WO2015078106A1 - 液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置 - Google Patents

液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015078106A1
WO2015078106A1 PCT/CN2014/071313 CN2014071313W WO2015078106A1 WO 2015078106 A1 WO2015078106 A1 WO 2015078106A1 CN 2014071313 W CN2014071313 W CN 2014071313W WO 2015078106 A1 WO2015078106 A1 WO 2015078106A1
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Prior art keywords
discharge pipe
heavy
pipe
storage tank
light
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Application number
PCT/CN2014/071313
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨云
杨公升
章青
李兵
闫景鹏
吴楠
片成荣
Original Assignee
中国海洋石油总公司
海洋石油工程股份有限公司
天津大学
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Publication of WO2015078106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015078106A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/021—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the height as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/041—Stratification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquefied natural gas storage tank, in particular to a liquid anti-rolling positioning filling and circulating device for a liquefied natural gas storage tank.
  • LNG is abbreviated as LNG.
  • the discharge flushing pipe has been in single or double inlet mode (Fig. 1), and the double inlet discharge pipe is in the form of main discharge pipe 1-1, heavy (high density LNG liquid discharge pipe) Pipe 4-1, light (low density LNG liquid discharge pipe) 5-1, and branch switch control valves 2-1, 3-1. Due to the different density of LNG in different producing areas and different batches, LNG will be stratified in the storage tank after the new LNG-segment time with different filling density and temperature. When the time is long, it will easily roll over. It is easy to cause tumbling, which poses a great threat to the safety of the tank and increases the cost of handling BOG (evaporation gas) generated by the tumbling.
  • BOG evaporation gas
  • the main object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a liquid anti-rolling positioning filling and circulating device for realizing high and low density liquid storage self-circulation, which can prevent liquid storage stratification and avoid rollover accidents. .
  • the liquid liquefaction storage tank liquid anti-rolling positioning filling and circulating device of the invention comprises a main discharge pipe, a heavy sub-discharging pipe connected with the main discharge pipe, and a light sub-discharging pipe,
  • the main discharge pipe is provided with a main control switch valve, and a heavy and light branch pipe switch control valve is respectively installed on the heavy sub-discharge pipe and the light sub-discharge pipe, and the heavy mass is divided into
  • the outlet end of the discharge pipe is connected with the inlets of the plurality of heavy material branch pipes, and the outlet end of the light distribution discharge pipe is connected with the inlets of the plurality of light material branch pipes, and is installed on each heavy and light material branch pipe
  • the multi-branch switch control valve is provided with a plurality of injection rings arranged in a horizontal direction from bottom to top in the liquefied natural gas storage tank, and a plurality of nozzles are arranged on each of the injection rings, and a plurality of The outlet end of the heavy
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of changing the top discharge pipe and the bottom discharge pipe of the conventional storage tank, adopting the layered discharge mode, and controlling the density according to the density, temperature and liquid level data collected by the measuring device through the device
  • the layer is discharged, and the liquid is passed through the nozzles connected to the filling tubes of the respective layers to enter the storage tank.
  • the LNG of different densities will be automatically mixed without obvious delamination, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of tumbling. Probability.
  • it can also realize high- and low-density liquid storage self-circulation through internal charging pipes and hydraulic pumps to prevent liquid storage stratification and rollover accidents.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an existing liquefied natural gas storage tank charging and circulating device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a liquid anti-rolling positioning filling and circulating device for a liquefied natural gas storage tank according to the present invention. detailed description The liquid liquefaction storage tank liquid anti-rolling positioning filling and circulating device of the present invention as shown in FIG.
  • the inlet of the material branch pipe is connected, and a plurality of branch switch control valves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are installed in each of the heavy and light material branch pipes in the LNG storage tank.
  • a plurality of injection rings 19 disposed in a horizontal direction are sequentially disposed from bottom to top, and a plurality of nozzles 20 are disposed on each of the injection rings, and an outlet end of the plurality of heavy material branch pipes is disposed at an upper portion
  • the plurality of injection rings are respectively connected in one-to-one correspondence, and the outlet ends of the plurality of light material branch pipes and the plurality of injection rings disposed at the lower portion are respectively One-to-one correspondence, a probe of a density and temperature tester 18 is installed at a horizontal position of each injection ring, and a liquid level gauge is installed on the liquefied natural gas storage tank, and the heavy-distribution discharge pipe 5 is installed on the liquefied natural gas storage tank.
  • An internal circulation switching pump 6 is mounted thereon.
  • the temperature and the density of the measuring point 21, that is, the density of the two adjacent probe positions of the temperature tester 18, the interval is generally between 1. 5-2. 8m.
  • the number of heavy and light material branch pipes connected to the heavy mass discharge pipe 5 and the light distribution discharge pipe 2 depends on the actual distribution of the temperature and density measurement points 21 in the storage tank.
  • the operation method of this device is as follows:
  • the liquid level, temperature and density data are measured, and the control valves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 can be controlled by the multi-branch switch. , precisely select the filling level layer. 5.
  • the density difference between any two temperature and density measuring points 21 in the LNG storage tank exceeds 5kg/m 3 and the temperature difference is greater than -14° C, the stratification is determined at this time, according to the two temperature and density measuring points 21 Position, select to open the corresponding multi-drop switch control valves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, for the cycle.
  • the LNG at the bottom of the tank is first pumped out.
  • the main control switch valve 4 should be closed to open the heavy and light branch switch control valves 7, 3 and the internal circulation switch pump 6 ( During installation, the inlet of the internal circulation switch pump 6 is connected to the light branch discharge pipe 2), and the control of each multi-branch switch control valve 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 to make the LNG liquid.
  • the bottom of the tank enters the injection ring 19 through the nozzle 20, flows into a plurality of light material branch pipes, and then enters the light branch discharge pipe 2 to the upper heavy mass discharge pipe 5, and finally re-injects into the tank through the upper nozzle 20. Complete the overall loop.
  • the level layer of the scoring layer is measured, and the switches of the multi-branch switch control valves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 are selectively controlled to perform a certain The circulation of the liquid level layer.
  • the cycle is performed to promote the mixing of LNG in the tank while speeding up the circulation to avoid tumbling.
  • liquid level and temperature in the tank can be used to control the filling level. , flow, speed.
  • the LNG density is calculated as (from the modified Klosek-McKinley method):
  • Xi is the molar concentration of a component
  • fi is the molecular weight of a component
  • ⁇ ' is the molar volume of a component at a particular temperature
  • , is a gas constant; is a value of nitrogen; is methane Value of .
  • the longitudinal displacement range of the liquid level measuring probe in the tank is continuously corrected to determine the exact position of the liquid level.
  • the calculation formula for the LNG tank capacity calculation is:
  • Vs Vt - tq + V2 + V 3 + V 4
  • Vs the storage capacity (m 3 );
  • Vt is the capacity of the LNG carrier (m 3 );
  • V 2 is a safety reserve (m 3 );
  • Vs is the seasonal peaking reserve (m 3 );
  • V 4 is the bottom residue (m 3 ); t is the unloading time (h);

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置，包括安装有主控开关阀（4）的主卸料管（1）、与主卸料管（1）相连通的安装有重质分支管开关控制阀（7）的重质分卸料管（5）以及安装有轻质分支管开关控制阀（3）的轻质分卸料管（2）。重质分卸料管（5）的出口端与安装有多支路开关控制阀（8, 9, 10, 11）的重质料支管的入口连通，轻质分卸料管（2）的出口端与安装有多支路开关控制阀（12, 13, 14, 15, 16）的轻质料支管的入口连通。在液化天然气储罐内间隔安装有喷注环（19），在每一个喷注环（19）上均设置有多个喷头（20），重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的喷注环分别一一对应连通。该装置具有翻滚发生概率低的优点。

Description

液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液化天然气储罐，特别涉及液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注 与循环装置。 背景技术
液化天然气简称 LNG， 随着我国进口 LNG量的快速增长， LNG接收站的储罐 作为接卸、储存和外输 LNG的设施， 扮演重要的角色。接收站通常按照连续生产 运行的方式进行设计， 一旦投入运营， LNG储罐就不可能倒空储存 LNG。 已有卸 料冲注管为单入或双入形式（如图 1 )，双入卸料管形式由主卸料管 1-1，重质（密 度较大的 LNG液体卸料管道） 分卸料管 4-1、 轻质 （密度较小的 LNG液体卸料管 道） 5-1， 以及支管开关控制阀 2-1、 3-1组成。 由于不同产地、 不同批次的 LNG 密度不同， 在充装密度、 温度都不同的新 LNG—段时间后， LNG在储罐内将产生 分层， 时间较长时容易产生翻滚，时间较长时容易产生翻滚， 对储罐的安全造成 极大的威胁， 也增加处理翻滚产生的 BOG (蒸发气体）的费用。
专利号为 W0 2009/011497的专利公开的卸料为储罐顶部卸料和底部卸料方 式， 不能具体控制卸料液位层。 《天然气工业》， 第 28卷第 5期， 作者为王良军、 刘扬发表的"大型储罐内 LNG翻滚机理和预防措施"中的图四的循环装置为独立 循环装置， 没有与卸料装置集成。 发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服已有技术的不足，提供一种实现高低密度储液自 循环，可以预防储液分层、避免翻滚事故发生的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位 充注与循环装置。
本发明的目的是由以下技术方案实现的： 本发明的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置，它包括主卸料 管、与所述的主卸料管相连通的重质分卸料管以及轻质分卸料管，在所述的主卸 料管上安装有主控开关阀，在所述的重质分卸料管、轻质分卸料管上分别安装有 重质、轻质分支管开关控制阀， 重质分卸料管的出口端与多个重质料支管的入口 连通， 轻质分卸料管的出口端与多个轻质料支管的入口连通， 在每一个重质、轻 质料支管上均安装有多支路开关控制阀，在液化天然气储罐内从下至上依次间隔 安装有多个沿水平方向设置的喷注环，在每一个所述的喷注环上均设置有多个喷 头， 多个重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通， 多 个轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，在每一个 喷注环的水平位置上分别安装有密度、温度测试仪的探头，在所述的液化天然气 储罐上安装有液位计， 在重质分卸料管上安装有内循环开关泵。
本发明的有益效果： 改变以往储罐顶部卸料管和底部卸料管方式，采用分层 卸料方式， 根据测量装置采集到的密度、温度、 液位数据， 通过本装置进行可控 的分层卸料， 储液通过各层充注管所连接的喷头， 进入到储罐。在储罐投入运营 后，当所卸的 LNG密度与储罐内的 LNG密度不同时，采用本装置，不同密度的 LNG 将自动混合，不会产生明显的分层，进而极大地降低了翻滚发生的概率。另外也可 以通过内部充注管道、 液压泵， 实现高低密度储液自循环， 预防储液分层、 发生 翻滚事故发生。 附图说明
图 1是已有的液化天然气储罐充注与循环装置的结构示意图；
图 2 是本发明的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置的结构示 意图。 具体实施方式 如图 2所示的本发明的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置，它 包括主卸料管 1、 与所述的主卸料管 1相连通的重质分卸料管 5以及轻质分卸料 管 2， 在所述的主卸料管 1上安装有主控开关阀 4， 在所述的重质分卸料管 5、 轻质分卸料管 2上分别安装有重质、 轻质分支管开关控制阀 7、 3， 重质分卸料 管 5的出口端与多个重质料支管 17的入口连通， 轻质分卸料管 2的出口端与多 个轻质料支管的入口连通，在每一个重质、轻质料支管上均安装有多支路开关控 制阀 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16， 在液化天然气储罐内从下至上依次 间隔安装有多个沿水平方向设置的喷注环 19， 在每一个所述的喷注环上均设置 有多个喷头 20， 多个重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别一一 对应连通，多个轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连 通， 在每一个喷注环的水平位置上分别安装有密度、 温度测试仪 18的探头， 在 所述的液化天然气储罐上安装有液位计，在重质分卸料管 5上安装有内循环开关 泵 6。
温度、密度测点 21即密度、温度测试仪 18的相邻的两个探头位置， 一般可 选择间隔为 1. 5-2. 8m之间。
与重质分卸料管 5、 轻质分卸料管 2相连的重质、 轻质料支管数目， 依据储 槽内温度、 密度测点 21实际分布情况而定。
本装置的操作方法如下：
1.将轻质 LNG充注到重质 LNG的贮槽中时， 采取轻质分卸料管 2充注； 3.将重质 LNG充注到已含有轻质 LNG贮槽中时，一般采取通过上分支， 重质 分卸料管 5充注。另外当充注 LNG液体较少或原有储存液体较少时，采取下分支， 轻质分卸料管 2充注；
4.根据温度、 密度测试仪 18和液位计， 测得液位、 温度、 密度数据， 可通 过控制多支路开关控制阀 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16， 精确的选择充 注液位层。 5.当 LNG储罐内任何两个温度、 密度测点 21的密度差超过 5kg/m3， 并且温 差大于 -14° C时， 此时认定为发生分层， 根据两温度、 密度测点 21位置， 选择 开启相应多支路开关控制阀 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16， 进行打循环。
6.储罐一旦产生分层后， 首先泵出储罐底部的 LNG， 应采用通过关闭主控开 关阀 4， 开启重质、 轻质分支管开关控制阀 7、 3， 内循环开关泵 6 (安装时内循 环开关泵 6的进口连通轻质分卸料管 2)， 以及控制各个多支路开关控制阀 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16， 使 LNG液体从储罐底部通过喷头 20进入喷注环 19，流入多个轻质料支管，随后进入轻质分卸料管 2循环至上部重质分卸料管 5， 最后通过上部喷头 20重新注入罐内， 完成整体循环。 或根据温度、 密度测试仪 18测得分层液位层， 有选择性控制各个多支路开关控制阀 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16 的开关， 进行某一液位层的循环。 进行循环作业， 以促进储罐 内 LNG的混合， 同时使循环速度加快， 避免发生翻滚。
采用本装置的工作原理为：
根据所测得需装卸的 LNG密度与储槽中原有的 LNG密度、液位、温度（根据 温度、 密度测试仪 18和液位计测得）， 可有选择性的分层控制充注液位、 流量、 速度。
LNG密度的计算公式为（自修改后的 Klosek-McKinley方法推出）：
Figure imgf000006_0001
式中： Xi为某种组分的摩尔浓度； fi为某种组分的分子量； ζ'为某种组分 在特定温度下的摩尔体积； 、 为气体常数； 为氮的 ·值； 为甲烷的 ·值。
根据罐容计算不断修正液位测量探头在罐内纵向的移动位移范围，以确定 液位准确位置， LNG罐容计算的计算公式为：
Vs = Vt - tq + V2 + V3 + V4 式中 Vs为储存能力 (m3);
Vt为 LNG运输船船容 (m3);
V2为安全储备 (m3);
Vs为季节调峰储备 (m3);
V4为罐底残液 (m3); t为卸船时间（h);
^为卸船时的管线外输送量 ( 。
层与层之间的传热和传质的的平衡方程为:
h,P, , D qh, + Κ,_, {θ^ - ) - Κ, (θ1 - θ1+1 ) at D
式中： 为不同分层高度 （m)， i= 1， …， n; ?为不同分层内 LNG密度 （kg/m3)， i= 1， …， n; 为不同分层内 LNG 比热容 （J / ( kg * °C) ); i= 1， 为不同分层内 LNG温度（°C)， i= 1， ···， n; ί为时间 （s); 为储罐直径 （m);
^7为从储罐侧面传入的热流密度 （W/m2); ϋ为不同分层面 LNG传热系数 （W/ (m2 - °C))， i= 1， 在罐内压力恒定时， 顶层饱和温度是甲烷摩尔分数的函数:
M„ ,. dt
式中 为不同分层高度 （m)， i= 1， ···， n; ?为不同分层内 LNG密度 （kg/m3)， i= 1， ···， n;
为甲烷相对分子质量；
不同分层内 LNG相对分子质量， i= 1， …， n;
«7为蒸发速率 /(!112 * 8)) ;
为不同分层内甲烷摩尔分数， i= 1， …， n;
^为不同分层面甲烷质量传递率 (kg/ (m2 * s))， i= 1， ···， n— 1。

Claims

权利要求
1.液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置， 它包括主卸料管、 与所述的主卸料 管相连通的重质分卸料管以及轻质分卸料管， 其特征在于： 在所述的主卸料管上安装有主 控开关阀， 在所述的重质分卸料管、 轻质分卸料管上分别安装有重质、 轻质分支管开关控 制阀， 重质分卸料管的出口端与多个重质料支管的入口连通， 轻质分卸料管的出口端与多 个轻质料支管的入口连通， 在每一个重质、 轻质料支管上均安装有多支路开关控制阀， 在 液化天然气储罐内从下至上依次间隔安装有多个沿水平方向设置的喷注环， 在每一个所述 的喷注环上均设置有多个喷头， 多个重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别 一一对应连通， 多个轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通， 在每一个喷注环的水平位置上分别安装有密度、 温度测试仪的探头， 在所述的液化天然气 储罐上安装有液位计， 在重质分卸料管上安装有内循环开关泵。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置， 其特征在 于： 所述的密度、 温度测试仪的相邻的两个探头之间的间隔为 1. 5-2. 8m。
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