WO2015089753A1 - 一种2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2015089753A1
WO2015089753A1 PCT/CN2013/089773 CN2013089773W WO2015089753A1 WO 2015089753 A1 WO2015089753 A1 WO 2015089753A1 CN 2013089773 W CN2013089773 W CN 2013089773W WO 2015089753 A1 WO2015089753 A1 WO 2015089753A1
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zinc
catalyst
alkaline earth
arylpropionate
hydroxide
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陈芬儿
何秋琴
熊方均
陈文学
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Fudan University
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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of chemical catalysts, and particularly relates to a catalyst for zinc 2-arylpropionate and a preparation method and application thereof, especially in the synthesis of 2-arylpropionic acid non-inflammatory anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs. Background technique
  • 2-arylpropionic acid non-antibody anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen, loxoprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, etc., widely in clinical practice It is used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and a variety of fever and pain relief.
  • the 1,2-aryl rearrangement of the ⁇ -haloaryl ketal is a classical method for the preparation of 2-arylpropionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics in the presence of a catalyst. Giordano catalyzes the 1,2-aryl rearrangement of ⁇ -haloaryl ketals with AgB F 4 , but AgBF 4 is expensive and unsuitable for industrial production (J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 , 1982, 1 1 , 2575; Tetrahedron, 1982, 23, 1385 ).
  • Patent 0174844 describes the use of ZnO, ZnS or Zn(OH) 2 to catalyze this rearrangement reaction with higher recovery yields, but due to the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, the reaction requires higher temperatures, easier batching, and better product quality. difference.
  • U.S. Patent 4,623,736 discloses that zinc 2-ethylhexanoate catalyzes the rearrangement of alpha-chloro-p-isobutylphenyl ketal to prepare ibuprofen, but this reaction is harsh and reacts in the absence of a solvent. The product is a black oil. , the quality is poor.
  • the invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a homogeneous catalyst of zinc 2-arylpropionate, a preparation method thereof and application thereof, in particular, the catalyst is used in the synthesis of 2-arylpropionic acid non-inflammatory anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs.
  • the zinc 2-arylpropionate catalyst provided by the present invention has one of the following structural formulas:
  • R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C C 4 fluorenyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, halogen, phenyl, benzyl; is an ortho, meta or para substitution, monosubstituted or polysubstituted; R 2 is C -5, 6, 7, 8-position substitution, single substitution or multiple substitution.
  • the alkaline earth hydroxide is dissolved in d-C4 alcohol at room temperature, 2-arylpropionic acid is added, and the mixture is reacted at room temperature to 100 ° C for 0.5-2 h to obtain a 2-arylpropionic acid alkaline earth salt solution.
  • the alkaline earth hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, and the molar ratio of 2-arylpropionic acid to alkaline earth hydroxide is from 1:0.8 to 1:1.5.
  • the preferred reaction conditions of the present invention are: in the step (1), the alkaline earth hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, the d-C4 alcohol is methanol or ethanol, the reaction temperature is 45--55 ° C, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 h.
  • the molar ratio of 2-arylpropionic acid to alkaline earth hydroxide is 1:1 1:1.1.
  • the zinc salt used is zinc acetate, and the molar ratio of zinc acetate to sodium 2-arylpropionate is 0.5:1 to 0.5:1.1.
  • the zinc 2-arylpropionate catalyst of the present invention can be used to catalyze the 1,2-aryl rearrangement reaction of the corresponding ⁇ -haloaryl ketal (III).
  • the 2-aryl propionic acid non-inflammatory anti-inflammatory analgesic drug is catalytically synthesized by the rearrangement reaction.
  • the zinc 2-arylpropionate and the ⁇ -haloaryl ketal are reacted in a single or mixed aromatic hydrocarbon solvent at 80 to 160 ° C for 1 to 10 hours.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is benzene, monosubstituted benzene or polysubstituted benzene.
  • the molar ratio of the zinc 2-arylpropionate catalyst to the ⁇ -haloaryl ketal is from 0.01:1 to 0.5:1.
  • the preferred reaction conditions for the rearrangement reaction are as follows: the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is toluene, the reaction temperature is 110 to 120 V, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the ⁇ -haloaryl ketal is 0.02:1 to 0.1:1.
  • Alpha-halogen The ketal can be prepared by the following literature method: US4623736; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 , 1986, 1983; Chen Fener et al., Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1996, 27, 195; Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1998, 29, 53 1; Huaxi Pharmaceutical Journal, 1995, 10, 129; Xiong Xianqiang et al., China Pharmaceutical Industry Journal, 2000, 31, 436.
  • the ⁇ -haloaryl ketal may be selected from one of the following structural formulas:
  • the zinc 2-arylpropionate catalyst of the invention has simple synthesis and can uniformly synthesize 2-arylpropionic acid non-antibody anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs in a high yield and mild condition.

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Abstract

本发明属于化工催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂及其制备方法和应用。本发明2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂的结构式为下述之一种。该催化剂可用于均相催化相应的α-卤代芳基缩酮的1,2-芳基重排反应中,尤其可合成产率高和环境友好的2-芳基丙酸类非甾体抗炎镇痛药物,例如:布洛芬、酮基布洛芬、洛索洛芬、氟比洛芬、非诺洛芬或萘普生等。

Description

一种 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于化工催化剂技术领域, 具体涉及一种 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂及 其制备方法和应用,尤其在合成 2-芳基丙酸类非 体抗炎镇痛药物中的应用。 背景技术
2-芳基丙酸类非^体抗炎镇痛药物如布洛芬、 酮基布洛芬、 洛索洛芬、 氟比洛芬、 非诺洛芬、 萘普生等, 在临床上广泛用于治疗骨关节炎、 类风湿 性关节炎, 以及多种发热和疼痛症状的缓解。
在催化剂存在下, α-卤代芳基缩酮的 1, 2-芳基重排是制备 2-芳基丙酸类 非甾体抗炎镇痛药物的经典方法。 Giordano用 AgB F4催化 α-卤代芳基缩酮的 1, 2-芳基重排反应, 但 AgBF4价格昂贵, 不适合工业化生产 (J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 , 1982, 1 1 , 2575; Tetrahedron, 1982, 23, 1385 ) 。 有文献报道 路易斯酸如无水 ZnCl2、 ZnBr2或 SnCl4等可催化 α-卤代芳基缩酮的 1, 2-芳基 重排, 但反应过程中有胶状黑色不溶物产生, 分离操作较繁琐 (欧洲专利 ΕΡ0035305 , 0034871、 0163338; 美国专利 4414405 ; J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 4658; 医药工业, 1988, 19, 483)。 陈芬儿等 (中国专利 ZL00127293.4 ; 中 国医药工业杂志, 1998, 29, 531; 华西药学杂志, 1995, 10, 129 ) 、 Piccolo ( J. Org. Chem., 1987, 52, 10 ) 及欧洲专利 0174844 描述用 ZnO、 ZnS 或 Zn(OH)2催化这一重排反应, 重排收率较高, 但由于非均相催化剂存在, 该 反应需要较高温度, 容易冲料, 且产品质量较差。 美国专利 US4623736披露 2-乙基己酸锌催化 α-氯代对异丁苯基缩酮重排制备布洛芬, 但这一反应条件 苛刻, 在几乎无溶剂存在下反应, 产物是黑色油状物, 质量较差。 中国专利 ZL92106667.8 采用对甲苯磺酸锌或其与 ZnO 的混合物催化分子重排制备布 洛芬, 需 140- 150 °C高温进行。 发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术不足, 提供一种 2-芳基丙酸锌均相催化剂 及其制备方法和应用, 尤其该催化剂在合成 2-芳基丙酸类非 体抗炎镇痛药 物中的应用。
本发明提供的这类 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂, 具有如下结构式之一种:
Figure imgf000003_0001
(I) (ll)
其中, R2分别选自氢, C C4垸基, 甲氧基, 三氟甲基, 卤素, 苯基, 苄基; 为邻、 间、 对位取代, 单取代或多取代; R2为 C-5, 6, 7, 8位取代, 单取代或多取代。
Figure imgf000003_0002
具体步骤为:
(1) 在室温下, 将碱土氢氧化物溶于 d-C4醇中, 加入 2-芳基丙酸, 室温 至 100°C反应 0.5-2h, 得 2-芳基丙酸碱土盐溶液。 所述的碱土氢氧化物为氢氧 化钠、 氢氧化钾或氢氧化钙, 2-芳基丙酸、 碱土氢氧化物的摩尔比为 1:0.8— 1:1.5。
(2) 在上述 2-芳基丙酸碱土盐溶液中, 加入锌盐或氧化锌, 室温至 100°C 反应 0.5-20 h, 得 2-芳基丙酸锌; 所述锌盐为氯化锌、 硫酸锌或醋酸锌; 所述 的锌盐或氧化锌, 与 2-芳基丙酸碱土盐的摩尔比为 0.5:1- 0.5:1.2。
本发明较佳反应条件为: 步骤(1)中, 碱土氢氧化物为氢氧化钠, d-C4 醇为甲醇或乙醇, 反应温度为 45--55°C, 反应时间为 0.5-2 h, 2-芳基丙酸、 碱 土氢氧化物的摩尔比为 1:1 1:1.1。 步骤 (2) 中, 所用的锌盐为醋酸锌, 醋酸 锌与 2-芳基丙酸钠的摩尔比为 0.5:1-0.5:1.1 。
本发明所述的 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂可用于催化相应的 α-卤代芳基缩酮 (III) 的 1, 2-芳基重排反应。 尤其是通过所述重排反应, 催化合成 2-芳基丙 酸类非 体抗炎镇痛药物。 具体说来, 2-芳基丙酸锌与 α-卤代芳基缩酮在单 一的或混合的芳香烃类溶剂中, 80-160 °C反应 l-10h。 所述的芳香烃类溶剂 为苯、 单取代苯或多取代苯等。 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂与 α-卤代芳基缩酮的摩 尔比为 0.01:1-0.5:1。
本发明中, 重排反应较佳反应条件为: 芳香烃类溶剂为甲苯, 反应温度 为 110— 120 V, 催化剂、 α-卤代芳基缩酮的摩尔比为 0.02:1-0.1:1。 α-卤代芳 基缩酮可参考如下文献方法制备: US4623736 ; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 , 1986, 1983; 陈芬儿等, 中国医药工业杂志, 1996, 27, 195; 中国医药工 业杂志, 1998, 29, 53 1; 华西药学杂志, 1995, 10, 129; 熊贤强等, 中国医 药工业 志, 2000, 31, 436。 α-卤代芳基缩酮可选自下述结构式之一种:
Figure imgf000004_0001
I lia 1Mb lllc Mid 其中, Ar为 Rl^^或 ^3 ^, X为 Cl、 Br或 I。
本发明所述的 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂合成简单, 并可高产率、 条件温和地 均相催化合成 2-芳基丙酸类非 ^体抗炎镇痛药物。 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述, 但本发明的保护范围并 不限于此。 实施例 1、 2-苯基丙酸锌的合成
于 100 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入氢氧化钠 0.4 g (0.01 mol), 甲醇 15 mL, 室温 搅拌溶解后, 加入 2-苯基丙酸 1.5 g (0.01 mol), 50 °C反应 0.5 h, 冷却至室温。 滴加二水醋酸锌 1.1 g (0.005 mol)溶于甲醇 (10 mL ) 的溶液, 滴毕, 50 °C反 应 l h, 回收大部分溶剂, 过滤出白色固体, 甲醇溶液洗, 于减压下 150 °C干 燥 7 h,得 2-苯丙酸锌 1.81 g, 收率 99.5%, m.p.262-264 °C。
实施例 2、 2-对甲苯基丙酸锌的合成
于 100 mL圆底烧瓶中, 力口入氢氧化钠 0.44 g (0.01 1 mol), 甲醇 15 mL, 室 温搅拌溶解后, 加入 2-对甲苯基丙酸 1.64 g (0.01 mol), 50 °C反应 2 h, 冷却 至室温。 滴加二水醋酸锌 1.1 g (0.005 mol)溶于甲醇 (10 mL ) 的溶液, 滴毕, 回流反应 7 h, 回收大部分溶剂, 过滤出白色固体, 甲醇溶液洗, 于减压下 150 °C干燥 7 h,得 2-对甲苯基丙酸锌 1.66 g, 收率 84.7%, m.p.256-258 °C。
实施例 3、 2-对异丁苯基丙酸锌的合成
于 25 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入氢氧化钠 44 mg (1.1 mmol), 甲醇 8 mL, 室温 搅拌溶解后, 加入 2-对异丁苯基丙酸 206 mg (1 mmol) , 50 °C反应 2 h, 冷却 至室温。 滴加二水醋酸锌 110mg(0.5 mmol)溶于甲醇 (2 mL) 的溶液, 滴毕, 回流反应 10 h, 回收大部分溶剂, 过滤出白色固体, 甲醇溶液洗, 于减压下 150 °C干燥 7 h,得 2-对异丁苯基丙酸锌 192 mg, 收率 80.8%, m.p.203-206 V。
实施例 4、 2-(6-甲氧萘基)丙酸锌的合成
于 25 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入氢氧化钠 40 mg (1 mmol), 甲醇 8 mL, 室温搅 拌溶解后, 加入 2-(6-甲氧萘基 -2-基)丙酸 230 mg(l mmol), 50 °C反应 2h, 冷 却至室温。 滴加二水醋酸锌 110 mg (0.5 mmol)溶于甲醇 (2 mL) 的溶液, 滴 毕, 回流反应 7h, 回收大部分溶剂, 过滤出白色固体, 甲醇溶液洗, 于减压 下 150 °C干燥 7 h,得 2-(6-甲氧萘基 -2-基)丙酸锌 183 mg, 收率 69.8%, m.p.205-207 °C。
下面是 2-芳基丙酸锌在催化相应的 α-卤代芳基缩酮的 1, 2-芳基重排反应 中的应用的例子。
实施例 5、 2- (6-甲氧基 -2-基) 萘基丙酸锌催化合成 2- (6-甲氧基 -2-基) 萘基丙酸 ( (士) -萘普生)
于 500 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入 2- (1-溴乙基) -2- (6-甲氧萘 -2-基) -5,5-二 甲基 -1,3-环氧己垸 16.7 g (0.05 mol)、 2-(6-甲氧萘基)丙酸锌 0.523 g (0.001 mol) 、 甲苯 50mL, 回流反应 5.5 h, 加入 30%氢氧化钠溶液 (50 mL) , 搅拌 回流 3.5 h后, 冷却至 50°C, 加入水 (30 mL) 和少量活性碳, 继续搅拌回流 0.5 ho 冷却, 过滤、 静置, 分出水层, 甲苯层用水洗 (50mLX3) , 合并水 层, 用浓盐酸调 pH至 1-2, 析出白色固体, 过滤, 水洗, 干燥的粗品。 用乙 醇 -水重结晶, 得白色粉末 11.14 g, 收率 96.9%。 mp 152-154 °C。
实施例 6、 2- (4-甲基苯基) 丙酸锌催化合成 2- (4-甲氧基苯基) 丙酸(洛 索洛芬关键中间体)
于 500 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入 2- (1-氯乙基) -5,5-二甲基 -2-对甲苯基 -1,3- 环氧己垸 13.4 g (0.05 mol)、 2-(6-甲氧萘基)丙酸锌 0.523 g (0.001 mol) 、 甲 苯 50 mL, 回流反应 3.5 h, 加入 30%氢氧化钠溶液 (50 mL) , 搅拌回流 3.5 h 后, 冷却至 50 °C, 加入水 (30 mL) 和少量活性碳, 继续搅拌回流 0.5 h。 冷 却, 过滤、 静置, 分出水层, 甲苯层用水洗 (50mLX3) , 合并水层, 用浓 盐酸调 pH至 1-2, 氯仿提取 (30 mLX3) , 无水硫酸钠干燥, 蒸去氯仿, 得 无色固体 7.92 g, 收率 96.6%。 mp 37-38 °C。 实施例 7、 2- (4-异丁基苯基) 丙酸锌催化合成 2- (4-异丁基苯基) 丙酸
(布洛芬)
于 500 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入 2- (1-溴乙基) -2-对异丁苯基 -1,3-环氧戊垸 15.6 g (0.05 mol)、2-(6-甲氧萘基)丙酸锌 0.784 g(0.0015 mol)、甲苯 50 mL, 回 流反应 3.0 h, 加入 30%氢氧化钠溶液 (50 mL) , 搅拌回流 3.5 h后, 冷却至 50 °C, 加入水 (30 mL) 和少量活性碳, 继续搅拌回流 0.5 h。 冷却, 过滤、 静置, 分出水层, 甲苯层用水洗 (50mLX3) , 合并水层, 用浓盐酸调 pH至 1-2, 析出白色固体, 过滤, 水洗, 干燥的粗品。 用乙醇 -水重结晶, 得白色 粉末 10.01 g, 收率 97.2%。 mp 74-75 °C。
实施例 8、 2- (3-苯氧基) 丙酸锌催化合成 2- (3-苯氧基) 丙酸 (非诺洛 芬)
于 500 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入 1- (1,1-二乙氧基 -2-碘丙基) -3-苯氧苯 8.52 g (0.02 mol), 2-(6-甲氧萘基)丙酸锌 0.219 g (0.0004 mol) 、 甲苯 30 mL, 回流 反应 3.5h,加入 30%氢氧化钠溶液(50 mL),搅拌回流 3.5 h后,冷却至 50 °C, 加入水 (15 mL) 和少量活性碳, 继续搅拌回流 0.5 h。 冷却, 过滤、 静置, 分出水层, 甲苯层用水洗 (30 mLX3) , 合并水层, 用浓盐酸调 pH至 1-2, 氯仿提取 (30mLX3) , 无水硫酸钠干燥, 蒸去氯仿, 得浅黄色液体 4.48 g, 收率 92·5%。
Figure imgf000006_0001
1.49 (d, 3 H, CH3)、3.71 (q, 1 H, CH)、 6.87-7.37 (m, 9 H, ArH), 7.50-8.40 (brs, COOH
实施例 9、 2- (3-氟 -4-苯基) 苯丙酸锌催化合成 2- (3-氟 -4-苯基) 苯丙酸
(氟比洛芬)
于 500 mL 圆底烧瓶中, 加入 2- (1-溴乙基) -2- (2-氟 -(1,1,-联二苯 -4- 基) -5,5-二甲基 -1,3-二氧环己垸 7.84 g (0.02 mol)、2-(6-甲氧萘基)丙酸锌 0.276 g (0.0005 mol) 、 甲苯 30mL, 回流反应 3.5 h, 加入 30%氢氧化钠溶液 (50 mL) , 搅拌回流 3.5 h后, 冷却至 50 °C, 加入水 (15 mL) 和少量活性碳, 继续搅拌回流 0.5 h。 冷却, 过滤、 静置, 分出水层, 甲苯层用水洗 (30 mL X3) , 合并水层, 用浓盐酸调 pH至 1-2, 析出白色固体, 过滤, 水洗, 干 燥的粗品。用乙醇 -水重结晶,得白色粉末 4.45 g,收率 91.2%。mp 110-112。C。

Claims

权 利 要 求 为下述之一种: (I) (II) 其中, !^, R2分别选自氢, C C4垸基, 甲氧基, 三氟甲基, 卤素, 苯基, 苄基; 为邻、 间、 对位取代, 单取代或多取代; R2为 C-5, 6, 7, 8位 取代, 单取代或多取代。 2、 如权利要求 1所述的 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在于具 体步骤为:
(1) 将碱土氢氧化物溶于 CrC4醇中, 加入 2-芳基丙酸, 室温至 100°C反 应 0.5-2 h, 得 2-芳基丙酸碱土盐溶液; 所述的碱土氢氧化物为氢氧化锂、 氢 氧化钠、氢氧化钾或氢氧化钙, 2-芳基丙酸与碱土氢氧化物的摩尔比为 1:0.8— 1:1.5;
(2) 在上述 2-芳基丙酸碱土盐溶液中, 加入锌盐或氧化锌, 室温至 100 °C反应 0.5-20 h, 得 2-芳基丙酸锌; 所述锌盐为氯化锌、 硫酸锌或醋酸锌; 所 述的锌盐或氧化锌、 2-芳基丙酸碱土盐的摩尔比为 0.5:1- 0.5:1.2 。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在于 步骤(1)中, 碱土氢氧化物为氢氧化钠, d-C4醇为甲醇或乙醇, 反应温度为 45-55°C, 反应时间为 0.5-2 h, 2-芳基丙酸、 碱土氢氧化物的摩尔比为 1 :1 1:1.1。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂的制备方法, 其特征在 于步骤 (2) 中, 所用的锌盐为醋酸锌, 醋酸锌与 2-芳基丙酸钠的摩尔比为 0.5:1-0.5:1.1 。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂在均相催化 α-卤代芳基缩酮 的 1, 2-芳基重排反应中的应用; 其特征在于 2-芳基丙酸锌与 α-卤代芳基缩酮 在单一的或混合的芳香烃类溶剂中, 80-160 °C反应 l-10 h, 得到 2-芳基丙酸 类非 体抗炎镇痛药物; 所述的芳香烃类溶剂为苯、 单取代苯或多取代苯; 2-芳基丙酸锌催化剂与 α-卤代芳基缩酮的摩尔比为 0.01:1-0.5:1。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的应用; 其特征在于所述芳香烃类溶剂为甲苯, 反应温度为 110—120 °C, 催化剂与 α-卤代芳基缩酮的摩尔比为 0.02:1-0.1:1。
7 、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的应用; 其特征在于所述 α-卤代芳基缩酮为 下述 一种:
Figure imgf000008_0001
Ilia 1Mb lllc Mid 其中, Ar为
Figure imgf000008_0002
, X为 Cl、 Br或 I。
8、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的应用, 其特征在于所述 2-芳基丙酸类非 甾体抗炎镇痛药物为布洛芬、 酮基布洛芬、 洛索洛芬、 氟比洛芬、 非诺洛芬 或萘普生。
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