnability, stretchability, physical properties (strength, dimensional stability). ) And the like.
- melt flow rate (MFR) represents the mass of the sample extruded for 10 minutes on the conditions of temperature 230 degreeC, load 2160g, and orifice hole diameter 2.092mm in g number.
- the thermoplastic resin used as the sheath material Y is a thermoplastic resin having a lower melting point than the thermoplastic resin used as the core material X.
- a resin having a melting point of 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably 30 ° C. or lower is used.
- it when it is set as the core material X and the sheath material Y by the same kind of resin, it can be set as the high melting-point core material X by enlarging the average molecular weight of resin.
- the core-sheath type composite monofilament since the melting point of the sheath material Y is lower than the melting point of the core material X, the composite monofilament is stretched and the mixed particles contained in the sheath material Y are changed into the hard core material X. And can be exposed from the surface of the sheath material Y. Moreover, when the melting point of the sheath material Y is low, the intersection of the weft and the diameter yarn of the core-sheath type composite monofilament when the filter is configured can be fused. For example, it is usually preferable to use a material in which the sheath material Y is fused at a temperature of about 160 to 240 ° C. In addition, the kind of resin of a core material and resin of a sheath material may be the same, or may differ.
- the thickness of the core-sheath type composite monofilament is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined, but it is usually preferably about 50 to 400 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the kind of the mixed particles P to be blended in the sheath material Y is not particularly limited as long as it is not melted by heating during stretching of the composite monofilament, and examples thereof include particles of resin, metal, glass, ceramics, and the like. It is done.
- the filter can have the function.
- the mixed particles for example, particles having fine particles P2 fixed to the surface of coarse particles P1 serving as a base as shown in FIG. 2 are used. By fixing the fine particles having functionality to the surface of the coarse particles, the fine particles having functionality are prevented from being buried in the resin, and by exposing them to the surface of the sheath material Y, A fine particle function can be provided.
- the size of the coarse particles P1 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include particles having an average particle size of about 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the type of coarse particles is not particularly limited, and any particles that do not melt in the molding of a thermoplastic resin may be used, and examples thereof include particles of ceramics, glass, resin, metal, resin, and the like.
- the shape is not particularly limited, such as a spherical shape, an oval shape, a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, a polygonal solid, and a flat body.
- Ceramic particles examples include alumina, silica, zirconia, and titania, and various ceramics such as a mixture thereof can be used.
- ceramic particles include organic solvents such as polyvalent metal salts of inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, fluorides and siliceous fluorides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, colloidal silica, and alcohols.
- An organosilica sol as a medium can be used.
- clay minerals Various clay minerals, oxides, hydroxides, composite oxides, nitrides, carbides, silicides, borides, zeolites, cristobalite, diatomaceous earth, polyvalent metal salts of silicic acid, and the like can also be used.
- clay minerals include kaolin, wax, sericite, and bentonite.
- oxide include alumina, titania, silica, zirconia, and magnesia.
- the hydroxide include aluminum, zinc, magnesium, calcium, manganese hydroxide, and the like.
- Examples of the composite oxide include alum and mica
- examples of the nitride include silicon nitride and boron nitride
- examples of the carbide include silicon carbide and boron carbide.
- examples of the polyvalent metal salt of silicic acid include aluminum salts, zinc salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, and manganese salts.
- the hollow body of the coarse particle mentioned above can also be used as a coarse particle.
- the hollow body means that the inside of the particle has one or two or more independent bubbles (closed hollow portions) that do not communicate with the outside. Examples thereof include ceramic balloons made of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, calcium carbonate, etc., glass balloons made of glass, shirasu balloons, and the like, and perlite foams and fly ash balloons can also be used.
- the size (inner diameter) of the hollow part of the hollow body is not particularly specified. By using a hollow body, a composite filament can be reduced in weight.
- the composite monofilament sheath material formed of a low melting thermoplastic resin is likely to float on the surface of the sheath material when melted, and is easily exposed to the surface as mixed particles. Become. Furthermore, by using a closed hollow, water absorption of the mixed particles can be eliminated, and absorption of moisture into the filter can be prevented.
- the fine particles P2 supported on the surface of the coarse particles may be smaller than the above-mentioned coarse particles, for example, those having an average particle diameter of about 1 to 10 nm.
- the type is not particularly limited, metal particles such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, nickel, and stainless steel can be cited, and about 10 to 30% by mass of catechin or the like is mixed with these metal particles. You can also.
- the fine particles nano-order the functionality of the fine particles can be provided in the mixed particles.
- metal particles such as platinum, gold, and silver are said to have catalytic and antibacterial functions, but by fixing fine particles to the surface of coarse particles, expensive metal particles such as platinum, gold, and silver Can be efficiently exposed to the surface of the sheath material, and the filter can be provided with catalytic effects such as antibacterial action, deodorant action, and antioxidant action over a long period of time.
- the fine particles be 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the coarse particles.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 1 part by mass.
- a mixture of fine particles and coarse particles is heated and sintered, and mixed particles in which fine particles are firmly fixed to the surface of coarse particles; Even when exposed on the surface of the sheath material without being buried in the resin, it is possible to prevent the fine particles from falling off.
- fine particles such as platinum are made into a colloidal state (fine particle-containing dispersion) with a colloid agent, and coarse particles, a binder (for example, colloidal silica), and a dispersion medium (water, alcohol, etc.) are mixed therewith.
- a colloidal state fine particle-containing dispersion
- coarse particles coarse particles
- a binder for example, colloidal silica
- a dispersion medium water, alcohol, etc.
- colloidal agent examples include thickeners, surfactants, carboxyl group-containing compounds containing a carboxyl group in the chemical structure, polyacrylic acid (including salts such as Na and K), polymethacrylic acid ( (Including salts such as Na and K), polyacrylic acid ester, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyvinylpyrrolidone (especially poly-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), polyvinyl alcohol, aminopectin, pectin, methylcellulose, methylsulose, glutathione , Cyclodextrin, polycyclodextrin, dodecanethiol, organic acid (hydroxycarbanoic acid such as citric acid), glycerin fatty acid ester (polysorbate), cationic micelle-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, surfactant (anionic, Cationic, amphoteric, nonionic ), Alkali metal salts of alkyl sulfates, mixtures thereof can be
- the colloidal agent is a carboxy group-containing compound
- the content of the colloidal silica as the binder is preferably 10% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less based on the total solid content.
- Colloidal silica has a particle size of about 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the fine particles are platinum
- platinum fine particles are obtained by refluxing a solution in which a platinum metal salt and a protective agent (for example, an organic acid) are dissolved in a mixed solution of water and alcohol.
- the fine particle-containing dispersion is prepared by precipitating particles. Thereafter, the dispersion can be replaced with alcohol (ethanol or the like).
- the replacement method include a method of repeating an operation of adding a dispersion medium (such as alcohol) after replacement after evaporating a part of the dispersion medium before replacement.
- the dispersion medium is removed from the surface of the coarse particles (oxidation removal step).
- the dispersion medium is removed by oxidizing and removing the colloidal agent by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere, but the colloidal silica as the binder is melted or softened, and fine particles are supported on the surface of the coarse particles.
- the heating temperature is preferably about 800 ° C. to 1100 ° C., more preferably 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C. in consideration of the melting or softening temperature of the binder.
- the heating time can be appropriately set according to the time required for the colloidal agent to be oxidized and removed, and can be set to about 1 to 3 hours, for example.
- Spray drying treatment can be employed as a method for making the above-mentioned fixed matter into a powder form.
- the spray drying process is a processing method in which a slurry-like liquid material as a raw material is processed into a fine powder form.
- the slurry-like liquid substance is heated and dried simultaneously with spraying in hot air to obtain a dry powder.
- the spray / heat drying conditions may be a temperature at which the dispersion medium can be quickly removed by evaporation, for example, about 180 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- thermoplastic resin and mixed particles In such a raw material structure, it is important that the mixed particles are blended in an amount of 0.2 to 5.0% by weight with respect to the thermoplastic resin. In other words, if the amount of the mixed particles is less than this, sufficient antibacterial and deodorizing functions cannot be obtained, and conversely, even if the amount is large, the functionality reaches a peak, leading to an increase in unnecessary material costs, and into the resin. This is because there is a problem of productivity deterioration such as difficulty in uniformly dispersing.
- the ratio of the thermoplastic resin and the mixed particles in the sheath material is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. The amount is preferably 2 to 30 parts by mass.
- the blended amount of the mixed particles When the blended amount of the mixed particles is too small, the desired deodorant property, antimicrobial property, physiological activity, antioxidant property, etc. are not fully exhibited, while the latter blended amount is excessively increased. However, not only does the functionality not exceed a certain level, but also the negative aspects of the reduction of the productivity of the composite monofilament constituting the filter and the decrease in strength and texture become conspicuous.
- the composite monofilament of the present embodiment includes a high melting point thermoplastic resin and a low melting point thermoplastic resin mixed with mixed particles, a high melting point thermoplastic resin as a core X, and a low melting point mixed with mixed particles. It can manufacture by coextrusion molding at the temperature more than each melting temperature so that the thermoplastic resin of this may become the sheath material Y.
- the composite monofilament is fed into the extruder by two series of extruders and a filament molding apparatus equipped with a composite nozzle having a core-sheath structure in which the discharge holes are substantially concentric circles.
- a filament molding apparatus equipped with a composite nozzle having a core-sheath structure in which the discharge holes are substantially concentric circles.
- thermoplastic resins for sheath and core materials auxiliary agents such as antioxidants, UV absorbers, colorants, lubricants, antistatic agents, matting agents, fluidity improvers, plasticizers and flame retardants are necessary. Can also be added.
- the thermoplastic resin of the sheath material containing the mixed particles is combined with a stabilizer such as an antioxidant and a molding aid effective for improving aggregation and dispersibility including metal soap. It is preferable to ensure uniform dispersion of the mixed particles.
- an appropriate amount of metal ion sources such as copper salt, iron salt, calcium salt, titanium salt, aluminum salt, silver salt, tin salt, zinc salt, chromium salt, and cobalt salt coexist. You can also let them.
- the produced unstretched composite monofilament is stretched by a subsequent stretching process to reduce the thickness of the sheath material Y, thereby mixing the mixed particles blended in the sheath material Y, It is exposed on the surface of the sheath material Y.
- the sheath material is further stretched to reduce the thickness of the sheath material. A part of the mixed particles blended therein is exposed on the surface of the sheath material.
- the wall thickness of the sheath after stretching is not particularly specified, but it is desirable to make it smaller than the average particle diameter of the mixed particles.
- the stretch ratio when the ratio is too small, the ratio of exposing the mixed particles blended in the sheath material to the surface of the sheath material is insufficient, so the stretch ratio is preferably 5 times or more. .
- the draw ratio is too large, troubles such as easy delamination at the core-sheath joint interface may occur, so the upper limit of the draw ratio is generally preferably about 10 times.
- the stretching temperature is higher than the softening temperature of the thermoplastic resin constituting the sheath material. Further, by mixing titanium oxide or metal particles effective as a photocatalyst into the composite monofilament and exposing them on the surface of the sheath material Y, a material having an extremely efficient photocatalytic function can be obtained.
- ⁇ Rotation> As a means for exposing particles embedded in the sheath material from the surface of the sheath material, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), not only stretching but also rotating by holding one end of the core-sheath type composite monofilament after extrusion molding The particles can also be exposed from the sheath material surface by centrifugal force.
- the exposure condition is easily determined when the rotational speed is fast, but is appropriately determined because it is related to the strength of the composite monofilament.
- the filter of the embodiment of the present invention can be a functional filter (a filter for an air conditioner, an air cleaner, a vacuum cleaner, etc.) using the composite monofilament.
- 3A and 3B are cross-sectional explanatory views showing the structure of the filter according to the embodiment, where FIG. 3A shows a state in which a filter is formed by honeycomb weaving, and FIG. 3B shows a state in which a filter is formed by crimping weft and warp yarns.
- FIG. 3A shows a state in which a filter is formed by honeycomb weaving
- FIG. 3B shows a state in which a filter is formed by crimping weft and warp yarns.
- the fiber material typified by the composite monofilament thus obtained is a knitted fabric that forms an air filter, and a general structure as a knitted fabric, specifically a plain weave, Examples include mojiri weave, imitation weave and leash weave.
- honeycomb structure made of fiber material with a fineness of 80 to 500 dr JIS-). L0206-1976 fiber terminology (textile section)) is preferred (see FIG. 3 (a)).
- the honeycomb woven structure is characterized by a three-dimensional structure in which irregularities are formed on the front and back surfaces, which can be woven in series with a sulzer loom, etc.
- the density can be 30 to 75 pieces / inch.
- ⁇ Heat fusion> In this invention, after forming a filter, the intersection of the warp and weft of a sheath material is adhere
- thermocompression-bonding roll type heater As an apparatus for heating and heat-bonding the intersection of the yarns of the fabric, a hot air heater, an infrared heater, a far infrared heater, a high pressure steam heater, an ultrasonic heater, a hot roll heater, A thermocompression-bonding roll type heater can be used. A plurality of these can also be used in combination.
- the fusion of the intersection of the warp and weft of the above-mentioned sheath material is not a woven fabric as shown in FIG. 3 (a), but an arrangement of warp and weft as shown in FIG. After preparing the lower layer and forming the filter in the form of a net by overlapping the upper layer and the lower layer on top and bottom, their intersections are thermally fused.
- silica (SiO 2) 35.5% colloidal silica H 2 O is blended into the composition of 64.5%, was added the same mass parts.
- This mixed solution was sprayed and dried in a tank using hot air of 200 ° C. using a spray dryer (spray dryer).
- the obtained powder was recovered, then placed in a ceramic container and heated in an electric furnace at about 900 to 1000 ° C. for 1 hour (oxidation removal of the colloidal agent).
- citric acid as a colloid agent is oxidized and volatilized, and mixed particles P in which platinum nanoparticles (fine particles P2) having a volume average particle size of about 5 nm are fixed on the surface of silica (coarse particles P1) having a size of about 1 ⁇ m. It was created.
- polypropylene (PP) having a melting point of 163 ° C. and an MFR of 3.1 was prepared as a thermoplastic resin for the core material X.
- Polypropylene (PP) having a melting point of 128 ° C. and an MFR of 17.3 was prepared as a thermoplastic resin for the sheath material.
- the said mixed particle P is mixed with the thermoplastic resin of a sheath material (5 mass parts mix
- the core material X was co-extruded at 230 ° C.
- the composite monofilament of 300 denier which exposed the said mixed particle P from the surface of the sheath material was extended
- the core material X was 200 denier.
- a honeycomb woven structure having a driving density of 60 ⁇ 60 yarns / inch, a side of each honeycomb structure unit of 5.2 mm, and a thickness of 2.2 mm is woven.
- a filter was used.
- Example filter of the present invention (b) Conventional product (filter of polypropylene composite monofilament fiber, no mixing of mixed particles into the fiber) (C) idling (no filter) The filter is formed of a honeycomb weave of 34 warps and 33 wefts.
- ⁇ Test method (deodorization test method and evaluation contents)> As shown in FIG. 5, a 1 m 3 container that can be sealed in the shape of a cube is prepared, and an air purifier that can be operated remotely from the outside is installed in the container, and the size is set to 300 ⁇ 300 mm for each measurement. Two deodorizing filters to be used as test specimens were installed on the entire surface where the filter was attached, and a circulation system was prepared so that the odor distribution in the container was uniform. To prepare for the odor measurement, first install five cigarettes in the smoke absorber, ignite them at the same time, and burn them in about 6 to 8 minutes. When the first one reaches the filter, stop the smoke absorber. The remaining cigarettes smoked naturally.
- the smoke absorber was installed in the center of the floor of the test space. While the cigarette smoked and smoked, the air cleaner fitted with the filter stopped operating, and when the last cigarette burned out, it was started by remote control.
- the odor was measured by using an odor sensor as an initial concentration after about 5 minutes from the operation of the air cleaner, and using a gas detector tube for acetaldehyde and ammonia.
- the deodorization performance was measured after the air cleaner was operated for 30 minutes and 60 minutes and then stopped. Moreover, about acetaldehyde, it carried out independently separately from the tobacco smoke test, and the deodorization test was implemented using the acetaldehyde standard solution.
- Example 3 Using a hollow shirasu balloon having an average particle diameter of about 2 ⁇ m as the coarse particles P1 of Example 2, the mixture particles P are rotated as shown in FIG. 1C (rotation speed: 100 times / minute). A filter was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composite monofilament was formed by exposing it to the surface. When the deodorizing effect was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, the same effect as in Example 1 was obtained. ⁇ Example 3>
- Example 1 a hollow shirasu balloon having an average particle diameter of about 2 ⁇ m was used as the coarse particles P1 in Example 3 and 10 mass% catechin powder was added to the platinum nanocolloid dispersion as the fine particles P2.
- a filter was formed as in Example 1.
- the functional filter of the present invention provides the required strength with the core material, and functional properties such as deodorant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties with the sheath material, and particles from the surface of the sheath material. Since the exposed composite monofilament is used, the functional effect of the particles is directly exhibited and the industrial applicability is extremely high.
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Abstract
Description
そして、こうした傾向は消費者の手が直接に触れるものに限られるものではなく、例えば、現在では生活必需品ともなっているエアコンや空気清浄機のエアフィルターにおいても黴や雑菌の繁殖抑制処理がなされ、さらに空気と接触する使用方法から脱臭機能を付与して、効果的に清浄な空気にする試みがある。
しかし、これら化合物は一般的には耐熱性に劣っているため、溶融紡糸時の加熱温度により分解変質することがあり、特別な原料樹脂を使用して成形温度をできる限り低く抑えるなど、特別な配慮が必要なことが多い。
また紡糸されたものは、専らフィラメント表面に露出した粒体が溶出して抗菌性が発揮されるものであるため、経時的な安定効果の点で問題があると共に、化合物のなかには安全性に疑問視されるものも存在している。
抗菌性化合物として、銀、銅、亜鉛などの金属イオンによる抗菌効果を利用したものもあり、これは安全性の面では優れたものといえるが、金属の表面酸化によって抗菌効果が滅失することがあり、やはり経時的な安定効果は期待できない。
したがって、用いる脱臭剤は、多孔質粉粒体の形状を有する活性炭、ゼオライト、炭酸カルシウムなどであり、この多孔質粉粒体は熱可塑性樹脂に配合してモノフィラメントを成形すると、フィラメント表層に露出する一部の微孔のみが吸着作用を有しているの止まり、脱臭機能として効率的でないし、また長期間の使用で吸着性能が著しく低下する点で問題となっている。
このような従来技術として特開平11-309314号公報がある。
また、機能性添加剤を、原料樹脂中のマスターバッチに予め練り込んで押し出した繊維の場合には、機能性添加剤が繊維の内部に入って表面に出てこないことが多く、添加物の持つ機能を十分に発揮することができない。
さらに、樹脂に添加剤を練り込んだ繊維の場合と同様に、添加剤が接着剤の内部に入って表面に出てこないことが多く、添加剤の持つ機能を十分に発揮することができない。
そこで、本発明の目的は、生産性良好に繊維材料を紡糸して、また編織成の効率に優れたものとして製造上の問題点を解決し、さらに得られる製品としても、長期間にわたって黴や雑菌の繁殖を抑制する充分な機能を維持することができ、衛生的で安全性の高く、かつ脱臭性を有する機能性エアフィルターを提供することである。
前記鞘材同士が熱融着して得られるフィルターであって、前記複合モノフィラメントは、その鞘材に配合した粒子の一部を鞘材の表面から露出させるようにしたものであることを特徴とする。
(2)本発明の機能性エアフィルターは、上記(1)において、前記粒子が、粗大粒子の表面に微細粒子を固着させた混合粒子であることを特徴とする。
(3)本発明の機能性エアフィルターは、上記(2)において、前記粗大粒子が、シリカ、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、又はこれらの混合物であり、前記微細粒子が、白金、金、銀、銅、ニッケル、ステンレスなどの金属粒子や、これらの金属粒子にカテキンを混合したものであることを特徴とする。
(4)本発明の機能性エアフィルターは、上記(1)~(3)のいずれかにおいて、前記鞘材の表面からの粒子の露出は、粒子を配合した複合モノフィラメントを長手方向に延伸してなるものであることを特徴とする。
(5)本発明の機能性エアフィルターは、上記(1)~(3)のいずれかにおいて、前記鞘材の表面からの粒子の露出は、粒子を配合した複合モノフィラメントを回転させてなるものであることを特徴とする。
また、鞘材の表面から、粗大粒子の表面に微細粒子を固着させた混合粒子が露出しているので、微細粒子が有する、消臭性、抗微生物性、抗酸化性などの優れた機能性の効果が直接発揮される。
しかも、フィルターを水洗いするような使い方をしても、混合粒子が鞘材から容易には脱離しないので、その機能性が長期にわたり持続する。
さらに、混合粒子の存在は、温湿度変化などの環境変化に対するエアフィルターを構成する複合モノフィラメントの寸法安定性や耐熱性の向上にも貢献する。
さらにまた、混合粒子は、低融点の鞘材にのみ配合し、延伸操作で、高融点の芯材によって押し出されるようにして、薄肉となる鞘材の表面から露出させるので、確実にエアフィルター表面に露出している。
また、緯糸と経糸との交点を圧着して鞘材同士で熱融着しているので、これにより、エアフィルターの厚み方向の寸法が一定となり、自動又は手動で掃除が容易となる。
具体的には、ポリプロピレン、高密度ポリエチレン、中密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、エチレン-プロピレン共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-アクリル酸エステル共重合体などの単独または組み合わせた樹脂組成物である。
図1は実施の形態の複合モノフィラメントの断面図であり、(a)は混合粒子が鞘材Yの中に埋設された状態を示す説明図であり、(b)は複合モノフィラメントを延伸して混合粒子を鞘材Yの表面上に露出させた状態を示す説明図であり、(c)は複合モノフィラメントを回転させて混合粒子を鞘材Yの表面上に露出させた状態を示す説明図である。
図1(b)に示すように、本実施形態の複合モノフィラメントは、芯材Xと鞘材Yとで構成された芯鞘接合型の複合フィラメントであり、鞘材Y中に含まれた混合粒子Pが、鞘材Yの表面に露出している。
芯鞘接合型の複合モノフィラメントは、従来公知の芯鞘型であればよく、同心円芯鞘型、偏心芯鞘型、多心芯鞘型のいずれであってもよい。
複合モノフィラメントの芯材Xは相対的な高融点熱可塑性樹脂で形成されており、ガラス転移温度または融点まで加熱することによって軟らかくなり、目的の形に成形できる樹脂である。
複合モノフィラメントの鞘材Yは、相対的な低融点熱可塑性樹脂で形成されるとともに混合粒子が配合されており、鞘材Yを構成する低融点熱可塑性樹脂の例としても、上記芯材Xを構成する高融点熱可塑性樹脂と同様のものを用いることができる。
また、ポリエチレンとしては、エチレンが重合した最も単純な構造をもつ高分子であり、高密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、超低密度ポリエチレン、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、超高分子量ポリエチレン、があるが、いずれも使用可能である。ポリエチレンは、エチレンのホモポリマーのみならず、エチレンを主体とするプロピレンやブテン-1などのα-オレフィンとの共重合体であってもよい。
ポリエチレンのメルトインデックス(MI)は、0.1~100、好ましくは0.2~80とすることが多い。なお、MIとあるのは、温度190℃、荷重2160g、オリフィス孔径2.092mmの条件で10分間押し出した試料の質量をg数で表わしたものである。
また、鞘材Yの融点が低いことによって、フィルターに構成した場合の芯鞘型複合モノフィラメントの緯糸及び径糸の交点を融着させることができる。例えば、通常、160~240℃程度の温度で鞘材Y同士が融着するものを用いるのが好ましい。
なお、芯材の樹脂と鞘材の樹脂の種類は、同じであっても異なっていてもよい。
鞘材Yに配合する混合粒子Pの種類は、特に限定するものではないが、複合モノフィラメントの延伸時の加熱で溶融しないものであればよく、樹脂、金属、ガラス、セラミックス、などの粒子が挙げられる。混合粒子Pを鞘材Yに添加することにより、フィルターにその機能を持たせることができる。混合粒子としては、例えば図2に示すような、ベースとなる粗大粒子P1の表面に微細粒子P2を固着させたものを用いる。
機能性を有する微細粒子を粗大粒子の表面に固着させることにより、機能性を有する微細粒子が樹脂の中に埋もれてしまうことを防止し、鞘材Yの表面に露出させることにより、フィルターにその微細粒子の機能を持たせることができる。
粗大粒子P1とは、その大きさを特に限定するものではないが、その平均粒径が1~100μm程度の大きさを有するものが挙げられる。粗大粒子の種類は、特に限定するものではないが、熱可塑性樹脂の成型において溶融しないものであればよく、セラミックス、ガラス、樹脂、金属、樹脂などの粒子が挙げられる。また、その形としては、球状、卵型状、立方体、直方体、多角立体、扁平体、など、特にその形状は限定するものではない。
また、各種の粘土鉱物、酸化物、水酸化物、複合酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、ケイ化物、ホウ化物、ゼオライト、クリストバライト、ケイ藻土、ケイ酸の多価金属塩なども用いることができる。
粘土鉱物としては、カオリン、ろう石、セリサイト、ベントナイトなどが挙げられる。
酸化物としては、アルミナ、チタニア、シリカ、ジルコニア、マグネシアなどが挙げられる。
水酸化物としては、アルミニウム、亜鉛、マグネシウム、カルシウム、マンガンの水酸化物などが挙げられる。
複合酸化物としてはミョウバン、雲母などが挙げられ、窒化物としては窒化ケイ素、窒化ホウ素などが挙げられ、炭化物としては炭化ケイ素、炭化ホウ素などが挙げられる。
ケイ酸の多価金属塩としては、アルミニウム塩、亜鉛塩、マグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩、マンガン塩などが挙げられる。
さらに、粗大粒子として、上述した粗大粒子の中空体を用いることもできる。中空体とは、粒子内部が、外部と連通しない独立した気泡(閉鎖型中空部)を、1つ又は2つ以上有するものをいう。例えば、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、炭酸カルシウム等を素材としたセラミックバルーン、ガラスを素材としたガラスバルーン、シラスバルーンなどが挙げられ、またパーライト発泡体、フライアッシュバルーンも用いることができる。中空体の中空部の大きさ(内径)は特に規定するものではない。中空体を用いることにより、複合フィラメントを軽量化することができる。
また、閉鎖型中空を有する粗大粒子とすることで、低融点熱可塑性樹脂で形成される複合モノフィラメントの鞘材が溶融時において、鞘材の表面に浮上しやすく、混合粒子として表面に露出しやすくなる。
さらに、閉鎖型中空とすることで、混合粒子の吸水性をなくすことができ、フィルターへの水分の吸収を防止できる。
粗大粒子の表面に担持させる微細粒子P2は上述した粗大粒子の粒径よりも小径のもの、例えば、その平均粒径が1~10nm程度の直径を有するものが挙げられる。
また、その種類を特に限定するものではないが、白金、金、銀、銅、ニッケル、ステンレス、などの金属粒子が挙げられ、これらの金属粒子にカテキンなどを10~30質量%程度混合することもできる。
微細粒子をナノオーダーとすることで、微細粒子の有する機能性を混合粒子に具備させることができる。例えば、白金,金、銀などの金属粒子は、触媒や抗菌の機能を有するとされるが、微細粒子を粗大粒子の表面に固着させることで、高価である白金,金、銀などの金属粒子を鞘材の表面に効率よく露出させることができ、フィルターに、長期にわたる抗菌作用や消臭作用、抗酸化作用などの触媒効果を具備させることができる。
混合粒子における、粗大粒子と微細粒子との間の関係において、粗大粒子100質量部に対し微細粒子を0.1~10質量部とすることが望ましい。好ましくは0.1~5質量部、さらに好ましくは0.2~1質量部である。微細粒子の割合が余りに少ないときには、所望の抗菌性、消臭性、抗酸化性などの機能性の発揮が不足し、微細粒子の割合が余りに多いときには、粗大粒子に対するバランスを崩し、コスト的にもアップする。
なお、微細粒子を粗大粒子の表面に担持させるには、例えば、微細粒子と粗大粒子とを混合したものを加熱焼結して、粗大粒子の表面に微細粒子を強固に固着させた混合粒子とすることができ、樹脂の中に埋もれずに鞘材の表面上に露出した場合においても、微細粒子の脱落を防止することができる。
上述のコロイド化剤としては、増粘剤、界面活性剤、カルボキシル基を化学構造中に含むカルボキシル基含有化合物が挙げられ、ポリアクリル酸(Na、Kなどの塩を含む)、ポリメタクリル酸(Na、Kなどの塩を含む)、ポリアクリル酸エステル、ポリメタクリル酸エステル、ポリビニルピロリドン(特に、ポリ-1-ビニル-2-ピロリドン)、ポリビニルアルコール、アミノペクチン、ペクチン、メチルセルロース、メチルスロース、グルタチオン、シクロデキストリン、ポリシクロデキストリン、ドデカンチオール、有機酸(クエン酸などのヒドロキシカルバン酸)、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル(ポリソルべー卜)、カチオン性ミセル-臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム、界面活性剤(アニオン性、カチオン性、両性、ノニオン性)、アルキル硫酸エステルのアルカリ金属塩、それらの混合物が例示できる。
置換方法としては、置換前の分散媒の一部を蒸発させた後に、置換後の分散媒(アルコールなど)を添加する操作を繰り返す方法が例示できる。
微細粒子含有分散液と、粗大粒子と、結合剤とを混合してスラリー状態の液状物質とし、粗大粒子の表面にコロイド状態の微細粒子(微細粒子含有分散液)を固着させた後(固着させたものを固着物という)、粉末状にし、乾燥することで、固着物中の微細粒子含有分散液中の分散媒を除去して、微細粒子を粗大粒子の表面に固着(担持)させる。
この場合の加熱温度は、結合剤の溶融乃至軟化温度を考慮し、800℃~1100℃程度にすることが望ましく、900℃~1000℃にすることが更に望ましい。
加熱時間は、コロイド化剤が酸化除去されるために必要な時間に応じて適正に設定可能であり、例えば、1時間~3時間程度にすることができる。
本実施形態において、噴霧・加熱乾燥の条件としては、分散媒を速やかに蒸発除去することができる温度、例えば、180℃~250℃程度とすることができる。
このような原材料の構成において、熱可塑性樹脂に対して混合粒子は0.2~5.0重量%が配合することが肝要である。即ち、混合粒子がこれより少量であると充分な抗菌や脱臭機能が得られず、逆に多量であっても機能性が頭打ちとなって無用な材料費のコスト上昇を招くと共に、樹脂中への均一分散が困難になるなど生産性悪化の問題が生じるからである。
鞘材における熱可塑性樹脂と混合粒子の割合は、熱可塑性樹脂100質量部に対して、混合粒子の割合を1~50質量部とすることが望ましい。好ましくは2~30質量部である。混合粒子の配合量が余りに少ないときは、所望の消臭性、抗微生物性、生理活性、抗酸化性などの機能性が充分には発揮されず、一方、後者の配合量を余りに多くしても、機能性は一定以上に上がらないばかりでなく、フィルターを構成する複合モノフィラメントの生産性が低下したり、強度や風合が低下したりするというマイナス面が目立つようになる。
複合モノフィラメントにおける芯材Xと鞘材Yとの割合は、質量比で、芯材X:鞘材Y=30:70~80:20、好ましくは、35:65~75:25である。鞘材Yの割合が少ないと混合粒子の割合が小となるので所望の機能性が充分には奏されなくなるからである。
一方、鞘材Yの割合が多いと、延伸後において混合粒子が鞘材Yの中に埋もれてしまい鞘材Yの表面に露出されなくおそれが大きくなるからである。
本実施形態の複合モノフィラメントは、高融点の熱可塑性樹脂と、混合粒子が配合された低融点の熱可塑性樹脂とを、高融点の熱可塑性樹脂が芯材X、混合粒子が配合された低融点の熱可塑性樹脂が鞘材Yとなるように、それぞれの溶融温度以上の温度で共押出成形することにより製造することができる。
また、混合粒子の担持性を向上させるため、銅塩、鉄塩、カルシウム塩、チタン塩、アルミニウム塩、銀塩、スズ塩、亜鉛塩、クロム塩、コバルト塩などの金属イオン源を適当量共存させておくこともできる。
なお、延伸後の鞘材の肉厚は特に規定するものではないが、混合粒子の平均粒径よりも小さくすることが望ましい。
一方、延伸倍率を余りに大きくすると、芯鞘接合界面において層間剥離を起こしやすくなるなどのトラブルを生ずることがあるので、延伸倍率の上限は一般には10倍程度までとすることが好ましい。
また、延伸温度は、鞘材を構成する熱可塑性樹脂の軟化温度以上で行うことが望ましい。
また、複合モノフィラメントに、光触媒として有効な酸化チタンや金属粒子を配合し、それらを鞘材Yの表面に露出させることにより、極めて効率のよい光触媒機能を有する素材とすることもできる。
なお、鞘材に埋設した粒子の鞘材表面からの露出手段としては、図1(c)に示すように、延伸のみでなく、押出成形後の芯鞘型複合モノフィラメントに一端を把持して回転させて遠心力によって粒子を鞘材表面からの露出させることもできる。この場合の、露出条件としては、回転速度が速いほうが粒子を露出させやすいが、複合モノフィラメントの強度との関連もあるので適宜決められる。通常は、鞘材の溶融温度に近い雰囲気で、100~500回/分程度の回転速度で、1~2分程度行うことが望ましい。
本発明の実施形態のフィルターは、上記複合モノフィラメントを用いて、機能性フィルター(空調機、空気清浄機、真空掃除機等のフィルター)とすることができる。
図3は、実施の形態のフィルターの構造を示す断面説明図であり、(a)は蜂巣織りでフィルターを形成した状態を示し、(b)は緯糸、経糸を圧着してフィルターを形成した状態を示す概略図である。
このように得られる複合モノフィラメントを代表とする繊維材料は、編織物となってエアフィルターを形成するものであり、編織組織として一般的な組織、具体的には織布にあっては、平織、もじり織、模紗織、からみ織等が挙げられる。
また、エアフィルターとして要求される弾力性、柔軟性、通風性、集埃性に加えて取扱いにおける寸法安定性の点で、特に繊度が80~500drの繊維材料からなる蜂巣織構造体(JIS-L0206-1976の繊維用語(織物部門)参照)とすることが好ましい(図3(a)参照)。
本発明において、フィルターを形成した後に、鞘材の経糸及び緯糸の交点を熱融着により接着する。この熱融着による接着は、糸条をフィルター状に製織し、製織と同時に、もしくは製織後に、得られた製織物を糸条の低融点の鞘材が溶融又は軟化する温度で、かつ高融点の芯材が軟化しない温度に加熱することにより行うことができる。熱融着による接着することにより、フィルターの厚みが一定となりフィルターの清掃等のメンテナンスが容易となる。
<実施例1>
噴霧乾燥装置(スプレードライヤー)を用いて、白金の微細粒子含有分散液を粗大粒子P1の表面に固着させた。すなわち、平均粒子径1μm程度のシリカからなる粒子と、体積平均粒子径5nm程度の白金ナノコロイド分散液(=微細粒子含有分散液、アプト社製、白金含有量は20μg/0.1g、白金微細粒子の体積平均粒径は5μm、コロイド化剤はクエン酸)とを、質量比が3:7となるように混合した。
なお、この混合液に、結合剤として、シリカ(SiO2)が35.5%、H2Oが64.5%の組成に配合されたコロイダルシリカを、同じ質量部加えた。この混合液を、噴霧乾燥機(スプレードライヤー)を使って、200℃の熱風を用いて槽内に噴霧して乾燥した。得られた粉末を回収し、その後、セラミックス質の容器に入れて、電気炉にて約900~1000℃、1時間加熱した(コロイド化剤の酸化除去)。
この結果、コロイド化剤としてのクエン酸は酸化・揮散して、体積平均粒径5nm程度の白金ナノ微粒子(微細粒子P2)を1μm程度のシリカ(粗大粒子P1)表面に固着させた混合粒子Pを作成した。
芯材Xと鞘材の質量比は、芯:鞘=2:1とした。
次いで、延伸温度230℃で約6倍に延伸することにより、鞘材の表面から前記混合粒子Pを露出させた300デニールの複合モノフィラメントを得た。このときの芯材Xは200デニールであった。
この複合モノフィラメントを経糸、緯糸に用いて、打込密度60×60本/インチ、各蜂巣構造ユニットの一辺が5.2mm、厚み2.2mmの蜂巣織構造体物を織成し、本実施例のエアフィルターとした。
実施例のフィルターについて、アンモニア、アセトアルデヒド、及びタバコの消臭効果について検証した。消臭試験の測定方法は、一般社団法人日本電機工業会の定める「家庭用空気清浄機」についての規格、JEM-1467-1995の「脱臭性能試験」に準じて実施した。
フィルターは以下の3種類を用意した。
(a)本発明の実施例フィルター
(b)従来品(ポリプロピレン複合モノフィラメント繊維のフィルター、繊維への混合粒子の練り込みはなし)
(c)空運転(フィルターなし)
なお、上記フィルターは、経糸34本、緯糸33本の蜂巣織りで形成したものである。
図5に示すように、ほぼ立方体の形をした1m3 の密閉できる容器を準備し、その中に屋外からリモコン操作できる空気清浄機を設置し、測定毎にそれぞれ300×300mmの寸法にした供試体となる消臭フィルターを2枚ずつ全面フィルター取り付け部分に設置し、容器内の臭気分布が均一になるような循環システムを準備した。
ニオイの測定準備は、最初に煙草を5本吸煙装置に設置し、それらに同時に着火し、約6~8分間で燃焼させるが、最初の1本がフィルターに到達した時点で吸煙装置を停止させ、残りのタバコは自然発煙させた。
吸煙装置は試験空間の床の中央に設置した。
タバコの吸煙中および発煙中は、フィルターを取り付けた空気清浄機は運転を停止させ、最後のタバコが燃え尽きた時点でリモコン操作で運転を開始させた。
ニオイの測定は、空気清浄機を運転させてから約5分経過後に初期濃度として、タバコ臭気をニオイセンサーにて、また、アセトアルデヒド、アンモニアはガス検知管を用いて計測した。
消臭性能の測定は、空気清浄機を30分間および60分間運転させてから運転を停止させてから計測した。
また、アセトアルデヒドについては、タバコ発煙試験とは別に改めて単独にて実施し、アセトアルデヒド標準液を用いて消臭試験を実施した。
(1)アンモニア
図6に示すように、実施例のフィルターは従来品のフィルターと比較して約1.5倍の消臭効果があった。なお、図中A、Bは、それぞれ、30分後、60分後の各臭気成分の消臭率ηを、次式により求めたものである。
消臭率(%)(縦軸)
A:η30=(1-C30/C0)×100
B:η60=(1-C60/C0)×100
図7,図8についても同様である。
(2)アセトアルデヒド
図7に示すように、実施例のフィルターは従来品のフィルターと比較して約3~5倍の消臭効果があった。
(3)タバコ
図8に示すように、実施例のフィルターは従来品のフィルターと比較して約2倍の消臭効果があった。
洗浄による消臭性能への影響を調査した。30分間のアンモニア消臭試験測定サイクルで、1サイクルを終了した時点でフィルターを洗浄し、自然乾燥後、再び新しいサイクルで試験を実施する、というサイクル試験を繰り返した。
その結果、図9に示すように、フィルターを100回水洗いしても、消臭率は70%を維持して、初期の83%からの低下がみられなかった。この結果から、鞘材から露出している混合粒子の剥離がないといえる。
一方、比較例は、通常の繊維にカテキンを練り込んだ蜂巣織のフィルターであるが、15サイクルで50%以下に低下し、消臭効果が消失した。
<実施例2>
<実施例3>
実施例1と同様に消臭効果を評価をしたところ、実施例1と同様の効果があった。
P1 微細粒子
P2 粗大粒子
X 芯材
Y 鞘材
Claims (5)
- 芯材と、それよりも低融点の樹脂を鞘材とした複合繊維の熱可塑性芯鞘型複合モノフィラメントからなる緯糸及び径糸の交点において、
前記鞘材同士が熱融着して得られるフィルターであって、
前記複合モノフィラメントは、
その鞘材に配合した粒子の一部を鞘材の表面から露出させるようにしたものであることを特徴とする機能性エアフィルター。 - 前記粒子が、粗大粒子の表面に微細粒子を固着させた混合粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の機能性エアフィルター。
- 前記粗大粒子が、シリカ、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、又はこれらの混合物であり、
前記微細粒子が、白金、金、銀、銅、ニッケル、ステンレスなどの金属粒子や、これらの金属粒子にカテキンを混合したものであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の機能性エアフィルター。 - 前記鞘材の表面からの粒子の露出は、
粒子を鞘材に配合した複合モノフィラメントを長手方向に延伸させてなるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の機能性エアフィルター。 - 前記鞘材の表面からの粒子の露出は、
粒子を配合した複合モノフィラメントを回転させてなるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の機能性エアフィルター。
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JP2016202864A (ja) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-12-08 | 株式会社エルブ | 機能性部材及び送風機 |
TWI741614B (zh) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-10-01 | 豪紳纖維科技股份有限公司 | 多層抗菌布及其製作方法 |
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KR20210007248A (ko) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-20 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 경제형 흡기필터 및 이의 제조방법 |
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