WO2015049996A1 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015049996A1 WO2015049996A1 PCT/JP2014/074664 JP2014074664W WO2015049996A1 WO 2015049996 A1 WO2015049996 A1 WO 2015049996A1 JP 2014074664 W JP2014074664 W JP 2014074664W WO 2015049996 A1 WO2015049996 A1 WO 2015049996A1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery.
- a metal ion secondary battery having a solid electrolyte layer using a flame retardant solid electrolyte (for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, etc., hereinafter sometimes referred to as “all solid battery”) is used for ensuring safety. It has advantages such as easy to simplify the system.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a lithium secondary battery using a sulfide-based solid electrolyte with a copolymer containing vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene as a binder.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a step of forming a coating film made of the paint by applying a paint containing active material particles, a binder containing styrene butadiene rubber and a first solvent on the surface of the current collector, There is disclosed a method for producing an electrode, comprising: applying a paint containing a solid polymer electrolyte, a binder containing polyvinylidene fluoride, and a third solvent to the coating film.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a solid electrolyte battery including a positive electrode, a solid electrolyte layer having a multilayer structure of two or more layers disposed on the positive electrode, and a negative electrode disposed on the solid electrolyte layer. It is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 when a vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is used as the vinylidene fluoride copolymer, metal ions are occluded in the negative electrode active material or metal from the negative electrode active material. In a potential environment where ions are released (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “negative electrode potential”), a reduction reaction of tetrafluoroethylene occurs. As a result, since the capacity of the battery is reduced, there is a problem that it is difficult to improve the performance of the battery. In order to solve this problem, for example, instead of the polymer disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is conceivable to use styrene butadiene rubber disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery capable of improving performance.
- PVdF electrolyte an electrolyte containing a monomer containing an element that forms a compound by reacting with a metal ion at a negative electrode potential, and a polymer binder having PVdF.
- a reduction reaction of the monomer (TFE in the above example) contained in the PVdF electrolyte occurs at the negative electrode potential, and (2) between the PVdF electrolyte and the negative electrode, An electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as “BR electrolyte”) containing a butadiene rubber (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BR rubber”). It is possible to prevent the reduction reaction of the monomer, and (3) the electrolyte having a two-layer structure of the PVdF electrolyte and the BR electrolyte has the structure of the two-layer structure. It has been found that the conductivity of metal ions is superior to the BR electrolyte having the same thickness as the electrolyte. The present invention has been completed based on this finding.
- the present invention includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer disposed therebetween, the electrolyte layer including a positive electrode side electrolyte layer disposed on the positive electrode side, and the positive electrode side electrolyte layer and the negative electrode.
- a negative electrode side electrolyte layer, the positive electrode side electrolyte layer contains a binder having a fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and an electrolyte, and the negative electrode side electrolyte layer is And a secondary battery containing a butadiene rubber-based binder and an electrolyte.
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- the “secondary battery” may be a form using a liquid electrolyte or a form using a solid electrolyte.
- the “binder having a fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)” is, for example, a vinylidene fluoride resin obtained by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene as a binder for the positive electrode side electrolyte layer. Say that it is used.
- the butadiene rubber-based binder is not only butadiene rubber used as a binder (binder), but also a polymer obtained by copolymerizing butadiene rubber with other monomers, for example, acrylate butadiene rubber (ABR). ) Or styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
- ABR acrylate butadiene rubber
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the BR electrolyte is disposed between the PVdF electrolyte and the negative electrode, it is possible to prevent a reaction that causes a decrease in the capacity of the battery at the negative electrode potential.
- a PVdF electrolyte it is possible to enhance the conduction performance of metal ions, and the electrolyte layer having a two-layer structure using the PVdF electrolyte and the BR electrolyte has a strength condition required for the electrolyte layer of the secondary battery.
- an electrolyte layer using a PVdF electrolyte may be referred to as a “PVdF electrolyte layer”, and an electrolyte layer using a BR electrolyte without using a PVdF electrolyte may be referred to as a “BR electrolyte layer”. .
- the capacity, the conduction performance of metal ions, and the strength can be set to a certain level or more, so the performance of the secondary battery can be improved.
- the electrolyte contained in the positive electrode side electrolyte layer and the electrolyte contained in the negative electrode side electrolyte layer may be solid electrolytes.
- a binder is often used.
- a secondary battery capable of improving performance can be provided.
- FIG. It is a perspective view explaining a bending strength measurement test. It is sectional drawing explaining a bending strength measurement test. It is sectional drawing explaining a bending strength measurement test. It is sectional drawing explaining a bending strength measurement test. It is a figure explaining the result of a bending strength measurement test. It is a figure explaining the result of an ionic conductivity measurement test. It is a figure explaining the result of a capacity measurement test.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an all solid state battery 10 which is an embodiment of the secondary battery of the present invention.
- the all solid state battery 10 includes a positive electrode 1 and a negative electrode 2, and an electrolyte layer 3 disposed therebetween.
- the positive electrode 1 contains a positive electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and a solid electrolyte
- the negative electrode 2 is a known negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, such as graphite, and A solid electrolyte is contained.
- the electrolyte layer 3 includes a positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 disposed on the positive electrode 1 side, and a negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5 disposed between the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 and the negative electrode 2.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the binder 4a and the solid electrolyte 6 contained in the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the butadiene rubber 5a and the solid electrolyte 6 contained in the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5. It is a figure to do.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a part of the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a part of the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5.
- the binder and the solid electrolyte are shown in a simplified manner. As shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 is a solid electrolyte layer containing a binder 4 a containing a fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and a solid electrolyte 6.
- the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5 is a solid electrolyte layer containing a butadiene rubber 5 a that functions as a binder and a solid electrolyte 6. That is, the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 and the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5 are a PVdF electrolyte layer and a BR electrolyte layer, respectively.
- the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5 which is a BR electrolyte layer is disposed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a conventional all solid state battery 90.
- the same components as those of the all-solid battery 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 1, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- description of the positive electrode current collector connected to the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode current collector connected to the negative electrode 2 is omitted.
- the all solid state battery 90 includes the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and a solid electrolyte layer 91 disposed therebetween, and the solid electrolyte layer 91 functions as a binder. It contains a fluorocopolymer containing fluoroethylene (TFE) and a solid electrolyte.
- TFE fluoroethylene
- the solid electrolyte layer 91 When the all solid state battery 90 in which the solid electrolyte layer 91 that is a PVdF electrolyte layer and the negative electrode 2 are in direct contact is operated, the solid electrolyte layer 91 is brought into contact with the solid electrolyte layer 91 at the contact interface between the solid electrolyte layer 91 and the negative electrode 2 at the negative electrode potential. Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) contained therein reacts with lithium. This reaction is shown in FIG.
- TFE Tetrafluoroethylene
- the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5 that is a BR electrolyte layer is disposed between the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 that is a PVdF electrolyte layer and the negative electrode 2. Yes. Therefore, the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5 prevents contact between the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 that is a PVdF electrolyte layer and the negative electrode 2.
- the negative electrode side electrolyte layer 5 prevents contact between the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 that is a PVdF electrolyte layer and the negative electrode 2.
- the all-solid-state battery 10 has the positive electrode side electrolyte layer 4 which is a PVdF electrolyte layer.
- the strength and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte layer 3 can be easily maintained at a certain level or more. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide the all-solid-state battery 10 with improved performance by setting the capacity, the conduction performance of metal ions, and the strength to a certain level or more.
- the strength of the electrolyte layer and the ionic conductivity are contradictory, and the strength of the electrolyte layer is required to be a certain level or more from the viewpoint of preventing a short circuit.
- the amount of addition of the fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and the displacement and ionic conductivity that were confirmed to have cracked in the electrolyte when a test similar to the bending strength measurement test described later was performed.
- This relationship is shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis on the left side of FIG. 6 is displacement (mm)
- the vertical axis on the right side is ionic conductivity (S / cm)
- the horizontal axis is the amount of polymer added (vol%).
- the line that rises to the right is the result of displacement
- the line that falls to the right is the result of ionic conductivity. Note that the displacement shown in FIG.
- the form of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and the form of the positive electrode current collector connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode current collector connected to the negative electrode is not particularly limited.
- a positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode a known positive electrode active material that can be used in a secondary battery can be appropriately used.
- positive electrode active materials include rock salt layered active materials such as lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , manganese, and the like.
- Examples include spinel active materials such as lithium acid (LiMn 2 O 4 ) and Li (Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 ) O 4 , and olivine active materials such as LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , and LiNiPO 4. Can do.
- the shape of the positive electrode active material can be, for example, particulate or thin film.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material is, for example, preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more. Furthermore, the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material is, for example, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less. Although content of the positive electrode active material in a positive electrode layer is not specifically limited, It is preferable to set it as 40% or more and 99% or less by mass%, for example.
- a known binder that can be contained in the positive electrode of the secondary battery can be used for the positive electrode.
- a binder include butadiene rubber, fluorine resin, and rubber.
- the positive electrode may contain a conductive material that improves conductivity.
- a conductive material that improves conductivity.
- carbon materials such as vapor-grown carbon fiber, acetylene black (AB), ketjen black (KB), carbon nanotube (CNT), and carbon nanofiber (CNF)
- the conductive material that can be contained in the positive electrode A metal material that can withstand the environment when the secondary battery is used can be exemplified.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is an all-solid battery
- the solid electrolyte layer not only the solid electrolyte layer but also the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain a known solid electrolyte that can be used for the all-solid battery, if necessary. be able to.
- solid electrolytes include oxide-based amorphous solid electrolytes such as Li 2 O—B 2 O 3 —P 2 O 5 and Li 2 O—SiO 2 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 , LiI—Li 2.
- Sulfuration such as S-SiS 2 , LiI-Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , LiI-Li 2 S—P 2 O 5 , LiI-Li 3 PO 4 —P 2 S 5 , Li 2 SP—P 2 S 5
- Physical amorphous solid electrolyte LiI, Li 3 N, Li 5 La 3 Ta 2 O 12 , Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , Li 6 BaLa 2 Ta 2 O 12 , Li 3 PO (4-3 / 2w ) N w (w is w ⁇ 1), Li 3.6 Si 0.6 P 0.4 O 4 , etc.
- crystalline solid electrolytes Li 7 P 3 S 11, Li 3.25 P 0.75 S 4 , etc.
- Solid electrolyte is a sulfide solid electrolyte (sulfide-based amorphous solid electrolyte or sulfide-based crystalline solid) from the standpoint of making the electrode for all-solid-state battery easy to improve the performance of all-solid-state battery. It is preferable to use an electrolyte.
- the thickness of the positive electrode is, for example, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more. Furthermore, the thickness of the positive electrode is preferably 1 mm or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- a known negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions can be used as appropriate.
- a negative electrode active material include a carbon active material, an oxide active material, and a metal active material.
- the carbon active material is not particularly limited as long as it contains carbon, and examples thereof include mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), highly oriented graphite (HOPG), hard carbon, and soft carbon.
- MCMB mesocarbon microbeads
- HOPG highly oriented graphite
- the oxide active material include Nb 2 O 5 and SiO.
- the metal active material include In, Al, Si, and Sn.
- a lithium-containing metal active material may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the lithium-containing metal active material is not particularly limited as long as it is an active material containing at least Li, and may be Li metal or Li alloy.
- the Li alloy include an alloy containing Li and at least one of In, Al, Si, and Sn.
- the shape of the negative electrode active material can be, for example, particulate or thin film.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the negative electrode active material is, for example, preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the negative electrode active material is, for example, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40% or more and 99% or less in mass%, for example.
- the negative electrode may contain a conductive material that improves conductivity.
- the conductive material that can be contained in the negative electrode include the conductive materials that can be contained in the positive electrode.
- a negative electrode is prepared using a slurry-like negative electrode composition prepared by dispersing the negative electrode active material or the like in a liquid, heptane or the like can be exemplified as the liquid for dispersing the negative electrode active material or the like, Nonpolar solvents can be preferably used.
- the thickness of the negative electrode is, for example, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the negative electrode is preferably 1 mm or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- an electrolyte layer (both PVdF electrolyte layer and BR electrolyte layer.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is an all-solid battery
- the PVdF electrolyte layer and the BR electrolyte layer may be collectively referred to as a “solid electrolyte layer.”
- the solid electrolyte layer contains a binder that binds the solid electrolytes from the viewpoint of developing plasticity.
- a binder that binds the solid electrolytes from the viewpoint of developing plasticity.
- the binder is preferably 5% by mass or less.
- a PVdF electrolyte layer is produced through a process of applying a slurry-like solid electrolyte composition prepared by dispersing the solid electrolyte or the like in a liquid to a substrate
- butyl butyrate is used as a liquid for dispersing the solid electrolyte or the like.
- Etc. can be illustrated.
- a BR electrolyte layer is produced through a process of applying a slurry-like solid electrolyte composition prepared by dispersing the solid electrolyte or the like in a liquid to a substrate, the liquid in which the solid electrolyte or the like is dispersed includes heptane or the like. Can be illustrated.
- the content of the solid electrolyte material in the solid electrolyte layer is mass%, for example, preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer (here, the total thickness of the PVdF electrolyte layer and the BR electrolyte layer; the same applies hereinafter) varies greatly depending on the battery configuration, but is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, for example, 1 ⁇ m More preferably. Furthermore, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is preferably 1 mm or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. In the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness of the BR electrolyte layer is made thinner than the thickness of the PVdF electrolyte layer from the viewpoint of easily increasing the ion conduction performance.
- a binder having a fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is used for the PVdF electrolyte layer.
- the fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) that can be used for the PVdF electrolyte layer may be a fluorocopolymer in which tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) undergoes the reduction reaction shown in FIG. 5 at the negative electrode potential.
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- a fluorinated copolymer for example, a fluorinated copolymer containing a vinylidene fluoride monomer unit, a tetrafluoroethylene monomer unit, and a hexafluoropropylene monomer unit in a predetermined ratio.
- fluorine-based polymers such as vinylidene fluoride resin and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be exemplified.
- a butadiene rubber binder is used for the BR electrolyte layer.
- the butadiene rubber-based binder that can be used in the BR electrolyte layer include butadiene rubber (BR), acrylate butadiene rubber (ABR), and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
- a known metal that can be used as a current collector of a secondary battery can be used for the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector.
- a metal a metal containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Al, V, Au, Pt, Mg, Fe, Ti, Co, Cr, Zn, Ge, and In. Materials can be exemplified.
- the form of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and can be a known form. In the present invention, the form of the positive electrode current collector or the negative electrode current collector can be, for example, a foil shape or a mesh shape.
- the secondary battery of the present invention can be configured such that the positive electrode, the electrolyte layer, the negative electrode, and the like are accommodated in the outer package.
- an exterior body that can be used in the present invention a known exterior body that can be used in a secondary battery can be used. Examples of such an exterior body include a resin-made laminate film, a film obtained by vapor-depositing a metal on a resin-made laminate film, a stainless steel housing, and the like.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is an all-solid battery is mainly referred to, but the secondary battery of the present invention is not limited to this form.
- the secondary battery of the present invention may be, for example, a secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte a known non-aqueous electrolyte that can be used for the secondary battery can be appropriately used.
- the separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is continuously disposed in the direction from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.
- a multilayer structure having a plurality of layers may be used.
- the layer disposed on the positive electrode side may be a porous PVdF electrolyte layer, and the layer disposed between the PVdF electrolyte layer and the negative electrode may function as a porous BR electrolyte layer. More specifically, when producing a separator disposed on the positive electrode side, a separator having a porous structure is produced by a known method using a fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and The separator disposed on the positive electrode side may function as the PVdF electrolyte layer by holding the non-aqueous electrolyte in the separator having a porous structure.
- TFE fluorocopolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene
- a separator disposed on the negative electrode side when a separator disposed on the negative electrode side is prepared, a separator having a porous structure is prepared by a known method using butadiene rubber, and the separator having the porous structure is allowed to hold a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Therefore, the separator disposed on the negative electrode side may function as the BR electrolyte layer.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is exemplified as a secondary battery (lithium ion secondary battery) in which lithium ions move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the form is not limited.
- the secondary battery of the present invention may be in a form in which ions other than lithium ions move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Examples of such ions include sodium ions and potassium ions.
- the positive electrode active material, the solid electrolyte or the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the negative electrode active material may be appropriately selected according to the moving ions.
- positive electrode active material LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (manufactured by Nichia Corporation)
- conductive material vapor-grown carbon fiber (Showa Denko) Manufactured)
- synthesized solid electrolyte were weighed and mixed in a solvent (heptane) to obtain a positive electrode composition.
- This positive electrode composition was applied to a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil) and dried to prepare a positive electrode on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- negative electrode active material graphite (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical)
- 8.24 mg of the synthesized solid electrolyte were weighed and mixed in a solvent (heptane) to obtain a negative electrode.
- a composition was obtained.
- This negative electrode composition was applied to a negative electrode current collector (copper foil) and dried to prepare a negative electrode on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- PVdF electrolyte layer 18 mg of the synthesized solid electrolyte was weighed, and a fluorine-based copolymer (vinylidene fluoride monomer unit, tetrafluoroethylene monomer) containing this solid electrolyte and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE).
- a PVdF electrolyte composition was obtained by mixing 3.6 mg of a butyl butyrate solution containing 5 wt% of a TFE-containing fluorocopolymer) and 30.3 mg of butyl butyrate.
- the PVdF electrolyte composition was applied to an aluminum foil, further dried, and then the aluminum foil was peeled off to produce a PVdF electrolyte layer.
- BR electrolyte layer 18 mg of the synthesized solid electrolyte was weighed, and 3.6 mg of heptane solution containing 5 wt% BR and 30.3 mg of heptane were mixed to prepare a BR electrolyte composition. Obtained.
- the BR electrolyte composition was applied to an aluminum foil, further dried, and then the aluminum foil was peeled off to produce a BR electrolyte layer.
- the BR electrolyte layer was produced so that it might become the same thickness as the produced said PVdF electrolyte layer.
- Electrode body A was produced.
- the electrode body A is shown in FIG. Note that the description of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector is also omitted in FIG. 7 in order to match FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 where the description of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector is omitted.
- FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C An outline of the bending strength measurement test is shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C.
- FIG. 8A is a perspective view illustrating a state in which an electrolyte layer (BR electrolyte layer or PVdF electrolyte layer) having a diameter of 13 mm is disposed in a hole having a diameter of 8 mm provided on a test stand of the particle compression apparatus.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 8A illustrating a state before the sample placed on the test bench is pushed with a presser.
- FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 8A for explaining a state in which the sample placed on the test bench is pushed in by the presser.
- the sample was pushed in with a presser, and the displacement to a position where it was confirmed visually that the sample had cracks was measured.
- the results are shown in FIG. “BR” in FIG. 9 means a result of a bending strength test in which two stacked BR electrolyte layers are pressed with a presser, and “PVdF” indicates two stacked PVdF electrolyte layers with a presser.
- the present invention is a bending strength test in which one BR electrolyte layer and one PVdF electrolyte layer (two electrolyte layers in total) stacked are pushed with a presser. It means that the result.
- the PVdF electrolyte layer had higher strength than the BR electrolyte layer, and the “present invention” had higher strength than “PVdF”.
- the strength of the “invention” is higher than that of “PVdF” because the strength of the strength of both is increased by superimposing the BR electrolyte layer softer than the PVdF electrolyte layer and the PVdF electrolyte layer harder than the BR electrolyte layer. It is considered that due to the balance, the strength was higher than when only the PVdF electrolyte layer was used. From this result, it was found that an electrolyte layer obtained by stacking a PVdF electrolyte layer and a BR electrolyte layer can have a strength equal to or higher than that of the PVdF electrolyte layer.
- Ion conductivity measurement test The ion conductivity of the BR electrolyte layer and the PVdF electrolyte layer was measured using an impedance measuring device (1470E CellTest System, manufactured by Toyo Corporation). The results are shown in FIG. “BR” in FIG. 10 means the measurement result of ionic conductivity performed on the BR electrolyte layer, and “PVdF” means the measurement result of ionic conductivity performed on the PVdF electrolyte layer. . As shown in FIG. 10, the ionic conductivity of the PVdF electrolyte layer was higher than that of the BR electrolyte layer.
- Capacity measurement test About the produced electrode body A, the electrode body B, and the electrode body C, the capacity
- the electrode body A, the electrode body B, and the electrode body C are the same except for the configuration of the electrolyte, and the test conditions for capacitance measurement were also the same.
- the thickness of the BR electrolyte layer in the electrode body A (the thickness in the vertical direction on the paper in FIG. 7) is the same as the thickness of the PVdF electrolyte layer in the electrode body B (the thickness in the vertical direction on the paper in FIG. 4).
- the total thickness of the BR electrolyte layer and the PVdF electrolyte layer in the electrode body C was the same.
- the results of the capacity measurement test are shown in FIG.
- the capacities of the electrode body A and the electrode body C were similar, but the capacity of the electrode body B was lower than the capacities of the electrode body A and the electrode body C. This is considered to be because, in the electrode body B, the PVdF electrolyte layer is in contact with the negative electrode, and thus a LiF generation reaction occurred at the interface between the PVdF electrolyte layer and the negative electrode. Since the electrode body C has the same capacity as the electrode body A that does not use the PVdF electrolyte layer, it is considered that no monomer reduction reaction or LiF generation reaction occurs.
- a secondary battery capable of improving performance can be provided.
Abstract
Description
本発明は、正極及び負極と、これらの間に配置される電解質層と、を有し、該電解質層は、正極側に配置される正極側電解質層、及び、該正極側電解質層と負極との間に配置される負極側電解質層を備え、正極側電解質層は、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)を含有したフッ素系共重合体を有するバインダーと、電解質と、を含有し、負極側電解質層は、ブタジエンゴム系バインダーと、電解質と、を含有する、二次電池である。
図2に示したように、正極側電解質層4は、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)を含有したフッ素系共重合体を含むバインダー4aと、固体電解質6と、を含有する固体電解質層である。これに対し、図3に示したように、負極側電解質層5は、バインダーとして機能するブタジエンゴム5aと、固体電解質6とを含有する固体電解質層である。すなわち、正極側電解質層4及び負極側電解質層5は、それぞれ、PVdF電解質層及びBR電解質層であり、全固体電池10では、PVdF電解質層である正極側電解質層4と負極2との間に、BR電解質層である負極側電解質層5が配置されている。
図4に示したように、全固体電池90は、正極1及び負極2と、これらの間に配置された固体電解質層91と、を有し、固体電解質層91は、バインダーとして機能する、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)を含有したフッ素系共重合体と、固体電解質とを含有している。PVdF電解質層である固体電解質層91と負極2とが直接接触している全固体電池90を作動させると、負極電位において、固体電解質層91と負極2との接触界面で、固体電解質層91に含有されているテトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)とリチウムとが反応する。この反応を図5に示す。
・固体電解質の合成
Li2S(日本化学工業製)及びP2S5(アルドリッチ社製)を出発原料として、0.7656gのLi2S、及び、1.2344gのP2S5を秤量し、さらに、0.016gのデンカブラック(電気化学工業株式会社製、「デンカブラック」は電気化学工業株式会社の登録商標。)を添加した。次に、これらをメノウ乳鉢に入れて5分間に亘って混合した後、4gのヘプタンを入れ、遊星型ボールミル(45cc、ZrO2ポット、直径5mmのZrO2ボール53g)を用いて毎分500回転で20時間に亘ってメカニカルミリングした。その後、110℃で1時間に亘って加熱してヘプタンを除去することにより、固体電解質を得た。
12.03mgの正極活物質(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(日亜化学工業製))、0.51mgの導電材(気相成長炭素繊維(昭和電工製))、及び、合成した上記固体電解質5.03mgをそれぞれ秤量し、これらを溶媒(ヘプタン)に入れて混合することにより、正極用組成物を得た。この正極用組成物を、正極集電体(アルミニウム箔)へ塗工し乾燥することにより、正極集電体の表面に正極を作製した。
9.06mgの負極活物質(グラファイト(三菱化学製))、及び、合成した上記固体電解質8.24mgをそれぞれ秤量し、これらを溶媒(ヘプタン)に入れて混合することにより、負極用組成物を得た。この負極用組成物を、負極集電体(銅箔)へ塗工し乾燥することにより、負極集電体の表面に負極を作製した。
合成した上記固体電解質を18mg秤量し、この固体電解質と、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)を含有したフッ素系共重合体(フッ化ビニリデン単量体単位、テトラフルオロエチレン単量体単位、及び、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン単量体単位を、フッ化ビニリデン単量体単位:テトラフルオロエチレン単量体単位:ヘキサフルオロプロピレン単量体単位=55mol%:25mol%:20mol%の割合で含有する、TFEを有するフッ素系共重合体)を5wt%含有する酪酸ブチル溶液3.6mgと、酪酸ブチル30.3mgとを混合することにより、PVdF電解質組成物を得た。このPVdF電解質組成物をアルミニウム箔に塗工し、さらに乾燥させた後、アルミニウム箔を剥離させることにより、PVdF電解質層を作製した。
合成した上記固体電解質を18mg秤量し、この固体電解質と、5wt%のBRを含むヘプタン溶液3.6mgと、ヘプタン30.3mgとを混合することにより、BR電解質組成物を得た。このBR電解質組成物をアルミニウム箔に塗工し、さらに乾燥させた後、アルミニウム箔を剥離させることにより、BR電解質層を作製した。なお、BR電解質層は、作製した上記PVdF電解質層と同じ厚さになるように、作製した。
正極集電体の表面に作製した正極と、負極集電体の表面に作製した負極との間に、BR電解質層が配置されるように、これらを積層し、その後プレスすることにより、電極体Aを作製した。電極体Aを図7に示す。なお、正極集電体や負極集電体の記載を省略した図1や図4に合わせるべく、図7においても正極集電体や負極集電体の記載を省略した。
また、正極集電体の表面に作製した正極と、負極集電体の表面に作製した負極との間に、PVdF電解質層が配置されるように、これらを積層し、その後プレスすることにより、全固体電池90と同様の形態である電極体Bを作製した。
また、正極集電体の表面に作製した正極と、負極集電体の表面に作製した負極との間に、PVdF電解質層及びBR電解質層を、正極とPVdF電解質層とを接触させ且つBR電解質層と負極とを接触させるように、これらを積層し、その後プレスすることにより、全固体電池10と同様の形態である電極体Cを作製した。
粒子圧縮装置(MCTシリーズ、株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて、BR電解質層及びPVdF電解質層の曲げ強度を測定した。曲げ強度測定試験の概要を図8A、図8B、及び、図8Cに示す。図8Aは、粒子圧縮装置の試験台に設けられた直径8mmの孔に直径13mmの電解質層(BR電解質層やPVdF電解質層)を配置する様子を説明する斜視図である。図8Bは、試験台の上に配置した試料をプレッサーで押し込む前の様子を説明する、図8AのA-A’断面図である。図8Cは、試験台の上に配置した試料をプレッサーで押し込んでいるときの様子を説明する、図8AのA-A’断面図である。曲げ強度測定試験では、プレッサーで試料を押し込み、試料に亀裂が入ったことを目視で確認できた位置までの変位を測定した。結果を図9に示す。図9の「BR」は、重ねられた2枚のBR電解質層をプレッサーで押し込む曲げ強度試験の結果であることを意味し、「PVdF」は、重ねられた2枚のPVdF電解質層をプレッサーで押し込む曲げ強度試験の結果であることを意味し、「本発明」は、重ねられた1枚のBR電解質層及び1枚のPVdF電解質層(合計2枚の電解質層)をプレッサーで押し込む曲げ強度試験の結果であることを意味している。
インピーダンス測定装置(1470E CellTest System、株式会社東陽テクニカ製)を用いて、BR電解質層及びPVdF電解質層のイオン伝導度を測定した。結果を図10に示す。図10の「BR」は、BR電解質層について実施したイオン伝導度の測定結果であることを意味し、「PVdF」は、PVdF電解質層について実施したイオン伝導度の測定結果であることを意味する。
図10に示したように、BR電解質層よりもPVdF電解質層の方が、イオン伝導度が高かった。
作製した電極体A、電極体B、及び、電極体Cについて、充放電装置(TOSCAT-3200、東洋システム株式会社製)を用いて容量測定を行った。なお、電極体A、電極体B、及び、電極体Cは、電解質の構成以外は共通であり、容量測定の試験条件も同一にした。また、電極体AにおけるBR電解質層の厚さ(図7の紙面上下方向の厚さ)は、電極体BにおけるPVdF電解質層の厚さ(図4の紙面上下方向の厚さ)と同一であり、且つ、電極体CにおけるBR電解質層及びPVdF電解質層の合計厚さ(図1の紙面上下方向の厚さ)と同一であった。容量測定試験の結果を図11に示す。
2…負極
3…電解質層
4…正極側電解質層
4a…バインダー
5…負極側電解質層
5a…ブタジエンゴム(ブタジエンゴム系バインダー)
6…固体電解質(電解質)
10…全固体電池(二次電池)
Claims (2)
- 正極及び負極と、これらの間に配置される電解質層と、を有し、
前記電解質層は、前記正極側に配置される正極側電解質層、及び、該正極側電解質層と前記負極との間に配置される負極側電解質層を備え、
前記正極側電解質層は、テトラフルオロエチレンを含有したフッ素系共重合体を有するバインダーと、電解質と、を含有し、
前記負極側電解質層は、ブタジエンゴム系バインダーと、電解質と、を含有する、二次電池。 - 前記正極側電解質層に含有される前記電解質、及び、前記負極側電解質層に含有される前記電解質が、固体電解質である、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
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WO2022054540A1 (ja) | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-17 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 固体二次電池用結着剤、固体二次電池用スラリー、固体二次電池用層形成方法及び固体二次電池 |
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CN105531864B (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
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US20160226096A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
JP2015069967A (ja) | 2015-04-13 |
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