WO2015081616A1 - 一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫 - Google Patents
一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015081616A1 WO2015081616A1 PCT/CN2014/070247 CN2014070247W WO2015081616A1 WO 2015081616 A1 WO2015081616 A1 WO 2015081616A1 CN 2014070247 W CN2014070247 W CN 2014070247W WO 2015081616 A1 WO2015081616 A1 WO 2015081616A1
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- teeth
- tooth
- shaped
- metal skeleton
- pressure
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
- F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
- F16J15/122—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement generally parallel to the surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sealing gasket, in particular to a metal skeleton toothed composite pad having a shaped tooth.
- Traditional toothed gasket (publication number DE2437567, the name "a gasket”;) is a metal gasket or metal non-metal composite gasket with a triangular tip arrangement on the metal skeleton, triangular tines and metal skeleton As a whole, it is generally processed into a number of concentric 90-degree angled ring gears on both sides of the metal flat washer by a precision lathe. The contact with the flange surface is a sharp angle contact, and the toothed gasket can be made into a belt. Inner and outer positioning rings and composite gaskets with flexible graphite or Teflon sheets on both sides.
- the traditional toothed gasket is suitable for high pressure and high temperature working conditions, but it also has some disadvantages: (1) The angle of 90 degrees makes the pressure of the open type, and the sealing compensation force generated by the fluid pressure cannot be basically used; (2) The sharp corners of the teeth are easy to damage the flange surface; (3) The triangular metal teeth have a small resilience, which has high requirements on the flange accuracy and the stability of the equipment working conditions, and is not suitable for the working conditions in which the temperature and pressure fluctuate drastically.
- the pressure resistance is poor, and it is easy to crush and break.
- the tooth root forms a stress concentration at a sharp corner and has poor fatigue resistance;
- Metal tooth top Flat angle if rotated under pressure, will form a sharp angle contact with the flange to damage the flange sealing surface;
- No secondary pressure seal protection mechanism Therefore, it is difficult to achieve a safe and reliable seal by relying on such a helical tooth.
- a metal ring pad which is generally octagonal, elliptical in shape, and other derived polygons.
- This all-metal ring pad although high in strength, has a low compression resilience.
- the flange is required to have a specially matched groove and the flange is made of a harder metal material to meet the requirements. Even so, after the long-term use of the flange replaces the metal ring pad, slight damage to the flange groove can cause seal failure, and it is often necessary to re-flange the flange seal face.
- the invention provides a metal skeleton with shaped teeth which is greatly improved in elasticity, toughness and pressure resistance. Toothed composite pad.
- the gasket can solve the problems of the above conventional gasket, and has the essential difference, has high resilience and pressure bearing capacity, and does not crush and does not hurt the flange.
- a metal skeleton tooth-shaped composite pad having a special-shaped tooth comprising a metal skeleton with a toothed protrusion and a non-metal sealing material, wherein the upper and lower end faces of the metal skeleton are concentrically distributed in a plurality of turns, crescent-shaped teeth curved toward the pressure source, The root width of the crescent-shaped tooth is greater than the upper width thereof; the non-metallic sealing material is combined on the metal skeleton; if the contact between the crescent-shaped tooth and the flange contact surface is caused by the non-metallic sealing material being extruded, The contact surface of the two is a semi-circular surface.
- a metal skeleton tooth-shaped composite pad having a special-shaped tooth comprising a metal skeleton with a toothed protrusion and a non-metal sealing material, the curved upper and lower end faces of the metal frame are concentrically distributed in a plurality of turns, and the curved bow teeth are bent in the direction of the pressure source, and the curved
- the cross-sectional width of the arcuate teeth is uniform; the non-metallic sealing material is combined on the metal skeleton, and if the non-metallic sealing material is contacted between the curved arched teeth and the flange contact surface, the contact faces of the two are Semi-circular surface.
- the upper and lower end faces of the metal skeleton are provided with a pressure-proof boss in the radial direction concentrically with the crescent-shaped or curved-shaped teeth; the height of the pressure-holding boss is 30%-80% of the height of the adjacent teeth, and is higher than the metal
- the skeleton body if the positioning ring is provided outside the gasket, the height of the pressure-holding boss is also higher than the height of the positioning ring; the top of the pressure-proof boss is non-sharp, and the pressure-holding boss is not inclined.
- the crescent or curved teeth generally bend toward the direction of the pressure source, but the bending direction in the specific application is not limited by the design.
- the contact surface of the crescent or curved tooth toward the flange is a semi-circular surface.
- This semi-circular surface serves three functions: Provides additional curvature elasticity other than the elasticity of the metal teeth, provides additional compression resistance, and rotates under pressure. In the case of this, it remains in contact with the flange face.
- the connection between the inner root of the crescent or the curved tooth in the direction of the pressure source and the base of the metal skeleton is also a semi-circular surface, which also provides additional flexibility and flexibility beyond the skeleton.
- the tip end portion of the crescent or curved tooth may be a sharp angle or a rounded corner.
- the contact surface between the pressure-proof boss and the flange is non-sharp, and the center line is perpendicular to the ring surface. That is, the pressure-holding boss can be similar to a square or a ladder type, but should not be inclined to either side. The reason is that this is the only way to maximize the pressure.
- the pressure relief boss must be distinguished from the ordinary sealing tooth.
- the height of the pressure relief boss must be significantly smaller than the other sealing teeth, which should be 30% ⁇ 80% of the height of the other sealing teeth;
- the design of the table is one, or two, or three, but no more than three sealing teeth, a pressure relief boss should be inserted.
- the pressure relief boss In a special design, if the pressure relief boss is designed on the inner or outer radial positioning ring because of the small number of sealing teeth, the pressure relief boss should be convex on the inner and outer rings.
- the height of the protrusion is also between 30% and 80% of the height of the tooth.
- the upper and lower end faces of the metal skeleton may each cover a non-metallic sealing material such as graphite or polytetrafluoroethylene, and a non-metal and metal sealing effect is formed between the metal and the metal.
- the non-metallic sealing material can be filled not only between the metal teeth but also simultaneously Covering the sealing teeth as a non-metallic sealing layer; it is also possible to fill only between the metal teeth or only over the sealing teeth.
- the new crescent or curved arch teeth of the present invention provide two semicircular designs of the top of the tooth and the inner side of the root:
- the semi-circular surface provides an additional two rebound points and additional flexibility in addition to the elasticity of the tooth itself.
- the curved tooth arm disperses more stress than the linear tooth arm, avoiding the upper and the root two folds.
- the stress concentration at the point causes yielding and has good fatigue resistance.
- the contact surface of the crescent or curved arch and the flange is a semi-circular surface, which is torsionally deformed under pressure, and the contact surface is rolled along a semicircle, even if the middle non-metallic sealing medium is extruded, it is not damaged. Flange, avoiding the formation of sharp angle damage flange after rotating at a flat angle.
- the width of the new crescent section is narrower and narrower. Compared with the upper and lower width and narrow design, it is beneficial to improve the elastic deformation ability of the tooth tip, enhance the anti-yield ability of the root, improve the rebound resilience of the gasket, and improve its fatigue resistance. Extends the life of the gasket.
- the tooth tip can be in contact with the adjacent tooth back or the pressure pressing boss to form an arch bridge shape, obtain additional supporting force, and form a continuous sealing surface, further providing a pad.
- the second compression of the sheet back to the elastic energy; at the same time, the non-metallic sealing layer covered on the tooth is prevented from being crushed and collapsed into the groove gap, thereby destroying the non-metallic sealing surface and affecting the sealing effect.
- the multi-turn crescent or the curved arch forms a plurality of semi-closed anti-pressure chambers facing the pressure source opening, so that the pressure from the pressure source can be stepped down step by step; and the curved intra-cavity utilizes fluid pressure There is a tendency to open the curved tooth arm, and provide the third compression back elastic energy of the gasket; the tooth top and the flange sealing surface are more closely attached, thereby generating an effective sealing compensation force and improving the reliability of the sealing.
- Multi-turn pressure-bearing bosses are distributed in the teeth to ensure that the outer flange sealing surface is uneven or the pre-tightening pressure is uneven.
- Each ring of teeth can be evenly stressed, and the protective support can be obtained without damage.
- the gasket can be reused.
- the present invention achieves a metal skeleton toothed composite pad having greatly improved pressure strainability by the above-described different combinations of the inventions.
- 1 is a schematic view showing the skeleton structure of a conventional toothed gasket.
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite pad in which the pressure relief boss and the crescent tooth are cross-combined by 1+1+1+1+1+1.
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of the composite pad of the pressure relief boss and the crescent tooth using 1+1+1+1+1+1 cross combination.
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a composite pad in which the pressure relief boss and the bending tooth are cross-combined by 1+1+1+1+1+1.
- Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite mat in which the crescent teeth are reversely distributed and cross-compressed with the pressure relief bosses.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite mat in which the crescent tooth and the pressure-suppressing boss are cross-combined by 1+1+2+1+3.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite pad in which the pressing boss and the crescent tooth are cross-combined by 1+2+1+2.
- Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite pad in which the pressure relief boss and the crescent tooth are cross-combined in a 1+3 manner.
- the present invention provides two semicircular designs on the top of the tooth and the inner side of the root: the two semicircular faces provide the elasticity of the teeth themselves.
- the extra two rebound points and extra flexibility avoid the stress concentration of the two vertices at the top and root.
- the semicircular top design of the present invention does not damage the flange in the case of torsional deformation under pressure.
- the novel crescent-shaped tooth has a wide upper and a narrow cross-sectional design, so that the tooth has high elasticity and anti-fatigue and fatigue resistance, and the service life of the gasket is remarkably improved.
- the present invention designs a pressure relief boss that is significantly lower than the sealing teeth. After the crescent or bending teeth are pressed, the sealing teeth are prevented from being over-preloaded. This leads to crushing damage and loss of rebound sealing ability, thus ensuring the safety of the gasket seal.
- the upper and lower end faces of the metal shim skeleton are radially concentrically turned by a metal working technique and bent out a plurality of crescent teeth and
- the cross combination of the pressing bosses, the metal skeleton is integral with the teeth and parallel to the flange.
- the crescent tooth 1 of the gasket of the present invention is bent toward the direction of the pressure source, and the root width of the crescent tooth section is larger than the upper width.
- the contact surface of the crescent tooth 1 with the flange sealing surface is a semi-circular surface, and the joint surface between the root portion 3 on the inner side of the crescent tooth 1 and the skeleton base surface is also a semi-circular surface, and the tooth tips are half-rounded.
- a pressure-pressing boss 4 is arranged in the middle of each of the two crescent teeth 1 , that is, the pressure-pressing boss 4 and the crescent tooth 1 are cross-combined by 1+1+1+1+1+1.
- the pressure-bearing boss 4 has a flat contact surface with the flange, wherein the core line is perpendicular to the torus.
- the outer pressure bearing boss 4 protrudes from the outer positioning ring 5.
- the upper and lower end faces of the metal skeleton are covered with a flexible graphite material 6 to form a composite gasket.
- the multi-turn bending teeth and the pressure-pressing bosses are arranged in a cross arrangement, and the pressure-bearing bosses and the curved-toothed teeth having the same tooth width are cross-combined by 1+1+1+1+1+1.
- the crescent teeth are reversely distributed and cross-compressed with the pressure-bearing bosses.
- the tooth tips are designed with sharp corners, and the pressure-bearing bosses are wide. It is narrower to meet the needs of the inner and outer two-way seals of special pressure equipment.
- the upper and lower end faces of the metal skeleton are covered with a flexible graphite gasket to form a composite gasket.
- the crescent teeth and the pressure relief bosses can be cross-combined in various ways to meet the needs of gaskets of different sizes and different pressure levels.
- the tip end portion of the crescent tooth is rounded.
- Figure 6 shows a semi-circular surface between the crescent-shaped contact surface of the flange when the non-metallic sealing layer is extruded.
- Figures 7 and 8 show the condition in which the non-metallic sealing material fills the full tooth gap.
- the new crescent or curved arch of the present invention is bent toward the direction of the pressure source, and the fluid pressure can be fully utilized to form an effective seal compensating force.
- the contact surface of the crescent or curved arch and the flange is a semi-circular surface, which is deformed by compression and does not damage the flange.
- the curved teeth of the crescent or the curved teeth can disperse more stress, and the semi-circular surface of the roots on both the inner and outer sides is not sharp, avoiding stress concentration and yielding.
- the wide and narrow section of the crescent moon has a good anti-fatigue performance.
- the three semi-circular faces of the back of the tooth and the roots of the two sides form three rebound points, thereby obtaining high resilience performance.
- the tooth tip can contact the adjacent tooth or the pressure pressing boss to form an arch support and a continuous sealing surface, thereby improving the rebound resilience; and preventing the non-metallic sealing layer covered by the upper surface from being pressed into the groove gap after being pressed Medium, affecting the sealing effect.
- the pressure-relieving bosses in the crescent-shaped or curved-toothed teeth ensure that the teeth obtain sufficient sealing and compression resilience, and will not cause crushing damage due to excessive pre-tightening force, and lose the rebound sealing ability. Safety of gasket seals.
- the second sealing line is formed in contact with the flange sealing surface to provide an additional secondary pressure sealing protection mechanism.
- the non-metallic material on the upper and lower sides of the metal ring is in contact with the sealing member, which can increase the sealing effect and reduce the wear rate, while cleaning, replacing or re-sealing the metal gasket.
- the metal toothed gasket can be used continuously, which improves the use efficiency and reduces the industrial use cost.
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Abstract
一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫，包括带齿状突起的金属骨架和非金属密封材料（6），金属骨架上下端面的沿径向同心分布多圈向压力源方向弯曲的异形齿，并覆盖填充非金属密封材料。新月形或者弯弓形异形齿相比传统密封齿提供了两个额外的回弹点和额外柔性，避免了齿上部和根部两个折点的应力集中，具有较高的抗屈服抗疲劳性能，提高了垫片的使用寿命。同时在异形齿间设计了止压凸台（4），防止异形齿因过大的预紧力而导致压溃损坏，保证密封的安全性。上述金属骨架齿形复合垫实现了在弹性、韧性、抗压性上的极大提高，具有较高的回弹力及压力承载力，且不会压溃，不伤法兰。
Description
一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫
技术领域
本发明涉及一种密封垫片， 具体涉及一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫。
背景技术
传统齿形垫片 (公开号为 DE2437567, 名称 "一种密封垫片"；)是一种金属骨架上有三角形 尖齿排列的金属垫片或金属非金属复合垫片， 三角形尖齿与金属骨架为一个整体， 一般是用精 密的车床在金属平垫片的两面加工成数圈同心的 90度夹角齿环， 它与法兰面的接触为尖角接 触， 齿形垫片可以做成带内外定位环和两面加贴柔性石墨或聚四氟乙烯薄片的复合垫片。传统 齿形垫片适用于高压、 高温的工况， 但是也存在一些缺点： （1 ) 90 度的夹角使得所受压力呈 开放式， 基本无法利用流体压力产生的密封补偿力； （2)齿状的尖角易损伤法兰面； （3 )三角 形金属齿自身回弹力微小， 对法兰精度及设备工况的平稳性有较高的要求， 不适用于温度压力 波动剧烈的工况。
也有有关文献报道一种金属齿形垫片， 两面同心状设置了多个倾斜薄带形齿环， 齿是直线 形的突起， 与法兰面接触是平角。该齿形垫片的优点是其倾斜的薄带形直齿的压缩回弹性有所 提高； 其齿顶部的平面角在静止状态下可与法兰面平行。 其缺点很明显 （1 ) 仅仅靠金属与法 兰形成金属对金属的密封，而通常非金属密封材料与金属之间的密封效果远远优于金属与金属 之间的密封； （2)薄带形齿环弹性不够， 不能提供额外回弹， 并且柔性也不够， 抗压性差， 容 易压溃压断； （3 )齿根为尖角形成应力集中， 抗疲劳性能差； （4)金属齿顶平角， 如果受压旋 转时， 将与法兰形成尖角接触， 伤害法兰密封面； （5 )无二级抗压密封保护机制。 因此依靠这 样的斜齿很难实现安全可靠的密封。
另外对于高压密封， 还有一种金属环垫， 其截面通常为八角形、 椭圆形， 以及其它衍生出 的多边形等。 这种全金属环垫， 虽然强度高， 但压缩回弹性能很低， 要求法兰有专门匹配的沟 槽， 并要求法兰选用更加坚硬的金属材质， 才能满足使用要求。 即使如此， 长期使用的法兰更 换金属环垫后， 法兰沟槽轻微的损坏也会引起密封失效， 往往需要重新修补法兰密封面。
所有上述设计中均忽视了一个重要的问题， 即： 如何防止垫片压溃的问题。 虽然外圈的径 向定位环和齿理论上也有一定的防止压溃的作用， 但对于连续排列的齿来讲， 显然需要穿插在 连续齿之间的具有专门止压作用的机制；这种止压机制的高度应该与普通的齿和定位环的高度 有明确的区分， 如果过高则会影响弹性， 过低则没有防止压溃的作用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种在弹性、 韧性、 抗压性上， 均有极大提高的一种具有异形齿的金属骨架
齿形复合垫。这种垫片能够解决上述传统垫片存在的问题， 与其有本质的区别， 具有较高的回 弹力及压力承载力， 且不会压溃， 不伤法兰。
本发明采用了以下技术方案：
一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 包括带齿状突起的金属骨架和非金属密封材料， 金属骨架上下端面的沿径向同心分布多圈向压力源方向弯曲的新月形齿，新月形齿的根部宽度 大于其上部宽度； 非金属密封材料结合设置在金属骨架上； 新月形齿与法兰接触面之间如果在 非金属密封材料被挤出的情况下发生接触， 则两者的接触面为半圆面。
另一个技术方案为：
一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 包括带齿状突起的金属骨架和非金属密封材料， 金属骨架上下端面的沿径向同心分布多圈向压力源方向弯曲的弯弓形齿，弯弓形齿的截面宽度 一致； 非金属密封材料结合设置在金属骨架上， 弯弓形齿与法兰接触面之间如果在非金属密封 材料被挤出的情况下发生接触， 则两者的接触面为半圆面。
进一步地， 金属骨架上下端面沿径向、 与新月形齿或者弯弓形齿同心地设有止压凸台； 止 压凸台的高度为邻近齿高度的 30%-80%， 并高于金属骨架本体， 如果垫片外部设有定位环时， 止压凸台的高度也同时高于定位环的高度；所述止压凸台的顶部为非尖角，且止压凸台不倾斜。
其中， 新月齿或弯弓齿一般朝着压力源的方向弯曲， 但具体应用中的弯曲方向不受设计限 制。 新月齿或弯弓齿顶部朝向法兰的接触面为半圆面， 这个半圆面起三个作用： 提供金属齿自 身弹性以外的额外的弧度弹性， 提供额外的抗压柔性， 并且在受压旋转的情况下仍保持与法兰 面的非尖角接触。新月齿或弯弓齿朝压力源方向的内侧根部与金属骨架基面的连接面也为半圆 面， 这个半圆面也提供了骨架以外的额外弹性和柔性。新月齿或者弯弓齿的尖端部分可以是尖 锐角也可以是圆角。
止压凸台与法兰接触面为非尖角， 其中心线与环面垂直， 也就是说， 止压凸台可以是类似 方型或者梯型，但是不应该向任何一侧倾斜的，这个原因是只有这样才能最大限度地支承压力。 在设计中必须止压凸台与普通的密封齿区别开来， 止压凸台的高度必须明显小于其它的密封 齿， 应在其它密封齿的高度的 30%~80%； —般止压凸台的设计是每一个， 或者两个， 或者三 个， 但不多于三个密封齿， 就应该穿插一个止压凸台。 在一种特殊的设计中， 如果因为密封齿 很少， 因而将止压凸台设计在在内圆或外圆的径向定位环上时， 止压凸台应在内外环上形成凸 起状， 凸起高度也一样在齿高度的 30%~80%之间。
在金属骨架的上下端面可以各覆盖石墨、聚四氟乙烯等非金属密封材料， 在金属与金属之 间形成非金属与金属的密封效果。所述非金属密封材料可以不仅填充在金属齿之间， 而且同时
作为非金属密封层覆盖在密封齿之上； 也可以仅仅填充在金属齿之间， 或者仅覆盖在密封齿之 上。
本发明具有以下优点：
( 1 ) 为了解决了直线的斜齿或直齿无额外回弹性， 易脆裂的缺点， 本发明的新月齿或者 弯弓齿提供了齿顶部和根部内侧的两个半圆面设计：这两个半圆面提供了齿自身弹性以外的额 外两个回弹点和额外柔性， 受压时， 其弯曲的齿臂相比直线形齿臂会分散更多的应力， 避免了 上部和根部两个折点的应力集中造成屈服， 具有较好的抗疲劳性能。
( 2) 新月齿或者弯弓齿与法兰接触面为半圆面， 受压发生扭转变形， 接触面沿半圆滚动 位移， 即使在中间的非金属密封介质被挤出的情况下， 也不损伤法兰， 避免平角旋转后形成尖 角损伤法兰。
( 3 ) 齿背及两侧齿根的三个半圆面形成三个回弹点， 相比其它直齿、 斜齿、 三角齿等， 可获得较高的回弹性能。
( 4) 新月齿截面下宽上窄， 相比上下宽窄一致的设计， 有利于提高齿梢弹性变形能力， 增强齿根抗屈服能力， 提高垫片回弹性能同时， 提高其抗疲劳强度， 延长了垫片的使用寿命。
( 5 ) 新月齿或者弯弓齿受压后， 齿梢可与相邻齿齿背或止压凸台接触形成拱桥形， 获得 额外的支撑力， 并能形成连续的密封面， 进一步提供垫片第二次压缩回弹性能； 同时防止齿上 面覆盖的非金属密封层受压后断裂陷落入沟槽间隙中， 破坏非金属密封表面， 影响密封效果。
( 6) 多圈新月齿或者弯弓齿形成多个朝向压力源开口的半封闭抗压腔体， 使得来自压力 源的压力能够逐级降压； 而且该弯曲的齿内腔体利用流体压力， 有使弯曲的齿臂张开的趋势， 提供垫片第三次压缩回弹性能； 使齿顶与法兰密封面贴合更加紧密， 产生有效的密封补偿力， 提高密封的可靠性。
( 7) 通过实验验证， 低于 80%齿高的止压凸台高度设计可以确保新月齿或者弯弓齿获得 足够的密封压缩回弹性能，而高于 30%齿高的止压凸台高度设计可以确保新月齿或者弯弓齿不 会因为过大的预紧力而导致压溃损坏， 失去回弹密封能力， 有力的保证垫片密封的安全性。
( 8 ) 多圈止压凸台交叉分布在齿中， 可以确保外界法兰密封面不平或预紧压力不均时， 每圈齿都能够均匀受力， 得到保护性支撑， 不会损坏， 使垫片可以重复使用。
( 9) 多圈止压凸台交叉分布在齿中， 在受到过大的预紧力， 弯曲齿已压平的时候， 与法 兰密封面接触形成第二道密封线， 提供额外的二级抗压密封保护机制。
综上所述， 本发明通过上述不同的发明点组合， 与现有公开技术相比， 实现了一种压力应 变性能力极大提升的的金属骨架齿形复合垫。
附图说明
图 1是现有齿形垫片的骨架结构示意图。
图 2是止压凸台和新月齿采用 1+1+1+1+1+1方式交叉组合的复合垫截面示意图。
图 3是止压凸台和新月齿采用 1+1+1+1+1+1方式交叉组合的复合垫立体图。
图 4是止压凸台和弯弓齿采用 1+1+1+1+1+1方式交叉组合的复合垫立体图。
图 5是新月齿反向分布并和止压凸台交叉组合的复合垫截面示意图。
图 6是新月齿和止压凸台采用 1+1+2+1+3方式交叉组合的复合垫截面示意图。
图 7是压凸台和新月齿采用 1+2+1+2方式交叉组合的复合垫截面示意图。
图 8是止压凸台和新月齿采用 1+3方式交叉组合的复合垫截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细地说明。
首先， 为了解决了直线的斜齿或直齿无额外回弹性， 易脆裂的缺点， 本发明提供了齿顶部 和根部内侧的两个半圆面设计：这两个半圆面提供了齿自身弹性以外的额外两个回弹点和额外 柔性， 避免了上部和根部两个折点的应力集中。 并且相对与尖角， 或者平角的顶部， 本发明的 半圆形顶部设计在受压发生扭转变形的情况下， 仍然不损伤法兰。 其次， 作为补充设计特点， 本发明公开的新月形齿下宽上窄截面设计， 使齿具有较高的弹性及抗屈服抗疲劳性能， 显著提 高了垫片的使用寿命。 再次， 作为另外一个补充设计特点， 本发明设计了一种高度明显低于密 封齿的止压凸台， 在新月齿或弯弓齿受压后， 防止密封齿因为过大的预紧力而导致压溃损坏， 失去回弹密封能力， 从而有力的保证垫片密封的安全性。
与图 1现有的三角形尖角齿形垫片不同， 如图 2、 图 3所示， 金属垫片骨架上下端面的沿 径向同心通过金属加工技术车削并弯曲出多圈新月齿和止压凸台的交叉组合，金属骨架与齿为 一个整体且和与法兰平行。本发明垫片的新月齿 1朝着压力源的方向弯曲， 新月齿截面根部宽 度大于上部宽度。新月齿 1与法兰密封面的接触面 2为半圆面， 新月齿 1内侧的根部 3与骨架 基面的连接面也为半圆面， 齿梢为半圆角。 每两个新月齿 1中间设置一个止压凸台 4， 即止压 凸台 4和新月齿 1采用 1+1+1+1+1+1方式交叉组合。 止压凸台 4与法兰接触面为平面， 其中 心线与环面垂直。 外侧的止压凸台 4突出于外定位环 5。 金属骨架上、 下端面以及齿之间都覆 盖了柔性石墨材料 6， 形成复合垫片。
如图 4所示， 多圈弯弓齿和止压凸台交叉排列， 止压凸台和齿宽度上下一致的弯弓齿采用 1+1+1+1+1+1方式交叉组合。
如图 5所示， 新月齿反向分布并和止压凸台交叉组合， 齿梢采用尖角设计， 止压凸台下宽
上窄， 以满足特殊压力设备内外侧双向密封的需要。 金属骨架上、 下端面各覆盖了柔性石墨垫 片， 形成复合垫片。
如图 6、 图 7、 图 8所示， 新月齿和止压凸台可以以多种方式交叉组合， 以满足不同尺寸 和不同压力等级垫片的需要， 新月齿的尖端部分为圆角。 图 6显示了非金属密封层被挤出时， 新月形齿与法兰接触面之间为半圆面。图 7和图 8显示了非金属密封材料填充满齿间隙的状况。
本发明新月齿或者弯弓齿朝着压力源的方向弯曲，可充分利用流体压力形成有效的密封补 偿力。 新月齿或者弯弓齿与法兰接触面为半圆面， 受压发生扭转变形， 不损伤法兰。 新月齿或 者弯弓齿其弯曲的齿臂能够分散较多的应力， 而且内外两侧齿根部半圆面， 非尖角， 避免应力 集中造成屈服。 新月齿下宽上窄截面设计， 具有较好的抗疲劳性能。 齿背及两侧齿根的三个半 圆面形成三个回弹点， 从而获得较高的回弹性能。 齿受压后， 齿梢可与相邻齿或止压凸台接触 形成拱形支撑和连续密封面， 提高了回弹性能； 同时防止上面覆盖的非金属密封层受压后落入 沟槽间隙中， 影响密封效果。 新月齿或者弯弓齿中交叉分布的止压凸台， 确保齿获得足够的密 封压缩回弹性能， 而且不会因为过大的预紧力而导致压溃损坏， 失去回弹密封能力， 保证垫片 密封的安全性。 而且能够在在受到过大的预紧力， 弯曲齿已压平的时候， 与法兰密封面接触形 成第二道密封线， 提供额外的二级抗压密封保护机制。
另外， 在使用本发明的金属骨架齿形复合垫片时， 金属环上下面的非金属材料与密封元件 接触， 能加大密封效果、 降低磨损率， 同时在清理、 更换或者重覆金属垫片时， 只需将金属齿 形垫片上的石墨换掉， 该金属齿形垫片可继续使用， 提高了使用效率， 降低工业使用成本。
Claims
1. 一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 包括带齿状突起的金属骨架和非金属密封材料， 其特征在于， 金属骨架上下端面的沿径向同心分布多圈向压力源方向弯曲的新月形齿， 新 月形齿的根部宽度大于其上部宽度； 非金属密封材料结合设置在金属骨架上； 新月形齿与 法兰接触面之间如果在非金属密封材料被挤出的情况下发生接触， 则两者的接触面为半圆 面。
2. 一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 包括带齿状突起的金属骨架和非金属密封材料， 其特征在于， 金属骨架上下端面的沿径向同心分布多圈向压力源方向弯曲的弯弓形齿， 弯 弓形齿的截面宽度一致； 非金属密封材料结合设置在金属骨架上， 弯弓形齿与法兰接触面 之间如果在非金属密封材料被挤出的情况下发生接触， 则两者的接触面为半圆面。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 其特征在于， 金属骨 架上下端面沿径向、 与新月形齿或者弯弓形齿同心地设有止压凸台； 止压凸台的高度为邻 近齿高度的 30%-80%， 并高于金属骨架本体， 如果垫片外部设有定位环时， 止压凸台的高 度也同时高于定位环的高度； 所述止压凸台的顶部为非尖角， 且止压凸台不倾斜。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 其特征在于， 所述新 月形齿或弯弓形齿朝压力源方向的内侧根部与金属骨架基面的连接面为半圆面。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 其特征在于， 所述止压凸 台穿插在新月形齿或弯弓形齿的密封齿之间， 且最多不超过三个密封齿应穿插设置一个止 压凸台。
6. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种具有异形齿的金属骨架齿形复合垫， 其特征在于， 所述非 金属密封材料填充在金属骨架的密封齿之间或者整体覆盖在密封齿之上形成非金属密封 层， 或者这两者都有。
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| DE202011100506U1 (de) * | 2010-06-21 | 2011-07-13 | Alfred Jung | Dichtung für Flanschverbindung |
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