WO2015037237A1 - 有機発光装置、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機発光装置、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015037237A1 WO2015037237A1 PCT/JP2014/004680 JP2014004680W WO2015037237A1 WO 2015037237 A1 WO2015037237 A1 WO 2015037237A1 JP 2014004680 W JP2014004680 W JP 2014004680W WO 2015037237 A1 WO2015037237 A1 WO 2015037237A1
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- layer
- wiring
- light emitting
- metal
- organic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic light emitting device including a light emitting layer including an organic light emitting material sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the organic light emitting device is composed of, for example, a TFT (thin film transistor) substrate, an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode.
- the organic EL element includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a sealing layer, and the like as necessary. Examples of the organic light emitting device include an organic EL display panel having a plurality of pixels.
- an anode is formed as an independent electrode for each pixel, and a cathode is formed as an electrode common to a plurality of pixels.
- a voltage is applied to the cathode from the outer periphery of the cathode. Therefore, when the organic EL display panel is enlarged, a voltage drop occurs due to the electrical resistance of the cathode itself, and the distance from the outer peripheral portion of the cathode to each pixel of the cathode varies from pixel to pixel. There is a possibility that the voltage applied between them varies.
- Patent Document 1 a technique for suppressing variation in voltage applied between the anode and the cathode by electrically connecting the wiring provided on the substrate and the cathode is disclosed (Patent Document 1).
- the electrical connection is often made by bringing the wiring and the cathode into direct contact.
- a wet process may be used in the process of making a panel.
- an interlayer insulating layer formed on the TFT circuit and a partition layer for forming sub-pixels of RGB emission colors may be formed by applying a photosensitive material.
- the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer, and the light emitting layer constituting the organic EL element may be formed by applying an ink containing an organic material.
- a layer formed by this wet process may contain water or oxygen.
- a metal may be used as a material of a cathode, or an organic functional layer may contain a metal.
- each layer constituting the organic EL display panel is often formed in common for a plurality of pixels.
- an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal fluoride has a property of high electrical resistivity
- wiring is performed. There is a possibility that the electric resistance between the portion facing the wiring on the cathode and the wiring increases. In this case, it is difficult to suppress variations in the voltage applied to the cathode in each panel area.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an organic light-emitting device that suppresses the electrical resistance between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring while suppressing the penetration of water and oxygen into the cathode and the organic functional layer. It is to be.
- an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a wiring lined apart from the anode, and a light emission including an organic light-emitting material provided above the anode.
- An organic functional layer, and a cathode provided in common above the light emitting layer and the wiring via the organic functional layer, and the intermediate layer is made of a group consisting of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal And a second metal having a property of breaking the bond between the first metal and the fluorine in the first metal fluoride.
- the intermediate layer includes a first metal fluoride, a second metal having a property of breaking the bond between the first metal and fluorine in the first metal fluoride, including.
- first metal fluoride since the first metal fluoride is contained in the intermediate layer, it is possible to suppress intrusion of water and oxygen from the light emitting layer to the cathode and the organic functional layer.
- second metal since the second metal is included, at least a part of the fluoride of the first metal is disconnected, so that the fluoride of the first metal having a high electrical resistivity is reduced, and the wiring in the wiring and the cathode And the electric resistance between the opposing parts can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a part of the manufacturing process of the organic EL display panel shown in FIG. 1, wherein (a) is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which a TFT layer and an interlayer insulating layer are formed on a substrate.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a part of the manufacturing process of the organic EL display panel shown in FIG. 1, wherein (a) is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which a partition layer is formed on the hole injection layer.
- (b) is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer are formed in the opening of the partition wall layer, and (c) is sodium fluoride on the partition wall layer, the anode, and the wiring. It is a fragmentary sectional view showing the state where a layer was formed. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows a part of manufacturing process of the organic electroluminescent display panel shown in FIG. 1, Comprising: (a) shows the state by which the intermediate
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the compositions of Samples 1 to 12 used for measuring the electric resistance value between the wiring and the cathode in the organic EL display panel. It is a measurement result of the electrical resistance value between wiring and a cathode in an organic EL display panel.
- An organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a wiring lined apart from the anode, a light-emitting layer including an organic light-emitting material provided above the anode, the light-emitting layer, and An intermediate layer provided in common above the wiring, and an organic functional layer provided in common via the intermediate layer above the light emitting layer and the wiring, and having an electron injecting property or an electron transporting property;
- the first metal fluoride may be NaF or LiF.
- the second metal may be Ba.
- the second metal may have an electron injecting property or an electron transporting property
- the organic functional layer may contain the same type of metal as the second metal.
- the anode and the wiring may be made of the same material.
- the anode may be made of either ITO or IZO.
- the cathode may be made of a transparent conductive material.
- the transparent conductive material may be ITO.
- the organic light emitting device further comprising a hole injection layer provided in common between the anode and the light emitting layer and between the wiring and the intermediate layer, the hole injection layer, it may be configured in any of WO x and MoO x.
- the thickness of the organic functional layer may be not less than 25 nm and not more than 45 nm.
- the thickness of the organic functional layer may be not less than 30 nm and not more than 40 nm.
- a method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device includes a step of forming an anode and a wiring arranged in parallel with the anode, and a step of forming a light emitting layer containing an organic light emitting material above the anode. And a step of forming an intermediate layer above the light emitting layer and the wiring, and an organic functional layer having charge transporting property or charge injecting property through the intermediate layer above the light emitting layer and the wiring. And forming a cathode in common above the light emitting layer and the wiring via the organic functional layer, wherein the intermediate layer is made of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal.
- the step of forming the intermediate layer includes a step of depositing the second metal after depositing the fluoride of the first metal above the light emitting layer and the wiring. , May be included.
- FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the organic EL display panel 100.
- one pixel includes three sub-pixels corresponding to R (red), G (green), and B (blue).
- the organic EL display panel 100 is a so-called top emission type in which the upper side of FIG.
- the organic EL display panel 100 includes a substrate 11, an interlayer insulating layer 12, an anode 13, a wiring 14, a hole injection layer 15, a partition wall layer 16, a hole transport layer 17, light emitting layers 18R, 18G, and 18B, an intermediate layer 19, and an organic layer.
- a functional layer 20, a cathode 21, and a sealing layer 22 are provided.
- the substrate 11, the interlayer insulating layer 12, the hole injection layer 15, the intermediate layer 19, the organic functional layer 20, the cathode 21, and the sealing layer 22 are formed in common for a plurality of pixels included in the organic EL display panel 100. Yes.
- the configuration of each part of the organic EL display panel 100 will be described.
- the substrate 11 includes a base material 111 and a TFT layer 112.
- the base material 111 is made of an insulating material.
- a material of the base material 111 for example, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, styrene resin, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, polyether sulfone, polyethylene, polyester, silicon resin, or the like can be used.
- a glass substrate may be used as the base material 111.
- a drive circuit (not shown) composed of TFTs is formed for each sub-pixel.
- the interlayer insulating layer 12 is formed on the substrate 11.
- the interlayer insulating layer 12 is for flattening a step on the upper surface of the TFT layer 112.
- the interlayer insulating layer 12 is made of, for example, a positive photosensitive material.
- a positive photosensitive material an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, a siloxane resin, or a phenol resin can be used.
- the anode 13 is formed for each subpixel on the interlayer insulating layer 12.
- the anode 13 has a laminated structure of, for example, a light reflective conductive material and a transparent conductive material.
- a light-reflective conductive material silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum alloy, molybdenum (Mo), APC (alloy of silver, palladium, and copper), ARA (alloy of silver, rubidium, and gold), MoCr (Alloy of molybdenum and chromium), MoW (alloy of molybdenum and tungsten), NiCr (alloy of nickel and chromium), or the like can be used.
- the transparent conductive material ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), ZnO (zinc oxide), or the like can be used.
- the anode 13 may have a single layer structure of a light reflective conductive material.
- a contact hole is formed in the interlayer insulating layer 12 for each subpixel.
- a TFT connection wiring is embedded in the contact hole.
- the anode 13 is electrically connected to a drive circuit formed in the TFT layer 112 via a TFT connection wiring buried in the contact hole of the interlayer insulating layer 12.
- the wiring 14 is arranged in parallel on the interlayer insulating layer 12 so as to be separated from the anode 13.
- the wiring 14 has a laminated structure of a light reflective conductive material and a transparent conductive material.
- a light reflective conductive material silver, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or molybdenum can be used.
- a transparent conductive material ITO, IZO, ZnO or the like can be used.
- the anode 13 and the wiring 14 are made of the same material. Therefore, the anode 13 and the wiring 14 can be formed by a common process, which is simple.
- the anode 13 and the wiring 14 may be made of different materials.
- the wiring 14 may have a single layer structure of a highly conductive material such as silver or aluminum.
- the anode 13 is formed in a rectangular shape, and the wiring 14 is formed in a line shape.
- the anodes 13 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction of the figure.
- the two wirings 14 are arranged so as to sandwich three rows of anodes 13.
- the hole injection layer 15 has a function of promoting injection of holes from the anode 13 to the light emitting layer 18. Therefore, the hole injection layer 15 may not be formed on the wiring 14.
- the hole injection layer 15 is made of a metal oxide.
- the hole injection layer 15 is formed by, for example, a sputtering method.
- the metal oxide that is the material of the hole injection layer 15 include tungsten oxide (WO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), and iridium.
- An oxide such as (Ir) may be used.
- the hole injection layer 15 may be made of PEDOT (a mixture of polythiophene and polystyrene sulfonic acid), polyaniline, or the like. In this case, the hole injection layer 15 is formed by applying and drying ink. Since the partition layer is required for the ink application process, the hole injection layer 15 is formed by the ink application after the partition layer 16 is formed and before the hole transport layer 17 is formed.
- the hole injection layer 15 may be a combination of a layer formed by sputtering or the like and a layer formed by coating.
- the partition wall layer 16 is provided with openings 16a and 16b.
- the partition wall layer 16 covers a part of the upper surface of the anode 13 and the wiring 14 and exposes the remaining region of the upper surface of the anode 13 and the wiring 14. Since each opening 16a is provided on each anode 13 in a one-to-one correspondence, each opening 16a corresponds to each subpixel.
- the partition wall layer 16 has a function of preventing the applied ink from overflowing when the light emitting layer 18 is formed by a wet process.
- the partition layer 16 has a function as a structure for placing a vapor deposition mask when the light emitting layer 18 is formed by vapor deposition.
- the partition layer 16 is made of, for example, a positive photosensitive material. Specifically, a phenol resin, an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, a siloxane resin, or the like can be used as the material of the partition wall layer 16.
- the hole transport layer 17 has a function of transporting holes injected from the hole injection layer 15 to the light emitting layer 18. Therefore, the hole transport layer 17 may not be formed on the wiring 14.
- the hole transport layer 17 is formed by applying an organic material solution and drying.
- the organic material that is the material of the hole transport layer 17 a polymer compound such as polyfluorene or a derivative thereof, or polyarylamine or a derivative thereof can be used.
- the hole transport layer 17 includes a triazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, a polyarylalkane derivative, a pyrazoline derivative and a pyrazolone derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, an arylamine derivative, an amino-substituted chalcone derivative, an oxazole derivative, a styrylanthracene derivative, It may be formed of a fluorenone derivative, a hydrazone derivative, a stilbene derivative, a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, a butadiene compound, a polystyrene derivative, a hydrazone derivative, a triphenylmethane derivative, or a tetraphenylbenzine derivative.
- a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound may be
- the light emitting layers 18R, 18G, and 18B have a function of emitting light of R, G, and B colors by recombination of holes and electrons, respectively.
- the light emitting layers 18R, 18G, and 18B are collectively referred to as “light emitting layer 18”.
- the light emitting layer 18 is formed above the anode 13 and in an opening 16 a provided in the partition wall layer 16.
- the light emitting layer 18 includes an organic light emitting material.
- Organic light-emitting materials include, for example, oxinoid compounds, perylene compounds, coumarin compounds, azacoumarin compounds, oxazole compounds, oxadiazole compounds, perinone compounds, pyrrolopyrrole compounds, naphthalene compounds, anthracene compounds, fluorene compounds, fluoranthene compounds, tetracene compounds, pyrenes Compound, coronene compound, quinolone compound and azaquinolone compound, pyrazoline derivative and pyrazolone derivative, rhodamine compound, chrysene compound, phenanthrene compound, cyclopentadiene compound, stilbene compound, diphenylquinone compound, styryl compound, butadiene compound, dicyanomethylenepyran compound, dicyanomethylene Thiopyran compound, fluorescein compound, pyrylium compound, thiapyrylium Products, serenapyrylium compounds, telluropy
- the light emitting layer 18 may be made of polyfluorene or a derivative thereof, polyphenylene or a derivative thereof, a polymer compound such as polyarylamine or a derivative thereof, or the like, or a mixture of the low molecular compound and the polymer compound. In this case, the light emitting layer 18 is formed by applying and drying an organic material solution.
- the intermediate layer 19 is provided in common above the light emitting layer 18, the partition layer 16, and the wiring 14. That is, the intermediate layer 19 is provided in common for a plurality of pixels.
- the intermediate layer 19 includes a first metal fluoride and a second metal.
- the first metal is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- the fluoride of the first metal has the property of not allowing water and oxygen to pass through. Therefore, the intermediate layer 19 can suppress water and oxygen contained in the light emitting layer 18 from entering the organic functional layer 20 and the cathode 21.
- As the fluoride of the first metal sodium fluoride (NaF), lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), or the like can be used.
- the second metal has a property of breaking the bond between the first metal fluoride of the first metal and fluorine.
- barium (Ba), aluminum (Al), or the like can be used.
- Organic functional layer 20 is provided in common above the light emitting layer 18, the partition layer 16, and the wiring 14 via the intermediate layer 19. That is, the organic functional layer 20 is provided in common for a plurality of pixels. Further, the organic functional layer 20 exists between the light emitting layer 18 and the cathode 21 above the anode 13 and between the intermediate layer 19 and the cathode 21 above the wiring 14. For example, the organic functional layer 20 has a function as an electron transport layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode 21 to the light emitting layer 18.
- the organic functional layer 20 is made of, for example, an organic material containing a metal having an electron transport property.
- the electron transporting property of the organic functional layer 20 can be improved.
- an organic material of the organic functional layer 20 for example, an oxadiazole derivative (OXD), a triazole derivative (TAZ), a phenanthroline derivative (BCP, Bphen), or the like can be used.
- the metal contained in the organic functional layer 20 for example, barium, lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), cesium (Cs), sodium, rubidium (Rb), or the like can be used.
- the organic functional layer 20 may be comprised only with the organic material which has electron transport property.
- the cathode 21 is provided in common above the light emitting layer 18, the partition wall layer 16, and the wiring 14 via the organic functional layer 20.
- the cathode 21 is provided in common for a plurality of pixels.
- the cathode 21 is made of, for example, a transparent conductive material. By forming the cathode 21 with the transparent conductive material, light generated in the light emitting layer 18 can be extracted from the cathode 21 side.
- the transparent conductive material of the cathode 21 for example, ITO, IZO or the like can be used.
- MgAg magnesium silver
- light can be transmitted by setting the thickness of the cathode 21 to about several tens of nm.
- a sealing layer 22 is provided on the cathode 21.
- the sealing layer 22 has a function of suppressing water and oxygen from entering the organic functional layer 20 and the cathode 21 from the side opposite to the substrate 11.
- the sealing layer 22 is made of a light transmissive material, for example.
- silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), or the like can be used.
- a color filter or an upper substrate may be placed on the sealing layer 22 and bonded. By mounting and bonding the upper substrate, the light emitting layer 18 and the organic functional layer 20 are protected from moisture and oxygen.
- a substrate 11 on which an interlayer insulating layer 12 is laminated is formed.
- the anode 13 and the wiring 14 are formed on the interlayer insulating layer 12.
- a hole injection layer 15 is formed on the anode 13 and the wiring 14.
- the hole injection layer 15 may not be formed on the wiring 14.
- the hole injection layer 15 is formed by a coating process, it is formed after the partition layer 16 is formed and before the hole transport layer 17 is formed.
- the partition wall layer 16 provided with the openings 16a and 16b is formed.
- a hole transport layer 17 is formed on the anode 13 and the wiring 14, and a light emitting layer 18 is formed in the opening 16a.
- the hole transport layer 17 may not be formed on the wiring 14.
- the hole transport layer 17 and the light emitting layer 18 are formed by applying an ink containing an organic material and baking (drying) the ink.
- the hole transport layer 17 and the light emitting layer 18 are not limited to a wet process, and may be formed by, for example, a vacuum deposition method.
- a sodium fluoride layer 19 a is commonly deposited on the light emitting layer 18, the partition wall layer 16, and the wiring 14. Specifically, the sodium fluoride layer 19a is deposited using a vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method.
- an intermediate layer 19 is formed on the light emitting layer 18, the partition wall layer 16, and the wiring 14.
- the formation of the intermediate layer 19 is completed by depositing barium on the sodium fluoride layer 19a shown in FIG.
- barium When barium is deposited on the sodium fluoride layer 19a, it is considered that the barium enters the inside of the sodium fluoride layer 19a.
- the intermediate layer 19 containing sodium fluoride and barium is formed. This is because barium has the property of breaking the bond between sodium and fluorine in sodium fluoride. Therefore, in the intermediate layer 19, barium cuts the bond between sodium and fluorine in part of the sodium fluoride layer 19a, and sodium fluoride remains in part of the sodium fluoride layer 19a.
- the deposition of barium is specifically performed using a vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method.
- an organic functional layer 20 containing barium is formed on the intermediate layer 19.
- an organic functional layer material doped with barium is formed by depositing an organic functional layer material and barium using a vacuum evaporation method. Since the organic functional layer 20 contains barium, which is the same type of metal as the second metal contained in the intermediate layer 19, it is possible to reduce the types of materials to be prepared, and it is easy to manufacture.
- the cathode 21 and the sealing layer 22 are formed via the organic functional layer 20.
- the cathode 21 is formed by forming a film of ITO by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like.
- the sealing layer 22 is formed by depositing SiN using a sputtering method, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, or the like.
- the organic EL display panel 100 is completed through the above steps.
- a top emission type organic light emitting device such as the organic EL display panel 100
- the thickness of the cathode may be reduced in order to increase the light extraction efficiency.
- voltage variations are likely to occur within the panel surface of the cathode, so it is particularly useful to suppress the electrical resistance between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring. is there. 3. Study on Intermediate Layer
- barium breaks the bond at a part of the sodium fluoride layer 19a, and the bond remains as it is at the remaining part of the sodium fluoride layer 19a.
- the intermediate layer 19 is formed in common for a plurality of pixels for convenience.
- the sodium fluoride contained in the intermediate layer 19 has a property that electric resistivity is high.
- barium contained in the intermediate layer 19 breaks the bond between some sodium and fluorine in the sodium fluoride, so that the sodium fluoride contained in the intermediate layer 19 is reduced. Thereby, the electrical resistance value between the part which opposes the wiring 14 and the wiring 14 in the cathode 21 can be suppressed.
- Example 1 is an element formed by sequentially laminating a silicon substrate, an intermediate layer composed of a sodium fluoride layer 20 nm and a barium layer 2 nm, an organic functional layer 20 nm composed only of an organic material, and an aluminum layer 50 nm.
- Comparative Example 1 is different from that of Example 1 in that the intermediate layer is composed of only a 20 nm sodium fluoride layer, and barium to be deposited thereon is doped into the organic functional layer, so that barium and fluoride are formed. It is an element in which the amount of contact with sodium is significantly reduced. Further, the thicknesses of the sodium fluoride layer and the barium layer in the intermediate layer of Example 1 are the thicknesses when it is assumed that the sodium fluoride and the barium are formed in layers. The same applies to the elements used for the following measurements.
- FIG. 6A shows the analysis result of Example 1
- FIG. 6B shows the analysis result of Comparative Example 1.
- the horizontal axis indicates the sputter depth
- the vertical axis indicates the intensity of the ions jumped out by sputtering.
- an oxygen 1s orbital peak appears at a sputtering depth of 0 nm
- an aluminum 2s orbital appears at a sputtering depth of 0 to 40 nm.
- a peak of carbon 1s orbit appears at a sputter depth of 60 nm
- a barium 3d5 orbit appears at a sputter depth of 40 nm to 80 nm.
- fluorine 1s orbits and sodium 1s orbitals appear at a sputter depth of 50 nm to 100 nm.
- a silicon 2p orbital appears at a sputter depth of 80 nm or more.
- Example 1 the sputter depth at which the oxygen 1s orbital, the aluminum 2s orbital, the carbon 1s orbital, and the silicon 2p orbital appear is substantially the same as that in Comparative Example 1.
- the sputter depth at which barium 3d5 orbit, fluorine 1s orbit, and sodium 1s orbit appear in Example 1 is different from that in Comparative Example 1.
- the barium 3d5 orbit appears at a sputter depth of 40 nm to 80 nm in Comparative Example 1, and appears at a sputter depth of 50 nm to 90 nm in Example 1.
- strength of barium is small in the comparative example 1, it turns out that the amount of barium contained is small and the ratio which barium contacts with sodium fluoride is small.
- the fluorine 1s orbit and sodium 1s orbital appear at 50 nm to 100 nm in Comparative Example 1, and appear at a sputtering depth of 50 nm to 120 nm in Example 1, and the intensities of the fluorine 1s orbit and sodium 1s orbit in Example 1 are compared. Both are smaller than Example 1. This indicates that in Example 1, fluorine and sodium spread in the stacking direction of each layer.
- the intermediate layer of Example 1 is composed of a sodium fluoride layer of 20 nm and a barium layer of 2 nm.
- sodium fluoride and barium are mixed in the intermediate layer. It is thought that it is not structured.
- a wiring composed of a reflective electrode and a first transparent electrode, an intermediate layer containing sodium fluoride and a metal, an organic functional layer, and an organic light-emitting device in which a second transparent electrode is laminated
- the electrical resistance value between the portion of the cathode facing the wiring was measured. Twelve types of samples were prepared, and in each sample, a reflective electrode, a first transparent electrode, an organic functional layer, and a second transparent electrode were laminated.
- the reflective electrode has a thickness of 400 nm
- the first transparent electrode has a thickness of 5 nm
- the organic functional layer has a thickness of 35 nm.
- the composition of the intermediate layer and the organic functional layer in each sample is as shown in the table of FIG.
- the electric resistance value between the wiring in each sample and the part facing the wiring in the cathode is shown in the plot of FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the sample number
- the vertical axis represents the electric resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring.
- the electrical resistance value in Sample 1 whose intermediate layer contains only sodium fluoride is 1.4E + 06 ⁇ .
- the resistance value in Samples 2 to 12 in which the intermediate layer includes sodium fluoride and aluminum or barium is smaller than the electric resistance value 1.4E + 06 ⁇ between the wiring of Sample 1 and the portion facing the wiring in the cathode.
- the reason why the electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion facing the wiring in the cathode is reduced because the intermediate layer contains barium is that sodium and fluorine in sodium fluoride having a high electrical resistivity. This is thought to be because the sodium fluoride contained in the intermediate layer was reduced. The same is considered when the intermediate layer contains aluminum. In the case where the intermediate layer contains barium or aluminum, it is considered that the bond between sodium and fluorine in sodium fluoride is cut by the thermal energy when forming the metal material. In comparison between Samples 2 to 6 and Samples 7 to 12, the use of aluminum tends to have a smaller electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring than when barium is used. is there. This is presumably because aluminum is easier to decompose sodium fluoride.
- the thickness of sodium fluoride in Sample 2 and Sample 4 is different from 4.0 nm and 1.0 nm, respectively.
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring in sample 2 and the part facing the wiring in the cathode is 5.8E + 05 ⁇
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring in sample 4 and the part facing the wiring in the cathode is 1.4E + 05 ⁇ . is there.
- the electrical resistance value between the part which opposes the wiring and the wiring in a cathode becomes small when the thickness of sodium fluoride is small.
- the same can be said by comparing samples 3, 5, and 6, comparing samples 7 and 9, and comparing samples 8 and 10. The same applies to the metal thickness.
- Sample 7 and Sample 8 have barium thicknesses of 0.5 nm and 1.0 nm, respectively.
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring in sample 7 and the part facing the wiring in the cathode is 1.2E + 06 ⁇
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring in sample 8 and the part facing the wiring in the cathode is 8.1E + 05 ⁇ . is there.
- the electric resistance value between the part which opposes the wiring and the wiring in a cathode becomes small when the thickness of barium is large.
- Sample 2 and Sample 3 have barium concentrations of 20 wt% and 5 wt%, respectively.
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring in sample 2 and the part facing the wiring in the cathode is 5.8E + 05 ⁇
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring in sample 3 and the part facing the wiring in the cathode is 7.3E + 05 ⁇ . is there.
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring becomes smaller when the barium concentration is higher.
- the electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring is determined by the thickness of the sodium fluoride in the intermediate layer, the thickness of the metal, the type of metal, and the doping concentration of the metal in the electron transport layer. It can be controlled and can be greatly reduced.
- the organic EL display panel becomes hot during driving.
- the organic EL display panel is required to suppress uneven brightness even after long-term storage. Therefore, in the organic EL display panel immediately after preparation and after high-temperature storage, the electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring was measured. Specifically, three samples were prepared, and the electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring was measured. Further, after the three samples were stored at 80 ° C. for 240 hours, the electric resistance values were measured again.
- Sample 1 is an element in which a wiring composed of a reflective anode and a transparent electrode, an intermediate layer composed of only a sodium fluoride layer 4.0 nm, an organic functional layer 35.0 nm doped with 20 wt% of barium, and a transparent electrode are laminated.
- Sample 2 is an element in which the intermediate layer includes a sodium fluoride layer of 4.0 nm and a barium layer of 1.0 nm as compared to sample 1.
- Sample 3 is an element in which an intermediate layer includes 1.0 nm of a sodium fluoride layer and 0.5 nm of a barium layer with respect to sample 1.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a change in electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring when the element configuration is changed.
- the horizontal axis indicates the sample number
- the vertical axis indicates the electrical resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring
- the degree of deterioration of the electrical resistance value after high-temperature storage The left side of the bar graph of each sample is the electrical resistance value immediately after sample preparation, and the right side is the electrical resistance value after high-temperature storage.
- the round plot indicates the degree of deterioration of the electrical resistance value.
- the degree of deterioration is the ratio of the electrical resistance value after high temperature storage to the electrical resistance value immediately after sample preparation.
- the initial electrical resistance value is 1.4E + 06 ⁇ , and the electrical resistance value after high-temperature storage is 2.3E + 06 ⁇ . From this, it can be seen that the high-temperature resistance of the portion of the wiring and the cathode facing the wiring is insufficient only by inserting only the fluoride as the intermediate layer.
- the initial electrical resistance value is 1.0E + 06 ⁇ , and the electrical resistance value after high-temperature storage is 1.1E + 06 ⁇ , which indicates that an increase in electrical resistance value after high-temperature storage can be suppressed.
- the initial electrical resistance value is 5.6E + 05 ⁇ , and the electrical resistance value after high temperature storage is 8.0E + 06 ⁇ .
- the degree of deterioration was improved with respect to Sample 1, deterioration was still confirmed. This is presumably because the blocking property of the deteriorated component was lowered because the film thickness of the intermediate layer was thin.
- the intermediate layer contains sodium fluoride and barium, so that the electric resistance value between the wiring and the portion of the cathode facing the wiring is lowered and the electric resistance due to the temperature stress. An increase in value can also be suppressed. As a result, uneven brightness in the panel surface can be suppressed. In particular, in the case of the configuration as in Sample 2, the effect is remarkable.
- Example 2 which is an electronic-only element used for the measurement includes a reflective anode, a first transparent electrode 16.0 nm, a light emitting layer 110.0 nm, an intermediate layer composed of a sodium fluoride layer 4.0 nm and a barium layer 0.2 nm, An organic functional layer 35.0 nm and a second transparent electrode are laminated. Further, Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 differ in that the intermediate layer is composed of only the sodium fluoride layer 4.0 nm.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the electron current.
- the horizontal axis indicates the voltage applied to the electronic only element, and the vertical axis indicates the current density.
- the result about which the sample about Example 2 was produced and measured, respectively is shown by a circular plot.
- the result about which the sample about the comparative example 2 was produced and measured, respectively is shown by the rhombus plot.
- the current density with respect to the voltage in Example 2 is larger than the current density with respect to the voltage in Comparative Example 2, and the voltage at which the current density starts rising is also low.
- the element used for the measurement is an electron-only element
- the current density shown in the figure is the density of the electron current. Therefore, in Example 2, it can be said that the electron injection property from the organic functional layer to the light emitting layer was improved because the intermediate layer contained sodium fluoride and barium. (Luminous efficiency after high temperature storage) Similar to the portion of the wiring and the cathode facing the wiring, the light emitting portion can be considered to have a decrease in performance due to temperature stress. Therefore, the efficiency ratio of the element was measured when samples with different structures were stored at high temperature.
- the efficiency ratio of the device when the three samples were stored at 80 ° C. for 15 to 20 days was measured every few days from immediately after sample preparation.
- the efficiency ratio here is the ratio of the luminance per unit input current after high temperature storage to the luminance per unit input current immediately after sample preparation.
- Comparative Example 3 (1) is different from Example 2 in that the intermediate layer is composed only of a 4 nm sodium fluoride layer.
- Comparative Example 3 (2) is different from Example 2 in that no intermediate layer is included.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the high temperature storage days of the element and the efficiency ratio of the element.
- the horizontal axis indicates the number of days for high temperature storage, and the vertical axis indicates the efficiency ratio.
- the triangular plot shows Example 3, the square plot shows Comparative Example 3 (1), and the diamond plot shows Comparative Example 3 (2).
- Comparing Comparative Examples 3 (1) and 3 (2) it can be seen that the amount of decrease in the efficiency ratio is reduced by providing an intermediate layer made only of sodium fluoride. Furthermore, when Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 (1) are compared, by providing an intermediate layer containing sodium fluoride and barium, the efficiency ratio is lower than when an intermediate layer made only of sodium fluoride is provided. It can be seen that the amount has become even smaller and has hardly changed.
- Comparative Example 3 (2) the luminance per unit input current of the organic EL display device is considered to change due to oxidation of the metal contained in the organic functional layer and the cathode by impurities such as water and oxygen.
- the intermediate layer not only reduces the electrical resistance value of the part facing the wiring in the wiring and the cathode and increases the resistance to temperature stress, but also increases the amount of electron current in the EL light emitting part and resistance to the temperature stress. Has the effect of increasing. Thereby, it is possible to greatly suppress the luminance unevenness of the organic EL panel.
- the thickness of the organic functional layer is preferably 25 nm or more and 45 nm or less. In this range, 80% light extraction efficiency can be ensured with respect to the peak light extraction efficiency.
- the thickness of the organic functional layer is preferably 30 nm or more and 40 nm or less. In this range, it is possible to ensure a light extraction efficiency of 90% with respect to the peak light extraction efficiency.
- ⁇ Modification >> As described above, the present invention has been described based on the embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the following modifications can be implemented. 1. Wiring In the above embodiment, the shape of the wiring is a line shape.
- the shape of the wiring is not limited to this, and other shapes such as a mesh shape may be used.
- Upper substrate Although not shown in the above embodiment, an upper substrate may be placed on the sealing layer and bonded thereto. Thereby, it can further suppress that a water
- Electron Injection Layer The organic light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention may be provided with an electron injection layer as the organic functional layer. The electron injection layer has a function of promoting the injection of electrons from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- the electron injection layer is, for example, a low work function metal such as lithium, barium, calcium, potassium, cesium, sodium, or rubidium, a low work function metal salt such as lithium fluoride, or a low work function metal such as barium oxide (BaO). It is formed using an oxide or the like. 4).
- Hole injection layer and hole transport layer The organic light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer provided between the anode and the light emitting layer. Not only, but only one of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer may be provided. The organic light emitting device may not include the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. 5.
- the top emission type in which light is extracted from the opposite side of the substrate is used.
- the anode may have a single layer structure of a transparent conductive material. 6).
- Others in the above embodiment, an organic EL display panel is exemplified as the organic light emitting device.
- the organic light emitting device of the present invention can be applied not only to the organic EL display panel but also to a lighting device or the like.
- the present invention can be used for, for example, an organic EL display panel, a lighting device, and the like.
- an organic light emitting device used as a display for home or public facilities, various display devices for business use, a television device, various electronic devices, etc. And can be suitably used for the manufacturing method thereof.
- Organic EL Display Panel 11 Substrate 12 Interlayer Insulating Layer 13 Anode 14 Wiring 15 Hole Injection Layer 16 Partition Layer 17 Hole Transport Layer 18 Light-Emitting Layer 19 Intermediate Layer 20 Organic Functional Layer 21 Cathode 22 Sealing Layer
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様に係る有機発光装置は、陽極と、前記陽極と離間して並設された配線と、前記陽極の上方に設けられた、有機発光材料を含む発光層と、前記発光層および前記配線の上方に共通して設けられた中間層と、前記発光層および前記配線の上方に前記中間層を介して共通して設けられ、電子注入性または電子輸送性を有する有機機能層と、前記発光層および前記配線の上方に前記有機機能層を介して共通して設けられた陰極と、を備え、前記中間層は、アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属からなる群から選択された第1金属のフッ化物と、当該第1金属のフッ化物における第1金属とフッ素との結合を切る性質を有する第2金属とを含む、ことを特徴とする。
<<実施の形態>>
1.有機EL表示パネルの構成
以下、実施の形態に係る有機発光装置の一例である有機EL表示装置の構成について図1、図2を用いて説明する。
基板11は、基材111と、TFT層112とを含む。基材111は、絶縁性材料からなる。基材111の材料として、例えば、ポリイミド系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、シリコン系樹脂等を用いることができる。また、基材111としてガラス基板を用いてもよい。TFT層112には、TFTで構成される駆動回路(不図示)がサブ画素毎に形成されている。
層間絶縁層12は、基板11上に形成されている。層間絶縁層12は、TFT層112の上面の段差を平坦化するためのものである。層間絶縁層12は、例えば、ポジ型の感光性材料からなる。ポジ型の感光性材料として、アクリル系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、シロキサン系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂を用いることができる。
陽極13は、層間絶縁層12上にサブ画素毎に形成される。陽極13は、例えば、光反射性導電材料と、透明導電材料との積層構造からなる。光反射性導電材料として、銀(Ag)、アルミニウム(Al)、アルミニウム合金、モリブデン(Mo)、APC(銀、パラジウム、および銅の合金)、ARA(銀、ルビジウム、および金の合金)、MoCr(モリブデンとクロムとの合金)、MoW(モリブデンとタングステンとの合金)、NiCr(ニッケルとクロムとの合金)等を用いることができる。透明導電材料として、ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide)、ZnO(酸化亜鉛)等を用いることができる。陽極13は、光反射性導電材料の単層構造としてもよい。
配線14は、陽極13と離間して、層間絶縁層12上に並設されている。配線14は、光反射性導電材料と、透明導電材料との積層構造からなる。光反射性導電材料として、銀、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、モリブデンを用いることができる。透明導電材料として、ITO、IZO、ZnO等を用いることができる。陽極13と配線14とは同じ材料で構成されている。そのため、共通の工程で陽極13と配線14とを形成でき簡便である。なお、陽極13と配線14とは、異なる材料で構成されてもよい。具体的には、配線14は、銀やアルミニウムなどの高導電材料の単層構造からなってもよい。
正孔注入層15は、陽極13から発光層18への正孔の注入を促進させる機能を有する。そのため、正孔注入層15は配線14上に形成しなくてもよい。例えば、正孔注入層15は、金属酸化物で構成される。正孔注入層15の形成は、例えば、スパッタリング法で行われる。正孔注入層15材料である金属酸化物としては、酸化タングステン(WOx)、酸化モリブデン(MoOx)や、銀(Ag)、クロム(Cr)、バナジウム(V)、ニッケル(Ni)、イリジウム(Ir)等の酸化物を用いればよい。また、正孔注入層15は、PEDOT(ポリチオフェンとポリスチレンスルホン酸との混合物)やポリアニリン等を用いてもよい。この場合、正孔注入層15は、インクの塗布および乾燥により形成される。インク塗布の工程には隔壁層が必要となるため、インク塗布による正孔注入層15の形成は、隔壁層16形成後、正孔輸送層17形成前に行われる。また、正孔注入層15は、スパッタリング等で形成される層と塗布で形成される層とを組み合わせてもよい。
隔壁層16には開口部16a、16bが設けられる。隔壁層16は、陽極13および配線14の上面の一部の領域を被覆し、陽極13および配線14の上面の残りの領域を露出している。各陽極13上に各開口部16aが1対1で対応して設けられているため、各開口部16aが各サブ画素に対応することになる。
正孔輸送層17は、正孔注入層15から注入された正孔を発光層18へ輸送する機能を有する。そのため、正孔輸送層17は配線14上に形成しなくてもよい。正孔輸送層17の形成は、有機材料溶液の塗布および乾燥により行われる。正孔輸送層17材料である有機材料は、ポリフルオレンやその誘導体、あるいはポリアリールアミンやその誘導体等の高分子化合物を用いることができる。また、正孔輸送層17はトリアゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、ポリアリールアルカン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体及びピラゾロン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、アリールアミン誘導体、アミノ置換カルコン誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、スチリルアントラセン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、ポルフィリン化合物、芳香族第三級アミン化合物及びスチリルアミン化合物、ブタジエン化合物、ポリスチレン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、トリフェニルメタン誘導体、テトラフェニルベンジン誘導体で形成されてもよい。特に好ましくは、ポリフィリン化合物、芳香族第三級アミン化合物及びスチリルアミン化合物等を用いてもよい。この場合、正孔輸送層17は、真空蒸着法により形成される。
発光層18R,18G,18Bは、正孔と電子との再結合により、それぞれR、G、Bの各色の光を出射する機能を有する。以下、区別の必要が無いときには、発光層18R,18G,18Bを「発光層18」と総称する。発光層18は、陽極13の上方であって隔壁層16に設けられた開口部16aに形成されている。発光層18は、有機発光材料を含む。有機発光材料として、例えば、オキシノイド化合物、ペリレン化合物、クマリン化合物、アザクマリン化合物、オキサゾール化合物、オキサジアゾール化合物、ペリノン化合物、ピロロピロール化合物、ナフタレン化合物、アントラセン化合物、フルオレン化合物、フルオランテン化合物、テトラセン化合物、ピレン化合物、コロネン化合物、キノロン化合物およびアザキノロン化合物、ピラゾリン誘導体およびピラゾロン誘導体、ローダミン化合物、クリセン化合物、フェナントレン化合物、シクロペンタジエン化合物、スチルベン化合物、ジフェニルキノン化合物、スチリル化合物、ブタジエン化合物、ジシアノメチレンピラン化合物、ジシアノメチレンチオピラン化合物、フルオレセイン化合物、ピリリウム化合物、チアピリリウム化合物、セレナピリリウム化合物、テルロピリリウム化合物、芳香族アルダジエン化合物、オリゴフェニレン化合物、チオキサンテン化合物、シアニン化合物、アクリジン化合物、8-ヒドロキシキノリン化合物の金属鎖体、2-ビピリジン化合物の金属鎖体、シッフ塩とIII族金属との鎖体、オキシン金属鎖体、希土類鎖体等の蛍光物質を用いることができる。また、トリス(2-フェニルピリジン)イリジウムなどの燐光を発光する金属錯体等の公知の燐光物質を用いることができる。また、発光層18は、ポリフルオレンやその誘導体、ポリフェニレンやその誘導体、あるいはポリアリールアミンやその誘導体等の高分子化合物等、もしくは前記低分子化合物と前記高分子化合物の混合物を用いてもよい。この場合、発光層18は、有機材料溶液の塗布および乾燥により形成される。
中間層19は、発光層18、隔壁層16、および配線14の上方に共通して設けられている。すなわち、中間層19は複数の画素に共通に設けられている。中間層19は、第1金属のフッ化物と、第2金属とを含む。第1金属は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属からなる群から選択される。第1金属のフッ化物は、水や酸素を通さない性質を有する。そのため、中間層19は、発光層18に含まれる水や酸素が、有機機能層20や陰極21に侵入することを抑制できる。第1金属のフッ化物としては、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化セシウム(CsF)等を用いることができる。第2金属は、第1金属のフッ化物の第1金属とフッ素との結合を切る性質を有する。第2金属としては、バリウム(Ba)、アルミニウム(Al)等を用いることができる。
有機機能層20は、発光層18、隔壁層16、および配線14上方に中間層19を介して共通して設けられている。すなわち、有機機能層20は、複数の画素に共通に設けられている。また、有機機能層20は、陽極13の上方における発光層18と陰極21との間、および配線14の上方における中間層19と陰極21との間に存在している。有機機能層20は、例えば、有機機能層20は、陰極21から注入された電子を発光層18へ輸送する電子輸送層としての機能を有する。有機機能層20は、例えば、電子輸送性を有する金属を含む有機材料からなる。電子輸送性を有する金属を含むことで、有機機能層20の電子輸送性を向上できる。有機機能層20の有機材料としては、例えば、オキサジアゾール誘導体(OXD)、トリアゾール誘導体(TAZ)、フェナンスロリン誘導体(BCP、Bphen)等を用いることができる。有機機能層20に含まれる金属は、例えば、バリウム、リチウム(Li)、カルシウム(Ca)、カリウム(K)、セシウム(Cs)、ナトリウム、ルビジウム(Rb)等を用いることができる。なお、有機機能層20は、電子輸送性を有する有機材料のみで構成されてもよい。
陰極21は、発光層18、隔壁層16、および配線14上方に有機機能層20を介して、共通して設けられている。陰極21は、複数の画素に共通に設けられている。陰極21は、例えば、透明導電材料からなる。透明導電材料で陰極21が構成されることにより、発光層18で発生した光を陰極21側から取り出すことができる。陰極21の透明導電材料として、例えば、ITO、IZO等を用いることができる。これ以外にも、例えば、陰極21は、MgAg(マグネシウム銀)を用いることができる。この場合、陰極21の厚みを数10nm程度とすることで、光を透過させることができる。
陰極21の上には、封止層22が設けられている。封止層22は、基板11と反対側から有機機能層20や陰極21への水や酸素の侵入を抑制する機能を有する。封止層22は、例えば、光透過性材料からなる。光透過性材料としては、窒化シリコン(SiN)、酸窒化シリコン(SiON)等を用いることができる。
なお、図1には図示しないが、封止層22の上にカラーフィルタや上部基板を載置し、接合してもよい。上部基板の載置および接合により、水分および酸素等から、発光層18、有機機能層20の保護が図られる。
2.有機EL表示パネルの製造方法
次に、有機EL表示パネル1の製造方法の一例を、図3~図5の断面図を用いて説明する。
3.中間層に関する検討
有機EL表示パネル100における中間層19では、バリウムが、フッ化ナトリウム層19aの一部で結合を切り、フッ化ナトリウム層19aの残部で結合がそのまま残っている。そのため、陽極13上方において、結合が残ったフッ化ナトリウムにより発光層18から有機機能層20および陰極21への水や酸素の侵入を抑制できる。一方、中間層19は、簡便のために、複数の画素に共通に形成される。ここで、中間層19に含まれるフッ化ナトリウムは電気抵抗率が大きいという性質を有する。この構成では、中間層19に含まれるバリウムがフッ化ナトリウムのうち一部のナトリウムとフッ素との結合を切るため、中間層19に含まれるフッ化ナトリウムが少なくなる。これにより、配線14と陰極21における配線14と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値を抑制できる。その結果、パネル面内での陰極21の電圧のばらつきを抑制できる。以下、これについて、実験を行い検証した。
(フッ化ナトリウムの分解性の解析)
実施例1と比較例1とのサンプルをそれぞれ作製し、SIMS(二次イオン質量分析法)で分析を行った。実施例1は、シリコン基板、フッ化ナトリウム層20nmおよびバリウム層2nmからなる中間層、有機材料のみからなる有機機能層20nm、およびアルミニウム層50nmを順に積層して形成した素子である。一方、比較例1の構成は、実施例1に対して、中間層をフッ化ナトリウム層20nmのみで構成し、その上部に成膜すべきバリウムを有機機能層中にドープさせ、バリウムとフッ化ナトリウムとの接触量を著しく低下させた素子である。また、実施例1の中間層におけるフッ化ナトリウム層およびバリウム層の厚みは、フッ化ナトリウムおよびバリウムを層状に成膜すると仮定した場合での厚みである。以下の測定に用いた素子についても同様である。
(配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値低減効果)
次に、配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値の低減検証を行った。具体的には、反射電極と第1透明電極とからなる配線、フッ化ナトリウムと金属とを含む中間層、有機機能層、および第2透明電極を積層した有機発光装置を作製して、配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値の測定を行った。サンプルは12種類作製し、いずれのサンプルも、反射電極、第1透明電極、有機機能層、および第2透明電極が積層されている。反射電極の厚みは400nmであり、第1透明電極の厚みは5nmであり、有機機能層の厚みは35nmである。各サンプルにおける、中間層および有機機能層の組成は、図7の表に示す通りである。また、各サンプルにおける配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値は図8のプロットに示している。同図における横軸はサンプル番号であり、縦軸は配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値を示す。
(高温保管後の電気抵抗値)
有機EL表示パネルは駆動中に高温になることが考えられる。また、有機EL表示パネルには、長期間の保管後にも輝度むらが抑制されることが求められる。そこで、準備直後および高温保管後の有機EL表示パネルにおいて、配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値を測定した。具体的には、3つのサンプルを準備し、配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分との間の電気抵抗値を測定した。さらに、3つのサンプルを80℃で240時間保管した後、当該電気抵抗値を再び測定した。サンプル1は、反射陽極と透明電極とからなる配線、フッ化ナトリウム層4.0nmのみからなる中間層、バリウムが20wt%でドープされた有機機能層35.0nm、透明電極を積層した素子である。サンプル2は、サンプル1に対し、中間層がフッ化ナトリウム層4.0nmとバリウム層1.0nmとを含む素子である。サンプル3は、サンプル1に対し、中間層がフッ化ナトリウム層1.0nmとバリウム層0.5nmとを含む素子である。
(電子電流の測定)
次に、当該中間層をEL発光部に導入した場合の陽極と陰極との間の電気抵抗値について検証する。具体的には、電子オンリー素子を作製し、電子電流を測定して検証を行った。測定に用いた電子オンリー素子である実施例2は、反射陽極、第1透明電極16.0nm、発光層110.0nm、フッ化ナトリウム層4.0nmとバリウム層0.2nmとからなる中間層、有機機能層35.0nmおよび第2透明電極を積層したものである。また、比較例2、実施例2では、中間層がフッ化ナトリウム層4.0nmのみからなる点で異なる。
(高温保管後の発光効率)
配線と陰極における配線と対向する部分と同様に、発光部でも温度ストレスによる性能の低下が考えられる。そこで、構造の異なるサンプルを高温保管したときの素子の効率比を測定した。具体的には、3つのサンプルを80℃で15日~20日保管したときの素子の効率比を、サンプルの準備直後から数日おきに測定した。ここでいう効率比とは、サンプルの準備直後の単位投入電流当たりの輝度に対する、高温保管後の単位投入電流当たりの輝度の割合である。実施例3は、ガラス基板に、酸化インジウム亜鉛50nm、ホール注入層5もしくは35nm、ホール輸送層10nm、発光層50nm、フッ化ナトリウム層4nmとバリウム層2nmとからなる中間層、バリウムを5wt%でドープした有機機能層35nm、およびアルミニウム120nmを積層した素子である。比較例3(1)は、実施例2に対し、中間層がフッ化ナトリウム層4nmのみからなるものである。比較例3(2)は、実施例2に対し、中間層を含まないものである。
なお、有機機能層の厚みは、25nm以上45nm以下であることが好ましい。この範囲では、ピーク光取出し効率に対して80%の光取出し効率が確保できる。また、有機機能層の厚みは、30nm以上40nm以下であることが望ましい。この範囲では、ピーク光取出し効率に対して90%の光取出し効率が確保できる。
<<変形例>>
以上、本発明を実施の形態に基づいて説明してきたが、本発明が上述の実施の形態に限定されないのは勿論であり、以下のような変形例を実施することが出来る。
1.配線
上記実施の形態では、配線の形状は、ライン状であった。しかしながら、これに限らず、配線の形状はメッシュ状など他の形状であってもよい。
2.上部基板
上記実施の形態では示していないが、封止層上に上部基板を載置し、接合してもよい。これにより、水分および酸素が、基板と反対側から有機機能層や陰極に侵入することをさらに抑制できる。
3.電子注入層
本発明の実施の一形態に係る有機発光装置は、有機機能層として電子注入層を設けてもよい。電子注入層は、陰極から発光層への電子の注入を促進させる機能を有する。電子注入層は、例えば、リチウム、バリウム、カルシウム、カリウム、セシウム、ナトリウム、ルビジウム等の低仕事関数金属、およびフッ化リチウム等の低仕事関数金属塩、酸化バリウム(BaO)等の低仕事関数金属酸化物等を用いて形成されている。
4.正孔注入層および正孔輸送層
本発明の実施の一形態に係る有機発光装置は、陽極と発光層との間に設けられた正孔注入層および正孔輸送層を備えていたが、これに限らず、正孔注入層および正孔輸送層の一方のみを備えてもよい。また、有機発光装置は、正孔注入層および正孔輸送層を備えなくてもよい。
5.構成
上記実施の形態では、基板と反対側から光を取り出すトップエミッション型であったが、これに限らず、ボトムエミッション型であってもよい。ボトムエミッション型である場合には、陽極を透明導電材料の単層構造とすればよい。
6.その他
上記実施の形態では、有機発光装置として有機EL表示パネルを例示した。しかしながら、有機EL表示パネルに限らず、照明装置等にも、本発明の有機発光装置を適用できる。
11 基板
12 層間絶縁層
13 陽極
14 配線
15 正孔注入層
16 隔壁層
17 正孔輸送層
18 発光層
19 中間層
20 有機機能層
21 陰極
22 封止層
Claims (13)
- 陽極と、
前記陽極と離間して並設された配線と、
前記陽極の上方に設けられた、有機発光材料を含む発光層と、
前記発光層および前記配線の上方に共通して設けられた中間層と、
前記発光層および前記配線の上方に前記中間層を介して共通して設けられ、電子注入性または電子輸送性を有する有機機能層と、
前記発光層および前記配線の上方に前記有機機能層を介して共通して設けられた陰極と、
を備え、
前記中間層は、アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属からなる群から選択された第1金属のフッ化物と、当該第1金属のフッ化物における第1金属とフッ素との結合を切る性質を有する第2金属とを含む、
ことを特徴とする有機発光装置。 - 前記第1金属のフッ化物は、NaFおよびLiFのいずれかである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記第2金属は、Baである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記第2金属は、電子注入性または電子輸送性を有し、
前記有機機能層は、前記第2金属と同じ種類の金属を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記陽極と前記配線とは同じ材料で構成される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記陽極が、ITOおよびIZOのいずれかで構成される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記陰極が、透明導電材料で構成される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記透明導電材料は、ITOである、
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記陽極と前記発光層との間および前記配線と前記中間層との間に共通して設けられた正孔注入層を備え、
前記正孔注入層は、WOxおよびMoOxのいずれかで構成される、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記有機機能層の厚みは、25nm以上45nm以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 前記有機機能層の厚みは、30nm以上40nm以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機発光装置。 - 陽極および当該陽極と離間して並設される配線を形成する工程と、
前記陽極上方に、有機発光材料を含む発光層を形成する工程と、
前記発光層および前記配線の上方に、中間層を形成する工程と、
前記発光層および前記配線の上方に前記中間層を介して、電荷輸送性または電荷注入性を有する有機機能層を共通して形成する工程と、
前記発光層および前記配線の上方に前記有機機能層を介して、陰極を共通して形成する工程と、
を含み、
前記中間層は、アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属からなる群から選択された第1金属のフッ化物と、当該第1金属のフッ化物における第1金属とフッ素との結合を切る第2金属とを含む、
ことを特徴とする有機発光装置の製造方法。 - 前記中間層を形成する工程は、
前記発光層および前記配線の上方に、前記第1金属のフッ化物を堆積した後、前記第2金属を堆積する工程、
を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の有機発光装置の製造方法。
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