WO2015078180A1 - 摇枕、摇枕减振组件和转向架 - Google Patents

摇枕、摇枕减振组件和转向架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015078180A1
WO2015078180A1 PCT/CN2014/081020 CN2014081020W WO2015078180A1 WO 2015078180 A1 WO2015078180 A1 WO 2015078180A1 CN 2014081020 W CN2014081020 W CN 2014081020W WO 2015078180 A1 WO2015078180 A1 WO 2015078180A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bolster
friction block
opening
horizontal
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/081020
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹平伟
徐世锋
刘振明
张得荣
梁昊
Original Assignee
齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司大连研发中心
齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司大连研发中心, 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 filed Critical 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司大连研发中心
Priority to US14/648,744 priority Critical patent/US10144437B2/en
Priority to CA2893060A priority patent/CA2893060C/en
Priority to NZ708666A priority patent/NZ708666A/en
Priority to AU2014357218A priority patent/AU2014357218B2/en
Priority to RU2015120699A priority patent/RU2636633C2/ru
Priority to BR112015012704-5A priority patent/BR112015012704B1/pt
Publication of WO2015078180A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015078180A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/06Bolster supports or mountings incorporating metal springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • B61F5/122Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers with friction surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/16Centre bearings or other swivel connections between underframes and bolsters or bogies
    • B61F5/18King-bolts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of bogie technology, and more particularly to a bolster, a bolster damping assembly and a bogie.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Casting steel three-piece bogies are the most common type of bogies in railway wagons. As shown in FIG.
  • the prior art bogie includes a body 10' of a bolster, a friction block 20', a vertical elastic member 40', a column wear plate 70', a bevel wear plate 90', and a side frame 80',
  • There are two friction blocks 20' the body 10' of the bolster is obliquely matched with the two friction blocks 20', and the body 10' of the bolster is located between the two friction blocks 20', and the inclined wear plate 90' is disposed on the bolster On the body 10', and the inclined wear plate 90' is located between the body 10' of the bolster and the friction block 20', the column wear plate 70' is frictionally engaged with the friction block 20', and the vertical elastic member 40' is disposed on the bolster Below the body 10' and the friction block 20', the body 10' of the bolster, the friction block 20', the vertical elastic member 40', the column wear plate 70' and the ramp wear plate 90' are all disposed on the side frame 80'.
  • the weight of the body acts on the vertical elastic element 40' through the body 10' of the bolster, the vertical elastic element 40' being used to relieve the impact force and vibration from the track, due to the vertical elastic element 40'
  • the force is opposite to the direction of motion and thus acts to prevent system vibration.
  • a certain pressure is generated between the column wear plate 70' and the friction block 20', and between the slope wear plate 90' and the friction block 20'.
  • relative movement and friction are generated between the column wear plate 70' and the friction block 20', and between the inclined wear plate 90' and the friction block 20', so that the vibration kinetic energy becomes frictional heat energy, and the reduction is realized.
  • a bolster including a body, both ends of which have mounting cavities for mounting friction blocks, and the mounting cavities have opposite first horizontal openings And a second horizontal opening, the opening directions of the first horizontal opening and the second horizontal opening are both perpendicular to the extending direction of the body.
  • the body has: a first vertical opening, the first vertical opening is in communication with the mounting cavity; the second vertical opening, the second vertical opening is in communication with the mounting cavity, and the second vertical opening
  • the hole is disposed coaxially with the first vertical opening, and a portion of the friction block is slidably disposed within the first vertical opening and the second vertical opening. Further, the diameter of the first vertical opening is larger than the diameter of the second vertical opening.
  • a bolster damping assembly comprising a bolster and a damper, wherein the bolster is a bolster as described above, the body of the bolster having a first vertical opening, the first vertical The opening is in communication with the mounting cavity, the damping portion comprises a friction block, a horizontal elastic element and a vertical elastic element, the friction block comprises: a first friction block, the first friction block is disposed in the mounting cavity of the bolster, and the first friction The first end of the block protrudes from the first horizontal opening of the mounting cavity; the second friction block, the second friction block is disposed in the mounting cavity of the bolster, and the second friction block is located in the extending direction of the first friction block And the first end of the second friction block protrudes from the second horizontal opening of the mounting cavity, the horizontal elastic element is disposed between the first friction block and the second friction block; the intermediate wedge, the middle wedge is disposed on the bolster In the mounting cavity, the intermediate wedge is located between the first friction block and the second friction block
  • the horizontal elastic element comprises: a first horizontal elastic element, the first horizontal elastic element abuts between the first friction block and the intermediate wedge; the second horizontal elastic element, the second horizontal elastic element abuts the second Between the friction block and the intermediate wedge.
  • the body of the bolster has an abutting plate, the abutting plate is disposed in the mounting cavity, and the abutting plate is spaced apart from the intermediate wedge.
  • the horizontal elastic component comprises: a first horizontal elastic component, and the first horizontal elastic component abuts Between the first friction block and the abutment plate; the second horizontal elastic element, the second horizontal elastic element abuts between the second friction block and the abutment plate.
  • the first friction block has a first receiving cavity, the opening of the first receiving cavity is disposed toward the second friction block, and at least a portion of the first horizontal elastic member is located in the first receiving cavity;
  • the second friction block has a second receiving cavity The cavity, the opening of the second receiving cavity is disposed toward the first friction block, and at least a portion of the second horizontal elastic element is located in the second receiving cavity.
  • the body of the bolster has a second vertical opening, the second vertical opening is in communication with the mounting cavity, and the second vertical opening is coaxially disposed with the first vertical opening, and both ends of the intermediate wedge The sliding is disposed within the first vertical opening and the second vertical opening.
  • the vibration damping portion further includes: a friction sleeve having a first escape hole for avoiding the intermediate wedge, the friction sleeve being disposed at the second vertical opening, and the top end of the intermediate wedge passing the friction sleeve and the bolster a vertical opening sliding connection; a stop sleeve having a second relief hole for avoiding the intermediate wedge, the stop sleeve being disposed at the first vertical opening, and the bottom end of the intermediate wedge extending
  • the second relief hole of the sleeve, and the stop sleeve has a flange for stopping the intermediate wedge.
  • the vibration damping part further comprises a column wear plate, the column wear plate is two, the column wear plate is fixedly disposed, and one of the two column wear plates abuts the first end of the first friction block, two Another column wear plate of the column wear plates abuts the first end of the second friction block.
  • a bogie comprising a side frame and a bolster damping assembly, the bolster damping assembly being disposed on the side frame, the bolster damping assembly being the bolster damping assembly described above.
  • Both ends of the body of the bolster of the present invention have mounting cavities for mounting friction blocks, the mounting cavities having opposite first and second horizontal openings, a first horizontal opening and a second horizontal opening
  • the opening directions are both perpendicular to the extending direction of the body.
  • the friction block is mounted in the mounting cavity of the body of the bolster, and the end of the friction block projects from the first horizontal opening and the second horizontal opening of the mounting cavity. Since the friction block and the bolster are not matched by the inclined surface, and the moving direction of the bolster is perpendicular to the moving direction of the friction block with respect to the bolster, the wear of the friction block and the bolster is reduced, and the bolster and the friction block are ensured.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a bogie in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing a bogie in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. A schematic structural view of a bogie in another preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • a bolster is provided. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the bolster includes the body
  • both ends of the body 10 have a mounting cavity 11 for mounting the friction block 20, the mounting cavity 11 has a first horizontal opening 11a and a second horizontal opening l ib, a first horizontal opening 11a and a second The opening directions of the horizontal openings l ib are both perpendicular to the extending direction of the body 10.
  • the friction block 20 is mounted in the mounting cavity 11 of the body 10 of the bolster, and the end of the friction block 20 is from the first horizontal opening 11a and the second horizontal opening 1 of the mounting cavity 11. Extending from ib.
  • a bolster damping assembly is provided.
  • the bolster damping assembly includes a bolster and a damper, the bolster being the bolster described above, the body 10 of the bolster having a first vertical opening 12, a first vertical opening 12 is in communication with the mounting cavity 11, the damping portion comprising a friction block 20, a horizontal elastic member 30 and a vertical elastic member 40, the friction block 20 comprising a first friction block 21, a second friction block 22 and an intermediate wedge 23, the first friction
  • the block 21 is disposed in the mounting cavity 11 of the bolster, and the first end of the first friction block 21 is extended at the first horizontal opening 11a of the mounting cavity 11;
  • the second friction block 22 is disposed at the installation of the bolster In the cavity 11, the second friction block 22 is located in the extending direction of the first friction block 21, and the first end of the second friction block 22 is extended at the second horizontal opening l ib of the mounting cavity 11, horizontally elastic
  • the element 30 is disposed between the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22; the intermediate wedge 23 is disposed in the mounting cavity 11 of the first
  • the vertical resilient element 40 is a spring.
  • a wear sleeve can also be installed between the two. In the embodiment shown in FIGS.
  • the horizontal elastic member 30 is disposed between the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22, the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 are disposed. There is always abutting force away from each other, so that when the bolster damping assembly is installed at a certain fixed position, the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 have a stable abutting force in the horizontal direction and the fixed position.
  • the bolster damping assembly has a certain damping force, thereby ensuring the movement reliability of the bolster damping assembly.
  • the bottom end of the intermediate wedge 23 projects at the first vertical opening 12, and at least one of the vertical elastic members 40 is located at the bottom end of the intermediate wedge 23 Below, when the bolster moves downward, the bolster drives the intermediate wedge 23 to move in the same direction, and the intermediate wedge 23 presses the vertical elastic member 40 to play the role of vibration reduction.
  • the bottom end of the intermediate wedge 23 has a knob for limiting the displacement of the vertical elastic member 40. Since the intermediate wedge 23 is fitted with the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 by the inclined surface, the force between the intermediate wedge 23 and the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 will follow when the bolster moves.
  • the weight of the load changes so that the bolster damping assembly always has sufficient damping force.
  • the intermediate wedge 23 and the first friction block 21 and the The two friction blocks 22 ensure a certain gap when empty, and the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 abut against the column wear plate 70 through the horizontal elastic member 30 to ensure a stable damping force of the system;
  • the intermediate wedge 23 is required to rigidly abut against the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 to provide a stable and reliable damping force.
  • the vertical elastic member 40 located directly below the bottom end of the intermediate wedge 23 lifts the intermediate wedge 23 so that the intermediate wedge 23 is in rigid contact with the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22. Therefore, the abutment force is stabilized and the damping force is stabilized. Since the intermediate wedge 23 is in rigid contact with the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22, the force between the intermediate wedge 23 and the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 will also increase as the load is further increased. In order to ensure that the bolster damping assembly can effectively reduce vibration when it is subjected to heavy load, the vibration damping reliability of the bolster damping assembly is ensured.
  • the horizontal elastic member 30 includes a first horizontal elastic member 31 and a second horizontal elastic member 32, and the first horizontal elastic member 31 is abutted between the first friction block 21 and the intermediate wedge 23.
  • the second horizontal elastic member 32 is abutted between the second friction block 22 and the intermediate wedge 23.
  • the intermediate wedge 23 has a circular umbilicus for restricting displacement of the first horizontal elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32.
  • the body 10 of the bolster has an abutment plate disposed in the mounting cavity 11, and the abutment plate is spaced apart from the intermediate wedge 23, and the horizontal elastic member 30 includes the first level.
  • the elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32 are disposed between the first friction block 21 and the abutting plate, and the second horizontal elastic member 32 is abutted against the second friction block 22 Between the boards. Since the first horizontal elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32 are provided, the force and the motion reliability of the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 are ensured, thereby ensuring reliable use of the bolster damping assembly. Sex.
  • the abutment plate has a knob for restricting displacement of the first horizontal elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32.
  • the first friction block 21 has a first receiving cavity 21a, the opening of the first receiving cavity 21a is disposed towards the second friction block 22, and at least a portion of the first horizontal elastic member 31 Located in the first accommodating cavity 21a;
  • the second friction block 22 has a second accommodating cavity 22a, the opening of the second accommodating cavity 22a is disposed toward the first friction block, and at least a portion of the second horizontal elastic member 32 is located in the second accommodating cavity 22a Inside. Since the first horizontal elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32 are respectively disposed in the first accommodating chamber 21a of the first friction block 21 and the second accommodating chamber 22a of the second friction block 22, the first horizontal elasticity is ensured.
  • the stability of the arrangement of the element 31 and the second horizontal elastic element 32 ensures the reliability of the movement of the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22, thereby ensuring the reliability of use of the bolster vibration-damping assembly.
  • the first horizontal elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32 are springs.
  • the first horizontal elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32 are plural.
  • the first horizontal elastic member 31 and the second horizontal elastic member 32 are mounted horizontally or nearly horizontally.
  • the body 10 of the bolster has a second vertical opening 13, the second vertical opening 13 is in communication with the mounting cavity 11, and the second vertical opening 13 is
  • the first vertical opening 12 is coaxially disposed, and both ends of the intermediate wedge 23 are slidably disposed in the first vertical opening 12 and the second vertical opening 13. Since the body 10 of the bolster is provided with the second vertical opening 13 for avoiding the intermediate wedge 23, the reliability of the movement of the intermediate wedge 23 is ensured, thereby improving the use reliability and operational stability of the bolster damping assembly.
  • the damper portion further includes a friction sleeve 50 and a stopper sleeve 60.
  • the friction sleeve 50 has a first escape hole for avoiding the intermediate wedge 23, and the friction sleeve 50 is disposed at the second Vertical opening 13
  • the top end of 23 is slidably coupled to the second vertical opening 13 of the bolster through the friction sleeve 50;
  • the stop sleeve 60 has a second escape hole for escaping the intermediate wedge 23, and the stop sleeve 60 is disposed at the first vertical opening
  • the bottom end of the intermediate wedge 23 projects beyond the second escape hole of the stop sleeve 60, and the stop sleeve 60 has a flange 61 for stopping the intermediate wedge 23.
  • the friction sleeve 50 is provided, the reliability of the connection between the bolster and the intermediate wedge 23 is ensured, and the intermediate wedge 23 is prevented from shaking during the movement, which has a good guiding effect. Since the stopper sleeve 60 is provided, the stopper sleeve 60 functions as a guiding action and also has an excessive downward movement of the stopper intermediate wedge 23, thereby improving the reliability of use of the bolster damping assembly.
  • the friction sleeve 50 and the stop sleeve 60 and the bolster may be of a separate structure or a unitary structure.
  • the intermediate wedge 23 is a wedge-shaped structure.
  • the intermediate wedge 23 may also be a conical, parabolic or partially spherical structure.
  • the damper portion further includes a column wear plate 70, two column wear plates 70 are fixed, the column wear plate 70 is fixedly disposed, and one of the two column wear plates 70 is worn.
  • the plate 70 abuts the first end of the first friction block 21, and the other of the two column wear plates 70 abuts the first end of the second friction block 22. Since the column wear plate 70 is provided, the damping force between the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22 and the column wear plate 70 is increased, thereby ensuring the reliability of use of the bolster vibration-damping assembly.
  • the bolster damping assembly of the present invention has the characteristic that the wear has little influence on the vibration damping performance (especially in the case of an empty vehicle), and also increases the space for arranging the vertical elastic members 40 under the bolster, especially those with shaking The space of the vertical elastic element 40 that the pillow directly contacts.
  • a bogie is provided.
  • the bogie includes a side frame 80 and a bolster damping assembly, and the bolster damping assembly is disposed on the side frame 80.
  • the bolster damping assembly is the bolster damping assembly described above.
  • the column wear plate 70 is disposed on the side frame 80, and the column wear plate 70 is located in the extending direction of the first friction block 21 and the second friction block 22. Since the bogie in the present invention is in operation, especially during the operation of the empty car, the performance of the bolster damping assembly is not affected by the relative movement of the bolster and the friction block 20, thereby ensuring the movement of the bogie Stability, which improves the reliability of the bogie.
  • the friction block 20 generates a force to generate a certain pressure between the friction block 20 and the column wear plate 70, and is compressed by the vertical elastic member 40, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing vibration and impact of the vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种摇枕,包括本体(10),本体(10)的两端均具有用于安装摩擦块(20)的安装腔体(11),安装腔体(11)具有相对设置的第一水平开口(11a)和第二水平开口(11b),第一水平开口(11a)和第二水平开口(11b)的开口方向均与本体(10)的延伸方向垂直设置;一种摇枕减振组件,包括摇枕和减振部,减振部包括摩擦块(20)、水平弹性元件(30)和竖直弹性元件(40),摩擦块(20)安装在摇枕的本体(10)的安装腔体(11)中,且摩擦块的端部从安装腔体(11)的第一水平开口(11a)和第二水平开口(11b)处伸出;一种转向架,包括摇枕减振组件和侧架(80),摇枕减振组件设置在侧架(80)上。由于摩擦块(20)与摇枕不通过斜面配合,且摇枕的运动方向与摩擦块(20)相对于摇枕的运动方向垂直设置,因而减小了摩擦块(20)与摇枕的磨耗,并且保证摇枕与摩擦块(20)的相对运动或磨耗不会影响竖直弹性元件(40)的减振性能,从而保证了转向架在空车时的减振效果,保证了摇枕的使用可靠性。

Description

摇枕、 摇枕减振组件和转向架 技术领域 本发明涉及转向架技术领域, 更具体地, 涉及一种摇枕、摇枕减振组件和转向架。 背景技术 铸钢三大件转向架是铁路货车中最常见的转向架型式。 如图 1所示, 现有技术中的转向架包括摇枕的本体 10'、 摩擦块 20'、 竖直弹性 元件 40'、 立柱磨耗板 70'、 斜面磨耗板 90'和侧架 80', 摩擦块 20'为两个, 摇枕的本 体 10'与两个摩擦块 20'斜面配合, 且摇枕的本体 10'位于两个摩擦块 20'之间, 斜面磨 耗板 90'设置在摇枕的本体 10'上, 且斜面磨耗板 90'位于摇枕的本体 10'与摩擦块 20' 之间, 立柱磨耗板 70'与摩擦块 20'摩擦配合, 竖直弹性元件 40'设置在摇枕的本体 10' 和摩擦块 20'的下方, 摇枕的本体 10'、 摩擦块 20'、 竖直弹性元件 40'、 立柱磨耗板 70' 和斜面磨耗板 90'均设置在侧架 80'上。 车体的重量通过摇枕的本体 10' 作用于竖直弹性元件 40'上, 竖直弹性元件 40'用 于缓解来自轨道的冲击力和振动的激扰力,由于竖直弹性元件 40'的作用力与运动的方 向相反, 因而起着阻止系统振动的作用。 同时, 在车体作用力和弹簧反力的作用下, 立柱磨耗板 70'与摩擦块 20' 之间、 斜面磨耗板 90'与摩擦块 20'之间会产生一定的压 力。 当车体振动过程中, 立柱磨耗板 70'与摩擦块 20' 之间、 斜面磨耗板 90'与摩擦块 20'之间会产生相对移动和摩擦, 从而使振动动能变为摩擦热能, 实现减小车辆振动和 冲击的目的。 由于摇枕的本体 10'与摩擦块 20'长期摩擦后斜面磨耗板 90'会变薄, 因而导致摩 擦块 20'位置上移, 从而使竖直弹性元件 40'压缩量减小, 也就是减小了竖直弹性元件 40'的减振能力。 特别是在转向架空车运行时, 由于本身竖直弹性元件 40'的压缩量就 小, 因而导致转向架在空车运行时减振效果差, 存在运行安全隐患。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种摇枕、 摇枕减振组件和转向架, 以解决现有技术中摇枕与摩 擦块磨耗高而影响竖直弹性元件的减振效果的问题。 为解决上述技术问题, 根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种摇枕, 包括本体, 本 体的两端均具有用于安装摩擦块的安装腔体, 安装腔体具有相对设置的第一水平开口 和第二水平开口, 第一水平开口和第二水平开口的开口方向均与本体的延伸方向垂直 设置。 进一步地, 本体具有: 第一竖直开孔, 第一竖直开孔与安装腔体连通; 第二竖直 开孔, 第二竖直开孔与安装腔体连通, 且第二竖直开孔与第一竖直开孔同轴设置, 摩 擦块的一部分滑动设置在第一竖直开孔和第二竖直开孔内。 进一步地, 第一竖直开孔的直径大于第二竖直开孔的直径。 根据本发明的另一个方面, 提供了一种摇枕减振组件, 包括摇枕和减振部, 摇枕 是上述的摇枕, 摇枕的本体具有第一竖直开孔, 第一竖直开孔与安装腔体连通, 减振 部包括摩擦块、 水平弹性元件和竖直弹性元件, 摩擦块包括: 第一摩擦块, 第一摩擦 块设置在摇枕的安装腔体内, 且第一摩擦块的第一端伸出设置在安装腔体的第一水平 开口处; 第二摩擦块, 第二摩擦块设置在摇枕的安装腔体内, 第二摩擦块位于第一摩 擦块的延伸方向上, 且第二摩擦块的第一端伸出设置在安装腔体的第二水平开口处, 水平弹性元件设置在第一摩擦块与第二摩擦块之间; 中间楔, 中间楔设置在摇枕的安 装腔体内, 中间楔位于第一摩擦块和第二摩擦块之间, 且中间楔与第一摩擦块和第二 摩擦块通过斜面配合, 中间楔的底端伸出设置在第一竖直开孔处; 竖直弹性元件为多 个, 多个竖直弹性元件排列设置在摇枕的下方, 且至少一个竖直弹性元件位于中间楔 的底端的正下方。 进一步地, 水平弹性元件包括: 第一水平弹性元件, 第一水平弹性元件抵接设置 在第一摩擦块与中间楔之间; 第二水平弹性元件, 第二水平弹性元件抵接设置在第二 摩擦块与中间楔之间。 进一步地, 摇枕的本体具有抵接板, 抵接板设置在安装腔体内, 且抵接板与中间 楔间隔设置, 水平弹性元件包括: 第一水平弹性元件, 第一水平弹性元件抵接设置在 第一摩擦块与抵接板之间; 第二水平弹性元件, 第二水平弹性元件抵接设置在第二摩 擦块与抵接板之间。 进一步地,第一摩擦块具有第一容纳腔,第一容纳腔的开口朝向第二摩擦块设置, 且第一水平弹性元件的至少一部分位于第一容纳腔内; 第二摩擦块具有第二容纳腔, 第二容纳腔的开口朝向第一摩擦块设置, 且第二水平弹性元件的至少一部分位于第二 容纳腔内。 进一步地, 摇枕的本体具有第二竖直开孔, 第二竖直开孔与安装腔体连通, 且第 二竖直开孔与第一竖直开孔同轴设置, 中间楔的两端滑动设置在第一竖直开孔和第二 竖直开孔内。 进一步地, 减振部还包括: 摩擦套, 摩擦套具有用于避让中间楔的第一避让孔, 摩擦套设置在第二竖直开孔处, 中间楔的顶端通过摩擦套与摇枕的第二竖直开孔滑动 连接; 止挡套, 止挡套具有用于避让中间楔的第二避让孔, 止挡套设置在第一竖直开 孔处, 中间楔的底端伸出设置在止挡套的第二避让孔处, 且止挡套具有用于止挡中间 楔的凸缘。 进一步地, 减振部还包括立柱磨耗板, 立柱磨耗板为两个, 立柱磨耗板固定设置, 且两个立柱磨耗板中的一个立柱磨耗板与第一摩擦块的第一端抵接, 两个立柱磨耗板 中的另一个立柱磨耗板与第二摩擦块的第一端抵接。 根据本发明的另一个方面, 提供了一种转向架, 包括侧架和摇枕减振组件, 摇枕 减振组件设置在侧架上, 摇枕减振组件是上述的摇枕减振组件。 本发明中的摇枕的本体的两端均具有用于安装摩擦块的安装腔体, 安装腔体具有 相对设置的第一水平开口和第二水平开口, 第一水平开口和第二水平开口的开口方向 均与本体的延伸方向垂直设置。 使用本发明中的摇枕时, 摩擦块安装在摇枕的本体的 安装腔体中, 且摩擦块的端部从安装腔体的第一水平开口和第二水平开口处伸出。 由 于摩擦块与摇枕不通过斜面配合, 且摇枕的运动方向与摩擦块相对于摇枕的运动方向 垂直设置, 因而减小了摩擦块与摇枕的磨耗, 并且保证摇枕与摩擦块的相对运动或磨 耗不会影响竖直弹性元件的减振性能, 从而保证了转向架在空车时的减振效果, 保证 了摇枕的使用可靠性。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1示意性示出了现有技术中的转向架的结构示意图; 图 2示意性示出了本发明中的一个优选实施例中转向架的结构示意图; 以及 图 3示意性示出了本发明中的另一个优选实施例中转向架的结构示意图。 图中附图标记: 10、 本体; 11、 安装腔体; l la、 第一水平开口; l lb、 第二水平 开口; 12、 第一竖直开孔; 13、 第二竖直开孔; 20、 摩擦块; 21、 第一摩擦块; 21a、 第一容纳腔; 22、 第二摩擦块; 22a、 第二容纳腔; 23、 中间楔; 30、 水平弹性元件; 31、 第一水平弹性元件; 32、 第二水平弹性元件; 40、 竖直弹性元件; 50、 摩擦套; 60、 止挡套; 61、 凸缘; 70、 立柱磨耗板; 80、 侧架; 10'、 本体; 20'、 摩擦块; 40'、 竖直弹性元件; 70'、 立柱磨耗板; 80'、 侧架; 90'、 斜面磨耗板。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明, 但是本发明可以由权利要求限定 和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 作为本发明的第一个方面, 提供了一种摇枕。 如图 2和图 3所示, 摇枕包括本体
10, 本体 10的两端均具有用于安装摩擦块 20的安装腔体 11, 安装腔体 11具有相对 设置的第一水平开口 11a和第二水平开口 l ib, 第一水平开口 11a和第二水平开口 l ib 的开口方向均与本体 10的延伸方向垂直设置。 使用本发明中的摇枕时, 摩擦块 20安 装在摇枕的本体 10的安装腔体 11中, 且摩擦块 20的端部从安装腔体 11的第一水平 开口 11a和第二水平开口 l ib处伸出。 由于摩擦块 20与摇枕不通过斜面配合, 且摇枕 的运动方向与摩擦块 20相对于摇枕的运动方向垂直设置, 因而减小了摩擦块 20与摇 枕的磨耗, 并且保证摇枕与摩擦块 20的相对运动或磨耗不会影响竖直弹性元件 40的 减振性能, 从而保证了转向架在空车时的减振效果, 保证了摇枕的使用可靠性。 作为本发明的第二个方面, 提供了一种摇枕减振组件。 如图 2和图 3所示, 摇枕 减振组件包括摇枕和减振部, 摇枕是上述的摇枕, 摇枕的本体 10 具有第一竖直开孔 12, 第一竖直开孔 12与安装腔体 11连通, 减振部包括摩擦块 20、 水平弹性元件 30 和竖直弹性元件 40, 摩擦块 20包括第一摩擦块 21、 第二摩擦块 22和中间楔 23, 第 一摩擦块 21设置在摇枕的安装腔体 11内,且第一摩擦块 21的第一端伸出设置在安装 腔体 11的第一水平开口 11a处; 第二摩擦块 22设置在摇枕的安装腔体 11内, 第二摩 擦块 22位于第一摩擦块 21的延伸方向上,且第二摩擦块 22的第一端伸出设置在安装 腔体 11的第二水平开口 l ib处,水平弹性元件 30设置在第一摩擦块 21与第二摩擦块 22之间; 中间楔 23设置在摇枕的安装腔体 11内, 中间楔 23位于第一摩擦块 21和第 二摩擦块 22之间, 且中间楔 23与第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22通过斜面配合, 中 间楔 23的底端伸出设置在第一竖直开孔 12处; 竖直弹性元件 40为多个, 多个竖直弹 性元件 40排列设置在摇枕的下方,且至少一个竖直弹性元件 40位于中间楔 23的底端 的正下方。 优选地, 竖直弹性元件 40为弹簧。 当然, 为了防止摩擦块 20与摇枕磨耗, 也可在二者之间安装磨耗套。 在上述图 2和图 3所示的实施例中, 由于第一摩擦块 21、 第二摩擦块 22均设置 在安装腔体 11中,且第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22相对于摇枕的运动方向与摇枕本 身的运动方向垂直, 因而当摇枕运动时, 竖直弹性元件 40 的作用方向与第一摩擦块 21、 第二摩擦块 22的运动方向也垂直设置, 从而使得第一摩擦块 21、 第二摩擦块 22 的运动不会影响竖直弹性元件 40的减振效果,进而使得空车运行时摇枕减振组件具有 减振效果好的特点。 在上述图 2和图 3所示的实施例中, 由于水平弹性元件 30设置在第一摩擦块 21 与第二摩擦块 22之间,因而使得第一摩擦块 21与第二摩擦块 22之间始终存在相互远 离的抵接力, 也就使得当摇枕减振组件安装在某一固定位置处时,第一摩擦块 21与第 二摩擦块 22在水平方向与固定位置处存在稳定的抵接力作用,使得摇枕减振组件具有 一定的阻尼力, 从而保证了摇枕减振组件的运动可靠性。 在上述图 2和图 3所示的实施例中,由于中间楔 23的底端伸出设置在第一竖直开 孔 12处, 且至少一个竖直弹性元件 40位于中间楔 23的底端的正下方, 因而当摇枕向 下运动时, 摇枕带动中间楔 23—同运动, 并使中间楔 23下压竖直弹性元件 40, 从而 起到减振的作用。 优选地, 中间楔 23的底端具有用于限制竖直弹性元件 40移位的圆 脐子。 由于中间楔 23与第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22通过斜面配合, 因而当摇枕运 动时,中间楔 23与第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22之间的作用力会随着负载的重量而 变化, 从而使得摇枕减振组件始终具有足够的阻尼力。 在转向架的实例中, 应注意地是, 由于空车负载较轻、 重车负载过重, 因而为了 保证摇枕减振组件能够可靠运转, 需要使中间楔 23与第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22 在空车时保证一定的间隙, 此时第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22通过水平弹性元件 30 抵接在立柱磨耗板 70上, 以保证系统具有稳定的阻尼力; 当负载运行时, 仅靠水平弹 性元件 30已经不足以提供足够的阻尼力时,此时需要中间楔 23与第一摩擦块 21和第 二摩擦块 22刚性抵接, 以提供稳定可靠的阻尼力。 当摇枕下压到一定程度时, 位于中 间楔 23底端正下方的竖直弹性元件 40 会将中间楔 23顶起, 以使中间楔 23与第一摩 擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22刚性接触, 从而保证抵接力稳定、 阻尼力稳定。 由于中间楔 23与第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22刚性接触, 因而当负载进一步加大时, 中间楔 23 与第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22之间的作用力也将越大, 从而保证摇枕减振组件在 承受重载时也能有效减振、 保证了摇枕减振组件的减振可靠性。 同时, 当中间楔 23 与第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22刚性抵接后, 三者之间不会随摇枕的运动而产生相 对运动, 因而减小了各部件之间的磨耗、 延长了各部件的使用寿命、 保证了摇枕减振 组件的运动稳定性和减振可靠性, 从而提高了摇枕减振组件的使用可靠性。 如图 2所示的实施例中, 水平弹性元件 30包括第一水平弹性元件 31和第二水平 弹性元件 32, 第一水平弹性元件 31抵接设置在第一摩擦块 21与中间楔 23之间, 第 二水平弹性元件 32抵接设置在第二摩擦块 22与中间楔 23之间。由于设置有第一水平 弹性元件 31和第二水平弹性元件 32, 因而保证了第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22的 作用力和运动可靠性, 从而保证了摇枕减振组件的使用可靠性。 优选地, 中间楔 23 上具有用于限制第一水平弹性元件 31和第二水平弹性元件 32移位的圆脐子。 如图 3所示的实施例中, 摇枕的本体 10具有抵接板, 抵接板设置在安装腔体 11 内, 且抵接板与中间楔 23间隔设置,水平弹性元件 30包括第一水平弹性元件 31和第 二水平弹性元件 32, 第一水平弹性元件 31抵接设置在第一摩擦块 21与抵接板之间, 第二水平弹性元件 32抵接设置在第二摩擦块 22与抵接板之间。 由于设置有第一水平 弹性元件 31和第二水平弹性元件 32, 因而保证了第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22的 作用力和运动可靠性, 从而保证了摇枕减振组件的使用可靠性。 优选地, 抵接板上具 有用于限制第一水平弹性元件 31和第二水平弹性元件 32移位的圆脐子。 如图 2和图 3所示的实施例中, 第一摩擦块 21具有第一容纳腔 21a, 第一容纳腔 21a的开口朝向第二摩擦块 22设置, 且第一水平弹性元件 31的至少一部分位于第一 容纳腔 21a内; 第二摩擦块 22具有第二容纳腔 22a, 第二容纳腔 22a的开口朝向第一 摩擦块设置, 且第二水平弹性元件 32的至少一部分位于第二容纳腔 22a内。 由于第一 水平弹性元件 31和第二水平弹性元件 32分别对应设置在第一摩擦块 21的第一容纳腔 21a和第二摩擦块 22的第二容纳腔 22a内, 因而保证了第一水平弹性元件 31和第二 水平弹性元件 32的设置稳定性,从而保证了第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22的运动可 靠性, 进而保证了摇枕减振组件的使用可靠性。 优选地, 第一水平弹性元件 31和第二水平弹性元件 32为弹簧。 进一步地, 第一 水平弹性元件 31和第二水平弹性元件 32均为多个。 进一步地, 第一水平弹性元件 31 和第二水平弹性元件 32水平或接近水平安装。 如图 2和图 3所示的实施例中, 摇枕的本体 10具有第二竖直开孔 13, 第二竖直 开孔 13与安装腔体 11连通, 且第二竖直开孔 13与第一竖直开孔 12同轴设置, 中间 楔 23的两端滑动设置在第一竖直开孔 12和第二竖直开孔 13内。 由于摇枕的本体 10 设置有用于避让中间楔 23的第二竖直开孔 13, 因而保证了中间楔 23的运动可靠性, 从而提高了摇枕减振组件的使用可靠性和运行稳定性。 如图 2和图 3所示的实施例中, 减振部还包括摩擦套 50和止挡套 60, 摩擦套 50 具有用于避让中间楔 23的第一避让孔,摩擦套 50设置在第二竖直开孔 13处, 中间楔 23的顶端通过摩擦套 50与摇枕的第二竖直开孔 13滑动连接; 止挡套 60具有用于避 让中间楔 23的第二避让孔, 止挡套 60设置在第一竖直开孔 12处, 中间楔 23的底端 伸出设置在止挡套 60的第二避让孔处, 且止挡套 60具有用于止挡中间楔 23的凸缘 61。 由于设置有摩擦套 50, 因而保证了摇枕与中间楔 23 的连接可靠性、 避免中间楔 23在运动过程中晃动, 具有很好的导向作用。 由于设置有止挡套 60, 因而止挡套 60 在起到导向作用的同时,还具有止挡中间楔 23过度向下运动的作用,从而提高了摇枕 减振组件的使用可靠性。 优选地, 摩擦套 50和止挡套 60与摇枕可为分体结构, 也可为一体结构。 当摩擦 套 50和止挡套 60与摇枕为分体结构时, 应采用过盈配合或螺栓连接等; 当摩擦套 50 和止挡套 60与摇枕为一体结构时, 可采用焊接方式连接。 优选地, 中间楔 23为楔形结构。 当然, 中间楔 23也可以是圆锥形、 抛物线形或 部分球形等结构。 如图 2和图 3所示的实施例中, 减振部还包括立柱磨耗板 70, 立柱磨耗板 70为 两个,立柱磨耗板 70固定设置,且两个立柱磨耗板 70中的一个立柱磨耗板 70与第一 摩擦块 21的第一端抵接,两个立柱磨耗板 70中的另一个立柱磨耗板 70与第二摩擦块 22的第一端抵接。 由于设置有立柱磨耗板 70, 因而增加了第一摩擦块 21和第二摩擦 块 22与立柱磨耗板 70之间的阻尼力, 从而保证了摇枕减振组件的使用可靠性。 本发明中的摇枕减振组件具有磨耗对减振性能影响小的特点 (特别是在空车情况 下), 同时也增加了摇枕下方布置竖直弹性元件 40的空间, 特别是那些与摇枕直接接 触的竖直弹性元件 40的空间。 作为本发明的第三个方面, 提供了一种转向架。 如图 2和图 3所示, 转向架包括 侧架 80和摇枕减振组件, 摇枕减振组件设置在侧架 80上, 摇枕减振组件是上述的摇 枕减振组件。优选地, 立柱磨耗板 70设置在侧架 80上, 且立柱磨耗板 70位于第一摩 擦块 21和第二摩擦块 22的延伸方向上。 由于本发明中的转向架在运行过程中, 特别 是在空车运行的过程中,摇枕减振组件的性能不会受到摇枕与摩擦块 20相对运动的影 响, 因而保证了转向架的运动稳定性, 从而提高了转向架的使用可靠性。 空车时, 由于水平弹性元件 30具有一定的压缩量, 且通过止挡套 60限制中间楔 23的水平位移和向下位移, 从而使摩擦块 20与立柱磨耗板 70之间产生一定的压力, 实现减小车辆振动和冲击的目的。 重车时, 摇枕向下运动, 中间楔 23与竖直弹性元件 40接触, 使竖直弹性元件 40 压缩, 此时竖直弹性元件 40对中间楔 23产生反力, 从而使中间楔 23对摩擦块 20产 生作用力, 使摩擦块 20与立柱磨耗板 70之间产生一定的压力, 并通过竖直弹性元件 40压缩, 实现减小车辆振动和冲击的目的。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种摇枕, 包括本体(10), 其特征在于, 所述本体(10) 的两端均具有用于安 装摩擦块(20) 的安装腔体(11), 所述安装腔体(11)具有相对设置的第一水 平开口 (11a) 和第二水平开口 (lib), 所述第一水平开口 (11a) 和所述第二 水平开口 (lib) 的开口方向均与所述本体 (10) 的延伸方向垂直设置。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的摇枕, 其特征在于, 所述本体 (10) 具有:
第一竖直开孔(12), 所述第一竖直开孔(12)与所述安装腔体(11)连通; 第二竖直开孔(13), 所述第二竖直开孔(13)与所述安装腔体(11)连通, 且所述第二竖直开孔 (13) 与所述第一竖直开孔 (12) 同轴设置, 所述摩擦块 (20)的一部分滑动设置在所述第一竖直开孔(12)和所述第二竖直开孔(13) 内。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的摇枕, 其特征在于, 所述第一竖直开孔 (12) 的直径大 于所述第二竖直开孔 (13) 的直径。
4. 一种摇枕减振组件, 包括摇枕和减振部, 其特征在于, 所述摇枕是权利要求 1 中所述的摇枕, 所述摇枕的本体(10)具有第一竖直开孔(12), 所述第一竖直 开孔(12) 与所述安装腔体(11)连通, 所述减振部包括摩擦块(20)、 水平弹 性元件 (30) 和竖直弹性元件 (40), 所述摩擦块 (20) 包括: 第一摩擦块(21),所述第一摩擦块(21)设置在所述摇枕的安装腔体(11) 内, 且所述第一摩擦块 (21) 的第一端伸出设置在所述安装腔体 (11) 的第一 水平开口 (11a) 处;
第二摩擦块(22), 所述第二摩擦块(22)设置在所述摇枕的所述安装腔体 (11) 内, 所述第二摩擦块 (22) 位于所述第一摩擦块 (21) 的延伸方向上, 且所述第二摩擦块 (22) 的第一端伸出设置在所述安装腔体 (11) 的第二水平 开口 (lib)处, 所述水平弹性元件(30)设置在所述第一摩擦块(21) 与所述 第二摩擦块 (22) 之间; 中间楔(23), 所述中间楔(23)设置在所述摇枕的所述安装腔体(11)内, 所述中间楔 (23) 位于所述第一摩擦块 (21) 和所述第二摩擦块 (22) 之间, 且所述中间楔 (23) 与所述第一摩擦块 (21) 和所述第二摩擦块 (22) 通过斜 面配合, 所述中间楔 (23) 的底端伸出设置在所述第一竖直开孔 (12) 处; 所述竖直弹性元件 (40) 为多个, 多个所述竖直弹性元件 (40) 排列设置 在所述摇枕的下方, 且至少一个所述竖直弹性元件(40)位于所述中间楔(23 ) 的底端的正下方。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的摇枕减振组件, 其特征在于, 所述水平弹性元件 (30) 包括:
第一水平弹性元件(31 ), 所述第一水平弹性元件(31 )抵接设置在所述第 一摩擦块 (21 ) 与所述中间楔 (23 ) 之间;
第二水平弹性元件(32), 所述第二水平弹性元件(32)抵接设置在所述第 二摩擦块 (22) 与所述中间楔 (23 ) 之间。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的摇枕减振组件, 其特征在于, 所述摇枕的所述本体( 10) 具有抵接板, 所述抵接板设置在所述安装腔体 (11 ) 内, 且所述抵接板与所述 中间楔 (23 ) 间隔设置, 所述水平弹性元件 (30) 包括: 第一水平弹性元件(31 ), 所述第一水平弹性元件(31 )抵接设置在所述第 一摩擦块 (21 ) 与所述抵接板之间;
第二水平弹性元件(32), 所述第二水平弹性元件(32)抵接设置在所述第 二摩擦块 (22) 与所述抵接板之间。
7. 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的摇枕减振组件, 其特征在于, 所述第一摩擦块(21 )具有第一容纳腔(21a), 所述第一容纳腔(21a) 的 开口朝向所述第二摩擦块 (22) 设置, 且所述第一水平弹性元件 (31 ) 的至少 一部分位于所述第一容纳腔 (21a) 内;
所述第二摩擦块(22)具有第二容纳腔(22a), 所述第二容纳腔(22a) 的 开口朝向所述第一摩擦块 (21 ) 设置, 且所述第二水平弹性元件 (32) 的至少 一部分位于所述第二容纳腔 (22a) 内。
8. 根据权利要求 4所述的摇枕减振组件, 其特征在于, 所述摇枕的本体 (10) 具 有第二竖直开孔 (13 ), 所述第二竖直开孔 (13 ) 与所述安装腔体 (11 ) 连通, 且所述第二竖直开孔 (13 ) 与所述第一竖直开孔 (12) 同轴设置, 所述中间楔
(23 ) 的两端滑动设置在所述第一竖直开孔 (12) 和所述第二竖直开孔 (13 ) 内。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的摇枕减振组件, 其特征在于, 所述减振部还包括: 摩擦套(50), 所述摩擦套(50)具有用于避让所述中间楔(23 ) 的第一避 让孔, 所述摩擦套(50)设置在所述第二竖直开孔(13 )处, 所述中间楔(23 ) 的顶端通过所述摩擦套(50)与所述摇枕的所述第二竖直开孔(13 )滑动连接; 止挡套(60), 所述止挡套(60)具有用于避让所述中间楔(23 ) 的第二避 让孔, 所述止挡套(60)设置在所述第一竖直开孔(12)处, 所述中间楔(23 ) 的底端伸出设置在所述止挡套(60)的所述第二避让孔处, 且所述止挡套(60) 具有用于止挡所述中间楔 (23 ) 的凸缘 (61 )。
10. 根据权利要求 4所述的摇枕减振组件, 其特征在于, 所述减振部还包括立柱磨 耗板 (70), 所述立柱磨耗板 (70) 为两个, 所述立柱磨耗板 (70) 固定设置, 且两个所述立柱磨耗板 (70) 中的一个所述立柱磨耗板 (70) 与所述第一摩擦 块 (21 ) 的第一端抵接, 两个所述立柱磨耗板 (70) 中的另一个所述立柱磨耗 板 (70) 与所述第二摩擦块 (22) 的第一端抵接。
11. 一种转向架, 包括侧架 (80) 和摇枕减振组件, 所述摇枕减振组件设置在所述 侧架(80)上, 其特征在于, 所述摇枕减振组件是权利要求 4至 10中任一项所 述的摇枕减振组件。
PCT/CN2014/081020 2013-11-27 2014-06-27 摇枕、摇枕减振组件和转向架 WO2015078180A1 (zh)

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US14/648,744 US10144437B2 (en) 2013-11-27 2014-06-27 Swing bolster, swing bolster vibration reduction assembly and bogie
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NZ708666A NZ708666A (en) 2013-11-27 2014-06-27 Swing bolster, swing bolster vibration-damping assembly and bogie
AU2014357218A AU2014357218B2 (en) 2013-11-27 2014-06-27 Bolster, bolster vibration-damping assembly and bogie
RU2015120699A RU2636633C2 (ru) 2013-11-27 2014-06-27 Люлька, амортизатор и вагонная тележка
BR112015012704-5A BR112015012704B1 (pt) 2013-11-27 2014-06-27 Conjunto de redução de vibração de travessa oscilante, e truque

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