WO2015088283A1 - 이차전지용 음극재 및 이를 이용한 이차전지 - Google Patents
이차전지용 음극재 및 이를 이용한 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015088283A1 WO2015088283A1 PCT/KR2014/012286 KR2014012286W WO2015088283A1 WO 2015088283 A1 WO2015088283 A1 WO 2015088283A1 KR 2014012286 W KR2014012286 W KR 2014012286W WO 2015088283 A1 WO2015088283 A1 WO 2015088283A1
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- silicon
- negative electrode
- secondary battery
- metal
- bismuth
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a secondary battery and a secondary battery using the same.
- lithium secondary batteries include lithium secondary batteries.
- carbon materials such as graphite and hard carbon are used as negative electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries.
- the theoretical capacity defined by the first stage structure C 6 Li formed by the intercalation reaction is 372 mAh / g, and the capacity of the battery has been increased by increasing the utilization rate. The limit is being reached.
- hard carbon it is possible to obtain a capacity higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite, but it is difficult to realize a high capacity secondary battery due to low initial efficiency and low electrode density compared with graphite.
- silicon having a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh / g by alloying with lithium for the negative electrode active material.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a silicon amorphous thin film or an amorphous thin film mainly containing silicon on a current collector by sputtering or the like. A cathode deposited directly is proposed. According to the structure of patent document 2, it is considered that charge / discharge capacity is large, cycling characteristics are excellent, the porosity of the active material layer by charge / discharge can be suppressed, and the thickness increase of the active material layer after charge / discharge can be reduced.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-2977664 employs a silicon phase containing silicon having Li occluding ability and an alloy particle made of a metal phase having no Li occluding ability, thereby preventing the occlusion and release of Li. It is disclosed that the accompanying volume change of the silicon phase is suppressed, the micronization of the negative electrode material is suppressed, and the cycle life is improved.
- Patent Document 3 employs a gas atomizing method in producing the alloy particles, so that a spherical fine powder can be produced without the need for a grinding step, and the obtained spherical fine powder negative electrode material has excellent filling properties. This is advantageous in that a cathode having a high packing density can be produced.
- patent document 4 (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent 2007-165300), it has a phase (A phase) containing at least Si, and the phase (B phase) containing said at least 1 sort (s) of transition metal element and intermetallic compound of Si.
- the mechanical synthesis method is a synthesis method in which an amorphous or low crystal state is easily obtained.
- homogeneous alloy particles can be obtained.
- Citations 2 to 4 are excellent as they make full use of the high capacity of silicon.
- silicon is a hard substance and has a soft property, it is necessary to have a structure that can cope with expansion and contraction in order to completely suppress micronization.
- a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode during initial charge and discharge.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- the SEI film is formed on the surface of the silicon or silicon-containing active material by the first charge, such as graphite, at least part of it is destroyed by the expansion of the silicon (phase), and when charging after the second cycle It is expected that side reactions occur every time, and the side reaction products are deposited or silicon is oxidized, causing deterioration of the charge / discharge cycle.
- the first charge such as graphite
- the present inventors can provide bismuth to the alloy particle containing a silicon phase and the metal phase which consists of a specific metal, and can provide oxidation resistance and can facilitate microcrystallization at the time of manufacture of an alloy particle, As a result, It has been found that the embrittlement of alloy particles containing silicon can be suppressed, the expansion rate of silicon can be reduced and limited, the micronization of silicon in charge and discharge can be suppressed, a high capacity secondary battery can be realized, and good charge and discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained. .
- the present invention has been made based on such a fact.
- the secondary battery negative electrode material which can occlude / release lithium proposed by the present invention is composed of alloy particles containing silicon phase, metal phase, and bismuth, and the crystallite size of the silicon phase is 10 nm or less, and the metal phase has a silicon phase.
- Silver is alloyed and contains at least one type of metal not alloyed with lithium, and at least the primary particles of the silicon, the metal and the bismuth are made.
- a method for producing a negative electrode material for a secondary battery proposed in another aspect of the present invention comprises silicon, at least one type of metal alloyed with the silicon but not with lithium, bismuth, and at least the silicon and And master alloying the at least one metal, and mechanically alloying the master alloy to form alloy particles containing silicon, metal, and bismuth having a crystallite size of 10 nm or less.
- oxidation resistance can be imparted to the alloy particles containing silicon, and oxidation of the negative electrode active material, and particularly, the oxidation by the electrolyte is extremely high. It can be suppressed in the dimension.
- charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be improved at a higher level by keeping the electrode structure and conductivity in the battery as early as possible.
- microcrystallization suppresses expansion due to charging within the yield stress range of silicon, and can suppress micronization associated with charging and discharging at a high level, and the utilization rate of silicon is not lowered by repetition of charging and discharging. Good cycle characteristics can be maintained.
- a mother alloy manufacturing process by a liquid quenching method such as a roll quenching method or a gas atomizing method and a mechanical alloying treatment step are employed, and bismuth is added in any one step.
- the alloy particle containing silicon can be microcrystallized to the nm scale or less.
- a composite material can be produced in which the expansion rate of silicon is reduced, the expansion of the electrode is suppressed, the conductivity is improved, and the uniform dispersion of the silicon particles in the electrode is realized to obtain good charge and discharge cycle characteristics. .
- a crystallite means the largest aggregate of particle
- K is an integer, ⁇ is the wavelength of the X-ray, ⁇ is half width, ⁇ is the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ / ⁇ )
- the cumulative volumetric particle size distribution is obtained by assuming a set of powders.
- the cumulative curve is 10%, 50%, 90 when the cumulative curve is obtained with 100% of the total volume of the powder group.
- the particle diameter at the point of% is expressed as 10% diameter, 50% diameter (cumulative median diameter: Median diameter), and 90% diameter ( ⁇ ⁇ ), respectively.
- Mechanical alloying is a method of forming an alloy powder, and is a method of producing uniform alloy particles in a solid state by causing a solid phase reaction by mixing two or more metal components (powders) and repeating grinding.
- metal components prowders
- the negative electrode material for a secondary battery according to the present invention is composed of alloy particles containing silicon, metal, bismuth.
- the silicon phase is a single phase made of silicon and does not contain other metal elements and components.
- the silicon phase has a crystallite size of 10 nm or less, preferably 5 nm or less.
- the content of silicon is 40 wt% or more and 85 wt% or less with respect to the alloy particles, preferably the lower limit is 50 wt% or more, more preferably 55 wt% or more, and the upper limit is 80 wt% or less, more preferably 75 It is weight% or less.
- the proportion of silicon in the single-phase portion (silicon phase) composed of silicon is 30% by weight or more and 70% by weight or less, and preferably the upper limit is 50. It is below weight%.
- the metal phase comprises at least one metal alloyed with silicon but not with lithium.
- the one or more kinds of metals include one or two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Ti, and Co, Cr, or Ti Is more preferable.
- one or more kinds of metals do not exist alone in the negative electrode material.
- the crystallite size of the metal phase other than silicon in the alloy particles is 30 nm or less, preferably 10 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or less.
- alloy particles containing silicon by adding bismuth, oxidation resistance is imparted to the alloy particles containing silicon, and the embrittlement of the alloy particles can be remarkably improved, and the micronization of silicon generated during charging and discharging can be suppressed at a high level.
- alloy particles containing bismuth when used as a negative electrode active material of a secondary battery, they are suppressed from being oxidized by reaction with an electrolyte solution, inhibiting formation of a non-conductor non-conductor film on the surface of the active material, and an alloy with lithium.
- the de-alloying reaction can be maintained, and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be maintained or improved.
- it functions as a preferable component in the manufacturing process of the alloy particle mentioned later.
- the content of bismuth contained in the alloy particles is more than 0% to 5% by weight, preferably more than 0% to 3% by weight based on the alloy particles.
- the alloy particles are composed of silicon phase, metal phase and bismuth.
- the alloy particles are preferably more amorphous or microcrystalline by mechanical alloying.
- the primary particles of 0.01 ⁇ m are composed of secondary particles of alloy particles formed by granulation.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles made of silicon, metal and bismuth is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less, and preferably the lower limit is 0.05 ⁇ m or more and the upper limit is 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer or more and 20 micrometers or less, Preferably a lower limit is 0.5 micrometer or more, and an upper limit is 10 micrometers or less, More preferably, the lower limit is 1 ⁇ m or more and the upper limit is 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the aspect ratio of the alloy particles in the secondary particles is 5 or less, preferably 3 or less.
- the filling rate of the alloy particles in the electrode is increased, and when the alloy powder is mixed with a carbon material such as graphite and used as an anode material, for example, it is well filled in the voids between the graphite. It is easy to secure a conductive path.
- the alloy particles in the present invention, a portion in which silicon forms a metal and an intermetallic compound, and a portion existing in silicon alone exists, and the peak of the (111) plane of silicon obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement is confirmed. It is preferable not to.
- the crystallite size of all phases included in the alloy particles is 30 nm or less, preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or less by X-ray diffraction measurement. That's it.
- the crystallite size can be calculated
- the secondary battery using the negative electrode material according to the present invention it is crystallized to such an extent that the peak of the (111) plane of silicon obtained by the X-ray diffraction measurement is not confirmed, so that it is caused by charging within the range of the yield stress of silicon. Expansion is suppressed.
- the metal phases other than silicon are mixed in a plurality of phases by mechanical alloying or the like, the boundary of each crystal phase becomes unclear, and the structure becomes a hard and fragile structure, these phases suppress the expansion of the silicon phase, resulting in charge and discharge. It is possible to prevent the micronization that occurs, and to maintain good cycle characteristics without decreasing the utilization rate of silicon by repetition of charge and discharge.
- the 50% diameter of the volume cumulative particle size distribution of the negative electrode material is 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the 90% diameter of the volume cumulative particle size distribution of the negative electrode material is 30 ⁇ m or less, preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 7 ⁇ m or less.
- Measurements of 50% and 90% of the cumulative volumetric particle size distribution can be made based on the cumulative frequency measured after dispersion for 3 minutes by built-in ultrasound using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Nikkiso. Can be.
- silicon, one or more types of metals, and bismuth (as needed) are master alloyed, and the mechanical alloying process is employ
- Raw materials such as a silicon, 1 or more types of metal, and bismuth, are as having described in the section "Negative electrode material for secondary batteries”.
- the process of manufacturing a master alloy (powder) by carrying out a mother alloy of silicon and a metal is employ
- the manufacture of the alloy powder of a fine crystal structure can use the liquid quenching method, such as the roll quenching method, the gas atomizing method, the in-rotating liquid spinning process, and the melt spinning method.
- the faster the quench rate the smaller the crystallite size of the microcrystalline alloy powder can be obtained.
- the quenching method of the roll quenching method and the melt spinning method are faster than gas atomizing, the quenching speed is higher than the gas atomizing, but depending on the metal type of the raw material, the roll quenching method is limited.
- the material selection range is relatively large, and since spherical powder can be obtained, there is no need to grind, and there is an advantage that the size of the obtained particles can be controlled according to the type of gas or the spraying conditions. desirable.
- the master alloy (powder) is subjected to mechanical alloying treatment.
- Mechanical alloying treatment can sufficiently amorphize or microcrystallize the alloy particles containing silicon.
- Bismuth may be added at the time of master alloy (powder) and / or at the time of mechanical alloying treatment, and preferably at the time of mechanical alloying treatment.
- the melting point of bismuth is 271 ° C., which is very low compared to that of silicon 1414 ° C., and depending on the production method of the master alloy, a problem may occur due to evaporation of bismuth. Is preferably added bismuth powder at the time of mechanical alloying, not at the time of forming the master alloy.
- bismuth is also very soft when producing alloy particles, it is possible to promote amorphous or microcrystalline crystallization of the alloy particles in the mechanical alloying treatment.
- the surface of the alloy particles may be slightly oxidized when taken out in the air, and this oxidation can be suppressed by adding bismuth.
- Examples of apparatuses for mechanical alloying include planetary ball mills, vibratory mills, agitated ball mills, and rotary ball mills.
- the crystallite size of silicon is 10 nm or less. If necessary, the conditions such as the amount of the master alloy powder, the size and amount of the balls, the rotational speed and the frequency, etc. are appropriately defined and optimized.
- the negative electrode for (lithium) secondary batteries provided with the negative electrode material for secondary batteries which concerns on this invention can be proposed.
- a secondary battery negative electrode having a carbon nanotube as a conductive material it is possible to propose a secondary battery negative electrode having a carbon nanotube as a conductive material.
- the conductive material includes an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, at most 5% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, more preferably at least 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the secondary battery negative electrode. .
- a secondary battery preferably a lithium secondary battery, includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a separator, and the secondary battery is a negative electrode for a secondary battery according to the present invention.
- a lithium secondary battery is composed of a separator capable of conducting lithium ions by blocking electron conduction between a cathode comprising a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode current collector comprising a negative electrode current collector, In the gap between the electrode and the separator material, an organic electrolyte containing a lithium salt is injected to conduct lithium ions.
- the positive electrode is prepared by, for example, applying a mixture of the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder onto a positive electrode current collector and then drying it. If necessary, a filler may be further added to the mixture.
- the positive electrode current collector is manufactured to a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- Such a positive electrode current collector may be one having high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- what surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. on the surface of stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may form fine irregularities on the surface to increase adhesion of the positive electrode active material, and may be in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the conducting agent is typically added at 1-50% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture comprising the positive electrode active material.
- a conductive agent does not cause chemical change in the battery, and may be conductive.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black (brand name), carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- Metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum and nickel powders
- Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials, such as a polyphenylene derivative can be used.
- the binder is a component that promotes bonding of the active material and the conductive agent and the like to the current collector of the active material.
- the binder is added at 1-50 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture comprising the positive electrode active material.
- polyvinylidene fluoride polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafuluroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene , Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene-butylene rubber, pullo lead rubber, various copolymers, and the like.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers
- EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers
- sulfonated EPDM styrene-butylene rubber
- pullo lead rubber various copolymers, and the like.
- the filler is a component that suppresses the expansion of the positive electrode and is optionally used, and may be a fibrous material without causing chemical change in the battery.
- olefin polymers such as polyethylene and a polypropylene
- fibrous materials such as glass fibers and carbon fibers.
- the negative electrode uses the negative electrode material for the secondary battery according to the present invention as a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode is prepared by, for example, applying a mixture of the above-described negative electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder onto a negative electrode current collector and then drying it. If necessary, a filler may be further added to the mixture.
- the negative electrode current collector is manufactured to a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- Such a negative electrode current collector may have electrical conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- copper, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, a surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like on the surface of copper or stainless steel, an aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may form fine irregularities on the surface thereof to increase adhesion of the negative electrode active material, and may be in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- Conductive agents, binders, fillers and the like can be used the same as described above in the term of the (anode), but is not limited thereto.
- Separator An insulating thin film interposed between the anode and the cathode and having high ion permeability and mechanical strength is used.
- the pore diameter of a separator is 0.01-10 micrometers, and thickness is 5-300 micrometers.
- olefin type polymers such as a chemical resistance and hydrophobic polypropylene; Sheets made of glass fiber or polyethylene, or nonwoven fabrics can be used.
- the solid electrolyte such as a polymer
- the solid electrolyte may serve as a separator.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte is an electrolyte compound and may include a cyclic carbonate and / or a linear carbonate.
- the cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), gamma butyrolactone (GBL), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- the linear carbonate one or more selected from the group consisting of diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and methyl propyl carbonate (MPC) is preferred, but is not limited thereto.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt together with a carbonate compound, and specific examples are selected from the group consisting of LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6, and LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 . Preferred but not limited thereto.
- a secondary battery according to the present invention is prepared by inserting a porous separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode in a conventional manner, and injecting a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention can be used regardless of the appearance, such as cylindrical, square, pouch type battery.
- Sieve filtered 1 wt% of stearic acid was added to the alloy powder and placed in a vibrating mill vessel with a steel ball having a diameter of 15 mm corresponding to 80% of the vibrating mill vessel, and replaced with nitrogen gas, followed by 24 at 1200 cpm frequency.
- Mechanical alloying treatment was performed for a time. As a result of performing the X-ray diffraction measurement of the obtained alloy powder, it was confirmed that the peak of the (111) plane of silicon was not observed but was sufficiently crystallized.
- the obtained alloy powder was filtered with an electromagnetic sieve so that the particle diameter was less than 38 micrometers, and it mixed so that the weight ratio of the alloy material and the graphite of an average particle diameter of 15 micrometers might be 25:75, and it was set as the negative electrode active material.
- 94 wt% of a negative electrode active material, 2 wt% of carbon nanotubes as a conductive material, and 4 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder were mixed and slurried with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and then 20 ⁇ m thick.
- Metal lithium with a thickness of 0.3 mm was used as the anode.
- Ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed at a ratio of 3: 7, and an electrolyte solution in which 1 mol of LiPF 6 was dissolved was used.
- the coin cell was manufactured like Example 1 except having mix
- blended raw material powder so that it might become the ratio of Si: Cr: Ti: 73: 14: 13 (weight%), and not adding Bi.
- Tin (Sn) with high conductivity, such as Bi was used in place of Bi.
- Coin cell was prepared.
- Table 1 shows the battery characteristics and analysis results of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the charge / discharge test was repeated 50 cycles by 0.5 C current rate, the 51st cycle state of charge was terminated, the coin cell was disassembled, and the thickness of the electrode was measured.
- the volume of the active material mixture layer per capacity in a 51-cycle charged state was calculated by dividing this thickness by (discharge capacity at 50th cycle x weight of active material including conductive material per unit area measured before charging). The results are as described in Table 1 below.
- the expansion accompanying charge and discharge can be suppressed and the oxidation resistance is increased. Lifespan characteristics are improved.
Abstract
Description
예 | 초기효율(%) | 50 사이클 후의 용량 유지율(%) | 51 사이클 충전시의 용량 당 전극 체적(실시예 1에 대한 상대치)(%) |
실시예 1 | 89.5 | 89.5 | 100 |
실시예 2 | 88.8 | 83.4 | 108 |
비교예 1 | 89.0 | 82.7 | 111 |
비교예 2 | 87.6 | 82.0 | 113 |
Claims (11)
- 리튬을 흡장·방출 가능한 이차전지용 음극재로서,규소상, 금속상, 비스무트를 포함하는 합금 입자로 구성되고,상기 규소상의 결정자의 크기가 10 ㎚ 이하이며,상기 금속상이 규소와는 합금화하고 리튬과는 합금화하지 않는 1종류 이상의 금속을 포함하고,상기 규소, 상기 금속, 상기 비스무트에 의한 1차 입자가 만들어진 것인 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 1차 입자의 평균 입경이 0.01 ㎛ 이상 1 ㎛ 이하이고,상기 1차 입자를 입자화한 입자화체인 2차 입자의 평균 입경이 0.1 ㎛ 이상 20 ㎛ 이하이며,상기 2차 입자에서의 가로세로비가 5 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,상기 합금 입자에서 상기 규소가, 상기 1종 이상의 금속과 금속간 화합물을 형성하고 있는 부분과, 규소 단체로 존재하고 있는 부분이 존재하고,X선 회절 측정에 의해 얻어지는 규소의 (111)면의 피크가 확인되지 않고, 그 밖의 면의 모든 회절 스펙트럼에 의해 계산되는, 상기 합금 입자의 결정자의 크기가 30 ㎚ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 합금 입자에 포함되는 상기 비스무트의 함유량이, 5 중량% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 합금 입자에 포함되는 상기 규소의 함유량이, 40 중량% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 합금 입자가, 기계적 합금화에 의해 비결정질 또는 미결정화되는 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극재.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 이차전지용 음극재를 구비하는 이차전지용 음극.
- 이차전지로서,양극, 음극, 비수전해질, 세퍼레이터를 구비하고,상기 음극이 제7항에 기재된 이차전지용 음극인 이차전지.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 이차전지가 리튬 이차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 이차전지용 음극재를 제조하는 방법으로서,규소와, 상기 규소와는 합금화하고 리튬과는 합금화하지 않는 1종류 이상의 금속과, 비스무트를 준비하고,적어도 상기 규소와, 상기 1종류 이상의 금속을 모합금화하고,상기 모합금을 기계적 합금화 처리해, 결정자의 크기가 10 ㎚ 이하인 규소상, 금속상, 및 비스무트를 포함하는 합금 입자를 형성하는 것을 포함하는 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 모합금화 공정 및/또는 상기 기계적 합금화 처리 공정에서 상기 비스무트를 첨가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극재의 제조 방법.
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EP14869178.5A EP3067969B1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2014-12-12 | Negative electrode material for secondary battery, and secondary battery using same |
KR1020167003448A KR101893271B1 (ko) | 2013-12-13 | 2014-12-12 | 이차전지용 음극재 및 이를 이용한 이차전지 |
US15/103,479 US10199640B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2014-12-12 | Negative electrode material for secondary battery and secondary battery using the same |
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JP2014250761A JP6329888B2 (ja) | 2013-12-13 | 2014-12-11 | 二次電池用負極材及びこれを用いた二次電池 |
JP2014-250761 | 2014-12-11 |
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EP (1) | EP3067969B1 (ko) |
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JP6686652B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-13 | 2020-04-22 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 炭素被覆Si含有負極活物質の製造方法 |
CN110945709B (zh) * | 2017-05-30 | 2023-08-15 | 泰坦先进能源解决方案公司 | 电池寿命估计和容量恢复 |
JP7132781B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-24 | 2022-09-07 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用負極材料 |
JP2022100008A (ja) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 正極層および全固体電池 |
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KR101893271B1 (ko) | 2018-08-30 |
EP3067969A1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
EP3067969B1 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
JP6329888B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
KR20160040576A (ko) | 2016-04-14 |
US10199640B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
JP2015133320A (ja) | 2015-07-23 |
EP3067969A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
US20160308196A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
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