WO2015033464A1 - 磁気センサ素子 - Google Patents
磁気センサ素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015033464A1 WO2015033464A1 PCT/JP2013/074223 JP2013074223W WO2015033464A1 WO 2015033464 A1 WO2015033464 A1 WO 2015033464A1 JP 2013074223 W JP2013074223 W JP 2013074223W WO 2015033464 A1 WO2015033464 A1 WO 2015033464A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3286—Spin-exchange coupled multilayers having at least one layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/098—Magnetoresistive devices comprising tunnel junctions, e.g. tunnel magnetoresistance sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic sensor element using a magnetoresistive effect element.
- An MTJ (Magnetic Tunneling Junction) element that utilizes a tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) effect is promising as a small and low power consumption magnetic sensor.
- the basic configuration of the MTJ element is a structure in which an insulating barrier layer is sandwiched between two ferromagnetic layers (a fixed layer and a free layer). The magnetization direction of the fixed layer is fixed in one direction, while the magnetization direction of the free layer is rotated by an external magnetic field. Since the resistance of the element changes depending on the angle difference between the two magnetization directions, a change in the external magnetic field can be detected as a resistance change in the element.
- the present invention is an MTJ element that is excellent in miniaturization and high sensitivity that can measure magnetic fields in multiple directions with a high sensitivity, or a high sensitivity with a narrow element and a wide range of magnetic fields with a single element.
- a magnetic sensor element having a plurality of MTJ structures in which a ferromagnetic layer having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a ferromagnetic layer having in-plane magnetic anisotropy are combined is proposed.
- CoFeB capable of controlling the perpendicular / in-plane magnetic anisotropy depending on the film thickness is used for the ferromagnetic layer.
- a magnetic sensor element includes a free layer whose magnetization direction is changed by an external magnetic field, a fixed layer whose magnetization direction is fixed in one direction, and an oxide tunnel barrier disposed between the free layer and the fixed layer.
- a magnetic sensor element comprising at least two tunnel magnetoresistive effect elements each having a layer, each tunnel magnetoresistive effect element having an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer on the upper and lower sides, and the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer Is connected to an electrode terminal for measuring the resistance of the tunnel magnetoresistive effect element, and at least one of the tunnel magnetoresistive effect elements has the easy axis direction of the free layer and the fixed layer orthogonal to the in-plane and perpendicular directions. Yes.
- the easy axis of magnetization of the fixed layer is in the vertical direction.
- the easy axis of the free layer is in the vertical direction.
- the magnetic sensor element of the present invention When the magnetic sensor element of the present invention is used, a single element can sense a magnetic field in two or more directions, so that the mounting space can be reduced and a smaller magnetic sensor can be realized. In addition, when a type of element having sensitivity in each of a weak magnetic field region and a strong magnetic field region is used, space saving and cost reduction are possible.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the magnetic sensor element of Example 1. Schematic diagram showing the relationship between external magnetic field and resistance change of MTJ structure The schematic diagram which shows the relationship between the external magnetic field of MTJ structure, and resistance change. The cross-sectional schematic diagram which showed the magnetic sensor element of Example 1 by the more specific shape. The schematic diagram which showed the more practical mounting form of the magnetic sensor element of Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a mounting form of the magnetic sensor element according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a layout diagram of magnetic sensor elements for realizing a magnetic field sensor in three axial directions.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic sensor element of Example 2.
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram showing the relationship between external magnetic field and resistance change of MTJ structure
- the cross-sectional schematic diagram which showed the magnetic sensor element of Example 1 by the more specific shape.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the external magnetic field dependence of the resistance of the magnetic sensor element of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic sensor element of Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic sensor element of Example 4.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic sensor element of Example 5.
- Example 1 proposes a magnetic sensor capable of measuring a magnetic field in two directions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sensor element according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the sensor element is formed by laminating a plurality of metal thin films and insulator thin films on a wafer substrate. In this device, an upper MTJ structure 71 and a lower MTJ structure 72 are stacked, and an insulating spacer layer 40 is disposed between them.
- the MTJ structure 72 is a magnetic sensor structure using a conventional in-plane magnetic anisotropy ferromagnetic layer.
- the lower electrode 34 is composed of a laminated film laminated in the order of Ta (film thickness: 5 nm) / Ru (film thickness: 10 nm) / Ta (film thickness: 5 nm) / NiFe (3 nm) from the bottom.
- MnIr (8 nm) is laminated as an antiferromagnetic layer 42.
- the pinned layer second ferromagnetic layer 25 the nonmagnetic layer 41, and the pinned layer first ferromagnetic layer 24 are laminated in this order.
- the pinned layer second ferromagnetic layer 25 is Co 50 Fe 50 (2.5 nm), the nonmagnetic layer 41 is Ru (0.8 nm), and the pinned layer first ferromagnetic layer 24 is Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (3 nm). ).
- the magnetizations 64 and 65 of the fixed layer first ferromagnetic layer 24 and the fixed layer second ferromagnetic layer 25 are stabilized antiparallel to each other by antiferromagnetic coupling via Ru of the nonmagnetic layer 41.
- This is a fixed layer having a so-called laminated ferri structure, which is effective for strongly fixing the magnetization of the fixed layer.
- MgO 1.5 nm
- Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (2 nm) as the free layer 23
- Ta (5 nm) / Ru (5 nm) as the upper electrode 33.
- Electrode terminals 53 and 54 for measuring resistance are connected to the upper electrode 33 and the lower electrode 34, respectively.
- the magnetization 65 of the fixed layer is strongly fixed in the + y direction in the figure by the exchange bias of the antiferromagnetic layer 42.
- the magnetization 64 of the fixed layer is stabilized in antiparallel to the magnetization 65, and is thus fixed in the ⁇ y direction.
- the magnetization 63 of the free layer has the easy axis in the x direction. That is, in a situation where there is no external magnetic field, the magnetization easy axis of the magnetization 63 of the free layer and the magnetization 64 of the fixed layer opposed via the barrier layer 12 are orthogonal in the plane. This is the initial state.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the external magnetic field and resistance change of this MTJ structure. As shown in the drawing, the magnetic field can be sensed using a region where the resistance changes linearly according to the external magnetic field.
- the lower electrode 32 is composed of a laminated film laminated in the order of Ta (film thickness: 5 nm) / Ru (film thickness: 10 nm) / Ta (film thickness: 5 nm) from the bottom.
- the fixed layer 22, the barrier layer 11, and the free layer 21 are laminated in this order.
- the fixed layer 22 was Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (1 nm)
- the barrier layer 11 was MgO (1.5 nm)
- the free layer 21 was Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (2 nm).
- a Ta (5 nm) / Ru (5 nm) laminated film is formed thereon as the upper electrode 31.
- Electrode terminals 51 and 52 for measuring resistance are connected to the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32, respectively.
- the magnetization 62 of the fixed layer 22 is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the film surface. This is because Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 has a thin film thickness of about 1 nm, which increases the influence of interfacial magnetic anisotropy with the MgO interface, and the easy axis of magnetization changes from within the film surface to the film surface perpendicular direction. It is.
- the magnetization 61 of the free layer 21 faces the x direction in the film plane.
- the free layer 21 is relatively thick 2 nm Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 and the easy axis of magnetization is in the in-plane direction. Since the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the fixed layer 22 is generally stronger than the in-plane magnetic anisotropy, the magnetization 62 can be stably fixed without an antiferromagnetic layer. If the magnetization of the fixed layer 22 is to be fixed more strongly, an antiferromagnetic layer may be inserted between the lower electrode 32 and the fixed layer 22 as necessary.
- the magnetization 61 of the free layer faces the in-film direction
- the magnetization 62 of the fixed layer faces the direction perpendicular to the film surface, and they are orthogonal to each other.
- the magnetization 61 of the free layer rotates so as to face the + z direction and approaches an antiparallel arrangement with the magnetization 62, so that the resistance increases.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the external magnetic field and resistance change of this MTJ structure. As shown in the drawing, the magnetic field can be sensed using a region where the resistance changes linearly according to the external magnetic field.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the element structure.
- the element is processed into a stepped pillar so that an electrode can be connected from above to a predetermined layer of the laminated thin film constituting the element.
- a manufacturing method a laminated thin film is first formed on an Si substrate 5 with a thermal oxide film by using an RF sputtering method using Ar gas. The material and film thickness of each thin film are as described above.
- the entire laminated thin film is processed into a 45 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m pillar shape (A side: 45 ⁇ m in the figure) as viewed from above using photolithography and ion beam etching. Subsequently, it is processed into a pillar shape of 40 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m size (B side: 40 ⁇ m in the figure) smaller than the pillar. At that time, the etching is stopped at the upper part of the lower electrode 34. Similarly, it is then processed into a smaller pillar shape with a size of 35 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m (C side: 35 ⁇ m in the figure). At that time, etching is stopped at the upper part of the upper electrode 33.
- heat treatment is performed twice in order to increase the magnetization of the fixed layer and the resistance change ratio (TMR ratio).
- first heat treatment treatment at 300 ° C. is performed with a magnetic field applied in the x direction.
- the easy axes of the free layer 21 and the free layer 23 are oriented in the x direction.
- Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (free layer 21, fixed layer 22, free layer 23, fixed layer 24), which was amorphous using MgO barrier layers 11 and 12 as a template, was oriented to bcc (001) and had a high TMR. Realize the ratio.
- second heat treatment a treatment at 200 ° C. is performed with a magnetic field applied in the y direction.
- the magnetizations of the fixed layers 24 and 25 of the MTJ structure 72 are fixed in the y direction as shown in FIG. Since the heat treatment temperature at this time is lower than the first time, the easy axes of the free layers 21 and 23 fixed in the x direction in the first treatment do not change. Further, since the magnetization easy axis of the pinned layer 22 having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is stable in the direction perpendicular to the film surface regardless of the direction of magnetic field application during heat treatment, the magnetization direction of each ferromagnetic layer is as shown in FIG. It becomes stable with a simple arrangement.
- the MTJ structures 71 and 72 manufactured by the above method showed the operation shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the maximum TMR ratio was 100%.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a more practical mounting form of the magnetic sensor element of the present embodiment.
- a reset function is provided when the magnetization of the fixed layer of the magnetic sensor 70 is reversed due to some factor.
- a coil 92 is formed on an insulating substrate 91, and a magnetic field 93 in a direction perpendicular to the film surface (-z direction) is generated by passing a current through the coil 92.
- the substrate 94 is formed with an 8-shaped coil 95 in which coils having different winding directions are paired, and a current is passed through this to generate a magnetic field in the y direction.
- These coil substrates are arranged so as to overlap the substrate 5 on which the sensor element 70 is formed, and current is passed through the coils as necessary to generate magnetic fields in the y and z directions, thereby initializing the magnetization of the fixed layer. It becomes possible to return to the state.
- the first embodiment it is possible to sense magnetic fields in two directions of the y direction and the z direction with one element by the structure in which the MTJ structure 71 and the MTJ structure 72 are stacked. As a result, it is possible to reduce the space that conventionally required two magnetic sensors for each magnetic field direction, and further simplify the mounting for wiring a plurality of magnetic sensors, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.
- the magnetic sensor of the first embodiment for example, when applied to an electronic compass for measuring geomagnetism, if the elements are laid and arranged so as to have sensitivity in two horizontal axes (x axis and y axis), the horizontal plane The direction at can be measured.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the implementation.
- the element of the present embodiment is laid on the substrate 4, and the two MTJ structures 71 and 72 are arranged in the xy plane.
- the arrow in the figure indicates the easy axis direction of the free layer in each MTJ structure.
- the MTJ structure 71 has sensitivity in the x direction in the figure
- the MTJ structure 72 has sensitivity in the y direction.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an arrangement of magnetic sensor elements for realizing a magnetic field sensor in three axial directions.
- the lower MTJ structure 72 measures the magnetic field in the horizontal x and y directions, and the upper MTJ of the two sensor elements.
- Both structures 71 measure the magnetic field in the vertical z direction.
- This configuration is also effective in saving space and facilitating mounting as compared with a conventional mounting configuration in which three sensor elements with single-axis sensitivity are arranged.
- the sensor element of the present embodiment can be applied to a magnetic sensor system that is installed at the distal end of a catheter and senses position and posture information of the distal end in medical applications.
- the film thickness of CoFeB used for the fixed layer 22 in this example is 0.5 nm or more at the minimum, 3 nm or less at the maximum, and more preferably between 1 nm and 2 nm. This is because if the CoFeB film is too thin, it will not function as a ferromagnetic material, whereas if it is too thick, the strength of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy will decrease.
- Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 is used for the free layers 21 and 23 and the fixed layers 22 and 24.
- other compositions such as Co 40 Fe 40 B 20 are used. Also good.
- CoFeB materials having a bcc crystal structure
- materials other than CoFeB as a material having a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the pinned layer 22, and for example Co 75 Pt 25, Co 50 Pt 50, Fe 50 Pt 50, Fe 50 L1 0 type ordered alloy such as Pd 50, m-D0 19 type Co 75 Pt 25 ordered alloy, or a material having a granular structure in which a granular magnetic material such as CoCrPt—SiO 2 or FePt—SiO 2 is dispersed in a non-magnetic matrix, or Fe, Co , Ni or an alloy containing one or more and a non-magnetic metal such as Ru, Pt, Rh, Pd, Cr, or a laminated film in which Co and Ni are alternately laminated, or An amorphous alloy containing a transition metal in a rare earth metal such as G
- these perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials are strongly affected by the crystal orientation and surface flatness of the underlayer, and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy may decrease, so the underlayer control is more effective. It becomes important. In addition, it is generally more difficult to realize crystal matching suitable for the high TMR ratio with the barrier layer than in the case of using CoFeB.
- CoFeB can realize a TMR ratio of 100% or more by changing the in-plane / perpendicular magnetic anisotropy only by controlling the film thickness, and not much of the influence on the crystal orientation coming from the underlayer.
- CoFeB can be manufactured such that magnetization reacts with a weak perpendicular magnetic field by adjusting the film thickness so that the easy axis of magnetization is barely perpendicular to the film surface.
- the slope of the resistance change region can be increased, that is, the element is highly sensitive to the applied magnetic field.
- CoFeB is a material more suitable for sensor applications than conventional perpendicularly magnetized materials (originally strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and difficult to rotate in a minute magnetic field).
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sensor element of Example 2.
- the element of this example also has a structure in which two MTJ structures are stacked in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a more specific structure for mounting (corresponding to FIG. 4) and a manufacturing method are the same as those in the first embodiment except that some thin film laminated structures are different.
- the lower layer MTJ structure 72 has a thin-film stack structure, and the spacer layer 40 is made of the same material and film thickness as those in Example 1.
- the thin film laminated structure of the upper MTJ structure 71 is different from that of the first embodiment.
- the upper MTJ structure 71 of the second embodiment is composed of a fixed layer having an in-plane easy axis and a free layer having a perpendicular easy axis.
- the fixed layer has a laminated ferrimagnetic structure composed of the first ferromagnetic layer 26 / the nonmagnetic layer 43 / the second ferromagnetic layer 27 in the same manner as the MTJ element 72 in the lower stage, and the antiferromagnetic layer 44 is formed on the underlying layer. Inserted.
- the material and film thickness of each layer forming the fixed layer of the laminated ferri structure, the antiferromagnetic layer 44, and the barrier layer 11 are the same as those of the MTJ structure 72 in the lower stage.
- the free layer 21 is made of thin Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (1.7 nm), and the easy axis of magnetization is in the direction perpendicular to the film surface.
- the magnetization 61 falls from the film surface perpendicular direction to the film surface + y direction, so that the fixed layer first ferromagnetic layer 26 facing the barrier layer 11 is sandwiched.
- the resistance of the MTJ structure 71 increases toward the magnetization 62 and the antiparallel arrangement.
- the magnetization 61 falls in the -y direction, so that the resistance of the MTJ structure 71 approaches the parallel arrangement with the magnetization 62 and decreases.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the external magnetic field and resistance change.
- a magnetic field can be sensed using a region (point A to point B) in which resistance changes linearly according to an external magnetic field.
- point B When the magnetic field exceeds the point B, not only the magnetization 61 of the free layer but also the magnetization 62 on the fixed layer side is reversed, so that the resistance decreases as shown.
- the resistance-magnetic field dependency of the lower MTJ structure 72 is as shown in FIG.
- the slope of the resistance change in the linear region used for sensing that is, the sensitivity was 10% TMR ratio per 1 [Oe]. (10% / Oe)
- the measurable magnetic field range was ⁇ 5 Oe.
- the sensitivity of the linear region (A point to B point) in the upper MTJ structure 71 is 0.05% / Oe lower than that, and the magnetic field range (the magnetic field range from A point to B point) that can be measured is 1 kOe. And wide.
- the magnetization 61 of the free layer 21 having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the upper MTJ structure 71 is more resistant to an external magnetic field than the magnetization 63 of the free layer 23 having in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the lower MTJ structure 72. Because it is difficult to rotate.
- the sensor element of this embodiment having these two types of MTJ structures can sense a magnetic field in two ranges of a minute magnetic field and a relatively large magnetic field with one element.
- This element can be applied to, for example, a current sensor that is arranged around a motor driving cable in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle and senses a rotating magnetic field generated when a current flows.
- a current sensor that is arranged around a motor driving cable in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle and senses a rotating magnetic field generated when a current flows.
- a plurality of sensors having different sensitivity ranges have been used.
- the number of elements to be mounted, the arrangement space, and the cost can be reduced by using the sensor element of this embodiment.
- the film thickness of CoFeB used for the free layer 21 in this example is 0.5 nm or more at the minimum, 3 nm or less at the maximum, and more preferably between 1 nm and 2 nm. This is because if the film thickness of CoFeB is too thin, it will not function as a ferromagnet, while if it is too thick, the strength of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy will decrease and in-plane magnetic anisotropy will become dominant. .
- CoFeB is used for the free layers 21 and 23 and the fixed layers 26 and 24. However, the same effect can be obtained by using other materials having a bcc crystal structure, for example, CoFe or Fe. Needless to say.
- Example 3 The third embodiment proposes a magnetic sensor having sensitivity in the y direction and the z direction as in the first embodiment, but partially different in configuration from the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the magnetic sensor element of Example 3.
- the upper MTJ structure 71 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and the same configuration as that of the upper MTJ structure in the second embodiment is applied to the lower MTJ structure 72. To do.
- the material and film thickness of each layer of these MTJ structures 71 and 72 in the third embodiment are the same as the MTJ structure 71 in the first embodiment and the MTJ structure 72 in the second embodiment, respectively.
- the upper MTJ structure 71 is sensitive to a magnetic field in the z direction
- the lower MTJ structure 72 is sensitive to a magnetic field in the y direction. With this configuration, a magnetic field can be sensed in two directions, y and z.
- the production method is the same as that in Example 1.
- a process at 300 ° C. is performed with the magnetic field applied in the x direction, and the easy axis of magnetization of the free layer 21 is set in the x direction.
- a second heat treatment is performed at 200 ° C. while applying a magnetic field in the y direction to fix the easy axes of the fixed layers 24 and 25 in the y direction. Since the fixed layer 22 and the free layer 23 have an easy axis for perpendicular magnetization, their magnetizations 62 and 63 are stable in the direction perpendicular to the film surface regardless of the direction of magnetic field application during heat treatment.
- Example 4 proposes a high-sensitivity vertical magnetic field magnetic sensor that can be easily manufactured.
- in-plane magnetic anisotropy is a method in which a resistance change obtained by rotating the magnetization of the free layer in the film plane with respect to the magnetization direction of the fixed layer is used as a signal.
- Such an in-plane type magnetic sensor is suitable for sensing a horizontal magnetic field from the shape of an element formed on a flat substrate.
- a vertical type sensor using a combination of a fixed layer having an in-plane easy magnetization axis and a free layer having an easy vertical magnetization axis has also been proposed.
- ferromagnetic material having a conventional vertical magnetic anisotropy and L1 0 type ordered alloy represented by Co 50 Pt 50, a multilayer film of artificial lattice represented by Co / Pt, they and MgO barrier It is difficult to realize a high TMR ratio exceeding 100% from the viewpoint of crystal matching. Therefore, the conventional vertical type magnetic sensor has a problem of lower sensitivity than the in-plane type sensor.
- CoFeB when CoFeB is disposed in contact with an oxide such as MgO, it is possible to change the magnetic anisotropy from within the film surface to the direction perpendicular to the film surface only by controlling the film thickness. This is due to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy appearing at the interface between CoFeB and oxide.
- CoFeB and MgO barrier are a very excellent combination in order to realize a high TMR ratio.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the magnetic sensor element of Example 4.
- This sensor element is formed of a thin film laminated on a Si substrate 5 with a thermal oxide film as shown in FIG.
- the lower electrode 32 is composed of a laminated film laminated in the order of Ta (film thickness: 5 nm) / Ru (film thickness: 10 nm) / Ta (film thickness: 5 nm) from the bottom.
- the fixed layer 22, the barrier layer 11, and the free layer 21 are laminated in this order.
- the fixed layer 22 was made of Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (1 nm), the barrier layer 11 was made of MgO (1.5 nm), and the free layer 21 was made of Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 (2.5 nm).
- a Ta (5 nm) / Ru (5 nm) laminated film is formed thereon as the upper electrode 31. Electrode terminals 51 and 52 for measuring resistance are connected to the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32, respectively.
- the magnetization 62 of the fixed layer 22 is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the film surface.
- Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 is thinned to about 1 nm to increase the influence of interfacial magnetic anisotropy with the MgO interface, and the easy axis of magnetization changes from the in-plane direction to the vertical direction. Because.
- the magnetization 61 of the free layer 21 faces the x direction in the film plane. This is because the free layer 21 is a relatively thick 2 nm Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 and the easy axis of magnetization is in the in-plane direction. Since the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the fixed layer 22 is generally stronger than the in-plane magnetic anisotropy, the magnetization 62 can be stably fixed without an antiferromagnetic layer.
- an antiferromagnetic layer may be inserted between the lower electrode 32 and the fixed layer 22 as necessary.
- the thickness of Co 20 Fe 60 B 20 in the fixed layer 22 may be other than 1 nm, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 nm to 2 nm in order to exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
- the laminated film was fabricated by RF sputtering using Ar, and then processed into a 30 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m pillar shape by photolithography and ion beam etching as viewed from above. Thereafter, electrode terminals 51 and 52 were connected to the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32, respectively, and finally heat treatment was performed at 300 ° C. while applying a magnetic field in the x direction in order to fix the easy magnetization axis of the free layer 21 in the x direction. .
- the magnetization 61 of the free layer 21 is tilted in the z direction and approaches the magnetization 62 of the fixed layer 22 and the resistance of the element increases. . Conversely, when a magnetic field is applied in the -z direction, the magnetization 61 approaches a parallel arrangement with the magnetization 62, and the resistance of the element decreases. Based on such an operation principle, an excellent linear characteristic without hysteresis as shown in FIG. 3 can be obtained.
- the resistance change ratio (TMR ratio) was 100% at maximum by using CoFeB for the ferromagnetic layer having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
- the resistance change ratio per 1 Oe is about 1%.
- the sensitivity that enables geomagnetic sensing is obtained.
- the magnetic sensor of this embodiment is more sensitive than the conventional vertical type magnetic sensor.
- it is possible to sense a vertical magnetic field without arranging the sensor substrate upright like an in-plane type magnetic sensor. Due to these effects, it can be applied to a small magnetic compass, a small-sized magnetic sensor for vehicle mounting, and a magnetic sensor at the tip of a catheter in medical applications.
- the fifth embodiment is based on the structure of the fourth embodiment, and proposes a sensor element structure in which the magnetization of the fixed layer is more stable.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the magnetic sensor element of Example 5.
- the basic structure is the same as that of the fourth embodiment, but in the fifth embodiment, the second ferromagnetic layer 28 of the fixed layer is inserted below the fixed layer 22.
- the material of the ferromagnetic layer 28 was a multilayer film in which Co (0.4 nm) and Pt (0.6 nm) were alternately stacked six times. Since the magnetization 67 of the ferromagnetic layer 28 is ferromagnetically coupled to the magnetization 62 of the fixed layer 22, the magnetization 62 is strongly fixed as compared with the first embodiment. Therefore, even when a large magnetic field is applied from the outside, an effect of suppressing the magnetization reversal of the fixed layer can be obtained.
- a Co / Pt laminated film is used as the material of the second ferromagnetic layer 28 of the fixed layer, but other materials having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy may be used.
- Co 75 Pt 25, Co 50 Pt 50, Fe 50 Pt 50, Fe 50 Pd 50 and L1 0 type ordered alloy such as, m-D0 19 type Co 75 Pt 25 ordered alloy or,, CoCrPt-SiO 2, FePt
- An amorphous alloy may be used.
- a tunnel magnetoresistive element structure magnetic sensor element comprising an oxide tunnel barrier layer disposed on the upper and lower sides of the magnetic sensor element, the upper electrode layer and the upper electrode layer
- An electrode terminal for measuring the resistance of the magnetic sensor element is connected to the lower electrode layer, the easy axis of the free layer is in the in-film direction, and the easy axis of the fixed layer is in the direction perpendicular to the film surface.
- a magnetic sensor element is connected to the lower electrode layer, the easy axis of the free layer is in the in-film direction, and the easy axis of the fixed layer is in the direction perpendicular to the film surface.
- the fixed layer includes a first ferromagnetic layer and a second ferromagnetic layer, and the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer are A magnetic sensor element having a structure in which magnetization is ferromagnetically coupled.
- the ferromagnetic thin film having an easy axis for perpendicular magnetization in the free layer and the fixed layer has a magnetization direction perpendicular to the film surface by controlling the film thickness.
- this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
Abstract
Description
実施例1は二方向の磁場を測定可能な磁気センサを提案するものである。図1は、実施例1におけるセンサ素子の断面模式図である。センサ素子は、図1のように複数の金属薄膜および絶縁体薄膜をウェハ基板上に積層して構成される。本素子は、上段のMTJ構造71と下段のMTJ構造72とが積層され、両者の間には絶縁体のスペーサ層40が配置されている。
実施例2は、微小磁場と比較的大きい磁場の両方を1つの素子で測定できるセンサを提案するものである。図8は、実施例2のセンサ素子の断面模式図である。本実施例の素子も実施例1と同様に2つのMTJ構造を積層した構造である。一部の薄膜積層構成が異なる以外には、実装のためのより具体的な構造(図4に該当)や作製方法は実施例1と同様である。
実施例3は、実施例1のようにy方向とz方向に感度を持つが、実施例1とは構成が一部異なる磁気センサを提案するものである。図10は、実施例3の磁気センサ素子の断面模式図である。
実施例4は、簡便に作製可能な高感度の垂直磁場用磁気センサを提案するものである。
以上の構成により、本実施例の磁気センサは従来の垂直タイプの磁気センサよりも高感度であり、また、面内タイプの磁気センサのようにセンサ基板を立てて配置しなくても垂直磁場のセンシングが可能である。これらの効果によって、小型の磁気コンパスや、車載用の小型磁気センサ、また医療応用におけるカテーテル先端の磁気センサなどへの適用が可能である。
実施例5は、実施例4の構造を基本として、それに対してより固定層の磁化が安定なセンサ素子構造を提案するものである。図12は、実施例5の磁気センサ素子の断面模式図である。
Claims (11)
- 第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子と
前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子に積層された第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子と、
前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の上下に配置された第1の上部電極層と第1の下部電極層と、
前記第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の上下に配置された第2の上部電極層と第2の下部電極層と、
前記第1の上部電極層と前記第1の下部電極層に接続され、前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の抵抗を測定する電極端子と、
前記第2の上部電極層と前記第2の下部電極層に接続され、前記第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の抵抗を測定する電極端子とを備え、
前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子及び第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子はそれぞれ、外部磁場によって磁化の方向が変化する強磁性体薄膜からなる自由層と、磁化の方向が一方向に固定された強磁性体薄膜からなる固定層と、前記自由層と前記固定層の間に配置された酸化物のトンネルバリア層を有し、
前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子と前記第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の少なくとも一方は、当該トンネル磁気抵抗効果素子を構成する自由層と固定層の磁化容易軸が膜面内方向と膜面垂直方向に直交していることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。 - 請求項1に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層又は前記第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層は、磁化容易軸が膜面垂直方向を向いていることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項1に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の自由層又は前記第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の自由層は、磁化容易軸が膜面垂直方向を向いていることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項1に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記第1のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層又は前記第2のトンネル磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層は、第1の強磁性層と第2の強磁性層で非磁性金属層を挟んだ構造を有し、かつ前記第1の強磁性層と前記第2の強磁性層の磁化方向が反平行結合した積層フェリ構造であることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項1に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記自由層と前記固定層を構成する強磁性体薄膜の少なくとも一つはFe、CoFe又はCoFeBであることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項5に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記自由層と前記固定層のうち磁化容易軸が膜面垂直方向を向いた強磁性体薄膜の膜厚は0.5nm~3nmの範囲であることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項5に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記自由層と前記固定層のうち磁化容易軸が膜面垂直方向を向いた強磁性体薄膜の材料は、Fe,Co,Niのいずれか、もしくはその中の1つ以上を含む合金と、Ru,Pt,Rh,Pd,Crのいずれかを交互に積層した積層膜であることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項5に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記自由層と前記固定層のうち磁化容易軸が膜面垂直方向を向いた強磁性体薄膜の材料は、粒状の磁性相の周囲を非磁性相が取り囲んだグラニュラー構造の材料であることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項5に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記自由層と前記固定層のうち磁化容易軸が膜面垂直方向を向いた強磁性体薄膜の材料は、希土類金属と遷移金属を含んだアモルファス合金であることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項5に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記自由層と前記固定層のうち磁化容易軸が膜面垂直方向を向いた強磁性体薄膜の材料は、m-D019型のCoPt規則合金、もしくは、L11型のCoPt規則合金、もしくはCo-Pt,Co-Pd,Fe-Pt,Fe-Pdを主成分とするL10型の規則合金であることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
- 請求項1に記載の磁気センサ素子において、前記トンネルバリア層はMgOであることを特徴とする磁気センサ素子。
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