WO2015045430A1 - Biomass production method and biomass housing device - Google Patents
Biomass production method and biomass housing device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015045430A1 WO2015045430A1 PCT/JP2014/051785 JP2014051785W WO2015045430A1 WO 2015045430 A1 WO2015045430 A1 WO 2015045430A1 JP 2014051785 W JP2014051785 W JP 2014051785W WO 2015045430 A1 WO2015045430 A1 WO 2015045430A1
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- biomass
- germination
- sterilization
- microorganisms
- cooling
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/04—Heat
- A61L2/06—Hot gas
- A61L2/07—Steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biomass manufacturing method for manufacturing biomass and a biomass storage device for storing biomass.
- oil palm oil, palm kernel oil
- FFB Fresh Fruit Bunch
- the oil palm bunches are steamed with steam, the fruit part containing the desired oil, and the empty fruit bunches
- EFB Empty Fruit ⁇ Bunch
- biomass such as empty fruit bunches such as empty fruit bunches and woody biomass such as wood, sawdust, bark, etc.
- biomass fuel for direct combustion
- patent documents 1 and 2 The technique which utilizes biomass effectively, such as manufacturing ethanol from biomass (for example, patent document 3), is developed.
- a place where biomass is generated for example, an oil production factory
- a place where biomass is used for example, a place where biomass is used as fuel or a place where ethanol is produced
- An object of the present invention is to provide a biomass production method and a biomass storage device capable of preventing spontaneous combustion of biomass and biomass fuel obtained therefrom.
- 1st aspect of this invention is a biomass manufacturing method, Comprising: The accommodation process which accommodates biomass in a storage container, and cooling or leaving the said biomass, it is beforehand required for germination of the microorganism of the spore state adhering to the said biomass A germination step for creating and maintaining a predetermined condition; and a sterilization step for creating and maintaining a predetermined condition for killing the microorganism by heating the biomass to which the germinated microorganism has adhered. This is the gist.
- the biomass production method may further include a steaming step of steaming the raw material by supplying steam to the raw material of the biomass to obtain the biomass.
- the germination step and the sterilization step may be performed in the storage container under atmospheric pressure.
- the germination step and the sterilization step may be alternately repeated a plurality of times.
- the biomass may be heated by supplying water vapor to the biomass to which the germinated microorganisms adhere.
- the biomass may be heated at a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the raw material of the biomass may be oil palm, and the biomass may be an empty fruit bunch obtained by defruiting the oil palm.
- the biomass production method may further include a pulverization step of pulverizing the biomass, a drying step of drying the biomass pulverized by the pulverization step, and a molding step of forming the biomass dried by the drying step into a granular shape.
- the germination step and the sterilization step may be performed before the pulverization step.
- the germination step and the sterilization step may be performed between the pulverization step and the drying step.
- the germination step and the sterilization step may be performed after the molding step.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a biomass storage device, which is a germination vessel that is attached to the biomass and a storage container that stores the biomass obtained by steaming the raw material by supplying steam to the raw material of the biomass.
- a gist is provided with a cooling gas supply unit that allows cooling gas to flow through the biomass stored in the storage container.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a biomass production system.
- Drawing 2 is a figure for explaining a biomass accommodation device.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the processing flow of the biomass production method.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the biomass production system according to the first modification.
- FIG. 5 is a time chart of two biomass storage devices.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a biomass production system according to a second modification.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a process flow of the biomass manufacturing method according to the second modification.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart of three biomass storage devices.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a biomass production system according to another modification.
- the oil palm bunch is steamed with steam and then separated into a fruit portion containing oil and an empty fruit bunch in a de-fruiting process.
- the present inventors have detected that Bacillus subtilis is attached to the empty fruit bunches even though the oil coconut fruit bunches are treated with steam of 100 ° C. or higher such as steaming (Source: Fukunaga, S., Kasai, H. and Inubushi, K. (2012) Microbial gas production from empty fruit bunch (EFB) of oil palm. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Microbial Ecology (PB-19).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a biomass production system 100.
- the biomass production system 100 includes a steaming device 110, a fruit removal device 120, and a biomass storage device 150.
- an oil palm fruit bunch will be described as an example of biomass raw material
- an empty fruit bunch (EFB) will be described as an example of biomass.
- the steaming apparatus 110 steams the oil palm fruit bunch by supplying water vapor to the oil palm fruit bunch. Steaming weakens the bond between the fruit portion and the empty fruit bunches, and facilitates the separation of the fruit portion and the empty fruit bunches in the subsequent fruit removal apparatus 120. In addition, the enzyme such as lipase contained in the oil palm fruit bunch is deactivated to suppress the deterioration of the oil contained in the fruit portion.
- the temperature of the steam supplied by the steaming device 110 is a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the spore of a microorganism that is present in the oil palm fruit bunch and cannot be easily killed with heat of 100 ° C. or higher can be germinated and converted into vegetative cells.
- the fruit removal device 120 separates the oil palm cooked by the steaming device 110 into a fruit portion and an empty fruit bunch.
- the fruit portion thus separated is squeezed by oil generation means (not shown) in the subsequent stage to produce palm oil or palm kernel oil.
- the separated empty fruit bunches are put into the biomass storage device 150 at the subsequent stage.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the biomass storage device 150.
- the biomass storage device 150 includes a storage container 160, a heating gas supply unit 170, a cooling gas supply unit 180, and a control unit 185.
- the movement of the lids 162a and 162b is indicated by solid arrows, and the signal flow is indicated by broken arrows.
- the storage container 160 is a container that stores the empty fruit bunches separated by the fruit removal device 120. More specifically, the storage container 160 has an input port 160a on the upper surface and a carry-out port 160b on the side surface. In addition, the storage container 160 is provided with a lid portion 162a for opening and closing the charging port 160a and a lid portion 162b for opening and closing the carry-out port 160b.
- the storage container 160 is provided with a porous plate 164 in which a plurality of holes are formed in a horizontal direction in a state where a gap is formed below the porous plate 164, and an empty fruit bunch is provided above the porous plate 164. It is to be accommodated.
- the heating gas supply unit 170 is stored in the storage container 160 with a heating gas that heats the empty fruit bunch above the killing temperature of microorganisms (eg, Bacillus subtilis) germinated by being heated and then cooled by the steaming device 110. Let it flow to the empty fruit bunch. More specifically, the heated gas supply unit 170 supplies the heated gas near the bottom surface of the storage container 160 and below the porous plate 164. Then, the heated gas is sent upward from the hole of the perforated plate 164. In this way, the heated gas reaches the empty fruit bunches accommodated in the storage container 160, and the empty fruit bunches are heated by the heated gas.
- microorganisms eg, Bacillus subtilis
- the heating gas is, for example, water vapor having a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the heated gas supply unit 170 allows the heated gas to flow through the empty fruit bunch continuously for a predetermined time, for example, from 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the cooling gas supply unit 180 allows a cooling gas that cools the empty fruit bunches to a temperature required for germination of spore-shaped microorganisms attached to the empty fruit bunches to flow to the empty fruit bunches accommodated in the container 160. More specifically, the cooling gas supply unit 180 supplies the cooling gas near the bottom surface of the storage container 160 and below the porous plate 164. Then, the cooling gas is sent upward from the hole of the perforated plate 164. In this way, the cooling gas reaches the empty fruit bunches accommodated in the container 160, and the empty fruit bunches are cooled by the cooling gas.
- the cooling gas is, for example, air at normal temperature (a predetermined temperature of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.).
- the cooling gas supply unit 180 allows the cooling gas to flow through the empty fruit bunch continuously for a predetermined time, for example, from 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the control unit 185 is composed of a semiconductor integrated circuit including a CPU (central processing unit), reads programs and parameters for operating the CPU itself from the ROM, and cooperates with the RAM as a work area and other electronic circuits.
- the biomass storage device 150 is managed and controlled.
- the control unit 185 drives and controls the lids 162a and 162b, the heating gas supply unit 170, and the cooling gas supply unit 180.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the processing flow of the biomass production method.
- the biomass production method includes a cooking step S110, a fruit removal step S120, a charging step S130, a germination cooling step S140, a germination step S150, and a sterilization (sterilization) step.
- S160, final cooling step S170, and unloading step S180 are included.
- each process is explained in full detail.
- the steaming step S110 is a step in which the steaming device 110 supplies steam to the oil palm fruit bunch and steams the oil palm fruit bunch at a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- bonding of a fruit part and an empty fruit bunch can be weakened, and it becomes possible to isolate
- an enzyme such as lipase contained in the oil palm fruit bunch can be inactivated, and deterioration of oil contained in the fruit portion can be suppressed.
- the structure in which the oil palm bunch is steamed at a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C. allows germination of microbes that are present in the oil palm bunch and cannot be easily killed by heat of 100 ° C. or higher. Can be transformed into vegetative cells.
- the fruit removal step S120 is a step in which the fruit removal device 120 separates the oil palm fruit bunch cooked in the cooking step S110 into a fruit portion and an empty fruit bunch.
- an empty fruit bunch is introduced into the storage container 160 through the insertion port 160a by a carrying device (not shown), and the empty fruit bunch is accommodated.
- the cooling process S140 for germination which is a part of the germination process, adheres to the empty fruit bunch by cooling or leaving the empty fruit bunch produced by performing the steaming process S110 and the defruiting process S120, and is steamed.
- Predetermined conditions required for germination of the spore-like microorganisms that have been subjected to are created.
- the predetermined condition required for germination of the spore-like microorganism is that the empty fruit bunches are brought to room temperature (a predetermined temperature of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.).
- the empty fruit bunches may be cooled by allowing to cool (stand), or the control unit 185 drives the cooling gas supply unit 180 to supply the cooling gas, for example, for 30 minutes to
- the empty fruit bunch may be cooled by allowing it to flow through the empty fruit bunch continuously for a predetermined time in 90 minutes.
- the predetermined conditions required for germination of the spore-like microorganisms created in the germination cooling step S140 are set in advance, for example, in advance from 16 hours to 3 days. Maintain for a specified time.
- the sterilization step S160 is a step of creating and maintaining a predetermined condition required for killing the germinated microorganisms by heating the empty fruit bunches to which the germinated microorganisms adhere by performing the germination condition maintaining step S150.
- the predetermined condition required for the killing of the microorganisms is to set the empty fruit bunches to a predetermined temperature of, for example, 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the time for maintaining the predetermined condition is, for example, a predetermined time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- “sterilization” means a process of killing microorganisms to such an extent that the occurrence of spontaneous ignition can be suppressed. That is, this term also means a treatment that annihilates the microorganism.
- the control unit 185 drives the heating gas supply unit 170 to supply heating gas (here, water vapor having a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.) to the storage container 160. For example, it is allowed to flow through the empty fruit bunch continuously for a predetermined time of 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- heating gas here, water vapor having a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the microorganisms when germinating microorganisms in the spore state, the microorganisms can be killed at a temperature lower than the standard sterilization treatment such as 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the germination cooling step S140 and the germination condition maintaining step S150 are performed to germinate the spore-like microorganism, and then the sterilization step S160 is performed, Kill germinated microorganisms.
- the sterilization step S160 is performed, Kill germinated microorganisms.
- the final cooling step S170 is a step for cooling the heated empty fruit bunches so as to be easily carried out by simply performing the sterilization step S160.
- the empty fruit bunches may be cooled by standing to cool, or the controller 185 drives the cooling gas supply part 180 to supply the cooling gas to cool the empty fruit bunches. May be.
- the unloading step S180 is a step of unloading the empty fruit bunches cooled to about room temperature by the final cooling step S170.
- the empty fruit buns thus carried out are used effectively as fuel or as a raw material for ethanol.
- biomass production system 100 biomass storage device 150
- biomass production method using the biomass production system 100 it becomes a generation factor of hydrogen attached to the biomass (empty fruit bunch). Since microorganisms can be sterilized, the risk of spontaneous ignition by microorganisms can be reduced. Moreover, since microorganisms do not consume organic matter, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of heat of biomass.
- the cooking step S110 and the defruiting step S120 may be omitted. That is, the empty fruit bunches (accommodated) in the storage container 160 may be those that have been previously subjected to a steaming process and a fruit removal process.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a biomass production system 200 according to the first modification.
- the biomass production system 200 according to the first modification includes a steaming device 110, a fruit removal device 120, and two biomass storage devices 150 (indicated by 150 ⁇ / b> A and 150 ⁇ / b> B in FIG. 4). . That is, compared with the biomass production system 100, the biomass production system 200 includes two biomass storage devices 150.
- the biomass production system 200 includes two biomass storage devices 150.
- a procedure for repeatedly carrying out sterilized biomass every day by providing two biomass storage devices 150 will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a time chart of the two biomass storage devices 150A and 150B.
- the steps to be performed are indicated by arrows.
- the biomass storage device 150A On the first day, in the biomass storage device 150A, the charging step S130, the germination cooling step S140, and the germination condition maintaining step S150 are performed.
- the biomass storage device 150B On the first day, the biomass storage device 150B does not perform the process.
- the sterilization step S160, the final cooling step S170, and the unloading step S180 are performed in the biomass storage device 150A, and the charging step S130, the germination cooling step S140, and the germination condition maintaining step are performed in the biomass storage device 150B. Perform S150.
- the charging step S130, the germination cooling step S140, and the germination condition maintaining step S150 are performed, and in the biomass storage device 150B, the sterilization step S160, the final cooling step S170, and the unloading step. S180 is performed.
- the step of germinating the spore-like microorganism that is, the germination cooling step and the germination condition maintaining step
- the germicidal step of sterilizing the germinated microorganism are alternately performed a plurality of times.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a biomass production system 300 according to the second modification.
- the biomass production system 300 includes a steaming device 110, a fruit removal device 120, and three biomass storage devices 150 (indicated by 150 ⁇ / b> A, 150 ⁇ / b> B, and 150 ⁇ / b> C in FIG. 6). That is, compared with the biomass production system 100, the biomass production system 300 includes three biomass storage devices 150.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a process flow of the biomass manufacturing method according to the second modification.
- the biomass production method according to the second modification includes a steaming step S110, a defruiting step S120, a charging (accommodating) step S130, a germination cooling step S140, and a germination condition maintaining step S150.
- the germination cooling step is performed after the sterilization step S160 and before the final cooling step S170.
- S340, germination condition maintenance process S350, and sterilization process S360 are performed.
- germination cooling step S340, germination condition maintaining step S350, and sterilization step S360 will be described in detail.
- the germination cooling step S340 As in the germination cooling step S140, the germination cooling step S340, which is a part of the germination step, is performed by cooling or leaving the empty fruit bunch heated in the first sterilization step S160, so that the germination cooling step S340 can be continued.
- a predetermined condition required for germination of the spore-like microorganism remaining in the empty fruit bunches is created.
- the predetermined condition required for germination of spore-like microorganisms is that the empty fruit bunches are at room temperature (a predetermined temperature of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.).
- the empty fruit bunches may be cooled by allowing to cool (stand), or the control unit 185 drives the cooling gas supply unit 180 to supply the cooling gas, for example, for 30 minutes to
- the empty fruit bunch may be cooled by allowing it to flow through the empty fruit bunch continuously for a predetermined time in 90 minutes.
- the predetermined conditions required for germination of the spore-like microorganisms created in the germination cooling step S340 are set in advance in, for example, 16 hours to 3 days. Maintain for a specified time.
- the spore-like microorganisms remaining in the empty fruit bunches can be germinated even in the first sterilization step S160.
- the heating gas supply unit 170 supplies water vapor to the empty fruit bunches to which the germinated microorganisms adhere, The empty fruit bunch is heated.
- the heating gas supply unit 170 supplies water vapor to the empty fruit bunches to which the germinated microorganisms adhere, The empty fruit bunch is heated.
- the control unit 185 drives the heating gas supply unit 170 to supply the heating gas (here, water vapor having a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.). For example, it is allowed to flow through the empty fruit bunch continuously for a predetermined time of 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the heating gas here, water vapor having a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- it is allowed to flow through the empty fruit bunch continuously for a predetermined time of 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the second germination cooling step S340 and the germination condition maintaining step S350 heating the empty fruit bunches to which germinated microorganisms adhere, thereby maintaining the predetermined conditions required for the death of the microorganisms. To do.
- the predetermined condition required for the killing of the microorganisms is to bring the empty fruit bunches to a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C to 110 ° C.
- the time for maintaining the predetermined condition is, for example, a predetermined time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- sterilization here means a process of killing microorganisms to such an extent that at least the occurrence of spontaneous ignition can be suppressed.
- the germinated microorganisms are heated and sterilized at least twice (including the steaming step S110). Therefore, microorganisms attached to the biomass (empty fruit bunches) and causing hydrogen generation can be more effectively sterilized.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart of the three biomass storage devices 150A, 150B, and 150C.
- the steps to be performed are indicated by arrows.
- the biomass storage device 150A for example, on the first day, in the biomass storage device 150A, the charging step S130, the germination cooling step S140, and the germination condition maintaining step S150 are performed.
- the biomass storage devices 150B and 150C do not perform processing.
- the sterilization step S160, the germination cooling step S340, and the germination condition maintaining step S350 are performed in the biomass storage device 150A, and the charging step S130, the germination cooling step S140, germination are performed in the biomass storage device 150B.
- the condition maintaining step S150 is performed.
- the biomass container 150C does not perform processing.
- the sterilization step S360, the final cooling step S170, and the unloading step S180 are performed in the biomass storage device 150A, and the sterilization step S160, the germination cooling step S340, and the germination condition maintaining step are performed in the biomass storage device 150B.
- S350 is performed, and in the biomass container 150C, the charging step S130, the germination cooling step S140, and the germination condition maintaining step S150 are performed.
- the biomass storage device 150A performs the charging step S130, the germination cooling step S140, and the germination condition maintaining step S150, and in the biomass storage device 150B, the sterilization step S360, the final cooling step S170, and the unloading step. S180 is performed, and the sterilization process S160, the germination cooling process S340, and the germination condition maintaining process S350 are performed in the biomass container 150C.
- the biomass production systems 100, 200, and 300 described above may further include a solid fuel conversion apparatus 190 illustrated in FIG.
- the biomass storage device 150 constitutes a solid fuelizer 190 together with the pulverization unit 192, the drying unit 194, and the molding unit 196.
- the pulverization unit 192, the drying unit 194, and the molding unit 196 are installed in order from the upstream side following the de-fruiting device 120, and the biomass storage device 150 is dried before the pulverization unit 192 and the pulverization unit 192. Between the parts 194, it is installed at any stage subsequent to the molding part 196.
- any one of the pulverizing unit 192, the drying unit 194, and the forming unit 196 can be omitted depending on the state of the empty fruit bunches (shape, humidity, etc.). Moreover, you may further provide the solid fuelizer 190 and the means (not shown) which adds an additive to an empty fruit bunch.
- the crushing unit 192 crushes the empty fruit buns by cutting, crushing, squeezing, etc. (pulverizing step S400).
- the cell membrane of the empty fruit bunches before being processed in the pulverization step S400 may be fragile or destroyed by the steaming step S110. Therefore, in this case, by performing the pulverization step S400, the above-described cell membrane is further destroyed, and soluble organic substances such as monosaccharides and oligosaccharides that promote the growth of microorganisms and elution of potassium that is an inhibitory component during combustion Can be promoted.
- drying unit 194 dries the empty fruit bunches using known heating means such as radiation and hot air (drying step S410).
- drying process S410 the process in below-mentioned molding process S420 is made easy.
- the molding unit 196 further processes the empty fruit bunch dried by the drying unit 194 into a powder, and further compresses the powder into granules using a predetermined mold or the like (molding step S420). A so-called pellet is obtained by this molding. By performing the molding step S420, the amount of heat per unit volume at the time of combustion can be increased.
- the empty fruit bunch obtained by the fruit removal device 120 is put into the storage container 160. That is, this empty fruit bunch is heated by the sterilization step S160 (S360) in addition to the cooking step S110. Therefore, elution of the above-mentioned soluble organic matter and potassium can be further promoted.
- the empty fruit bunch pulverized by the pulverization unit 192 is put into the storage container 160.
- the empty fruit bunches are further pulverized by the pulverization unit 192. Therefore, in the sterilization step S160 (S360), the empty fruit bunches are easily heated to the details, and the empty fruit bunches can be sterilized in a short time and at a low cost.
- Example The inventors of the present invention supplied 100 ° C. water vapor to the empty fruit bunches for 30 minutes on the first day, allowed to cool, and on the second day supplied 100 ° C. water vapor to the empty fruit bunches for 30 minutes, allowed to cool, On the third day, 100 ° C. water vapor was supplied to the empty fruit bunches for 30 minutes and allowed to cool to produce the sample of the example (empty fruit bunches of the example).
- empty fruit bunches of this example untreated empty fruit bunches as comparative example 1, and empty fruit bunches subjected to standard sterilization treatment of comparative example 2 (maintained under saturated steam at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes), respectively About 5 g (wet weight) was collected, water having the same weight as the wet weight was added to each empty fruit bunches, stored in a sealed container, and stored at 30 ° C. for 10 days.
- Comparative Example 1 As a result, in Comparative Example 1, 60% of the gas phase became carbon dioxide and 20% of the gas phase became hydrogen in 10 days. In Comparative Example 2, 15% of the gas phase was carbon dioxide. On the other hand, in the Examples, both carbon dioxide and hydrogen were hardly detected even after 30 days had passed (carbon dioxide less than 4%, hydrogen less than 0.1%). That is, in the examples, it was confirmed that the microorganisms were effectively sterilized (sufficiently from the viewpoint of preventing spontaneous ignition), no hydrogen was generated, and organic substances were consumed less (carbon dioxide was generated less).
- the empty fruit buns of the examples have the same weight as the wet weight.
- Water and soil suspension microorganism-containing liquid
- the mixture was stored in a sealed container and stored at 30 ° C. for 1 month.
- oil palm is used as a raw material and empty fruit bunches are used as an example of biomass, but biomass can be obtained by steaming the raw material.
- biomass can be obtained by steaming the raw material.
- herbaceous biomass such as rice straw may be used.
- the heating gas supply unit 170 supplies water vapor as the heating gas.
- the heating gas supply unit 170 heats at least the biomass to which the germinated microorganisms adhere and is predetermined for the killing of the microorganisms.
- the gas species is not limited. For example, exhaust gas or air may be used.
- cooling gas supply part 180 demonstrated the structure which ventilates air etc. from the downward direction of the biomass accommodated in the storage container 160, if a biomass can be cooled, there will be no limitation in a ventilation direction.
- the positions and structures of the input port 160a and the carry-out port 160b may be in any form as long as the input work and the carry-out work are possible.
- a door may be provided so that a cart loaded with empty fruit bunches can be introduced into the storage container 160 and carried out of the storage container 160.
- the heating gas supply unit 170 supplies water vapor, thereby heating the biomass to which the germinated microorganisms adhere, and maintaining predetermined conditions required for killing the microorganisms.
- the heating means is not limited as long as the predetermined conditions required for killing the microorganisms can be maintained.
- the biomass may be heated by a heater, or far infrared rays may be irradiated.
- the structure for repeating the cooling process for germination, the germination condition maintaining process, and the sterilization process is described twice, but it may be repeated three or more times.
- each process of the biomass manufacturing method of this specification does not necessarily need to process in time series along the order described as a flowchart, and may process it in parallel.
- the present invention can be used for a biomass manufacturing method for manufacturing biomass and a biomass storage device for storing biomass.
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Abstract
Description
続いて、上記バイオマス製造システム100を用いたバイオマス製造方法について説明する。図3は、バイオマス製造方法の処理の流れを説明するためのフローチャートである。 (Biomass production method)
Then, the biomass manufacturing method using the said
蒸煮工程S110は、蒸煮装置110が、アブラヤシ果房に水蒸気を供給して90℃~110℃のうち予め定められた温度でアブラヤシ果房を蒸煮する工程である。蒸煮工程S110を遂行することにより、果実部分と、空果房との結合を弱めることができ、後段の脱果工程S120において果実部分と空果房との分離を容易にすることが可能となる。また、アブラヤシ果房に含まれるリパーゼ等の酵素を失活させることができ、果実部分に含まれる油の劣化を抑制することが可能となる。 (Steaming step S110)
The steaming step S110 is a step in which the
脱果工程S120は、蒸煮工程S110で蒸煮されたアブラヤシ果房を、脱果装置120が果実部分と、空果房とに分離する工程である。 (Defruiting step S120)
The fruit removal step S120 is a step in which the
投入工程(収容工程)S130では、まず、制御部185による制御指令に応じて、蓋部162bを駆動して搬出口160bを閉じるとともに、蓋部162aを駆動して投入口160aを開放する。なお、すでに、搬出口160bが閉じられている場合には、蓋部162bの駆動を実行せず、投入口160aが開放されている場合には、蓋部162aの駆動を実行しない。 (Input process (accommodation process) S130)
In the charging step (accommodating step) S130, first, according to a control command from the
発芽工程の一部を成す発芽用冷却工程S140は、蒸煮工程S110および脱果工程S120を遂行することによって製造された空果房を冷却または放置することで、空果房に付着し、蒸煮処理(蒸煮工程S110の処理)を受けた芽胞状態の微生物の、発芽に要する予め定められた条件を作り出す。ここで、芽胞状態の微生物の発芽に要する予め定められた条件は、空果房を常温(20℃~40℃のうち予め定められた温度)にすることである。 (Cooling process for germination S140)
The cooling process S140 for germination, which is a part of the germination process, adheres to the empty fruit bunch by cooling or leaving the empty fruit bunch produced by performing the steaming process S110 and the defruiting process S120, and is steamed. Predetermined conditions required for germination of the spore-like microorganisms that have been subjected to (treatment in the cooking step S110) are created. Here, the predetermined condition required for germination of the spore-like microorganism is that the empty fruit bunches are brought to room temperature (a predetermined temperature of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.).
発芽工程の一部を成す発芽条件維持工程S150では、上記発芽用冷却工程S140で作り出された、芽胞状態の微生物の発芽に要する予め定められた条件を、例えば、16時間~3日間のうち予め定められた時間維持する。 (Germination condition maintenance process S150)
In the germination condition maintaining step S150, which is a part of the germination step, the predetermined conditions required for germination of the spore-like microorganisms created in the germination cooling step S140 are set in advance, for example, in advance from 16 hours to 3 days. Maintain for a specified time.
殺菌工程S160は、発芽条件維持工程S150を遂行することによって発芽した微生物が付着した空果房を加熱することで、発芽した微生物の死滅に要する予め定められた条件を作り出し、維持する工程である。ここで、微生物の死滅に要する予め定められた条件は、空果房を例えば90℃~110℃のうち予め定められた温度にすることである。また、予め定められた条件を維持する時間は、例えば、30分~90分のうち予め定められた時間である。なお、ここでいう「殺菌」とは、少なくとも自然発火の発生が抑制できる程度に微生物を死滅させる処理を意味する。即ち、この用語は、当該微生物を全滅させる処理も意味する。 (Sterilization (sterilization) step S160)
The sterilization step S160 is a step of creating and maintaining a predetermined condition required for killing the germinated microorganisms by heating the empty fruit bunches to which the germinated microorganisms adhere by performing the germination condition maintaining step S150. . Here, the predetermined condition required for the killing of the microorganisms is to set the empty fruit bunches to a predetermined temperature of, for example, 90 ° C. to 110 ° C. In addition, the time for maintaining the predetermined condition is, for example, a predetermined time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes. Here, “sterilization” means a process of killing microorganisms to such an extent that the occurrence of spontaneous ignition can be suppressed. That is, this term also means a treatment that annihilates the microorganism.
図4は、第1変形例にかかるバイオマス製造システム200を説明するための図である。図4に示すように、第1変形例にかかるバイオマス製造システム200は、蒸煮装置110と、脱果装置120と、2つのバイオマス収容装置150(図4中、150A、150Bで示す)とを備える。つまり、上記バイオマス製造システム100と比較して、バイオマス製造システム200は、バイオマス収容装置150を2つ備える。以下、バイオマス収容装置150を2つ備えることによって、殺菌したバイオマスを毎日繰り返し搬出する手順について説明する。 (First modification)
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a
上述した実施形態では、発芽用冷却工程S140、発芽条件維持工程S150、殺菌工程S160を1回ずつ遂行することで、バイオマス(空果房)に付着した微生物を死滅させるバイオマス製造システム100およびこれを用いたバイオマス製造方法について説明した。しかし、発芽用冷却工程S140および発芽条件維持工程S150を遂行しても発芽しなかった芽胞状態の微生物が存在する場合、多少なりとも微生物が残存してしまうおそれがある。 (Second modification)
In the embodiment described above, by performing the germination cooling step S140, the germination condition maintaining step S150, and the sterilization step S160 one by one, the
発芽工程の一部を成す発芽用冷却工程S340は、発芽用冷却工程S140と同様に、1回目の殺菌工程S160によって加熱された空果房を冷却または放置することで、殺菌工程S160によってもなお空果房に残存した、芽胞状態の微生物の発芽に要する予め定められた条件を作り出す。ここでも、芽胞状態の微生物の発芽に要する予め定められた条件は、空果房を常温(20℃~40℃のうち予め定められた温度)にすることである。 (Cooling process for germination S340)
As in the germination cooling step S140, the germination cooling step S340, which is a part of the germination step, is performed by cooling or leaving the empty fruit bunch heated in the first sterilization step S160, so that the germination cooling step S340 can be continued. A predetermined condition required for germination of the spore-like microorganism remaining in the empty fruit bunches is created. Again, the predetermined condition required for germination of spore-like microorganisms is that the empty fruit bunches are at room temperature (a predetermined temperature of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.).
発芽工程の一部を成す発芽条件維持工程S350では、上記発芽用冷却工程S340で作り出された、芽胞状態の微生物の発芽に要する予め定められた条件を、例えば、16時間~3日間のうち予め定められた時間維持する。 (Sprouting condition maintaining step S350)
In the germination condition maintaining step S350 forming a part of the germination step, the predetermined conditions required for germination of the spore-like microorganisms created in the germination cooling step S340 are set in advance in, for example, 16 hours to 3 days. Maintain for a specified time.
殺菌工程S360では、殺菌工程S160と同様に、制御部185が加熱ガス供給部170を駆動して加熱ガス(ここでは、90℃~110℃のうち予め定められた温度の水蒸気)を、収容容器160内に供給して、例えば、30分~90分のうち予め定められた時間連続して、空果房に通流させる。このように、2回目の発芽用冷却工程S340、発芽条件維持工程S350を遂行することによって発芽した微生物が付着した空果房を加熱することで、微生物の死滅に要する予め定められた条件を維持する。ここでも、微生物の死滅に要する予め定められた条件は、空果房を90℃~110℃のうち予め定められた温度にすることである。また、予め定められた条件を維持する時間は、例えば、30分~90分のうち予め定められた時間である。なお、殺菌工程S160と同じく、ここでいう「殺菌」とは、少なくとも自然発火の発生が抑制できる程度に微生物を死滅させる処理を意味する。 (Sterilization (sterilization) step S360)
In the sterilization step S360, as in the sterilization step S160, the
上述したバイオマス製造システム100、200、300は、図9に示す固形燃料化装置190を更に備えてもよい。この場合、バイオマス収容装置150は、粉砕部192、乾燥部194、成形部196と共に、固形燃料化装置190を構成する。この図に示すように、粉砕部192、乾燥部194、成形部196は脱果装置120に続く上流側から順番に設置され、バイオマス収容装置150は、粉砕部192の前段、粉砕部192と乾燥部194の間、成形部196の後段の何れかに設置される。なお、空果房の状態(形状、湿度など)に応じて、粉砕部192、乾燥部194、成形部196の何れかを省略することも可能である。また、固形燃料化装置190、空果房に添加物を加える手段(図示せず)をさらに備えてもよい。 (Other variations)
The
本願発明者らは、1日目に空果房に100℃の水蒸気を30分供給し、放冷し、2日目に空果房に100℃の水蒸気を30分供給し、放冷し、3日目に空果房に100℃の水蒸気を30分供給し、放冷して実施例の試料(実施例の空果房)を作製した。 (Example)
The inventors of the present invention supplied 100 ° C. water vapor to the empty fruit bunches for 30 minutes on the first day, allowed to cool, and on the second day supplied 100 ° C. water vapor to the empty fruit bunches for 30 minutes, allowed to cool, On the third day, 100 ° C. water vapor was supplied to the empty fruit bunches for 30 minutes and allowed to cool to produce the sample of the example (empty fruit bunches of the example).
S140 発芽用冷却工程(発芽工程)
S150 発芽条件維持工程(発芽工程)
S160 殺菌(滅菌)工程
S340 発芽用冷却工程(発芽工程)
S350 発芽条件維持工程(発芽工程)
S360 殺菌(滅菌)工程
150 バイオマス収容装置
170 加熱ガス供給部
180 冷却ガス供給部
190 固形燃料化装置
200 バイオマス製造システム
300 バイオマス製造システム S110 Steaming process S140 Cooling process for germination (germination process)
S150 Germination condition maintenance process (germination process)
S160 Sterilization (sterilization) process S340 Cooling process for germination (germination process)
S350 Germination condition maintenance process (germination process)
S360 Sterilization (sterilization)
Claims (12)
- バイオマスを収容容器に収容する収容工程と、
前記バイオマスを冷却または放置することで、前記バイオマスに付着した芽胞状態の微生物の発芽に要する予め定められた条件を作り出し、維持する発芽工程と、
発芽した前記微生物が付着した前記バイオマスを加熱することで、前記微生物の死滅に要する予め定められた条件を作り出し、維持する殺菌工程と、
を含むことを特徴とするバイオマス製造方法。 A housing process for housing the biomass in a housing container;
A germination step of creating and maintaining a predetermined condition required for germination of spore-like microorganisms attached to the biomass by cooling or leaving the biomass; and
A sterilization step of creating and maintaining a predetermined condition for killing the microorganism by heating the biomass to which the germinated microorganism has adhered,
The biomass manufacturing method characterized by including. - 前記バイオマスの原料に水蒸気を供給することによって前記原料を蒸煮し、前記バイオマスを得る蒸煮工程を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The biomass production method according to claim 1, further comprising a steaming step of steaming the raw material to supply the biomass to obtain the biomass.
- 前記発芽工程及び前記殺菌工程は、大気圧下の前記収容容器内で遂行されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The method for producing biomass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the germination step and the sterilization step are performed in the container under atmospheric pressure.
- 前記発芽工程及び前記殺菌工程は、交互に複数回繰り返されることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The method for producing biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the germination step and the sterilization step are alternately repeated a plurality of times.
- 前記殺菌工程において、前記発芽した微生物が付着したバイオマスに水蒸気を供給することで、前記バイオマスが加熱されることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The method for producing biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the sterilization step, the biomass is heated by supplying water vapor to the biomass to which the germinated microorganisms adhere.
- 前記殺菌工程において、前記バイオマスは90℃~110℃のうち予め定められた温度で加熱されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The method for producing biomass according to claim 5, wherein, in the sterilization step, the biomass is heated at a predetermined temperature of 90 ° C to 110 ° C.
- 前記バイオマスの前記原料はアブラヤシであり、前記バイオマスは前記アブラヤシの脱果によって得られた空果房であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The method for producing biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the raw material of the biomass is oil palm, and the biomass is an empty fruit bunch obtained by defruiting the oil palm.
- 前記バイオマスを粉砕する粉砕工程と、前記粉砕工程によって粉砕されたバイオマスを乾燥する乾燥工程と、前記乾燥工程によって乾燥したバイオマスを粒状に成型する成型工程を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a pulverizing step of pulverizing the biomass, a drying step of drying the biomass pulverized by the pulverizing step, and a molding step of molding the biomass dried by the drying step into particles. The biomass production method according to claim 1.
- 前記発芽工程及び前記殺菌工程は、前記粉砕工程の前に行われることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The biomass production method according to claim 8, wherein the germination step and the sterilization step are performed before the pulverization step.
- 前記発芽工程及び前記殺菌工程は、前記粉砕工程と前記乾燥工程の間に行われることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The biomass production method according to claim 8, wherein the germination step and the sterilization step are performed between the pulverization step and the drying step.
- 前記発芽工程及び前記殺菌工程は、前記成型工程の後に行われることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のバイオマス製造方法。 The biomass production method according to claim 8, wherein the germination step and the sterilization step are performed after the molding step.
- バイオマスの原料に水蒸気を供給して前記原料を蒸煮することで得られた前記バイオマスを収容する収容容器と、
前記バイオマスに付着した、発芽した微生物の死滅温度以上に前記バイオマスを加熱するガスを、前記収容容器に収容された前記バイオマスに通流させる加熱ガス供給部と、
芽胞状態の前記微生物の発芽に要する温度に前記バイオマスを冷却する冷却ガスを、前記収容容器に収容された前記バイオマスに通流させる冷却ガス供給部と、
を備えたことを特徴とするバイオマス収容装置。 A container for containing the biomass obtained by steaming the raw material by supplying steam to the raw material of the biomass;
A heating gas supply unit for passing a gas for heating the biomass above the killing temperature of the germinated microorganism attached to the biomass, and flowing the biomass stored in the storage container;
A cooling gas supply section for passing a cooling gas for cooling the biomass to a temperature required for germination of the microorganism in a spore state, and the biomass stored in the storage container;
A biomass storage device comprising:
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MYPI2016701064A MY176220A (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-28 | Biomass production method and biomass storage apparatus |
JP2015538924A JP6137327B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-28 | Biomass production method and biomass storage device |
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WO2018185804A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社Ihi | Method for producing fuel |
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JPH05500305A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1993-01-28 | マウイ シイタケ トレイディング カンパニー,インコーポレイテッド | Substrate and method for culturing fungi including shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) |
JP2007144317A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Wada Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | Organic waste treatment apparatus and organic waste treatment method |
JP2007195956A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-08-09 | Akira Matsui | Sterilizer using sterilizing superheated steam under normal pressure and low oxygen environment |
WO2009069323A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-04 | Jfe Engineering Corporation | Process for producing ethanol from oil-palm empty fruit bunch, process for producing ethanol from plant biomass, and method of plant biomass pretreatment before saccharization |
JP2013527104A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2013-06-27 | バイオマックス ホールディングズ ピーティーイー エルティーディー | Organic waste treatment |
-
2014
- 2014-01-28 WO PCT/JP2014/051785 patent/WO2015045430A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-01-28 MY MYPI2016701064A patent/MY176220A/en unknown
- 2014-01-28 JP JP2015538924A patent/JP6137327B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH05500305A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1993-01-28 | マウイ シイタケ トレイディング カンパニー,インコーポレイテッド | Substrate and method for culturing fungi including shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) |
JP2007144317A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Wada Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | Organic waste treatment apparatus and organic waste treatment method |
JP2007195956A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-08-09 | Akira Matsui | Sterilizer using sterilizing superheated steam under normal pressure and low oxygen environment |
WO2009069323A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-04 | Jfe Engineering Corporation | Process for producing ethanol from oil-palm empty fruit bunch, process for producing ethanol from plant biomass, and method of plant biomass pretreatment before saccharization |
JP2013527104A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2013-06-27 | バイオマックス ホールディングズ ピーティーイー エルティーディー | Organic waste treatment |
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WO2018185804A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社Ihi | Method for producing fuel |
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JP6137327B2 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
MY176220A (en) | 2020-07-24 |
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