CN108947861A - 双氯芬酸钠的合成方法 - Google Patents

双氯芬酸钠的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN108947861A
CN108947861A CN201810943569.XA CN201810943569A CN108947861A CN 108947861 A CN108947861 A CN 108947861A CN 201810943569 A CN201810943569 A CN 201810943569A CN 108947861 A CN108947861 A CN 108947861A
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陈芬儿
王令东
孟歌
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Fudan University
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Abstract

本发明属药物化学合成技术领域,具体非甾体类消炎镇痛药双氯芬酸钠的合成方法。本发明合成方法反应步骤为:由苯乙酸酯经硝化反应制备邻硝基苯乙酸酯(2);由化合物(2)经氢化还原反应制备邻氨基苯乙酸酯(3);由化合物(3)的氨基经过酰胺化,制得2‑(2‑苯甲酰氨基苯基)乙酸酯(4);由化合物(4)与二氯亚砜制得氯化亚胺中间体,再在无机碱作用下与2,6‑二氯苯酚缩合制备(E)‑甲基‑2‑(2‑((2,6‑二氯苯氧基)(苯基)亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯(5);由化合物(5)经Chapman重排反应制备甲基2‑(2‑(N‑(2,6‑二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯(6);由化合物(6)经水解制备双氯芬酸钠。由苯乙酸甲酯计算,总收率为67%。本发明方法原料易得,成本经济,操作简便,反应条件温和,易于工业化生产。

Description

双氯芬酸钠的合成方法
技术领域
本发明属药物化学合成技术领域,具体涉及双氯芬酸钠的合成方法。
背景技术
双氯芬酸钠是一种非甾体类消炎镇痛药,是1974年上市的一种强效芳基乙酸类非甾体抗炎药,在临床上用于解热镇痛,并广泛用于治疗慢性风湿性关节炎、变形脊椎症、神经痛、感冒症候群、红斑狼疮以及术后的疼痛、发炎等。由于其疗效好,口服迅速吸收,起效快,排泄快,长期服用无继续作用,个体差异小,一直得到医生和患者的青睐。其结构式为(1)所示:
英国专利1132128、美国专利3558690叙述了以邻(溴)苯甲酸为起始原料经Ullmann缩合和脱羧反应制得关键中间体2,6-二氯二苯胺,继而经酰化反应、关环、水解开环/成盐制得双氯芬酸钠(1)。此方法是我国最早用于生产双氯芬酸钠的工业合成路线,原料易得,但其步骤冗长,总收率低,环境污染严重。荷兰专利6604752和日本专利23418发明了用溴苯与2,6-二氯苯胺进行Ullmann缩合一步制得2,6-二氯二苯胺,收率接近50%。此法曾被很多工厂所采用的,但因路线中有少量难以分离的N-苯基-2-氯-6-溴苯胺等副产物生成,且这些微量的芳香溴化物的存在会引起胃溃疡等副作用,工业应用收到了很大限制。欧洲专利0380712,世界专利022522先后描述了以苯胺为起始原料,经酰化、醚化、Chapman重排三步一锅反应制备(1)的合成方法。陈芬儿等(中国医药工业杂志,1998, 29, 339)对此法进行了重大改进,但此法三废污染严重,劳动保护要求高,总成分大幅度提高。陈芬儿等(中国专利,公开号:CN 1580039A)描述了以环己酮为起始原料,经氯化、羧化、氢化还原、缩合、芳构化/成盐反应制得1,此法虽收率较高,但步骤较长,所用有机磷试剂对环境毒性较大,工业生产受到限制。美国专利4978773、秦丙昌等(应用化工,2008, 3, 275)叙述了以2,6-二氯二苯胺和氯乙酰氯为主要原料,经酰化反应、分子内傅-克烷基化反应,再经碱水解开环反应得到产物,但反应步骤较多,总收率较低。
为克服上述合成路线的不足,降低双氯芬酸钠的合成成本,有必要另辟蹊径,寻找一条有效的高产率低成本的合成路线。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种以苯乙酸酯为原料、收率高、成本低、能耗少、污染轻、反应环境友好的双氯芬酸钠(1)的合成方法。
本发明提供双氯芬酸钠(1)的合成方法,其反应路线如下:
式中,R为C1-C8烷基或环烷基,单取代或多取代芳基或芳烷基。
本发明合成方法的具体步骤为:
(1)在一定浓度的硝化反应剂(如发烟硝酸、浓硝酸等)二氯甲烷溶液中,苯乙酸酯经邻位硝化,制得化合物邻硝基苯乙酸酯 (2);
(2)在钯催化剂的催化下,化合物邻硝基苯乙酸酯(2)进行氢化反应,制得化合物邻氨基苯乙酸酯(3);
(3)化合物邻氨基苯乙酸酯(3)的氨基进行酰胺化,制得化合物2-(2-苯甲酰氨基苯基)乙酸酯(4);
(4)化合物2-(2-苯甲酰氨基苯基)乙酸酯(4)与二氯亚砜反应,制得氯代亚胺中间体,再在无机碱作用下与2,6-二氯苯酚缩合,制得化合物(E)-甲基-2-(2-((2,6-二氯苯氧基)(苯基)亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯(5);
(5)化合物(E)-甲基-2-(2-((2,6-二氯苯氧基)(苯基)亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯(5)经Chapman重排反应,制得化合物甲基2-(2-(N-(2,6-二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯(6);
(6)化合物甲基2-(2-(N-(2,6-二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯(6)经无机碱水解,即得目标产物双氯芬酸钠(1)。
由苯甲酸酯计算,总收率约为67%。产品质量符合USP、BP、日本药局和中国药典各项标准。
反应步骤(1)中,所述硝化反应剂为硝酸,或发烟硝酸,或硝酸/硫酸混合,或硝酸/乙酸混合,有机溶剂是二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、二氧六环中的一种,或者其中的几种的混合溶剂,也可以无溶剂;反应温度为0~25℃。
反应步骤(1)中,优选硝化反应剂为发烟硝酸,或硝酸/硫酸混合物,有机溶剂为无溶剂或二氯甲烷,反应温度为-10~25℃。
反应步骤(2)中,所用的钯催化剂为Pd/C、D61-Pd、D72-Pd、D152-Pd、D261-Pd或D296-Pd;氢化压力为常压~1.0 Mpa,有机溶剂为低分子量的醇或低分子量的酯类,溶剂可以是单一溶剂,或者是其中几种的混合溶剂,反应温度为0~50℃。
优选所用钯催化剂为Pd/C,氢化压力是常压,反应溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或乙酸乙酯,反应温度为5~25℃。
反应步骤(3)中,所用的酰胺化试剂为苯甲酰氯,缚酸剂为三乙胺,或碳酸钾,或碳酸钠,反应温度为0~30℃。
反应步骤(4)中,所用无机碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠或氢化钠,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二甲苯,反应温度为60~130℃。
优选无机碱为碳酸钠或碳酸钾,有机溶剂为甲苯。
反应步骤(5)中,有机溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯或二苯醚,或无溶剂反应,反应温度为110~300℃。
反应步骤(6)中,所用的无机碱为氢氧化钠,有机溶剂为甲苯或甲醇,反应温度为50~150℃。
本发明设计的合成方法,原料廉价易得,使用各种无机碱和高效无机催化剂,后处理方便污染小,溶剂回收率高,有效地解决了传统合成路线的诸多问题,有利于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为(E)-甲基2 -(2 -((2,6-二氯苯氧基)苯基亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯的1H NMR。
图2为甲基2-(2 -(N-(2,6-二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯的1H NMR。
图3为(E)-甲基-2-(2-((2,6-二氯苯氧基)(苯基)亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯(5)的质谱。
图4为甲基2-(2-(N-(2,6-二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯(6)的质谱。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步描述说明,但并不因此而限制本发明的内容。
邻硝基苯乙酸酯(2)的制备
实施例1、将苯乙酸甲酯 (50g,0.33mol)、二氯甲烷 (66 mL) 置于干燥反应瓶中,0℃剧烈搅拌,缓慢滴加发烟硝酸 (104g,1.65mol) 和二氯甲烷 (66mL) 溶液。滴加完毕后升至室温继续搅拌1小时,TLC监测反应。反应完毕后用水洗涤反应液至中性,有机相用硫酸钠溶液 (10%)洗涤,浓缩,减压分馏得淡黄色液体为中间体2 (41.4g,64%),b.p. 112~116℃。
实施例2、将苯乙酸甲酯 (45g,0.3mol)、二氯甲烷 (1500 mL)置于干燥反应瓶中,0℃剧烈搅拌,缓慢滴加发烟硝酸 (189g,3mol) 和二氯甲烷 (462 mL)溶液。滴加完毕后升至室温继续搅拌24小时,TLC监测反应。反应完毕后用水洗涤反应液至中性,有机相用硫酸钠溶液 (10%)洗涤,浓缩,减压分馏得淡黄色液体为中间体2 (49.2g,84%),b.p. 113~115℃。
邻氨基苯乙酸酯(3)的制备
实施例1、将化合物2 (97.6g,0.5mol)、Pd/C (0.98g) 和甲苯 (200mL) 置反应瓶中,于5℃常压下通氢气经氢化反应过夜。反应毕,过滤,用少量甲苯洗涤,合并滤液和洗液,回收甲苯,析出固体,真空干燥,得淡黄色液体为中间体3 (80.9g,98%),b.p. 255~257℃。
实施例2、将化合物2 (97.6g,0.5mol)、D61-Pd (1.2g) 和甲醇 (200mL) 置反应瓶中,于常温常压下通氢气经氢化反应过夜。反应毕,过滤,用少量甲醇洗涤,合并滤液和洗液,回收甲醇,析出固体,真空干燥,得淡黄色液体为中间体3 (80.1g,97%),b.p. 255~257℃。
2(2-苯甲酰氨基苯基)乙酸酯(4)的制备
实施例1、将化合物3 (66g,0.4mol)、三乙胺 (40.5g,0.4mol) 和甲苯 (200 mL)置于反应瓶中,于0℃搅拌下缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯 (56.2g,0.4mol),1h内滴加完毕。搅拌反应1h后过滤,滤饼水洗,滤液水洗后浓缩,合并固体,得白色固体为中间体4 (105.6g,98%),m.p.103~105℃。
实施例2、将化合物3 (66g,0.4mol)、碳酸氢钠 (33.6g,0.4 mol) 和甲苯(200mL) 置于反应瓶中,于0℃搅拌下缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯 (56.2g,0.4mol),1h内滴加完毕。搅拌反应1h后过滤,滤饼水洗,滤液水洗后浓缩,合并固体,得白色固体为中间体4(102.7g,95.3%),m.p. 102~104℃。
E)-甲基2 -(2 -((2,6-二氯苯氧基)(苯基)亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯(5)的制备
实施例1、将化合物4 (94.3g,0.35mol)、二氯亚砜 (200 mL)置于反应瓶中,回流反应3h,减压回收二氯亚砜,得淡黄色中间体备用。将2,6-二氯苯酚(57.1g,0.35mol),碳酸钠(37.1g,0.35mol)和甲苯 (200mL)置于反应瓶中,冰浴冷却下缓慢滴加中间体,滴加完毕后升温回流反应3h,过滤除去不溶物,滤液水洗,干燥浓缩,得橙色固体为中间体5 (139.2g,96%),m.p. 135~137℃。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 7.75 (d,J = 7.6 Hz,2H),7.47-7.35(m,5H),7.29 (s,1H),7.20-7.13 (m,2H),7.03-7.70 (m,2H),3.63 (s,2H),3.62 (s,3H)。
实施例2、将化合物4 (94.3g,0.35mol)、二氯亚砜200mL置于反应瓶中,回流反应3h,减压回收二氯亚砜,得淡黄色中间体备用。将2,6-二氯苯酚 (57.1g,0.35mol),碳酸钾(48.4g,0.35mol)和甲苯(200mL)置于反应瓶中,冰浴冷却下缓慢滴加中间体,滴加完毕后升温回流反应3h,过滤除去不溶物,滤液水洗,干燥浓缩,得橙色固体为中间体5(140.6.2g,97%),m.p. 134~136℃,图谱解析如上。
甲基2-(2 -(N-(2,6-二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯(6)的制备
实施例1、将5 (124.3g,0.3mol)、二苯醚 (200mL)置于反应瓶中,升温回流反应3h,冷却,减压回收二苯醚,得褐色固体为中间体6 (124g,99%),m.p. 156~158℃。1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3)δ: 7.64 (d,J = 7.6 Hz,2H),7.57-7.50 (m,2H),7.39-7.32 (m,3H),7.29-7.21 (m,4H),7.16-7.12 (m,1H),3.85 (s,2H),3.75 (s,3H)。
实施例2、将5 (124.3g,0.3mol)置于反应瓶中,升温至固体融化,搅拌,继续升温至300℃反应0.5h,冷却,得褐色固体为中间体6(124g,99%),m.p. 156~157℃,图谱解析如上。
双氯芬酸钠(1)的制备
实施例1、将氢氧化钠 (25g,0.625mol)和水 (58mL)置于反应瓶中,于搅拌下加入6(103.6g,150mL,0.25mol) 和甲醇 (150mL),加热搅拌回流6h。反应毕,冷却至室温,减压回收甲醇,加入水150mL,活性炭脱色,冷却结晶得类白色固体为目标化合物 1 (68.4g,86%),m.p. 287~289℃。
实施例2、将氢氧化钠 (25g,0.625mol)和水 (58mL)置于反应瓶中,于搅拌下加入6 (103.6g,150mL,0.25mol) 和甲苯 (150 mL),加热搅拌回流8h。反应毕,冷却至室温,减压回收甲苯,加入水 (150 mL),活性炭脱色,冷却结晶得类白色固体为目标化合物 1(59.6g,75%),m.p. 288~290℃。
上述实例仅用于说明本发明的实施方式,但本发明不仅仅局限于上述实例。

Claims (10)

1.一种双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
(1)在一定浓度的硝化反应剂二氯甲烷溶液中,苯乙酸酯经邻位硝化,制得化合物邻硝基苯乙酸酯;
(2)在钯催化剂的催化下,化合物邻硝基苯乙酸酯(进行氢化反应,制得化合物邻氨基苯乙酸酯;
(3)化合物邻氨基苯乙酸酯的氨基进行酰胺化,制得化合物2-(2-苯甲酰氨基苯基)乙酸酯;
(4)化合物2-(2-苯甲酰氨基苯基)乙酸酯与二氯亚砜反应,制得氯代亚胺中间体,再在无机碱作用下与2,6-二氯苯酚缩合,制得化合物(E)-甲基-2-(2-((2,6-二氯苯氧基)(苯基)亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯;
(5)化合物(E)-甲基-2-(2-((2,6-二氯苯氧基)(苯基)亚甲基氨基)苯基)酯经Chapman重排反应,制得化合物甲基2-(2-(N-(2,6-二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯;
(6)化合物甲基2-(2-(N-(2,6-二氯苯基)苯甲酰氨基)苯基)酯经无机碱水解,即得目标产物双氯芬酸钠。
2.如权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,邻位硝化所用的硝化反应剂为硝酸,或发烟硝酸,或硝酸/硫酸混合,或硝酸/乙酸混合,有机溶剂是二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、二氧六环中的一种,或者其中的几种的混合溶剂,反应温度为0~25℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,邻位硝化所用的硝化反应剂为发烟硝酸,或硝酸/硫酸混合物,有机溶剂为无溶剂或二氯甲烷,反应温度为-10~25℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所用的钯催化剂为Pd/C、D61-Pd、D72-Pd、D152-Pd、D261-Pd或D296-Pd;氢化压力为常压~1.0 Mpa,有机溶剂为低分子量的醇或低分子量的酯类,溶剂是单一溶剂,或者是混合溶剂,反应温度为0~50℃。
5.如权利要求4所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,所用钯催化剂为Pd/C,氢化压力是常压,反应溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或乙酸乙酯,反应温度为5~25℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所用的酰胺化试剂为苯甲酰氯,缚酸剂为三乙胺,或碳酸钾,或碳酸钠,反应温度为0~30℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所用无机碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠或氢化钠,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯或二甲苯,反应温度为60~130℃。
8.如权利要求7所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,无机碱为碳酸钠或碳酸钾,有机溶剂为甲苯。
9.如权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,有机溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯或二苯醚,或无溶剂反应,反应温度为110~300℃。
10.如权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中,所用的无机碱为氢氧化钠,有机溶剂为甲苯或甲醇,反应温度为50~150℃。
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CN110272351A (zh) * 2019-07-16 2019-09-24 漳州卫生职业学院 一种双氯芬酸的合成方法
CN113429308A (zh) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-24 安徽普利药业有限公司 双氯芬酸钠的合成工艺
CN113429308B (zh) * 2021-06-16 2023-07-18 安徽普利药业有限公司 双氯芬酸钠的合成工艺
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CN114539086B (zh) * 2022-02-25 2023-10-03 复旦大学 一种双氯芬酸钠的合成方法
US11834388B2 (en) 2022-02-25 2023-12-05 Fudan University Continuous-flow preparation method of diclofenac sodium
US11905229B2 (en) 2022-02-25 2024-02-20 Fudan University Method for synthesizing diclofenac sodium

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