WO2015093568A1 - 抵抗スポット溶接方法 - Google Patents
抵抗スポット溶接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015093568A1 WO2015093568A1 PCT/JP2014/083571 JP2014083571W WO2015093568A1 WO 2015093568 A1 WO2015093568 A1 WO 2015093568A1 JP 2014083571 W JP2014083571 W JP 2014083571W WO 2015093568 A1 WO2015093568 A1 WO 2015093568A1
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- current
- pulsation
- energization
- resistance spot
- spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
- B23K11/163—Welding of coated materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
- B23K11/241—Electric supplies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resistance spot welding method, and more particularly to a resistance spot welding method using an inverter DC power source.
- An automobile body is assembled by joining press-formed steel sheets mainly by resistance spot welding.
- resistance spot welding used in the assembly of vehicle bodies, it is necessary to ensure both a nugget diameter according to the plate thickness and suppression of dust generation.
- a current value capable of obtaining a reference nugget diameter such as 4 ⁇ t is a lower limit (hereinafter referred to as “lower limit current” or “4 ⁇ t current”).
- the range (hereinafter referred to as “appropriate current range”) defined as the upper limit (hereinafter referred to as “upper limit current” or “chile current”) of the current value at which dust (sputtering) occurs is the spot welding of the steel sheet. It is an important indicator of sex.
- the lower limit current and the upper limit current are measured in an ideal state with a test piece.
- the above lower limit current is evaluated in an ideal state at the specimen level.
- the actual vehicle body is set at a current value that gives 4 ⁇ t at the specimen level due to various disturbance factors such as electrode wear, diversion to the welded point, and gaps between the pressed parts. Even with welding, the nugget diameter may be less than 4 ⁇ t. Therefore, in a mass production line, it is necessary to set a current value that is 1.0 kA or more, preferably 1.5 kA or more higher than the current that provides 4 ⁇ t at the test piece level as a practical lower limit current value.
- the appropriate current range is 1.0 kA or more, preferably 1.5 kA or more in the test piece level evaluation. Needed. If a predetermined appropriate current range cannot be secured at the test piece level, a current value is set for the current that generates dust in order to stably secure a 4 ⁇ t nugget diameter in spot welding at actual sites with many disturbances. This is because it must be done.
- inverter DC type resistance spot welder is often used instead of a single-phase AC type in the assembly of automobiles.
- Inverter DC systems can be used in automated lines, especially because they can reduce the transformer and have the advantage of being mounted on a robot with a small payload.
- the inverter DC method does not turn on and off the current as in the conventional single-phase AC method, and provides a continuous current, so it has good heat generation efficiency. Therefore, it has been reported that even in the case of a galvanized material of thin sheet steel that is difficult to form a nugget, the nugget is formed from a low current and the appropriate current range is wider than that of the single-phase AC method.
- Patent Document 1 as shown in FIG. 2, by adopting a two-stage energization method in which main energization is performed after improving the familiarity between the contact surfaces of the steel plates by preliminary energization, in resistance spot welding of high-tensile steel plates A method for suppressing the generation of dust is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 As shown in FIG. 3, by adopting an energization method in which the current is stopped after improving the familiarity between the contact surfaces of the steel plates by preliminary energization, and then performing the main energization, A method for suppressing generation of dust in resistance spot welding is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 has a three-stage energization process as shown in FIGS. That is, a preliminary energization process which is the first process for forming a nugget, a second process for reducing the current after the preliminary energization to increase the corona bond diameter around the nugget, and a current larger than the pre-energization current after the second process. It is composed of a main energization process which is a third process of flowing and expanding the nugget diameter.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that by using the pulsation energization method in the third step, the effect of enlarging the energization diameter is increased and generation of dust is suppressed as compared with the continuous energization method.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of suppressing generation of dust in resistance spot welding of a high-tensile steel sheet by resistance spot welding in which the current value is increased while repeating current up and down as shown in FIG. .
- Non-Patent Document 2 as shown in FIG. 7, in a steel sheet having a thickness of 1.5 mm or more, energization for 120 milliseconds (6 cycles at 50 Hz) or more and 40 milliseconds (2 cycles at 50 Hz) are stopped. A resistance spot welding method that is repeated three or more times is disclosed.
- the surface of the steel sheet used for hot stamping may be subjected to surface treatment such as zinc plating or aluminum plating in order to prevent the generation of iron scale when heated to a high temperature.
- the hot stamped steel sheet is not a flat plate but a formed body.
- a hot stamped high tensile steel sheet including a molded body is referred to as a “hot stamped steel sheet”.
- a zinc-plated steel sheet, an aluminum-plated steel sheet, or a steel sheet obtained by applying a surface coating to these steel sheets is referred to as a “surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet”.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that this phenomenon occurs, for example, in resistance spot welding of an aluminum plated hot stamped steel sheet.
- the surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet is used for an oxide film or surface coating whose main component is a metal derived from plating (for example, zinc for zinc-based plating or aluminum for aluminum-based plating). It has a derived oxide film. For this reason, compared with a bare steel plate, the position where current flows on the surface of the steel plate is local, and heat is rapidly generated due to current density concentration. On the other hand, alloying between plating and steel proceeds in the hot stamping process, and the melting point of the alloy formed on the surface of the steel sheet becomes a high temperature close to that of iron. Therefore, compared with a steel plate provided with a plating film before heating, the contact portion between the steel plates is less likely to be softened, so that expansion of the current path is suppressed.
- a metal derived from plating for example, zinc for zinc-based plating or aluminum for aluminum-based plating.
- the inverter direct current method has a higher heat generation efficiency than the single-phase alternating current method due to continuous input of current, so that the nugget formation at the initial energization is very fast. For this reason, it is presumed that the growth of the press-contact portion around the nugget cannot catch up and the molten metal cannot be confined to generate medium dust.
- the resistance at the contact portion between the steel and the electrode is high due to the influence of the oxide film or the like, and the calorific value is increased.
- the inverter DC system is continuous energization, and does not have a current pause time like single-phase AC, so that it is difficult to obtain a cooling effect by the copper electrode. For this reason, it is presumed that the nugget is likely to grow in the thickness direction, the molten portion reaches just below the outermost layer of the steel plate, and surface dust is generated.
- Patent Document 1 is a resistance spot welding method for high-tensile steel plates. Since the surface treatment hot stamped steel sheet has a low current value that can be applied without causing dust in the initial first energization, the effect of suppressing dust by expanding the energization path and reducing the current density is not sufficient. For this reason, when current was increased by late energization, cases of middle dust and surface dust were observed, which was insufficient to ensure an appropriate current range.
- the surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet has a low current value that can be applied without generating dust in the initial first energization.
- the upper limit current is increased, but when the current is increased in the latter period, a case where medium dust occurs is recognized, which is still insufficient to secure an appropriate current range.
- the energization method described in Patent Document 4 has the effect of expanding the appropriate current range up to a steel material with a tensile strength of 980 MPa, but in the case of a higher-strength surface-treated hot stamped steel plate, it is medium at the time of the second current increase. Dust and surface dust are likely to occur, and this energization pattern is not suitable for hot stamping material welding.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Even when the energization is the shortest, 6 cycles (120 milliseconds) are required. In the surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet, medium dust is generated in an energization time shorter than 6 cycles. Therefore, the upper limit current cannot be increased by this energization method. Therefore, if the energization time in pulsation is shortened, the upper limit current increases, but the lower limit current increases due to a decrease in heat generation efficiency, and as a result, the appropriate current range cannot be expanded. For this reason, this method is also not appropriate.
- An object of the present invention is to apply an inverter DC power source to surface-treated hot stamped steel sheets and overlay resistance spot welding of hot stamped steel sheets. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide an inverter direct power source type resistance spot welding method that can suppress generation of surface dust and medium dust and can secure a wide appropriate current range.
- the inventor conducted an examination using a 1500 MPa class surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet using an inverter DC spot welding power source and obtained the following knowledge.
- the nugget can be formed simultaneously with the growth of the corona bond in the first pulsation process. Then, it is considered that the main energization is performed in the second pulsation step, the nugget is grown greatly, and a predetermined nugget diameter can be obtained.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and the gist thereof is the following resistance spot welding method.
- a resistance spot welding method in which a plurality of steel plates including a high-strength steel plate are overlapped and welded, wherein the energization method is pulsation energization using an inverter DC welding power source, and in a plurality of current pulses constituting pulsation energization,
- a resistance spot welding method characterized by variably controlling an energization time of each current pulse, an energization stop time that is an interval between current pulses, and a welding current applied by the current pulse.
- a plurality of continuous current pulses have one or more pulsation steps that are groups of current pulses that can uniformly represent the relationship between the energization time and the energization stop time and the welding current ( The resistance spot welding method according to 1).
- the first pulsation step has two or more current pulses, the energization time of the current pulses is 5 to 60 milliseconds, and the energization stop time is 5 to 60 milliseconds, respectively.
- the current pulse energization time is 5 to 60 milliseconds, and the energization stop time is 5 to 60 milliseconds, respectively, and the first pulsation step and the second pulsation step.
- the welding current in the first pulsation process is 5.0 or more and 14.0 kA or less, and the welding current in the second pulsation process is greater than 5.0 kA and 16.0 kA or less (3) Or the resistance spot welding method as described in (4).
- Method. (7) Any one of (3) to (6), wherein the welding current in the first pulsation step is a constant value, and the welding current in the second pulsation step is a constant value.
- resistance spot welding can be performed by increasing the nugget diameter while suppressing the occurrence of surface dust and medium dust even in the case of using an inverter DC power source in overlay resistance spot welding of high-tensile steel sheets. it can. Therefore, by using the resistance spot welding method according to the present invention, it is possible to perform resistance spot welding efficiently and stably even for a steel sheet including a surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet or the like that is very likely to generate dust. Become.
- the plate assembly to which the present invention is directed is a laminate of at least two steel plates including at least one high-tensile steel plate of 590 MPa class or higher.
- resistance spot welding is performed on a superposition of two or three steel plates.
- the type of the high-tensile steel plate is not particularly limited, and can be applied to high-tensile steel plates having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more, such as precipitation-strengthened steel plates, DP steel plates, TRIP (work-induced transformation) steel plates, hot stamped steel plates, and the like. .
- the resistance spot welding method according to the present invention is more effective when applied to a plate assembly including a high-tensile steel plate having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more.
- a plate assembly including a high strength steel plate having a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more it is preferable to apply to a plate assembly including a high strength steel plate having a tensile strength of 1500 MPa or more. More preferred.
- the high-tensile steel plate may be a cold-rolled steel plate or a hot-rolled steel plate. Furthermore, the presence or absence of plating is not questioned, and a plated steel plate or a steel plate without plating may be used. In the case of a plated steel sheet, the type of plating is not particularly limited.
- the surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet has a zinc-based (pure Zn, Zn-Fe, Zn-Ni, Zn-Al, Zn-Mg, Zn-Mg-Al, etc.) or aluminum-based (Al-Si, etc.) on the surface.
- An intermetallic compound and an iron-based solid solution are formed by an alloying reaction between the plating film and the base steel. Further, an oxide layer mainly composed of zinc or aluminum is formed on these surfaces.
- a film mainly composed of zinc oxide may be formed on the surface of the film mainly composed of an intermetallic compound of iron and aluminum in order to improve corrosion resistance.
- the surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet is considered to be likely to generate medium dust and surface dust because it is a surface state containing such an oxide.
- the proper current range is often less than 1 kA.
- the thickness of the high-tensile steel plate there is no particular limitation on the thickness of the high-tensile steel plate.
- the thickness of a steel plate used for automobile parts or a vehicle body is 0.6 to 3.2 mm, and the resistance spot welding according to the present invention has a sufficient effect in this range.
- the welding machine used in the present invention is an inverter DC type resistance spot welding machine.
- Resistance spot welders include a single-phase AC method and an inverter DC method.
- the single-phase AC method is less likely to generate dust even at a higher current value than the inverter DC method.
- the inverter DC method exhibits high heat generation efficiency, but tends to generate medium dust and surface dust at a low current value. For this reason, in the inverter DC method, the appropriate current range is narrowed, and the applicability when welding a plate assembly including a high-strength steel plate such as a hot stamped steel plate at an actual site is inferior.
- the resistance spot welding method according to the present invention is premised on solving the problems of inverter DC spot welding.
- the pressurization mechanism in resistance spot welding may be either pressurization with a servo motor or pressurization with air.
- the shape of the gun may be any of a stationary type, a C type, and an X type.
- the electrode for resistance spot welding is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a DR type electrode having a tip diameter of 6 to 8 mm.
- the most typical example is a DR type electrode having a tip diameter of 6 mm and a tip R of 40 mm.
- the electrode material may be either chromium copper or alumina-dispersed copper electrode, but alumina-dispersed copper is more desirable from the viewpoint of preventing welding and surface dust.
- Pulsation energization is adopted as the energization method used in the present invention.
- Pulsation energization is to apply a pulsed constant current while applying pressure to a certain part in resistance spot welding, and is composed of one or more current pulses. Since an inverter DC power supply is used in the present invention, a current pulse (hereinafter also simply referred to as “pulse”) has a rectangular or trapezoidal pulse waveform.
- FIG. 8A shows a rectangular pulse having a typical pulse waveform.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the welding current applied.
- Ia corresponding to the height of the rectangle is a welding current applied.
- the ta corresponding to the width of the rectangle is a pulse energization time, and the interval ti between adjacent pulses is a so-called interval of pulse energization.
- the energization time, energization stop time, and welding current can be variably controlled for each pulse. By controlling these, it is possible to realize an energization pattern suitable for welding conditions.
- FIG. 8B is an example of a pulse change when the welding current draws an arbitrary curve.
- the shape of the pulse is not limited to a rectangle.
- the rising part and the falling part may be inclined with respect to time. That is, a trapezoid may be sufficient and an extreme triangle may be sufficient.
- the pulsation step refers to a group of current pulses that can uniformly represent the relationship between energization time and energization stop time and the welding current in a plurality of continuous current pulses.
- the current pulse group that can be represented by the function is one pulsation step. It becomes.
- FIG. 8C shows an example of a pulsation process in which the energization time ta and the pause time ti are constant and the pulse welding current is a linear function of time.
- 8D shows an example of a pulsation process in which the energization time ta and the pause time ti are constant and the pulse welding current is a quadratic function of time. That is, if the relationship between pulses can be expressed uniformly, it can be called a pulsation process as a group of pulses.
- FIG. 8 (e) is an explanatory view schematically showing an energization pattern suitable for resistance spot welding of a general hot stamped steel plate or surface-treated hot stamped steel plate found by the present inventors.
- This resistance spot welding method has a plurality of pulsation steps, but includes a first pulsation step which is the first step and a second pulsation step which follows the first pulsation step. From the maximum welding current in the first pulsation step, The minimum welding current in the second pulsation process is high.
- the “maximum welding current in the first pulsation process” means the maximum value of the welding current of each pulse in the first pulsation process.
- the minimum welding current in the second pulsation process means the minimum value of the welding current of each pulse in the second pulsation process.
- the energization time, rest time, and number of pulses are adjusted according to the material type, thickness, and plate assembly.
- the first pulsation step can improve the familiarity between the contact surfaces of the steel plates in a short time while expanding the pressure contact portion while exerting the cooling effect of the electrodes.
- the outermost surface layer is a zinc-plated or aluminum-plated surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet covered with a coating with high electrical resistance, such as zinc oxide
- the oxide layer on the steel sheet surface is locally applied when the inverter DC power supply is energized. Is destroyed, and the current density of the portion where the oxide layer is destroyed is remarkably increased, so that rapid melting occurs and dust is likely to be generated.
- vibration due to thermal expansion and contraction can be applied to the contact surface, so that the high melting point oxide layer can be effectively destroyed.
- the energization time per pulse in the first pulsation process is 5 to 60 milliseconds. If the energization time is less than 5 milliseconds, the heating time is short and heat generation is not sufficient. If it exceeds 60 milliseconds, the heating time is too long, and the occurrence rate of surface dust and medium dust may increase.
- the energization time is more preferably 15 milliseconds or longer.
- the energization time is more preferably 45 milliseconds or less, and further preferably 25 milliseconds or less.
- the welding current in the first pulsation process is desirably 5.0 to 14.0 kA.
- the upper limit current decreases. It is desirable that the welding current is appropriately adjusted within the range of 5.0 to 14.0 kA so as not to generate dust in the first pulsation process, in consideration of the energization time.
- the welding current is preferably set in the range of I 1 -3.0 to I 1 -0.2 kA, where the upper limit current in the first pulsation step is I 1 (kA). In order to simplify the setting of the current control device of the spot welder, it is desirable to set the welding current in the first pulsation process to a constant value.
- the energization stop time (hereinafter also referred to as “stop time”) in the first pulsation process is preferably 5 to 60 milliseconds. If the rest time is less than 5 milliseconds, the rest is short and the cooling is insufficient, and there is a possibility of generating medium dust and surface dust. On the other hand, when the rest time exceeds 60 milliseconds, the cooling effect becomes too large, and there is a possibility that nugget formation in the second pulsation process described later becomes insufficient. More preferably, the pause time is 15 milliseconds or longer. The pause time is more desirably 45 milliseconds or less, and further desirably 25 milliseconds or less.
- the current waveform in the first pulsation step is preferably a rectangular waveform with a constant energization time and a resting time.
- an up slope (rising portion is increasing with respect to time) or a down slope (falling portion is It may be a waveform including a slope that decreases with respect to time.
- FIG. 9 shows an energization method in the first pulsation process of the present invention.
- 9A shows a rectangular waveform
- FIG. 9B shows an upslope waveform
- FIG. 9C shows a waveform including a rectangle after the upslope.
- FIG. 9D shows a downslope waveform after a rectangular waveform
- FIG. 9E shows a waveform including both an upslope and a downslope
- FIG. 9F shows an upslope only for the first energization. It is a waveform.
- the number of pulses is preferably at least 2 times. This is because in the case of a surface-treated hot stamped steel sheet, the effect of suppressing dust may not be obtained unless pulsation is performed twice or more.
- the number of pulses is more preferably 3 times or more. In general, the larger the total plate thickness, the greater the number of pulses. However, the number of pulses is preferably 50 or less.
- the first pulsation step is, for example, 8.3 to 20 milliseconds (50 to 60 Hz, 0.5 to 1 cycle). Therefore, it is desirable to repeat the energization and pause of 5.5 to 12 kA 3 to 25 times.
- the resistance spot welding method of the present invention includes a second pulsation step after the first pulsation step.
- the energization path corona bond
- the second pulsation step can be carried out to enlarge the nugget diameter.
- the heat generation of the steel sheet can be gradually promoted by making the current into a pulsation form (pulse form).
- vibration due to thermal expansion and contraction can be applied to the contact surface, so that the high melting point oxide layer can be effectively destroyed.
- This makes it possible to form multiple energization points (regions where current actually flows) at the contact interface between the electrode and steel plate, and between the steel plate and steel plate, and suppress the increase in current density at the contact interface, thereby rapidly growing the nugget. Can be suppressed.
- an appropriate current range (second energization current range that does not generate dust and provides a nugget of 4 ⁇ t or more) is generated at 1.5 kA without generating medium dust and surface dust to a high current value. More than that.
- the nugget diameter can be expanded more stably by setting the minimum welding current in the second pulsation process higher than the maximum welding current in the first pulsation process. It is desirable that the minimum welding current in the second pulsation process be 0.5 kA or more higher than the maximum welding current in the first pulsation process.
- the energization time per pulse in the second pulsation process is preferably 5 to 60 milliseconds. If the energization time is less than 5 milliseconds, the heating time is short and heat generation is not sufficient. If it exceeds 60 milliseconds, the heating time is too long, and the occurrence rate of surface dust and medium dust may increase.
- the energization time is more preferably 15 milliseconds or longer.
- the energization time is more preferably 45 milliseconds or less, and further preferably 25 milliseconds or less.
- the welding current in the second pulsation process is desirably 5.0 to 16.0 kA.
- the upper limit current decreases. It is desirable that the welding current is appropriately adjusted so that dust does not occur within the range of 5.0 to 16.0 kA in consideration of the energization time.
- the welding current is preferably set in a range of I 2 ⁇ 0.2 kA or less, where I 2 (kA) is the upper limit current in the second pulsation process.
- I 2 (kA) is the upper limit current in the second pulsation process.
- the energization stop time in the second pulsation process is preferably 5 to 60 milliseconds except for the last. If the rest time is less than 5 milliseconds, the rest is short and the cooling is insufficient, and there is a possibility of generating medium dust and surface dust. On the other hand, if the pause time exceeds 60 milliseconds, the cooling effect becomes too great and it may be difficult to increase the nugget diameter.
- the pause time is more desirably 45 milliseconds or less, and further desirably 25 milliseconds or less.
- the energization stop time between the first pulsation process and the second pulsation process is preferably 5 to 120 milliseconds.
- the pause time between these steps is desirably 10 milliseconds or more, and more desirably 15 milliseconds or more.
- the pause time between these steps is desirably 60 milliseconds or less, and more desirably 50 milliseconds or less.
- the rest time between the 2nd and 3rd pulsation processes is no provision in particular about the rest time between the 2nd and 3rd pulsation processes.
- the number of pulses in the second pulsation process is preferably at least 3 times. This is because the effect of expanding the nugget diameter may not be sufficiently obtained if the number is less than three. More preferably, it is 6 times or more. In general, the larger the total plate thickness, the more the number of pulses may be increased. However, since the effect tends to be saturated even if pulsation is performed exceeding 50 times, the number of pulses is preferably 50 times or less.
- one more continuous energization or pulsation energization is performed after the second pulsation process for the purpose of improving the toughness of the nugget by controlling the cooling process. You can go. Further energization after the second pulsation process alleviates the solidification segregation of phosphorus in the nugget and improves the toughness of the nugget by making the nugget a tempered martensite structure, improving the strength of the spot welded joint Benefits that can be obtained.
- FIG. 10 shows an energization method in the second pulsation process of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A shows the use of the up slope in the second pulsation
- FIG. 10B shows the use of the rectangular waveform after the up slope.
- FIG. 10C shows a waveform including a down slope after the rectangular waveform
- FIG. 10D shows a waveform including the up slope and the down slope.
- FIG. 10E shows a waveform in which upslope is performed only at the beginning of the second pulsation.
- FIG. 10F shows a pattern in which pulsation energization is further performed after the second pulsation energization.
- the resistance spot welding method according to the present invention may further include a holding step of pressing the steel plate with an electrode without passing an electric current after the first pulsation step and the second pulsation step are finished.
- a holding step of pressing the steel plate with an electrode without passing an electric current after the first pulsation step and the second pulsation step are finished By providing the holding step, solidification cracks in the nugget can be reduced.
- limiting in particular about the holding time in the case of providing a holding process Since it will lead to the increase in tact time if holding time is too long, it is desirable to set it as 300 milliseconds or less.
- Al plating was performed by the Sendzimer method.
- the annealing temperature at this time was about 800 ° C.
- the Al plating bath contained Si: 9%, and contained Fe eluted from the steel strip.
- the plating adhesion amount was adjusted to 40 g / m 2 on one side by a gas wiping method.
- water was sprayed in the cooling state after the plating. After cooling the Al-plated steel sheet, the treatment liquid was applied with a roll coater and baked at about 80 ° C.
- the treatment liquid was based on nanotek slurry ZnO manufactured by CI Kasei Co., Ltd., and a water-soluble urethane resin as a binder was added up to 30% in the solid content, and carbon black was added up to 10% in the solid content for coloring.
- the amount of adhesion was measured as the amount of Zn and was 0.8 g / m 2 .
- the steel plate thus produced was furnace heated (atmospheric atmosphere heating) at 900 ° C. for 5 minutes and then quenched with a water-cooled mold to obtain a test material. Table 1 shows the welding method.
- the applied pressure was a constant value (350 kgf) in the first pulsation process and the second pulsation process.
- the example of the present invention does not have a pulsation process because the upper limit current in the second pulsation process can be increased even when two sheets of ZnO film-treated Al plated hot stamped steel sheets are stacked.
- a wider appropriate current range exceeding 1.5 kA can be obtained at the test piece level, which is wider than the comparative example of stage energization.
- the current value of the second pulsation process is set to a value of 4 ⁇ t current +1.5 kA or more and less than the dust generation current, so that no dust is generated even when welding actual parts, and the current is shunted and the electrode is worn.
- Example 1 after performing the first pulsation process at the current values shown in Table 1, the current value in the second pulsation process was changed, and the nugget diameter and the occurrence of dust were investigated.
- the welding current in the first pulsation process and the second pulsation process was set to a constant value.
- Table 3 shows the appropriate current range of the second pulsation process for each test number.
- the example of the present invention can increase the upper limit current in the second pulsation process, and thus has no pulsation process and is more suitable than the comparative example in which one-stage energization was performed. A current range can be obtained.
- the present invention can obtain a wide appropriate current range exceeding 2.0 kA at a test piece level even in a plate set assuming resistance spot welding of three sheets around a door opening such as an automobile roof rail, B pillar, and side sill. Accordingly, in the present invention, the current value of the second pulsation process is set to a value of 4 ⁇ t current +1.5 kA or more and less than or equal to the dust generation current, so that no dust is generated even in the welding of actual parts and the current is shunted. Even if there is a disturbance due to electrode wear, a spot weld with a nugget diameter of 4 ⁇ t or more can be secured stably. On the other hand, in the comparative example, dust is generated when the current is set to 4 ⁇ t current + 1.5 kA.
- a 1500 MPa class GA-plated hot stamped steel plate (plating adhesion before hot stamping) Amount: 55 g / m 2 per side.
- the heating condition was 900 ° C. for 4 minutes furnace heating), and two pieces of resistance spot welding were performed.
- Table 3 shows the welding methods.
- the shape of the test piece for performing resistance spot welding was a strip having a width of 30 mm and a length of 100 mm.
- the applied pressure was a constant value (350 kgf) in the first pulsation process and the second pulsation process.
- Example 1 after performing the first pulsation process at the current values shown in Table 1, the current value in the second pulsation process was changed, and the nugget diameter and the occurrence of dust were investigated.
- the welding current in the first pulsation process and the second pulsation process was set to a constant value.
- Table 4 shows an appropriate current range of the second pulsation process in each test number.
- the example of the present invention can increase the upper limit current in the second pulsation process, and thus has no pulsation process and is 1 wider than the comparative example in which one-stage energization is performed.
- An appropriate current range of .5 kA or more can be obtained at the specimen level.
- the current value of the second pulsation process is set to a value of 4 ⁇ t current +1.5 kA or more and less than or equal to the dust generation current, so that no dust is generated even in the welding of actual parts and the current is shunted. Even if there is a disturbance due to electrode wear, a spot weld with a nugget diameter of 4 ⁇ t or more can be secured stably.
- dust is generated when the current is set to 4 ⁇ t current + 1.5 kA.
- resistance spot welding can be performed by increasing the nugget diameter while suppressing the occurrence of surface dust and medium dust even in the case of using an inverter DC power source in overlay resistance spot welding of high-tensile steel sheets. it can. Therefore, if the resistance spot welding method according to the present invention is used, even if it is a steel plate including a surface-treated hot stamped steel plate or the like that is likely to generate dust, it becomes possible to perform resistance spot welding efficiently and stably.
- the appearance quality of the vehicle body such as the side panel can be improved by suppressing the generation of dust. Moreover, since the adhesion to the movable part of the robot can be prevented, the operation rate of the robot can be improved. Moreover, since post-processes such as deburring due to generation of dust can be omitted, work efficiency can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
抵抗スポット溶接において、図1に示すように通電を1回だけ行う1段通電方式は、自動車の抵抗スポット溶接では多く用いられている。しかしながら、1段通電方式では適正電流範囲が狭くなるため、適正電流範囲を広げる通電方式が報告されている。
スポット溶接部では溶融凝固したナゲットの周囲に電極により加圧された圧接部(コロナボンド部)が存在し、溶融金属を閉じ込めている。溶融金属の内圧がコロナボンド部に作用する外圧を超えると溶融金属を閉じ込めることができなくなり中チリが発生する。一般的には圧接部が狭くなると内圧に耐えきれなくなりチリが発生しやすくなる。このためチリの発生を抑制するには、鋼板―鋼板間のなじみを良くして、圧接部を広げるとともに、ナゲットが徐々に成長するように急激な発熱を避けることが必要である。
パルセーション通電方式を採用することにより冷却と加熱を繰り返す効果があるので、インバータ直流方式にパルセーション通電方式を採用することにより、高い発熱効率による温度上昇を緩和させることができることを見出した。すなわちパルセーション通電の通電時間、休止時間を制御することにより、溶接時の温度上昇を制御し、ナゲット成長速度を制御できることを見出した。これにより急激なナゲット成長を抑制することができる。
同時に、電極の加圧力とパルセーション通電での電流制御により、コロナボンドの成長も制御できることを見出した。即ち、パルセーション工程により、熱膨張、収縮による振動を接触面に与えることができるため、特に表面処理ホットスタンプ材で顕著であるが、高融点の酸化物層を効果的に破壊し、電極―鋼板間および鋼板―鋼板間の接触界面に複数の通電点(実際に電流が流れる領域)を形成することができ、接触界面での電流密度の上昇を抑制し急激なナゲット成長も抑制できる。これらの作用により、中チリ、表チリの発生を抑制しつつ短時間でなじみを向上させることができる。
ナゲット成長速度とコロナボンド成長速度を適正に制御することにより、チリの発生がなく、且つナゲット径を大きくすることができることを見出した。すなわち、上限電流の低下を抑制し、適正電流範囲を確保することができることを見出した。
重ね合わせる鋼板の板厚、硬さ(引張強度)、形状などの因子により、最適な通電パターンは変化する。インバータ直流方式で溶接する場合、これらのさまざまな条件に適合させることが必要となる。このため、1パルスごとの通電時間、印加電流、パルス間隔などを制御することにより、簡便迅速に溶接条件を設定することができ、良好な抵抗スポット溶接が実施できることを見出した。
たとえば、同板厚の表面処理ホットスタンプ鋼板をスポット溶接する場合は以下のように2段階パルセーション通電を施すとよいことを見出した。すなわち、鋼板の接触面同士のなじみを向上させて通電パスを拡大させることを目的として、通電および休止を繰り返す第1パルセーション工程を実施した後に、ナゲット径を拡大させることを目的として、第1パルセーション工程より高い電流で通電と休止を繰り返す第2パルセーション工程を実施すると、中チリおよび表チリの発生を抑制しつつ、適正電流範囲が広く安定した抵抗スポット溶接を実施できる。
これは、第1パルセーション工程で、コロナボンドを成長させると同時にナゲットを形成することができているものと考えられる。そして、第2パルセーション工程で本通電を行い、ナゲットを大きく成長させ、所定のナゲット径を得ることができると考えられる。
高張力鋼板を含む複数の鋼板を重ね合わせて溶接する抵抗スポット溶接方法であって、通電方式がインバータ直流溶接電源を用いたパルセーション通電であり、パルセーション通電を構成する複数の電流パルスにおいて、それぞれの電流パルスの通電時間、電流パルスの間隔である通電休止時間、および電流パルスで印加する溶接電流を可変に制御することを特徴とする抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(2)
連続する複数の電流パルスにおいて、前記通電時間および前記通電休止時間と前記溶接電流の関係を一様に表すことができる電流パルスの群であるパルセーション工程を一つ以上有することを特徴とする(1)に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(3)
複数の前記パルセーション工程を有し、最初のパルセーション工程である第1パルセーション工程とそれに続く第2パルセーション工程において、
前記第1パルセーション工程における最大溶接電流より前記第2パルセーション工程における最小溶接電流が高いことを特徴とする(2)に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(4)
前記第1パルセーション工程において2以上の電流パルスを有し、電流パルスの通電時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒、通電休止時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒であり、前記第2パルセーション工程において、3以上の電流パルスを有し、電流パルスの通電時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒、通電休止時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒であって、前記第1パルセーション工程と前記第2パルセーション工程の間の通電休止時間が5~120ミリ秒であることを特徴とする(3)に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(5)
前記第1パルセーション工程における溶接電流が5.0以上14.0kA以下であり、前記第2パルセーション工程における溶接電流が5.0kAより大きく16.0kA以下であることを特徴とする(3)または(4)に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(6)
前記第1パルセーション工程における最大溶接電流より前記第2パルセーション工程における最小溶接電流が0.5kA以上高いことを特徴とする(3)~(5)のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(7)
前記第1パルセーション工程における溶接電流が一定の値であり、かつ、前記第2パルセーション工程における溶接電流が一定の値であることを特徴とする(3)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(8)
前記高張力鋼板の表面が亜鉛系皮膜またはアルミ系皮膜で覆われていることを特徴する(1)~(7)のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
(9)
前記高張力鋼板が、ホットスタンプ加工された鋼板であることを特徴とする(1)~(8)のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
また、パルスの形状は矩形に限らない。立上り部分や立下り部分が時間に対し傾斜してもよい。すなわち、台形であってもよいし、極端には三角形であってもよい。
なお、第2パルセーション工程に続くパルセーション工程がある場合、第2と第3パルセーション工程間の休止時間については、特に規定は設けない。
これにより、4√t電流+1.5kA以上、チリ発生電流以下の値に第2パルセーション工程の電流値を設定することで、実部品の溶接でもチリを発生させず、かつ、分流、電極損耗による外乱があってもナゲット径が4√t以上となるスポット溶接部を安定して確保することができる。一方、比較例では4√t電流+1.5kAの電流に設定するとチリが発生する。
Claims (9)
- 高張力鋼板を含む複数の鋼板を重ね合わせて溶接する抵抗スポット溶接方法であって、
通電方式がインバータ直流溶接電源を用いたパルセーション通電であり、
パルセーション通電を構成する複数の電流パルスにおいて、
それぞれの電流パルスの通電時間、電流パルスの間隔である通電休止時間、および電流パルスで印加する溶接電流を可変に制御することを特徴とする抵抗スポット溶接方法。 - 連続する複数の前記電流パルスにおいて、前記通電時間および前記通電休止時間と前記溶接電流の関係が一様に表すことができる電流パルスの群であるパルセーション工程を一つ以上有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
- 複数の前記パルセーション工程を有し、最初のパルセーション工程である第1パルセーション工程とそれに続く第2パルセーション工程において、
前記第1パルセーション工程における最大溶接電流より前記第2パルセーション工程における最小溶接電流が高いことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。 - 前記第1パルセーション工程において2以上の電流パルスを有し、電流パルスの通電時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒、通電休止時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒であり、
前記第2パルセーション工程において、3以上の電流パルスを有し、電流パルスの通電時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒、通電休止時間がそれぞれ5~60ミリ秒であって、
前記第1パルセーション工程と前記第2パルセーション工程の間の通電休止時間が5~120ミリ秒であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。 - 前記第1パルセーション工程における溶接電流が5.0以上14.0kA以下であり、前記第2パルセーション工程における溶接電流が5.0kAより大きく16.0kA以下であることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
- 前記第1パルセーション工程における最大溶接電流より前記第2パルセーション工程における最小溶接電流が0.5kA以上高いことを特徴とする請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
- 前記第1パルセーション工程における溶接電流が一定の値であり、かつ、前記第2パルセーション工程における溶接電流が一定の値であることを特徴とする請求項3~6のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
- 前記高張力鋼板の表面が亜鉛系皮膜またはアルミ系皮膜で覆われていることを特徴する請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
- 前記高張力鋼板が、ホットスタンプ加工された鋼板であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
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JP7230183B2 (ja) | 2018-09-13 | 2023-02-28 | アルセロールミタル | 少なくとも2枚の金属基材の組立体 |
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JPWO2021033364A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-02-25 | ||
JP7476957B2 (ja) | 2021-04-12 | 2024-05-01 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3085485B1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
EP3085485A4 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
CN105636735A (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
JP6137337B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
RU2016124112A (ru) | 2018-01-25 |
US20160228973A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
KR20160045892A (ko) | 2016-04-27 |
ES2764835T3 (es) | 2020-06-04 |
US10406627B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
KR101887789B1 (ko) | 2018-08-10 |
JPWO2015093568A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
CN105636735B (zh) | 2019-05-07 |
RU2663659C2 (ru) | 2018-08-08 |
MX2016006347A (es) | 2016-08-01 |
CA2926914A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
EP3085485A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
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