Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G71/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a ureide or urethane link, otherwise, than from isocyanate radicals in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G71/02—Polyureas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
  • C08G12/46—Block or graft polymers prepared by polycondensation of aldehydes or ketones on to macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
  • C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
  • C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C08G65/33303—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing amino group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
  • C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C08G65/33396—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen having oxygen in addition to nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
  • C09D161/22—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
  • C09D161/24—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds with urea or thiourea
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/02—Polyureas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2650/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G2650/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type
  • C08G2650/50—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type containing nitrogen, e.g. polyetheramines or Jeffamines(r)

Definitions

• the instant invention relates to a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, a crosslinked composition, a coating composition, articles comprising the coating composition and method for making a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition.
• Low molecular weight polymers e.g., having molecular weights of 200 to 2,000 daltons
• amine-functionality also referred to as polyamines
• Such formulations cure very fast at ambient conditions and provide coatings with superior properties but have short pot-life. Further, such formulations are toxic and generally are expensive.
• the instant invention is a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, a crosslinked composition, a coating composition, articles comprising the coating composition and method for making a nonaqueous crosslinkable composition.
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition
• a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition comprising: a polyurea having a functionality of equal to or greater than 2; an aldehyde or acetal or hemiacetal thereof; and optionally one or more organic solvents.
• the instant invention is a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, a crosslinked composition, a coating composition, articles comprising the coating composition and method for making a nonaqueous crosslinkable composition.
• non-aqueous crosslinkable composition means a crosslinkable composition in which the polymer is not dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase.
• the non-aqueous crosslinkable composition according to the present invention comprises a polyurea having a functionality of equal to or greater than 2; an aldehyde or acetal or hemiacetal thereof; and optionally one or more organic solvents.
• the instant invention further provides a crosslinked composition produced by crosslinking the non-aqueous crosslinkable composition according to any embodiment disclosed herein.
• the instant invention further provides a coating composition comprising a crosslinked composition according to any embodiment disclosed herein.
• the instant invention further provides an article comprising a substrate and a coating composition, according to any embodiment disclosed herein, coated onto at least one surface of the substrate.
• the instant invention further provides a method for making a nonaqueous crosslinkable composition
• a method for making a nonaqueous crosslinkable composition comprising selecting a polyurea having a functionality of at least 2; selecting an aldehyde or acetal or hemiacetal thereof; and optionally selecting at least one or more solvents; admixing the foregoing components, thereby producing said crosslinkable composition.
• Any polyurea having a functionality of equal to or greater than 2 may be used in
• Ri and R 2 contain from 2 to 500 carbon atoms. Ri and R 2 may contain the same or different number of carbon atoms. All individual values from 2 to 500 carbon atoms are disclosed herein and included herein.
• the number of carbon atoms in Ri and R 2 may range from a lower limit of 2, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, or 425 to an upper limit of 50, 125, 200, 275, 325, 400, 475 or 500.
• the number of carbon atoms in Ri and R 2 may be from 2 to 500, or in the alternative, from 2 to 250, or in the alternative, from 250 to 500, or in the alternative, from 100 to 400.
• the polyurea can be prepared by any method, such as the reaction of a polyamine with urea or an alkyl carbamate (such as methyl carbamate).
• a multitude of functional groups can be present in the Ri group of the polyurea, including, but not limited to, ester, olefin, hydroxyl, amide, ether groups or a combination of any two or more thereof.
• the polyurea can be prepared from the reaction of a polyether amine with urea.
• An example of a suitable polyether amine is a polyoxypropylene triamine, as illustrated below, wherein A represents the nucleus of an
• oxyalkylation susceptible trihydric alcohol containing from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms and the sum of x + y + z is from about 4 to about 100.
• the average molecular weight of the polyoxypropylene triamine shown above will be from about 200 to about 5000.
• An example of such a product is a commercial product
• JEFF AMINETM T-403 having an average molecular weight of about 400, wherein A represents a trimethylol propane nucleus containing 6 carbon atoms and the sum of x + y + z is from about 5 to 6.
• the polyurea can be prepared from the reaction of a cycloaliphatic diamine (such as isophorone diamine) with urea.
• a cycloaliphatic diamine such as isophorone diamine
• RI is selected from the group of polymers consisting of polyolefms, poly(acrylates), polyamides, polyesters, and polyethers.
• Aldehydes include mono-aldehydes and polyaldehydes.
• Exemplary mono-aldehydes include cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde.
• polyaldehyde means a molecule containing two or more aldehyde groups or their hydrates, or their acetals or hemiacetals, wherein the molecule is capable of performing as described herein and is capable of reacting with the polyurea during the invention curing step so as to form the invention crosslinked polyurea.
• the aldehyde is a dialdehyde.
• the polyaldehyde of the present invention comprises one or more cyclic, nonaromatic polyaldehydes or one or more aromatic polyaldehydes.
• the polyaldehyde comprises one or more cyclic, nonaromatic polyaldehydes having from 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, and may consist essentially of one or more cyclic, nonaromatic polyaldehydes having from 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms.
• each cyclic, nonaromatic polyaldehyde in the crosslinkable composition independently has from 5 to 12 ring carbon atoms, and, even more preferably, is a mixture of (cis,trans)-l,4-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehydes and (cis,trans)-l,3-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehydes.
• the polyaldehyde may comprise one or more acyclic, straight or branched polyaldehyde having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
• each of the one or more acyclic, straight or branched polyaldehydes having 16 carbon atoms or more is prepared by hydroformylating a substantially water insoluble multi-olefin-containing compound that is derived from a fatty acid ester or, more preferably, a seed oil.
• each of the one or more acyclic, straight or branched polyaldehydes having 16 carbon atoms or more is prepared by hydroformylating a multi-olefin-containing oligomer or polymer.
• the multi-olefin-containing compound that is derived from the seed oil is a multi-olefin-containing fatty acid triglyceride having 48 carbon atoms or more.
• Suitable cyclic polyaldehydes are trans-l,3-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde; cis- 1 ,3-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde; trans- 1 ,4-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde; cis- 1 ,4- cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde; a mixture of 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehydes and 1,4- cyclohexanedicarboxaldehydes, preferably a 1-to-l mixture thereof; exo,exo-2,5- norbornanedicarboxaldehyde; exo,exo-2,6-norbornanedicarboxaldehyde; exo,endo-2,5- norbornanedicarboxaldehyde; exo,endo-2,6-norbornanedicarboxaldehyde; endo,endo-2,5
• the polyaldehyde has a solubility in water of from 0.015 to 0.20 gram of polyaldehyde per milliliter of water at 25 °C, or in the alternative, up to 0.15 gram, or, preferably, 0.03 gram or more. In an alternative embodiment, the polyaldehyde has greater water solubility, such as glyoxal or glutaraldehyde.
• the polyaldehyde is chosen from a C 5 to Cn alicyclic or aromatic dialdehyde, or, in the alternative, a C 6 to C 10 alicyclic or aromatic dialdehyde, such as, for example, (cis,trans)-l,4-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehydes, (cis,trans)-l,3-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehydes and mixtures thereof.
• any acid catalyst having a pK a of less than 7 may be used in embodiments of the invention. All individual values and subranges from less than 7 are included herein and disclosed herein.
• the acid catalyst may have a pK a of less than 7, or in the alternative, less than 6.5 or in the alternative, less than 6, or in the alternative, less than 5.5, or in the alternative, less than 5, or in the alternative, less than 4.5, or in the alternative, less than 4.
• Exemplary acid catalysts include p- toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), trifluoroacetic acid, and the like.
• acid catalysts are Lewis acids (e.g., boron trifluoride etherate) and protic acids (i.e., Bronsted acids).
• the acid catalyst comprises a protic acid.
• the acid catalyst is an inorganic protic acid such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid, or an organic protic acid such as carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, or sulfonic acid.
• Exemplary carboxylic acids include acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and propionic acid.
• An exemplary phosphonic acid is methylphosphonic acid.
• Exemplary sulfonic acids include methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, a camphorsulfonic acid; para-toluenesulfonic acid, and
• dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid examples include A1C1 3 ;
• benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBAC); Cu(0 3 SCF 3 ) 2 ; (CH 3 ) 2 BrS + Br ⁇ ; FeCl 3 (e.g., FeCl 3
• HBF 4 BF 3 .0(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 ; TiCl 4 ; SnCl 4 ; CrCl 2 ; NiCl 2 ; and Pd(OC(0)CH 3 ) 2 .
• the acid catalyst can be unsupported (no solid support) or supported, i.e. covalently bonded to a solid support.
• supported triggering agents are supported curing catalysts such as supported acid catalysts such as acid (H + ) forms of cation exchange-type polymer resins (e.g., ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[ 1 -[difluoro[(l ,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)oxy]methyl]- 1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoroe thoxy]- 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-, polymer with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene sold under trade name NAFION NR50 (E. I.
• ethenylbenzenesulfonic acid polymer with diethenylbenzene sold as AMBERLYSTTM 15 (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich., USA.).
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, method of producing the same, a crosslinked composition made therefrom, a coating composition comprising the crosslinked composition, and articles comprising the coating composition, in accordance with any of the preceding embodiments, except that the non-aqueous crosslinkable composition further comprises an acid catalyst having pKa of less than 7.
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, method of producing the same, a crosslinked composition made therefrom, a coating composition comprising the crosslinked composition, and articles comprising the coating
• non-aqueous crosslinkable composition in accordance with any of the preceding embodiments, except that the non-aqueous crosslinkable composition further comprises a curing inhibitor.
• Curing inhibitors include one or more selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols and mixtures thereof.
• Alcohols useful as curing agents include, for example, alkanols having from 1 to 12 carbons. In a particular
• the curing inhibitor comprises a primary alkanol.
• the curing inhibitor may be used to delay onset of or increasing length of time of curing or both of the compositions until such time that curing is desirable, and can be removed from the composition (e.g., by evaporation), thereby initiating or increasing rate of curing thereof.
• Suitable curing inhibitors have a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of at most 300 °C, or in the alternative, at most 250 °C, or in the alternative, at most 200 °C.
• the curing inhibitor is present in an amount of from 0.5 wt % to 90 wt % based on the total weight of solids in the composition, or, in the alternative, at most 60 wt %, or in the alternative, at most 50 wt %.
• the curing inhibitor concentration is at least 1 wt%, based on the total weight of solids in the composition, or in the alternative, at least 2 wt %.
• the curing inhibitor can enable the composition to maintain, if desired, a long pot life (e.g., 14 days or longer), and then, when curing is desired, can be removed (e.g., by evaporation) from the invention composition so as to enable the curing and drying to touch of the resulting invention composition in a comparable amount of time as curing and drying to touch time of a same invention composition except lacking the curing inhibitor and enabling the resulting cured and dried coating thereof to exhibit a comparable degree of hardness as a cured and dried coating prepared from the same invention composition except lacking the curing inhibitor.
• the curing inhibitor is one or more alkanols present at a concentration of from 0.5 wt % to 50 wt %, based on the total weight of solids in the composition, or in the alternative, at most 20 wt %, or in the alternative, at most 10 wt %. In one embodiment, the curing inhibitor is one or more alkanols present at a concentration of at least 1 wt %, based on the total weight of solids in the composition, or in the alternative at least 2 wt %.
• the curing inhibitor is water present at a concentration of from 0.5 wt % to 40 wt %, based on the total weight of solids in the composition, or in the alternative, at most 20 wt %, or in the alternative, at most 10 wt %. In one embodiment, the curing inhibitor is water present at a concentration of from least 1 wt %, based on the total weight of solids in the composition, or in the alternative at least 2 wt %. In yet another embodiment, the curing inhibitor comprises a combination of water and alkanol.
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, method of producing the same, a crosslinked composition made therefrom, a coating composition comprising the crosslinked composition, and articles comprising the coating composition, in accordance with any of the preceding embodiments, except that the crosslinkable composition is capable of reacting to cure at a temperature of equal to or less than 80 °C to form a crosslinked composition. All individual values and subranges from equal to or less than 80 °C are included herein and disclosed herein.
• the crosslinkable composition is capable of reacting to cure at a temperature of equal to or less than 80 °C, or in the alternative, at a temperature of equal to or less than 60 °C, or in the alternative, at a temperature of equal to or less than 40 °C, or in the alternative, at a temperature of equal to or less than 20 °C.
• the crosslinkable composition is capable of reacting to cure at a temperature of equal to or greater than 0 °C, or in the alternative, at a temperature of equal to or greater than 10 °C, or in the alternative, at a temperature of equal to or greater than 20 °C, or in the alternative, at a temperature of equal to or greater than 30 °C, or in the alternative, at a temperature of equal to or greater than 40 °C.
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, method of producing the same, a crosslinked composition made therefrom, a coating composition comprising the crosslinked composition, and articles comprising the coating composition, in accordance with any of the preceding embodiments, except that the crosslinkable composition has an aldehyde group to urea group molar ratio from 0.5: 1 to 2: 1.
• the aldehyde group to urea group molar ratio can range from a lower limit of 0.5: 1, 0.9: 1 , 1.3 : 1 , or 1.7: 1 to an upper limit of 0.6: 1, 1 : 1, 1.4: 1, 1.8: 1 or 2: 1.
• the aldehyde group to urea group molar ratio of the crosslinkable composition can range from 0.5: 1 to 2: 1, or in the alternative, from 0.5: 1 to 1 : 1 , or in the alternative, from 1 : 1 to 2: 1 , or in the alternative, from 0.75 : 1 to 1.75 : 1.
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, method of producing the same, a crosslinked composition made therefrom, a coating composition comprising the crosslinked composition, and articles comprising the coating
• polyaldehyde is a mixture of (cis,trans)-l,4-cyclohexanedicarboxaldehydes, (cis,trans)-l,3- cy clohexanedicarboxaldehy des .
• suitable organic solvents are non-polar or polar organic solvents such as, for example, an alkane (e.g., a (C 6 -Ci 2 )alkane), aromatic (e.g., a (C6-Ci 2 )aromatics), ether (e.g., (C 2 - Ci 2 )ether), carboxylic ester (e.g., a (C 2 -Ci 2 )carboxylic ester), ketone (e.g., a (C3-Ci 2 )ketone), secondary or tertiary carboxamide (e.g., a secondary or tertiary (C 3 -Ci 2 )carboxamide), sulfoxide (e.g., a (C 2 -Ci 2 )sulfoxide), or a mixture of two or more thereof.
• an alkane e.g., a (C 6 -Ci 2 )alkane
• aromatic e.g.,
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, method of producing the same, a crosslinked composition made therefrom, a coating composition comprising the crosslinked composition, and articles comprising the coating
• the crosslinked composition further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of rheology modifiers, wetting agents, leveling agents, flow additives, stabilizers, surfactants, pigments, dispersants, and waxes.
• additives selected from the group consisting of rheology modifiers, wetting agents, leveling agents, flow additives, stabilizers, surfactants, pigments, dispersants, and waxes.
• the instant invention provides a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition, method of producing the same, a crosslinked composition made therefrom, a coating composition comprising the crosslinked composition, and articles comprising the coating
• composition in accordance with any of the preceding embodiments, except that the coating is a wood coating or a metal coating.
• crosslinked composition according to embodiments of the invention may be used for a variety of end uses, including for example, in structural components, elastomers, sealants, adhesives, films and foams.
• the invention provide a non-aqueous crosslinkable composition consisting essentially of a polyurea having a functionality of equal to or greater than 2; an aldehyde or acetal or hemiacetal thereof; and optionally one or more organic solvents.
• the instant invention further provides a coating composition consisting essentially of a crosslinked composition according to any embodiment disclosed herein.
• Polyurea Preparation Polyurea was prepared by the reaction of a polyetheramine and urea.
• JEFF AMINE T-403 is a
• trifunctional primary amine having an average molecular weight of approximately 440 g/mole, with its amine groups located on secondary carbon atoms at the ends of aliphatic polyether chains.
• Urea having a formula weight of 60.06 g/mol was commercially obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. 300g (1.905 moles NH 2 ) JEFF AMINE T-403 and 126 g (2.0955 moles, 10% excess) urea were loaded into a 3-necked 1000 mL round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, Dean-Stark trap, condenser, heating mantle and nitrogen bubbler system. The system was flushed with nitrogen and the temperature was slowly brought to 110 °C.
• JEFFAMINE T-403 was titrated using 0.5N HCl (in methanol) and Bromophenol Blue indicator (2g JEFFAMINE T-403 in 75 mL of isopropanol should use about 25.4 mL of the HCl titrant).
• JEFFAMINE T3000 (a triamine of approximately 3000 molecular weight with a total amine of 0.94 meq/g), both of which are commercially available from Huntsman Corporation.
• the resulting JEFF AMINE XTJ-542 polyurea having an equivalent weight of 559.28 g eq/mole at 100% solids was used to prepare Inventive Examples 10-13 and Comparative Example 2.
• the resulting JEFF AMINE T3000 a triamine of approximately 3000 molecular weight with a total amine of 0.94 meq/g
• JEFF AMINE T3000 polyurea having an equivalent weight of 1113.5 g eq/mole at 100% solids, was used to prepare Inventive Example 14.
• PTSA p-toluenesulfonic acid
• the aldehydes used to prepare each of the Inventive Examples are as shown in Tables 1-4. No aldehydes were used in Comparative Examples 1-2.
• a Poplar board l/4in.x4in.x48in. was cut into 5inch lengths (5in.x4in.xl/4in.).
• Each board was coated three times with one of the exemplary coatings by using a foam brush. After each coat, the coating was allowed to dry for 1 day and then lightly sanded before the addition of the next coat. The last coat, the third coat, was not sanded. After 7 days from the final coating applied, stain resistance tests were performed.
• Table 1 summarizes the coating properties for JEFF AMINE T403 Polyurea crosslinked using cyclohexanedicarboxaldehyde (CHDA) with various molar ratios of CHO functional group to urea group, Inventive Examples 1-3.
• Table 1 illustrates a significant increase in coating properties of Inventive Examples 1-3 as compared to Comparative Example 1, having the same formulation as Inventive Examples 1-3 except that Comparative Example 1 was not crosslinked with CHDA.
• a pendulum hardness of near 100 and a pencil hardness of 2H was measured at the higher dialdehyde crosslinker ratios.
• the MEK double rub and gel fraction performance measured clearly indicate crosslinking as compared to the control without dialdehyde.
• Table 4 illustrates the film properties of Inventive Examples 14-15.
• Inventive Example 14 was prepared using JEFF AMINE T3000 polyurea crosslinked with CHDA.
• Inventive Example 15 was prepared using JEFF AMINE T403 polyurea and crosslinked with a mono-aldehyde, specifically cy clohexanecarboxaldehy de .
• Test methods include the following:
• Solids determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) by placing 10 mg of sample into a standard thermogravimetric analysis unit that has a nitrogen gas purge. Heat the sample from 25 °C to 300 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C per minute (°C/min). From a graph of % weight loss as a function of time curve, use break in slope of the curve where the weight loss levels out as the percent (fraction of) solids.
• TGA thermogravimetric analysis
• Thickness of the coating ASTM D7091-05 (Standard Practice for Nondestructive
• Impact resistance is determined by using a Gardner impact tester and following ASTM D2794-93 (Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact) (1993)).
• Pendulum hardness according to the Konig pendulum hardness test by following ANSI ISO 1522 (Pendulum damping test).
• Pencil hardness ASTM D3363-05 (Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test (2005)).
• ME resistance Reported as the number of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) rubs that are required to remove enough of the coating down to and thereby exposing the surface of the substrate.
• Stain resistance of a coating: determined by placing drops of the insult material (water, 50% ethanol/water, skydrol, and Windex) onto a piece of absorbent paper that is in direct contact with the coating surface, covering the thoroughly wetted paper with a glass cover, waiting for 24 hours, observing visual effect on the coating, and categorizing the visual effect as either no effect, moderate etch, or severe etch. No effect means no change to coating surface, moderate etch means whitening of the coating surface, and severe etch means blistering of the coatings surface. A relative rating from 1 to 6 was assigned, with 1 being the most severe damage and 6 being lowest with no affect to the coating, characterized as follows:
• Gel Fraction (of the coating material) Reported as the percent of a film sample that remains after 24 hours of exposing a polymer film in a Soxhlet extractor with ref uxing acetone.
• a film sample is prepared using the same formulation as the coating and is poured into an aluminum foil boat to make a dried coating thickness of ⁇ 0.1 mm. The cured film is pealed from the foil and ⁇ lg of film is placed into a Soxhlet extractor thimble and an accurate weight is recorded. The thimble/film sample is paced into a Soxhlet extractor using acetone as the refluxing solvent. The sample is extracted for 24 hours using the refluxing acetone. The thimble/film sample is removed, allowed to dry overnight and weighed. The percent of material remaining after the extraction is calculated.

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