CN103644454A - 液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置 - Google Patents

液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置 Download PDF

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CN103644454A
CN103644454A CN201310632382.5A CN201310632382A CN103644454A CN 103644454 A CN103644454 A CN 103644454A CN 201310632382 A CN201310632382 A CN 201310632382A CN 103644454 A CN103644454 A CN 103644454A
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discharge pipe
heavy
lng
natural gas
branch pipe
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CN103644454B (zh
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杨云
杨公升
章青
李兵
闫景鹏
吴楠
片成荣
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Tianjin University
China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
Offshore Oil Engineering Co Ltd
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Tianjin University
China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
Offshore Oil Engineering Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/021—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the height as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
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    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/041—Stratification
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置,它包括主卸料管、与主卸料管相连通的重质分卸料管以及轻质分卸料管，在主卸料管上安装有主控开关阀，在重质分卸料管、轻质分卸料管上分别安装有重质、轻质分支管开关控制阀，重质分卸料管的出口端与重质料支管的入口连通，轻质分卸料管的出口端与轻质料支管的入口连通，在每一个重质、轻质料支管上均安装有多支路开关控制阀，在液化天然气储罐内间隔安装有喷注环，在每一个喷注环上均设置有多个喷头，重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的喷注环分别一一对应连通。采用本装置极大地降低了翻滚发生的概率。

Description

液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液化天然气储罐,特别涉及液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置。
背景技术
液化天然气简称LNG，随着我国进口LNG量的快速增长，LNG接收站的储罐作为接卸、储存和外输LNG的设施，扮演重要的角色。接收站通常按照连续生产运行的方式进行设计，一旦投入运营，LNG储罐就不可能倒空储存LNG。已有卸料冲注管为单入或双入形式（如图1），双入卸料管形式由主卸料管1-1，重质（密度较大的LNG液体卸料管道）分卸料管4-1、轻质（密度较小的LNG液体卸料管道）5-1，以及支管开关控制阀2-1、3-1组成。由于不同产地、不同批次的LNG密度不同，在充装密度、温度都不同的新LNG一段时间后，LNG在储罐内将产生分层，时间较长时容易产生翻滚,时间较长时容易产生翻滚，对储罐的安全造成极大的威胁，也增加处理翻滚产生的BOG(蒸发气体)的费用。
专利号为WO 2009/011497的专利公开的卸料为储罐顶部卸料和底部卸料方式，不能具体控制卸料液位层。《天然气工业》，第28卷第5期，作者为王良军、刘扬发表的“大型储罐内LNG翻滚机理和预防措施”中的图四的循环装置为独立循环装置，没有与卸料装置集成。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服已有技术的不足，提供一种实现高低密度储液自循环，可以预防储液分层、避免翻滚事故发生的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置。
本发明的目的是由以下技术方案实现的:
本发明的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置,它包括主卸料管、与所述的主卸料管相连通的重质分卸料管以及轻质分卸料管，在所述的主卸料管上安装有主控开关阀，在所述的重质分卸料管、轻质分卸料管上分别安装有重质、轻质分支管开关控制阀，重质分卸料管的出口端与多个重质料支管的入口连通，轻质分卸料管的出口端与多个轻质料支管的入口连通，在每一个重质、轻质料支管上均安装有多支路开关控制阀，在液化天然气储罐内从下至上依次间隔安装有多个沿水平方向设置的喷注环，在每一个所述的喷注环上均设置有多个喷头，多个重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，多个轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，在每一个喷注环的水平位置上分别安装有密度、温度测试仪的探头，在所述的液化天然气储罐上安装有液位计，在重质分卸料管上安装有内循环开关泵。
本发明的有益效果:改变以往储罐顶部卸料管和底部卸料管方式,采用分层卸料方式，根据测量装置采集到的密度、温度、液位数据，通过本装置进行可控的分层卸料，储液通过各层充注管所连接的喷头，进入到储罐。在储罐投入运营后,当所卸的LNG密度与储罐内的LNG密度不同时,采用本装置,不同密度的LNG将自动混合,不会产生明显的分层,进而极大地降低了翻滚发生的概率。另外也可以通过内部充注管道、液压泵，实现高低密度储液自循环，预防储液分层、发生翻滚事故发生。
附图说明
图1是已有的液化天然气储罐充注与循环装置的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图2所示的本发明的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置,它包括主卸料管1、与所述的主卸料管1相连通的重质分卸料管5以及轻质分卸料管2，在所述的主卸料管1上安装有主控开关阀4，在所述的重质分卸料管5、轻质分卸料管2上分别安装有重质、轻质分支管开关控制阀7、3，重质分卸料管5的出口端与多个重质料支管17的入口连通，轻质分卸料管2的出口端与多个轻质料支管的入口连通，在每一个重质、轻质料支管上均安装有多支路开关控制阀8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16，在液化天然气储罐内从下至上依次间隔安装有多个沿水平方向设置的喷注环19，在每一个所述的喷注环上均设置有多个喷头20，多个重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，多个轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，在每一个喷注环的水平位置上分别安装有密度、温度测试仪18的探头，在所述的液化天然气储罐上安装有液位计，在重质分卸料管5上安装有内循环开关泵6。
温度、密度测点21即密度、温度测试仪18的相邻的两个探头位置，一般可选择间隔为1.5-2.8m之间。
与重质分卸料管5、轻质分卸料管2相连的重质、轻质料支管数目，依据储槽内温度、密度测点21实际分布情况而定。
本装置的操作方法如下：
1.将轻质LNG充注到重质LNG的贮槽中时，采取轻质分卸料管2充注；
3.将重质LNG充注到已含有轻质LNG贮槽中时，一般采取通过上分支，重质分卸料管5充注。另外当充注LNG液体较少或原有储存液体较少时，采取下分支，轻质分卸料管2充注；
4.根据温度、密度测试仪18和液位计，测得液位、温度、密度数据，可通过控制多支路开关控制阀8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16，精确的选择充注液位层。
5.当LNG储罐内任何两个温度、密度测点21的密度差超过5kg/m3，并且温差大于-14℃时，此时认定为发生分层，根据两温度、密度测点21位置，选择开启相应多支路开关控制阀8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16，进行打循环。
6.储罐一旦产生分层后，首先泵出储罐底部的LNG，应采用通过关闭主控开关阀4，开启重质、轻质分支管开关控制阀7、3，内循环开关泵6（安装时内循环开关泵6的进口连通轻质分卸料管2），以及控制各个多支路开关控制阀8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16，使LNG液体从储罐底部通过喷头20进入喷注环19，流入多个轻质料支管，随后进入轻质分卸料管2循环至上部重质分卸料管5，最后通过上部喷头20重新注入罐内，完成整体循环。或根据温度、密度测试仪18测得分层液位层，有选择性控制各个多支路开关控制阀8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16的开关，进行某一液位层的循环。进行循环作业，以促进储罐内LNG的混合，同时使循环速度加快，避免发生翻滚。
采用本装置的工作原理为：
根据所测得需装卸的LNG密度与储槽中原有的LNG密度、液位、温度（根据温度、密度测试仪18和液位计测得），可有选择性的分层控制充注液位、流量、速度。
LNG密度的计算公式为(自修改后的Klosek-McKinley方法推出)：
ρ = Σ X i M i Σ X i V i - [ K 1 + ( K 2 - K 1 ) X n 0.0425 ] X m
式中：Xi为某种组分的摩尔浓度；Mi为某种组分的分子量；Vi为某种组分在特定温度下的摩尔体积；K1、K2为气体常数；Xn为氮的Xi值；Xm为甲烷的Xi值。
根据罐容计算不断修正液位测量探头在罐内纵向的移动位移范围，以确定液位准确位置，LNG罐容计算的计算公式为：
Vs=Vt-tq+V2+V3+V4
式中Vs为储存能力(m3)；
Vt为LNG运输船船容(m3)；
V2为安全储备(m3)；
V3为季节调峰储备(m3)；
V4为罐底残液(m3)；
t为卸船时间(h)；
q为卸船时的管线外输送量(m3/h)。
层与层之间的传热和传质的的平衡方程为：
h i ρ i c i d θ i dt = 4 D q h i + K i - 1 ( θ i - 1 - θ i ) - K i ( θ i - θ i + 1 )
式中：hi为不同分层高度（m），i=1，…，n；
ρ为不同分层内LNG密度（kg／m3），i=1，…，n；
ci为不同分层内LNG比热容（J／(kg·℃)）；i=1，…，n；
θi为不同分层内LNG温度(℃)，i=1，…，n；
t为时间（s）；
D为储罐直径（m）；
q为从储罐侧面传入的热流密度（W／m2）；
Ki为不同分层面LNG传热系数（W／(m2·℃）），i=1，…，n-1。
在罐内压力恒定时，顶层饱和温度是甲烷摩尔分数的函数：
h i ρ i M i M r , i · d x i dt = k i - 1 ( x i - 1 - x i ) - m
式中hi为不同分层高度（m），i=1，…，n；
ρ为不同分层内LNG密度（kg／m3），i=1，…，n；
Mi为甲烷相对分子质量；
Mr,i不同分层内LNG相对分子质量，i=1，…，n；
m为蒸发速率(k/(m2·s))；
xi为不同分层内甲烷摩尔分数，i=1，…，n；
ki为不同分层面甲烷质量传递率(kg／(m2·s))，i=1，…，n-1。

Claims (2)

1.液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置，它包括主卸料管、与所述的主卸料管相连通的重质分卸料管以及轻质分卸料管，其特征在于：在所述的主卸料管上安装有主控开关阀，在所述的重质分卸料管、轻质分卸料管上分别安装有重质、轻质分支管开关控制阀，重质分卸料管的出口端与多个重质料支管的入口连通，轻质分卸料管的出口端与多个轻质料支管的入口连通，在每一个重质、轻质料支管上均安装有多支路开关控制阀，在液化天然气储罐内从下至上依次间隔安装有多个沿水平方向设置的喷注环，在每一个所述的喷注环上均设置有多个喷头，多个重质料支管的出口端与设置在上部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，多个轻质料支管的出口端与设置在下部的多个喷注环分别一一对应连通，在每一个喷注环的水平位置上分别安装有密度、温度测试仪的探头，在所述的液化天然气储罐上安装有液位计，在重质分卸料管上安装有内循环开关泵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液化天然气储罐液体防翻滚定位充注与循环装置，其特征在于：所述的密度、温度测试仪的相邻的两个探头之间的间隔为1.5-2.8m。
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