WO2015090149A1 - 一种节能型曳引式电梯及其节能方法 - Google Patents

一种节能型曳引式电梯及其节能方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015090149A1
WO2015090149A1 PCT/CN2014/093419 CN2014093419W WO2015090149A1 WO 2015090149 A1 WO2015090149 A1 WO 2015090149A1 CN 2014093419 W CN2014093419 W CN 2014093419W WO 2015090149 A1 WO2015090149 A1 WO 2015090149A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
balance weight
position sensor
energy
elevator
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PCT/CN2014/093419
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶荣伟
王秀秀
吕彦斌
何大志
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叶荣伟
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Application filed by 叶荣伟 filed Critical 叶荣伟
Priority to US15/027,664 priority Critical patent/US10329117B2/en
Priority to JP2016531652A priority patent/JP6254277B2/ja
Priority to DE112014004955.7T priority patent/DE112014004955B4/de
Publication of WO2015090149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015090149A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment
    • B66B17/12—Counterpoises
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
    • B66B1/302—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor for energy saving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/04—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals
    • B66B11/043—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by rotating motor; Details, e.g. ventilation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/04—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals
    • B66B11/0492—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by other systems, e.g. combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B9/00—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B50/00—Energy efficient technologies in elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy-saving traction elevator and an energy-saving method thereof, and belongs to the field of elevator energy conservation.
  • the elevator is a vertical transportation vehicle, and it has potential energy characteristics whether it is a car (load) or a counterweight.
  • the quality of the upward and downward transport is about the same.
  • the elevator power consumption only needs to meet the friction and heat loss.
  • the elevator car (load) and the counterweight are equal, the elevator is in an ideal state. Normally, the weight-to-car weight ratio is 1.5:1, and the load changes frequently, so the elevator is difficult to be in an ideal state.
  • the function of the elevator weight balance system is to make the counterweight balance block and the car (load) relatively balanced.
  • the weight difference between the two can be kept small, so that the elevator is in a relatively ideal state. .
  • the elevator work will inevitably lead to the accumulation and release of mechanical potential energy, resulting in waste of energy.
  • variable-weight elevators and energy-saving elevators that use potential energy recovery auxiliary weight devices.
  • the weight of the counterweight is changed, that is, there are loading and unloading actions of the weights.
  • the elevator of the prior art variable weight can effectively reduce the driving torque and power of the traction machine, achieve the purpose of energy saving and improve the service life of the traction machine; but the loading and unloading of the weight block cannot be Avoid the problem of power loss; at the same time, if the load changes are relatively large, there will be more weights for loading and unloading, and the time cost will inevitably occur.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide an energy-saving traction elevator and a power saving method thereof, which are simple and reasonable in structure and utilize the principle of torque balance, can effectively realize energy saving and potential energy storage, release and recovery of the elevator.
  • the present invention provides an energy-saving traction elevator
  • the elevator includes at least one counterweight unit, each counterweight unit includes a traction machine, an automatic transmission, and a gearbox disposed in the machine room.
  • the output shaft of the traction machine is connected to the input shaft of the automatic transmission through the second coupling, and the output shaft of the automatic transmission is connected to one end of the rotating shaft of the hoisting lifting mechanism through the first coupling, and the hoisting lifting mechanism The other end of the rotating shaft is connected to the motor shaft of the generator motor through a clutch;
  • the car and the counterweight are suspended on the traction machine by a wire rope, and the car is provided with a weighing device; the balance weight is suspended on the winch lifting mechanism by a wire rope, and the balance weight is installed in the vertical In the arranged guide rail, the upper side and the lower side of the balance weight are respectively provided with position sensors;
  • the traction machine, automatic transmission, clutch, generator motor, weighing device, position sensor are all connected to the controller via a cable and controlled by the controller.
  • the elevator comprises two counterweight units, and a balance weight is shared between the two counterweight units.
  • the balance weight is suspended on a movable pulley, and the movable pulley is suspended by a wire rope hanging rope lifting mechanism of the two weight units. between.
  • the position sensor is sequentially an upper limit position sensor, an upper warning position sensor, a lower warning position sensor, and a lower limit position sensor from top to bottom, wherein the upper limit position sensor and the upper warning position sensor are located on the upper side of the balance weight.
  • the lower limit position sensor and the lower warning position sensor are located in the hoistway under the balance weight; a section is arranged between the upper limit position sensor and the upper warning position sensor, the lower warning position sensor and the lower limit position sensor. safe distance.
  • the hoisting lifting mechanism includes a drum mounted on the rotating shaft, and a wire rope for balancing the weight or a wire rope of the moving pulley is mounted on the drum.
  • a tensioning wheel of a wire rope is arranged between the traction machine and the counterweight.
  • An energy-saving method for an energy-saving traction elevator which comprises the following steps:
  • a weighing device obtains the overall weight information of the car in real time, and converts the weight information into a control signal and transmits it to the controller;
  • the controller compares the obtained weight information with a preset set value interval, and controls the automatic transmission to perform the energy saving operation, the operation includes:
  • the automatic transmission is started, and the driven hoisting mechanism is driven to raise or lower the balance weight, and the torque generated when the balance weight is raised and lowered is transmitted to the car, and the balance weight is generated.
  • the sum of the turning moment and the turning moment generated by the car is balanced with the turning moment generated by the counterweight;
  • the automatic transmission is started, and the driven hoist is used to raise or lower the balance weight, and the torque generated when the balance weight is raised and lowered is transmitted to the fixed counterweight, and the balance weight is generated.
  • the sum of the turning moment and the turning moment generated by the counterweight is balanced with the turning moment generated by the car;
  • the traction machine raises or lowers the car
  • the warning position sensor When the balance weight is operated to the lower warning position sensor, the warning position sensor is triggered to issue an early warning signal.
  • the controller controls the generator motor to start, raises the balance weight to a safe position, and then repeats step a. , b, c;
  • the controller Stop the elevator operation, and start the generator motor to run the balance weight to a safe position, and then repeat steps a, b, c;
  • the weight of the car when the vehicle is unloaded is 1 unit, and the weight at full load is n units, where n is greater than 1; the set value interval is between 1 unit and n units, the pair is The heavy weight is within the set value interval; the balance weight has a weight of at least 1 unit.
  • said step d comprises
  • the upper warning position sensor When the balance weight is operated to the upper warning position sensor, the upper warning position sensor is triggered to issue an early warning signal, until the car runs to the nearest leveling layer, the clutch is disengaged, the counterweight, the traction machine and the car form a traditional elevator structure, and press
  • the traditional elevator mode is running, and the controller controls the generator motor to start, reduces the balance weight to a safe position, and then repeats steps a, b, and c;
  • the warning position sensor When the balance weight is operated to the lower warning position sensor, the warning position sensor is triggered to issue an early warning signal, until the car runs to the nearest leveling layer, the clutch is disengaged, the counterweight, the traction machine and the car form a traditional elevator structure, and press The traditional elevator mode is running, and the controller controls the generator motor to start, raises the balance weight to a safe position, and then repeats steps a, b, c;
  • the controller stops the elevator operation, the clutch is disengaged, the counterweight, the traction machine and the car constitute a conventional elevator structure, and the conventional The elevator mode is running, and the generator motor is started to run the balance weight to a safe position, and then steps a, b, and c are repeated.
  • the weight of the car when it is idling is 1 unit, and the weight at full load is n units, where n is greater than 1; the set value is between 1 unit and n units,
  • the counterweight has a weight of 1 unit; the balance weight has a weight of at least 1 unit.
  • the weight of the car when it is idling is 1 unit, and the weight at full load is n units, where n is greater than 1; the set value is between 1 unit and n units,
  • the counterweight has a weight of n units; the balance weight has a weight of at least 1 unit.
  • the balance weight completes the storage and release of the elevator potential energy during the ascending or descending process; when the balance weight is actively descended from the high position, the work is performed on the generator motor, and the potential energy is converted into electric energy and fed back to the grid to realize energy recovery.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: using the principle of torque balance, by adding an independent elevator balance weight, to realize the intelligent counterweight of the elevator, so that the elevator reaches a relative balance, thereby reducing the traction torque and power of the traction machine;
  • the power generation motor can be used to generate electricity centrally, which contributes to energy recovery and utilization; the potential energy storage, release, and recovery can achieve effective energy saving and extend the life of the traction machine.
  • Figure 1 is a front view showing the structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing another structure of the present invention.
  • Table 1 is a table of operations of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the elevator includes at least one counterweight unit, each counterweight unit including a traction machine 12 disposed in the machine room, an automatic transmission 11, a hoisting lifting mechanism 9, a generator motor 6, a controller 7, and a car 14, a counterweight 13 and a balance weight 2 disposed in the elevator shaft;
  • the output shaft of the hoisting machine is connected to the input shaft of the automatic transmission 11 through the second coupling 10.2, and the output shaft of the automatic transmission 11 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft of the hoisting lifting mechanism 9 through the first coupling 10.1.
  • the other end of the shaft of the lifter 9 is connected to the motor shaft of the generator motor 6 via the clutch 8;
  • the car 14 and the counterweight 13 are suspended on the hoisting machine 12 by a wire rope, and the car is provided with a weighing device 15; the balance weight 2 is suspended on the hoisting lifting mechanism 9 by a wire rope.
  • the balance weight is installed in the vertically arranged guide rail 3, and the upper side and the lower side of the balance weight are respectively provided with position sensors;
  • the hoisting machine 12, the automatic transmission 11, the hoisting lift mechanism 9, the clutch 8, the generator motor 6, the weighing device 15, and the position sensor are all connected to the controller 7 via a cable and controlled by the controller 7.
  • the automatic transmission is of the prior art and has the functions of shifting, reversing and clutching.
  • the inside of the automatic transmission can realize the forward rotation and the reverse rotation through the Samsung wheel reversing mechanism, and realize the reversing function, so that according to the running load condition of the car, Select to load the balance weight on the car side or the counterweight side; the internal part of the automatic transmission is switched by the gear train, and different gear ratios are selected to realize the shifting function, thereby outputting different torques;
  • the shaft of the automatic transmission can transmit the torque of the balance weight, which can offset the resistance torque caused by the different weights on both sides of the traction machine, thereby reducing the work of the traction machine.
  • the elevator may further include two counterweight units, and a balance weight 2 is shared between the two weight units.
  • the balance weight 2 is suspended on a movable pulley.
  • the movable pulley is suspended between the two lifting weight lifting mechanisms 9 of the two weight units by a wire rope.
  • the position sensor is sequentially an upper limit position sensor 1.4, an upper warning position sensor 1.3, a lower warning position sensor 1.2, and a lower limit position sensor 1.1 from top to bottom, wherein the upper limit position sensor 1.4 and the upper warning position sensor 1.3 are in balance.
  • the lower limit position sensor 1.2 and the lower warning position sensor 1.1 are located in the hoistway on the lower side of the balance weight; the upper limit position sensor 1.4 and the upper warning position sensor 1.3, and the lower warning position sensor 1.2
  • a safety distance is set between the lower limit position sensor and the lower limit position sensor 1.1.
  • the hoisting lifting mechanism 9 includes a drum mounted on the rotating shaft, and the wire rope of the balance weight 2 or the wire rope of the movable pulley 34 is mounted on the drum; the hoisting lifting mechanism itself does not have a power output mechanism, and realizes The power of motion comes from the traction machine or the generator motor.
  • a tensioning wheel of a wire rope is arranged between the traction machine 12 and the counterweight 13 to improve the friction between the wire rope and the traction machine. Rubbing force.
  • the energy-saving method of the energy-saving traction elevator includes the following steps:
  • a weighing device obtains the overall weight information of the car in real time, and converts the weight information into a control signal and transmits it to the controller;
  • the controller compares the obtained weight information with a preset set value interval, and controls the automatic transmission to perform the energy saving operation, the operation includes:
  • the automatic transmission is started, and the driven hoisting mechanism is driven to raise or lower the balance weight, and the weight of the balance weight is converted into the torque transmitted to the car, so that the wire rope on the traction machine is two
  • the end is balanced by force, and the sum of the rotational moment generated by the balance weight and the rotational moment generated by the car is balanced with the rotational moment generated by the counterweight;
  • the automatic transmission starts, and drives the driven winch to raise or lower the balance weight, and converts the weight of the balance weight into torque to the fixed counterweight, so that the wire rope on the traction machine is two
  • the weight of the end reaches equilibrium, and the sum of the rotational torque generated by the balance weight and the rotational torque generated by the counterweight is balanced with the rotational torque generated by the car;
  • the traction machine raises or lowers the car
  • the balance weight When the balance weight is operated to the upper warning position sensor, the upper warning position sensor is triggered to issue an early warning signal, and the car is moved to the nearest leveling layer, the clutch is separated, and the counterweight, the traction machine and the car constitute a traditional elevator structure. And operating in the traditional elevator mode, while the controller controls the generator motor to start, the balance weight is lowered to a safe position, and then steps a, b, c are repeated;
  • the warning position sensor When the balance weight is operated to the lower warning position sensor, the warning position sensor is triggered to issue an early warning signal, until the car runs to the nearest leveling layer, the clutch is disengaged, the counterweight, the traction machine and the car constitute a traditional elevator structure, and Running in the traditional elevator mode, while the controller controls the generator motor to start, raises the balance weight to a safe position, and then repeats steps a, b, c;
  • the controller stops the elevator operation, the clutch is disengaged, the counterweight, the traction machine and the car constitute a conventional elevator structure, and the conventional Elevator mode operation, simultaneously start the generator motor to run the balance weight to a safe position, and then repeat steps a, b, c;
  • the weight of the car when it is idling is 1 unit, and the weight at full load is n units, where n is greater than 1; the set value interval is between 1 unit and n units, the set value interval In accordance with national safety standards, the weight of the counterweight is within the set value interval; the weight of the balance weight is at least 1 unit.
  • the elevator In the residential area, the elevator is often operated at no load. To achieve energy-saving purposes, the weight of the car when it is empty is 1 unit, and the weight at full load is n units, where n is greater than 1; Between 1 unit and n units, the weight of the counterweight is 1 unit; the weight of the balance weight is at least 1 unit; the weight is the same as the weight when the car is empty, so During the operation of the elevator, as long as someone is in the elevator, the weight of the car is greater than the weight of the counterweight. To achieve the balance of the torque on both sides of the traction machine, the automatic transmission converts the weight of the balance weight into a torque to the counterweight. At this time, the torque on both sides of the traction machine is balanced, and the traction machine raises or lowers the car to achieve energy saving purposes.
  • the elevator In the hospital ward building, the elevator is often fully loaded. To achieve energy-saving purposes, the weight of the car when it is empty is 1 unit, and the weight at full load is n units, where n is greater than 1; Between 1 unit and n units, the weight of the counterweight is n units; the weight of the balance weight is at least 1 unit; the weight is the same as the weight when the car is fully loaded, so in the elevator During operation, as long as the elevator is not fully loaded, the weight of the car will be less than the weight of the counterweight. To achieve the balance of the torque on both sides of the traction machine, the automatic transmission converts the weight of the balance weight into a torque applied to the car. At this time, the torque on both sides of the traction machine is balanced, and the traction machine raises or lowers the car to achieve energy saving purposes.
  • the set value interval is a preset number interval, and is different from the fixed set value.
  • the set value is set to the interval value, and the purpose is to consider the actual running process of the elevator.
  • the interval of the fixed value may be 0.9nn units.
  • the set value interval may be 1-1.1; the range of the set value interval is not too large, and the fixed weight is within the set value interval.
  • the balance weight completes the storage and release of the elevator potential energy during the ascending or descending process; when the balance weight touches the upper limit position sensor or the upper warning position sensor and descends, the work is performed on the generator motor, and the potential energy is converted into electric energy and fed back The grid, to achieve energy recovery.
  • the load change device 15 is used to measure the load change of the elevator car 14, and before the car is closed, the measured result is transmitted to the controller 7 through the analog signal; the controller 7 is stored according to the The algorithm program determines whether the balance weight 2 is enabled. If it is required to be enabled, the automatic transmission 11 is controlled to perform a gear ratio changing action, so that the weight of the opposite side and the car side of the elevator are relatively balanced, thereby reducing the traction force of the traction machine.
  • the original traction machine rotating shaft is added to the extension shaft.
  • the extension shaft is coupled to the automatic transmission 11 through the coupling 10.2, and the automatic transmission 11 is fixed on the ground, and the other end is fixed.
  • the coupling 10.1 is coupled to the hoisting lifting mechanism 9, which is suspended with a balance weight 2, and the other end of the hoisting lifting mechanism 9 is connected to the generator motor 6 via the clutch 8, for balancing the position of the counterweight 2,
  • Four position sensors are mounted on the hoistway.
  • the elevator car of a certain district has a net weight of 1 ton, a counterweight of 1 ton, and a passenger capacity of 1 ton (10 persons, each weighing 100 kg), balance weight. 4 tons, excluding the weight of the wire rope; 11 stories high, 3M height, 25M rewound lifting mechanism 9; 0.5M height for lower limit position sensor 1.1, 3.51M height for lower warning position sensor, upper warning position
  • the installation height of the sensor 1.3 is 26.4M
  • the installation height of the upper limit position sensor 1.4 is 29.5M, that is, the normal running height range of the balance weight 2 is 3.51M ⁇ 26.4M.
  • the operation of the energy-saving elevator of the present invention is as shown in Table 1 without considering the friction loss.
  • the energy-saving elevator of the present invention has three operating states, namely, the normal operating state of the balance weight, the high-level power generation state of the balance weight, and the low-level power consumption state of the balance weight.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have the advantages of solving the problem of the fixed weight of the ordinary elevator, ensuring that the weight of the opposite side of the elevator and the weight of the car are relatively balanced; using the principle of moment balance, the design is reasonable, the structure is compact, and the elevator traction is reduced. The machine does work, and the additional power consumption is low while the potential energy storage, release, and recovery are completed. When the elevator balance weight energy accumulates to a higher position, the power generation can be concentrated, which is beneficial to the recycling of electric energy.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any variation in the shape or material composition thereof, and any structural design provided by the present invention is a variation of the present invention, and should be considered within the scope of the present invention. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

公开了一种节能型曳引式电梯及其节能方法，该曳引式电梯包括至少一个配重单元，每个配重单元包括设置在机房内的曳引机（12）、自动变速器（11）、卷扬式提升机构（9）、发电电动机（6）、控制器（7）以及设置在电梯井道内的轿厢（14）、定对重（13）和平衡配重（14）。该曳引式电梯的节能方法是采用力矩平衡原理，通过增加独立的电梯平衡配重，用以实现电梯的智能配重，使得电梯达到相对平衡，从而减小曳引机曳引力矩和功率。当电梯平衡配重的势能累积到较高位置时，可以通过发电电动机集中发电，有助于能量的回收利用。通过势能存储、释放、回收达到有效的节能和延长曳引机使用寿命的效果。

Description

一种节能型曳引式电梯及其节能方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种节能型曳引式电梯及其节能方法，属于电梯节能领域。
背景技术
众所周知，电梯是一种垂直运输工具，不管是轿厢(负载)，还是对重，都具有势能特性。电梯工作时，向上运送与向下运送的质量大致相同，从能量守恒角度来看，电梯功耗只需满足摩擦发热等损失。从机械位能角度来看，如果电梯轿厢(负载)与对重重量相等时，电梯处于理想状态。通常情况下，对重与轿厢重量比为1.5∶1，而负载又经常变化，故电梯很难处于理想状态。
电梯重量平衡系统的作用是使对重平衡块与轿厢(负载)达到相对平衡，在电梯工作时，即使载重发生变化，仍能够保证两者重量差保持较小值，使得电梯处于相对理想状态。相反，若两者存在重量差，电梯工作必然导致机械势能的积累与释放，从而造成能量的浪费。
目前，已经出现多种节能电梯，例如变配重节能电梯以及利用势能回收辅助配重装置的节能电梯等。在这些电梯中，配重质量都是变化的，也就是都有配重块的装卸动作。
现有技术至少存在以下问题：现有技术变配重的电梯，能够有效减小曳引机的驱动力矩与功率，达到节能以及提高曳引机使用寿命的目的；但配重块的装卸，不可避免存在功率损耗问题；同时，如果负载变化比较大时，装卸的配重块会较多，不可避免的出现时间成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种结构简单合理，利用力矩平衡原理，能够有效实现电梯节能和势能存储、释放、回收的节能型曳引式电梯及其节能方法。
为解决现有技术存在在不足，本发明提供了一种节能型曳引式电梯，所述电梯包括至少一个配重单元，每个配重单元包括设置在机房内的曳引机、自动变速器、卷扬式提升机构、发电电动机、控制器以及设置在电梯井道内的轿厢、定对重和平衡配重；
所述曳引机的输出轴通过第二联轴器与自动变速器的输入轴连接，自动变速器的输出轴通过第一联轴器与卷扬式提升机构的转轴一端连接，卷扬式提升机构的转轴另一端通过离合器与所述发电电动机的电机轴连接；
所述轿厢和定对重通过钢丝绳悬挂在曳引机上，轿厢内设有称重装置；所述平衡配重通过钢丝绳悬挂在所述卷扬式提升机构上，平衡配重安装在竖直布置的导轨内，平衡配重的上侧和下侧分别设有位置传感器；
所述曳引机、自动变速器、离合器、发电电动机、称重装置、位置传感器均通过电缆与所述控制器连接并受控制器控制。
所述电梯包括两个配重单元，两个配重单元之间共用一个平衡配重，该平衡配重悬挂在一动滑轮上，动滑轮通过钢丝绳悬挂在两个配重单元的卷扬式提升机构之间。
所述位置传感器从上至下依序为上极限位置传感器、上预警位置传感器、下预警位置传感器、下极限位置传感器，其中，上极限位置传感器、上预警位置传感器位于平衡配重上侧的井道内，下极限位置传感器、下预警位置传感器位于平衡配重下侧的井道内；所述上极限位置传感器和上预警位置传感器之间、下预警位置传感器和下极限位置传感器之间均设置有一段安全距离。
所述卷扬式提升机构包括一个安装在所述转轴上的滚筒，平衡配重的钢丝绳或者动滑轮的钢丝绳安装在滚筒上。
所述曳引机和定对重之间设有钢丝绳的涨紧轮。
一种节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，它包括以下步骤：
a.称重装置实时获取轿厢整体的重量信息，并将该重量信息转化为控制信号传递给控制器；
b.控制器将所获的重量信息与预设的设定值区间做对比，并控制自动变速器进行节能操作，该操作包括：
当重量信息低于设定值下限时，自动变速器启动，并带动从动卷扬机构提升或下降平衡配重，将平衡配重升降时产生的力矩传递给所述轿厢，此时平衡配重产生的转动力矩及轿厢产生的转动力矩之和与定对重产生的转动力矩相平衡；
当重量信息处于设定值的区间内时，曳引机上钢丝绳两端受力平衡，离合器分离，平衡配重不参与电梯运行；
当重量信息高于设定值上限时，自动变速器启动，并带动从动卷扬机提升或下降平衡配重，将平衡配重升降时产生的力矩传递给所述定对重，此时平衡配重产生的转动力矩及定对重产生的转动力矩之和与轿厢产生的转动力矩相平衡；
c.曳引机提升或下降所述轿厢；
d.当平衡配重运行到上预警位置传感器时，触发上预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，控制器控制发电电动机启动，将平衡配重下降到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
当平衡配重运行到下预警位置传感器时，触发下预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，控制器控制发电电动机启动，将平衡配重提升到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
当轿厢在运行到最近平层过程中触发上极限位置传感器或下极限位置传感器时，控制器 停止电梯运行，并启动发电电动机将平衡配重运行到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
所述轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值区间介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量处于该设定值区间内；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位。
作为优选，所述步骤d包括，
当平衡配重运行到上预警位置传感器时，触发上预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时控制器控制发电电机启动，将平衡配重下降到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
当平衡配重运行到下预警位置传感器时，触发下预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时控制器控制发电电机启动，将平衡配重提升到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
当轿厢在运行到最近平层过程中触发上极限位置传感器或下极限位置传感器时，控制器停止电梯运行，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时启动发电电机将平衡配重运行到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c。
作为优选，所述轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量为1个单位；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位。
作为优选，所述轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量为n个单位；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位。
所述平衡配重在上升或下降过程中完成电梯势能的存储与释放；当平衡配重由高位主动下降时，对发电电动机做功，将势能转化为电能并反馈回电网，实现能量的回收。
本发明的有益效果为：采用力矩平衡原理，通过增加独立的电梯平衡配重，用以实现电梯的智能配重，使得电梯达到相对平衡，从而减小曳引机曳引力矩和功率；当电梯平衡配重的势能累积到较高位置时，可以通过发电电动机集中发电，有助于能量的回收利用；通过势能存储、释放、回收达到有效的节能和延长曳引机使用寿命的效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种结构主视图。
图2是本发明的另一种结构示意图。
表1是本发明一种实施例的运行情况表。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明做详细的介绍：如图1、2所示，所述电梯包括至少一个配重单元，每个配重单元包括设置在机房内的曳引机12、自动变速器11、卷扬式提升机构9、发电电动机6、控制器7以及设置在电梯井道内的轿厢14、定对重13和平衡配重2；
所述曳引机的输出轴通过第二联轴器10.2与自动变速器11的输入轴连接，自动变速器11的输出轴通过第一联轴器10.1与卷扬式提升机构9的转轴一端连接，卷扬式提升机构9的转轴另一端通过离合器8与所述发电电动机6的电机轴连接；
所述轿厢14和定对重13通过钢丝绳悬挂在曳引机12上，轿厢内设有称重装置15；所述平衡配重2通过钢丝绳悬挂在所述卷扬式提升机构9上，平衡配重安装在竖直布置的导轨3内，平衡配重的上侧和下侧分别设有位置传感器；
所述曳引机12、自动变速器11、卷扬式提升机构9、离合器8、发电电动机6、称重装置15、位置传感器均通过电缆与所述控制器7连接并受控制器7控制。
所述自动变速器为现有技术，具有变速、换向和离合功能，自动变速器的内部可以通过三星轮换向机构实现正转和反转，实现换向功能，从而可以根据轿厢的运行负载情况，选择将平衡配重加载在轿厢侧或者定对重一侧；自动变速器的内部通过齿轮系进行档位的切换，选择不同的传动比，实现变速功能，从而输出不同的转矩；
自动变速器的轴可以传递平衡配重的扭矩，此扭矩可以抵消曳引机两侧由于重量不同而引起的阻力矩，从而减少曳引机做功。
结合图2所示，本发明的应用具有多种方式，所述电梯还可以包括两个配重单元，两个配重单元之间共用一个平衡配重2，该平衡配重2悬挂在一动滑轮16上，动滑轮通过钢丝绳悬挂在两个配重单元的卷扬式提升机构9之间。
所述位置传感器从上至下依序为上极限位置传感器1.4、上预警位置传感器1.3、下预警位置传感器1.2、下极限位置传感器1.1，其中，上极限位置传感器1.4、上预警位置传感器1.3位于平衡配重上侧的井道内，下极限位置传感器1.2、下预警位置传感器1.1位于平衡配重下侧的井道内；所述上极限位置传感器1.4和上预警位置传感器1.3之间、下预警位置传感器1.2和下极限位置传感器1.1之间均设置有一段安全距离。
所述卷扬式提升机构9包括一个安装在所述转轴上的滚筒，平衡配重2的钢丝绳或者动滑轮34的钢丝绳安装在滚筒上；卷扬式提升机构本身并不具备动力输出机构，实现其运动的动力来自曳引机或者发电电动机。
所述曳引机12和定对重13之间设有钢丝绳的涨紧轮，提高钢丝绳与曳引机之间的摩 擦力。
所述节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，它包括以下步骤：
a.称重装置实时获取轿厢整体的重量信息，并将该重量信息转化为控制信号传递给控制器；
b.控制器将所获的重量信息与预设的设定值区间做对比，并控制自动变速器进行节能操作，该操作包括：
当重量信息低于设定值下限时，自动变速器启动，并带动从动卷扬机构提升或下降平衡配重，将平衡配重的重量转化为力矩传递给所述轿厢，使得曳引机上钢丝绳两端受力平衡，此时平衡配重产生的转动力矩及轿厢产生的转动力矩之和与定对重产生的转动力矩相平衡；
当重量信息处于设定值的区间内时，曳引机上钢丝绳两端受力平衡，离合器分离，平衡配重不参与电梯运行；
当重量信息高于设定值上限时，自动变速器启动，并带动从动卷扬机提升或下降平衡配重，将平衡配重的重量转化为力矩传递给所述定对重，使得曳引机上钢丝绳两端的重量达到平衡，此时平衡配重产生的转动力矩及定对重产生的转动力矩之和与轿厢产生的转动力矩相平衡；
c.曳引机提升或下降所述轿厢；
d.当平衡配重运行到上预警位置传感器时，触发上预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近层平层，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时控制器控制发电电动机启动，将平衡配重下降到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
当平衡配重运行到下预警位置传感器时，触发下预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近层平层，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时控制器控制发电电动机启动，将平衡配重提升到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
当轿厢在运行到最近平层过程中触发上极限位置传感器或下极限位置传感器时，控制器停止电梯运行，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时启动发电电动机将平衡配重运行到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
所述轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值区间介于1个单位和n个单位之间，设定值区间符合国家安全标准，所述定对重的重量处于该设定值区间内；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位。
因电梯的实际运用过程中的情况较繁杂，在不同地方，电梯轿厢运行的负载量有所不同， 以下选取空载运行和满载运行两种极端，对定对重、平衡配重及设定值作详细说明：
居民小区内，电梯常常空载运行，为达到节能目的，设定轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量为1个单位；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位；定对重与轿厢空载时的重量相同，所以在电梯运行过程中，只要有人在电梯内，则轿厢的重量大于定对重的重量，为达到曳引机两侧的力矩平衡，自动变速器将平衡配重的重量转化为力矩施加到定对重上，此时，曳引机两侧的力矩平衡，曳引机提升或下降轿厢，达到节能目的。
医院病房楼里，电梯常常满载运行，为达到节能目的，设定轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量为n个单位；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位；定对重与轿厢满载时的重量相同，因此在电梯运行过程中，只要电梯内不满载，轿厢的重量将小于定对重的重量，为达到曳引机两侧的力矩平衡，自动变速器将平衡配重的重量转化为力矩施加到轿厢上，此时，曳引机两侧的力矩平衡，曳引机提升或下降轿厢，达到节能目的。
有必要说明，所述设定值区间为预设的数量区间，区别于固定的设定值，在本发明的实施例中将设定值设置成区间值，其目的是考虑到电梯实际运行过程中，轿厢内由于人数不同且每个人重量各不相同，很难与固定的设定值一致，因此将设定值设置成一个区间值，更人性化；例如，上述医院病房楼里，设定值的区间可能为0.9n-n个单位，小区里，设定值区间可能是1-1.1；设定值区间的范围不会太大，满足定对重属于设定值区间内即可。
所述平衡配重在上升或下降过程中完成电梯势能的存储与释放；当平衡配重触动上极限位置传感器或上预警位置传感器而下降时，对发电电动机做功，将势能转化为电能并反馈回电网，实现能量的回收。
本发明的工作原理：利用称重装置15对电梯轿厢14的载荷变化进行测量，并在轿厢闭合启动前，将所测量结果通过模拟量信号传送给控制器7；控制器7根据所存储的算法程序，确定是否启用平衡配重2，若需要启用，则控制自动变速器11进行传动比变换动作，使得电梯定对重侧与轿厢侧重量达到相对平衡，从而减小曳引机曳引力矩及功率；当平衡配重2在下预警位置与上预警位置之间运行时，平衡配重2起到势能存储、释放作用；当平衡配重2在触发下预警位置传感器1.2时，轿厢14在运行方向最近平层，发电电动机6启动，提升平衡配重2至合理位置；当平衡配重2在触发上预警位置传感器1.3时，轿厢14在运行方向最近平层，发电电动机6启动，并在平衡配重2下降到合理位置过程中进行发电，此时平衡配重2起到势能的回收作用。
根据本发明一种结构的应用举例如下：
结合图1，对普通电梯进行以下结构改进，原曳引机旋转轴增加伸出轴，该伸出轴通过联轴器10.2与自动变速器11相联接，自动变速器11固定在地面上，其另一端通过联轴器10.1与卷扬式提升机构9相联接，后者悬挂有平衡配重2，卷扬式提升机构9另一端通过离合器8与发电电动机6相连，为反馈平衡配重2的位置，在井道上安装有4个位置传感器。
为了更简单清楚地说明本发明第一实施例的应用，现假设某小区电梯轿厢净重1吨，定对重1吨，载客1吨(10人，每人重100公斤)，平衡配重4吨，不计钢丝绳重量；楼高11层，层高3M，卷扬式提升机构9的可缠绕25M；下极限位置传感器1.1安装高度0.5M，下预警位置传感器1.2安装高度3.51M，上预警位置传感器1.3安装高度26.4M，上极限位置传感器1.4安装高度29.5M，即平衡配重2正常运行高度区间为3.51M～26.4M。在不考虑摩擦损失的情况下，本发明之节能电梯的运行情况如表1。
参见表1，考虑到载荷变化有11种，即0～10人，所以自动变速器传动比有11种，这是理想情况，实际应用可以考虑缩减传动比变换种类，使得轿厢侧与定对重侧的质量大体相同即可。另外，能量的单位是吨.米。
从上面的说明来看，本发明所述的节能电梯有3个运行状态，分别是平衡配重正常运行状态、平衡配重高位下降发电状态、平衡配重低位上升耗电状态。
此外，本发明实施例还具有的优点，解决了普通电梯固定对重问题，确保电梯定对重侧与轿厢侧重量达到相对平衡；采用力矩平衡原理，设计合理，结构紧凑，减少电梯曳引机做功，在完成势能存储、释放、回收的同时额外功耗较低；当电梯平衡配重势能积累到较高位置时，可以集中发电，有利于电能的回收利用。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，不论在其形状或材料构成上作任何变化，凡是采用本发明所提供的结构设计，都是本发明的一种变形，均应认为在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种节能型曳引式电梯，其特征在于：所述电梯包括至少一个配重单元，每个配重单元包括设置在机房内的曳引机(12)、自动变速器(11)、卷扬式提升机构(9)、发电电动机(6)、控制器(7)以及设置在电梯井道内的轿厢(14)、定对重(13)和平衡配重(2)；
    所述曳引机的输出轴通过第二联轴器(10.2)与自动变速器(11)的输入轴连接，自动变速器(11)的输出轴通过第一联轴器(10.1)与卷扬式提升机构(9)的转轴一端连接，卷扬式提升机构(9)的转轴另一端通过离合器(8)与所述发电电动机(6)的电机轴连接；
    所述轿厢(14)和定对重(13)通过钢丝绳悬挂在曳引机(12)上，轿厢内设有称重装置(15)；所述平衡配重(2)通过钢丝绳悬挂在所述卷扬式提升机构(9)上，平衡配重安装在竖直布置的导轨(3)内，平衡配重的上侧和下侧分别设有位置传感器；
    所述曳引机(12)、自动变速器(11)、离合器(8)、发电电动机(6)、称重装置(15)、位置传感器均通过电缆与所述控制器(7)连接并受控制器(7)控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型曳引式电梯，其特征在于：所述电梯包括两个配重单元，两个配重单元之间共用一个平衡配重(2)，该平衡配重(2)悬挂在一动滑轮(16)上，动滑轮通过钢丝绳悬挂在两个配重单元的卷扬式提升机构(9)之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种节能型曳引式电梯，其特征在于：所述位置传感器从上至下依序为上极限位置传感器(1.4)、上预警位置传感器(1.3)、下预警位置传感器(1.2)、下极限位置传感器(1.1)，其中，上极限位置传感器(1.4)、上预警位置传感器(1.3)位于平衡配重上侧的井道内，下极限位置传感器(1.2)、下预警位置传感器(1.1)位于平衡配重下侧的井道内；所述上极限位置传感器(1.4)和上预警位置传感器(1.3)之间、下预警位置传感器(1.2)和下极限位置传感器(1.1)之间均设置有一段安全距离。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种节能型曳引式电梯，其特征在于：所述卷 扬式提升机构(9)包括一个安装在所述转轴上的滚筒，平衡配重(2)的钢丝绳或者动滑轮(16)的钢丝绳安装在滚筒上。
  5. 一种节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，其特征在于：它包括以下步骤：
    a.称重装置实时获取轿厢整体的重量信息，并将该重量信息转化为控制信号传递给控制器；
    b.控制器将所获的重量信息与预设的设定值区间做对比，并控制自动变速器进行节能操作，该操作包括：
    当重量信息低于设定值下限时，自动变速器启动，并带动从动卷扬机构提升或下降平衡配重，将平衡配重升降时产生的力矩传递给所述轿厢，此时平衡配重产生的转动力矩及轿厢产生的转动力矩之和与定对重产生的转动力矩相平衡；
    当重量信息处于设定值的区间内时，曳引机上钢丝绳两端受力平衡，离合器分离，平衡配重不参与电梯运行；
    当重量信息高于设定值上限时，自动变速器启动，并带动从动卷扬机提升或下降平衡配重，将平衡配重升降时产生的力矩传递给所述定对重，此时平衡配重产生的转动力矩及定对重产生的转动力矩之和与轿厢产生的转动力矩相平衡；
    c.曳引机提升或下降所述轿厢；
    d.当平衡配重运行到上预警位置传感器时，触发上预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，控制器控制发电电机启动，将平衡配重下降到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
    当平衡配重运行到下预警位置传感器时，触发下预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，控制器控制发电电机启动，将平衡配重提升到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
    当轿厢在运行到最近平层过程中触发上极限位置传感器或下极限位置传感器时，控制器停止电梯运行，并启动发电电机将平衡配重运行到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，其特征在于：所述步骤d包括，
    当平衡配重运行到上预警位置传感器时，触发上预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时控制器控制发电电机启动，将平衡配重下降到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
    当平衡配重运行到下预警位置传感器时，触发下预警位置传感器发出预警信号，待轿厢运行到最近平层，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时控制器控制发电电机启动，将平衡配重提升到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c；
    当轿厢在运行到最近平层过程中触发上极限位置传感器或下极限位置传感器时，控制器停止电梯运行，离合器分离，定对重、曳引机和轿厢构成传统电梯结构，并按传统电梯模式运行，同时启动发电电机将平衡配重运行到安全位置，而后重复步骤a、b、c。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，其特征在于：所述轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值区间介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量处于该设定值区间内；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位。
  8. 根据权利要求5或6所述的节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，其特征在于：所述轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量为1个单位；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位。
  9. 根据权利要求5或6所述的节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，其特征在于：所述轿厢空载时的重量为1个单位，满载时的重量为n个单位，其中n大于1；所述设定值介于1个单位和n个单位之间，所述定对重的重量为n个单位；所述平衡配重的重量至少为1个单位。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的节能型曳引式电梯的节能方法，其特征在于： 所述平衡配重在上升或下降过程中完成电梯势能的存储与释放；当平衡配重触动上极限位置传感器或上预警位置传感器而下降时，对发电电动机做功，将势能转化为电能并反馈回电网，实现能量的回收。
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