WO2015029508A1 - クロマトグラムデータ処理装置 - Google Patents
クロマトグラムデータ処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015029508A1 WO2015029508A1 PCT/JP2014/063364 JP2014063364W WO2015029508A1 WO 2015029508 A1 WO2015029508 A1 WO 2015029508A1 JP 2014063364 W JP2014063364 W JP 2014063364W WO 2015029508 A1 WO2015029508 A1 WO 2015029508A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8624—Detection of slopes or peaks; baseline correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/74—Optical detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8603—Signal analysis with integration or differentiation
- G01N30/861—Differentiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8675—Evaluation, i.e. decoding of the signal into analytical information
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8675—Evaluation, i.e. decoding of the signal into analytical information
- G01N30/8689—Peak purity of co-eluting compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8651—Recording, data aquisition, archiving and storage
Definitions
- impurities are contained in the peak of a chromatogram obtained by spectroscopic analysis of a sample containing components separated by a column of a chromatograph, particularly a liquid chromatograph (LC), or a sample introduced by a flow injection method.
- the present invention relates to a data processing apparatus that displays a result of determining whether or not.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of such three-dimensional chromatogram data.
- the peak appearing in the wavelength chromatogram is derived only from the target component.
- the peak is not always due to a single component (target component) and often contains impurities that are not intended by the analyst (ie, components other than the target component). Therefore, conventionally, a peak purity determination process has been performed in which it is examined whether a certain peak appearing in the chromatogram is derived only from the target component or contains impurities.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose peak purity determination methods in chromatograms obtained from three-dimensional chromatogram data having three dimensions of time, wavelength, and absorbance.
- the absorbance spectrum at time T 0 corresponding to the peak apex of the target peak in the wavelength chromatogram at the absorption wavelength corresponding to the target component is represented by S 0 ( ⁇ ), and an arbitrary time T before and after that.
- the degree of coincidence P between S 0 ( ⁇ ) and S ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following equation (1).
- the degree of coincidence P with the peak apex is green when the coincidence P is 1.0 to 0.8, yellow when 0.8 to 0.6, and orange when 0.6 or less.
- the degree of coincidence P is high near the peak apex, and decreases as it goes away from the peak apex. It is generally symmetrical with respect to.
- the degree of coincidence P in the time range in which the other peak is included decreases. Therefore, the degree of coincidence P is different before or after the peak apex of the target peak. For example, in the example shown in FIG.
- the degree of coincidence P on the right side (temporally rearward) is lower than the left side across the peak vertex, and the divided and displayed shape is asymmetrical.
- this method is referred to as “matching degree determination method”.
- a wavelength chromatogram at an absorption wavelength corresponding to the target component is created from the three-dimensional chromatogram data, and the time range from the start point to the end point of the target peak derived from the target component in the wavelength chromatogram ,
- the differential coefficient at the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength of the absorbance spectrum of the target component is determined for the absorbance spectrum at each time point.
- the target peak contains only the target component
- the differential coefficient is zero.
- the target peak contains impurities
- the differential coefficient has a value other than zero. Therefore, if a chromatogram representing the time variation of the differential coefficient (hereinafter, this chromatogram is referred to as “differential chromatogram”) and a peak appears in this waveform (dotted line in FIG. 11), impurities are included.
- a determination method is disclosed (hereinafter, this method is referred to as “differential spectrum method”).
- the coincidence P with the absorbance spectrum before and after the peak apex is calculated on the basis of the absorbance spectrum at the time T 0 corresponding to the peak apex of the target peak. For this reason, when there is an impurity peak in the immediate vicinity of the peak apex, the presence of the impurity cannot be determined correctly.
- the target peak contains an impurity
- the presence of the impurity may not be detected correctly.
- the case where one is the target component and the other is an impurity has been described as an example, but in the chromatogram of a sample containing two or more target components, the component included in the target peak is a single component. It can also be replaced when determining whether there is a plurality of components.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is a chromatogram data processing apparatus capable of easily determining whether or not an impurity is contained in a target peak derived from a target component. Is to provide.
- the chromatogram data processing apparatus which has been made to solve the above problems, a) a three-dimensional data storage unit for storing three-dimensional chromatogram data with dimensions of time, wavelength, and absorbance; b) A wavelength chromatogram creation unit that extracts data at a specific wavelength that is the absorption wavelength of the target component from the three-dimensional chromatogram data, and creates a wavelength chromatogram indicating the relationship between time and absorbance at the specific wavelength.
- a peak detector for detecting the peak of the generated wavelength chromatogram
- an impurity detector for detecting the presence or absence of impurities in the detected peak by two or more detection methods based on the three-dimensional chromatogram data
- a display unit that displays a graph for impurity detection obtained by the two or more detection methods so as to be superimposed on the wavelength chromatogram.
- the “two or more detection methods” mentioned here include cases where the detection principle is the same but the parameters used are different. Specifically, for example, as described later, when the wavelength (differential wavelength) used in the differential spectrum method is different, it is handled as a different detection method.
- the presence or absence of impurities at a peak at a specific wavelength is obtained by analyzing the stored three-dimensional chromatogram data using two or more detection methods.
- a graph for detecting two or more impurities detected as a result of detection is superimposed on the chromatogram at the specific wavelength and displayed on the display unit.
- all of the two or more graphs may be superimposed and displayed on the specific wavelength chromatogram at the same time, or any two or more graphs may be superimposed and displayed as designated by the operator.
- the chromatogram data processing apparatus further comprises: f) An input unit for selecting the two or more detection methods used in the impurity detection unit or inputting parameters set in the two or more detection methods (hereinafter referred to as “setting parameters”) It is desirable.
- the two or more detection methods are preferably selected from the group consisting of a coincidence determination method, a differential spectrum method, and a purity determination method.
- the coincidence determination method calculates the coincidence between the absorbance spectrum at time T 0 corresponding to the peak apex of the target peak in the wavelength chromatogram and the absorbance spectrum at any time T before and after the peak.
- the differential spectrum method the differential coefficient in the wavelength direction at the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength of the target component is obtained for the absorbance spectrum, and when a peak appears in the waveform of the differential chromatogram representing the temporal change of the differential coefficient, it is determined that it contains impurities. Is.
- the purity determination method determines the presence / absence of impurities by comparing the similarity between the spectrum on the target peak and the reference spectrum and the similarity threshold considering the noise component. is there.
- the setting parameter is, for example, a specific wavelength that is one of the absorption wavelengths of the target component for creating a wavelength chromatogram, or a maximum or minimum absorption wavelength of the target component necessary for the differential spectrum method.
- the presence / absence of impurities is detected by two or more detection methods, and the resulting graph for detecting the presence / absence of two or more impurities is the target component. It is displayed on the display unit so as to overlap the wavelength chromatogram of the specific wavelength that is the absorption wavelength. Even if the presence of an impurity is not detected by one detection method, the presence of the impurity may be recognized by another detection method, so that the presence or absence of the impurity in the target chromatogram peak can be more reliably determined.
- the flowchart which shows the operation
- the schematic diagram which shows the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength chromatogram created from three-dimensional chromatogram data and this three-dimensional chromatogram data. It is an example of a display of the result obtained by a coincidence degree judgment method, (a) is an example of a peak not containing an impurity, and (b) is an example of a peak containing an impurity.
- a method for determining peak purity used in this example will be described below.
- a coincidence determination method, a differential spectrum method, and a purity determination method are used. Since the coincidence determination method and the differential spectrum method have been described in the section of “Background Art”, the determination principle of the presence or absence of impurities by the purity determination method will be briefly described here.
- the purity determination method is described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- the similarity (SI) between the spectrum (measured spectrum) in the chromatogram peak and the reference spectrum is calculated, and the value is compared with the similarity threshold (t) considering the noise component.
- the similarity (SI) between the measured spectrum and the reference spectrum is equal to or greater than the threshold value (t)
- the similarity (SI) between the two is smaller than the threshold value (t)
- the similarity SI between the two spectra is calculated as follows. Since one spectrum can be considered as a sequence of intensity values at each wavelength, it can be represented by a vector whose elements are the intensity values at each wavelength.
- the two spectrum vectors S1 and S2 are expressed as follows.
- S1 (a1 ( ⁇ 1), a1 ( ⁇ 2),..., A1 ( ⁇ n))
- S2 (a2 ( ⁇ 1), a2 ( ⁇ 2),..., A2 ( ⁇ n))
- the angle ⁇ between the vectors S1 and S2 is zero and cos ⁇ is 1.
- the angle ⁇ formed by both vectors becomes larger than zero due to uncertainties such as background noise of the detector body and noise accompanying absorption of the mobile phase. Therefore, when the maximum angle formed by both vectors due to noise uncertainty is ⁇ th and the angle ⁇ formed by both vectors S1 and S2 is smaller than ⁇ th , the difference is determined to be due to noise or the like.
- both vectors are the same absorbance spectrum Te (i.e., the same components) determined to be due, when angle theta formed by the two vectors S1, S2 is theta th greater than, that determined when cos [theta] is smaller than the cos [theta] th may contain impurities can do. That is, cos ⁇ th is the threshold value (t). A value obtained by subtracting the threshold value t from the similarity SI is called a purity index.
- the “normal chromatogram” in FIG. 4 refers to a wavelength chromatogram at a specific wavelength that is the absorption wavelength of the target component.
- the purity curve at time T 2 is the portion below the zero extension lines purity index is zero appearing.
- the purity determination method it can be determined whether or not the target peak contains impurities from the purity curve.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid chromatograph system including a chromatogram data processing apparatus (hereinafter simply referred to as “data processing apparatus”) in the present embodiment.
- the liquid feed pump 12 sucks the mobile phase from the mobile phase container 11 and feeds it to the sample injection unit 13 at a constant flow rate.
- the sample injection unit 13 injects a sample into the mobile phase at a predetermined timing.
- the sample is sent to the column 14 by the mobile phase, and each component in the sample is separated in the time direction while passing through the column 14 and is eluted from the column 14.
- a PDA detector 15 which is a kind of multi-channel detector, is provided as a detector for detecting sample components in the eluate from the column 14.
- the PDA detector 15 irradiates the eluate with light from a light source (not shown), wavelength-disperses the light transmitted through the eluate, and detects the intensity of light of each wavelength almost simultaneously by the PDA linear sensor.
- the detection signal repeatedly obtained by the PDA detector 15 is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 16 and then output to the data processing device 2 as three-dimensional chromatogram data.
- the data processing device 2 includes a three-dimensional data storage unit 21 for storing the three-dimensional chromatogram data output from the A / D converter 16 and a three-dimensional wavelength chromatogram representing a change in absorbance over time at a predetermined wavelength.
- a wavelength chromatogram creation unit 22 created from chromatogram data, a peak detection unit 23 for detecting a peak in the wavelength chromatogram, and an impurity in a target peak designated by an operator among the detected peaks are detected.
- Impurity detector 24 In the present embodiment, the wavelength chromatogram creation unit 22 creates a maximum or minimum absorption wavelength chromatogram representing the time change of absorbance at the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component.
- the impurity detection unit 24 includes a differential chromatogram creation unit 25a and a purity curve creation unit 25b that process the three-dimensional chromatogram data to create a graph for impurity detection.
- the differential chromatogram creation unit 25a creates a differential chromatogram based on the three-dimensional chromatogram data and the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component.
- the purity curve creating unit 25b determines the similarity between the spectrum on the target peak and the reference spectrum and the similarity when only the noise component is considered based on the three-dimensional chromatogram data and the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component. Create a purity curve.
- the impurity detection unit 24 includes a determination unit 26 that determines the presence or absence of impurities in the target peak based on the shape of the differential chromatogram or the shape of the purity curve. The operation of these units will be described later.
- the display unit 3 is for displaying various information such as a wavelength chromatogram, an absorbance spectrum, a differential chromatogram, a purity curve, and a determination result of the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component.
- the operator 4 inputs information necessary for data analysis, such as selection of the determination method for the presence or absence of impurities, the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component, and the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength necessary for the differential spectrum method. Operated to set. Part or all of the functions of the data processing device 2 can be achieved by executing dedicated control / processing software installed in a personal computer or workstation.
- the display unit 3 can be a general liquid crystal monitor or the like, and the operation unit 4 can be a pointing device such as a keyboard or a mouse, which is a standard equipment of a personal computer or workstation.
- chromatographic analysis is performed on the target sample in the LC unit 1, and three-dimensional chromatogram data (see FIG. 9A) representing the time change of the absorbance spectrum in a predetermined wavelength range is obtained from the PDA detector 15.
- the data is output to the storage unit 21 and stored in the three-dimensional data storage unit 21 (step S1).
- the operator inputs the wavelength value of the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component contained in the sample through the operation unit 4 (step S2).
- the wavelength chromatogram creation unit 22 displays time and vertical values on the horizontal axis based on the input maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 and the three-dimensional chromatogram data stored in the three-dimensional data storage unit 21.
- a maximum or minimum absorption wavelength chromatogram in which the absorbance at the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 is plotted on the axis is generated and displayed on the display unit 3 (step S3).
- An example of the maximum absorption wavelength chromatogram created based on the three-dimensional chromatogram data shown in FIG. 9A is shown in FIG.
- the peak detector 23 sequentially examines the slope of the curve of the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength chromatogram created by the wavelength chromatogram creator 22 in the time direction, and when the slope exceeds a predetermined value, the peak start point It is determined that T S , and when the amount of inclination changes from positive to zero and further turns negative, it is determined that the peak peak T 0 is reached, and when the absolute value of the amount of inclination becomes a predetermined value or less, the end point of the peak A peak is detected by judging that it is T E (step S4).
- a plurality of peaks are usually detected when a sample includes a plurality of components. Information on the detected peak is displayed on the screen of the display unit 3, and the operator selects a target peak derived from the target component from the plurality of peaks by the operation unit 4 (step S5).
- the differential chromatogram creation unit 25a and the purity curve creation unit 25b sequentially create a graph indicating whether or not the target peak contains impurities (step S6).
- the data processing operation in each functional block 25a, 25b is as follows.
- the differential chromatogram creation unit 25a acquires the absorbance spectrum in the time range from the start point T S to the end point T E of the target peak from the three-dimensional data storage unit 21, and each absorbance spectrum has a maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 .
- a wavelength differential coefficient is obtained by differentiating the absorbance in the wavelength direction (step S6a-1).
- a differential chromatogram is created by plotting the time on the horizontal axis and the calculated wavelength differential coefficient on the vertical axis (step S6a-2).
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the differential chromatogram.
- the purity curve creation unit 25b acquires an absorbance spectrum in the time range from the start point T S to the end point T E of the target peak from the three-dimensional data storage unit 21, and each absorbance spectrum is a difference between the similarity and the threshold value. A purity index is obtained (step S6b-1). Then, a purity curve is created by plotting the time on the horizontal axis and the calculated purity index on the vertical axis (step S6b-2).
- the graphs (differential chromatogram and purity curve) for determining the presence or absence of impurities in each determination method obtained as described above are displayed on the display unit 3 so as to overlap the wavelength chromatogram displayed in step S3. (Step S7).
- FIG. 5 is an example of display on the display unit after the processing by the chromatogram data processing apparatus of this embodiment is completed.
- the “normal chromatogram” refers to a wavelength chromatogram at the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component.
- the differential chromatogram created based on the differential spectrum method and the purity curve created based on the purity judgment method are displayed superimposed on the normal chromatogram. Yes.
- this normal chromatogram there is a peak of the target component of the sample at time T 0 and an impurity peak at times T 1 and T 2 , but no impurity peak is seen in the wavelength chromatogram. From FIG.
- the presence of impurities at time T 1 is shown in the differential chromatogram but not in the purity curve.
- the presence of impurities at time T 2 although not shown in the differential chromatogram showed a purity curve. If the impurity determination is performed by only one of the differential spectrum method and the purity determination method, only the presence of the impurity at time T 1 is shown from the differential spectrum method, and the presence of the impurity at time T 2 is recognized. It not, on the other hand, shows only the presence of impurities in the time T 2 are the purity determination methods, the presence of impurities in the time T 1 is not recognized.
- the presence of the impurity at the time T 1 is shown by the differential spectrum method, and the presence of the impurity at the time T 2 is shown by the purity judgment method. All impurities that could not be detected only by the detection are detected. That is, the presence or absence of impurities can be determined more reliably.
- the differential chromatogram creation unit 25a and the purity curve creation unit 25b create a differential chromatogram and a purity curve, respectively (step S6).
- the differential chromatogram creation unit 25a adds one maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component, Furthermore, differential chromatograms of other maximum or minimum absorption wavelengths (for example, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 ) can be created and displayed.
- FIG. 6 and 7 are flowcharts showing the peak purity determination processing operation in the chromatogram data processing apparatus of the second embodiment. With reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, differences from the first embodiment among the data processing operations in the second embodiment will be described below.
- step S2 the operator inputs a plurality of wavelength values of the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength of the target component contained in the sample from the operation unit 4 (step S2 ′). At this time, the operator designates the absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component for creating the wavelength chromatogram.
- step S5 selection of the target peak derived from the target component is performed for each of the selected peak absorption wavelengths ⁇ S0 , ⁇ 2 , and ⁇ 3 (step S5 ′).
- step S6 the differential chromatogram creation unit 25a creates a graph (differential chromatogram) indicating whether or not the target peaks of the peak absorption wavelengths ⁇ S0 , ⁇ 2 , and ⁇ 3 contain impurities (step S6).
- Step S6 ′ the absorbance spectrum in the time range from the start point T S to the end point T E of each peak is sequentially acquired from the three-dimensional data storage unit 21.
- the wavelength differential coefficient is obtained by differentiating the absorbance at the maximum or minimum absorption wavelengths ⁇ S0 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 in the wavelength direction (step S6′a-1). Then, differential chromatograms 1, 2, and 3 are created by plotting time on the horizontal axis and the calculated wavelength differential coefficients on the vertical axis (step S6′a-2).
- the determination unit 26 determines the presence or absence of impurities based on the created graph for impurity detection, and displays the result on the display unit 3. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the differential chromatogram created in the present embodiment is flat within the time range from the start point T S to the end point T E of the target peak, and if the differential chromatogram is flat, The determination unit 26 determines that the target peak does not include impurities. On the other hand, if the differential chromatogram is not flat, the determination unit 26 determines that the target peak contains impurities.
- the determination of whether or not the differential chromatogram is flat can be made, for example, by determining whether or not there is a peak that is N times the average of the baseline noise intensity or a predetermined peak area. Good. Other determination methods may be used.
- the graph created for impurity detection is a purity curve, it is determined whether the purity curve falls below the zero auxiliary line within the time range from the start point T S to the end point T E of the target peak. If not lower, the determination unit 26 determines that the target peak does not contain an impurity, and if lower than that, determines that the target peak contains an impurity.
- the determination unit 26 When it is determined that any of the detection methods includes an impurity, the determination unit 26 finally determines that the impurity is included, and “impurity: present” is displayed on the display unit 3. If it is determined that any of the detection methods does not include an impurity, it is finally determined that the impurity is not included, and “impurity: no” is displayed on the display unit 3. Other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an example of display on the display unit after the processing by the chromatogram data processing apparatus of the embodiment is completed.
- the wavelength chromatogram of the wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target peak (referred to as “normal chromatogram” in FIG. 8), the peak of the target component of the sample at time T 0 , and impurities A and B at time T 1 and T 2. It is assumed that the impurity peak is not visible on the wavelength chromatogram.
- Impurities A and B have a differential value of zero at ⁇ S0 .
- Impurities A and B are ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 2 , respectively, and the differential value of the impurity spectrum is zero.
- the differential chromatogram 1 of the peak wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component since the derivative value of the impurity spectrum is zero, the impurity peak is buried in noise, and the presence of the impurity at time T 1 is also present at time T 2 . The presence of impurities has not been detected.
- the differential chromatogram 2 of the wavelength ⁇ 2 the presence of the impurity A at the time T 1 is detected, but the presence of the impurity B at the time T 2 is not detected.
- the differential chromatogram 3 of the minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ 3 of the target component the presence of the impurity B at the time T 2 is detected, but the presence of the impurity A at the time T 1 is not detected.
- the differential value of the spectrum of the impurity contained in the sample is zero at the peak wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component, the differential chromatogram of the target peak ⁇ S0 remains zero and is not detected.
- the derivative value of the impurity spectrum is zero even at other maximum or minimum absorption wavelengths ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 of the target component. Therefore, by displaying a plurality of differential chromatograms at a plurality of maximum or minimum absorption wavelengths of the target component, it is possible to more reliably determine the presence or absence of impurities.
- the present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments, but can be appropriately modified, added, and modified within the scope of the gist of the present invention.
- the spectrum of the target component may be displayed on the screen, and the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength used as the differential wavelength by the operator may be appropriately selected.
- the operator's experience can be reflected in the determination for impurity detection.
- other impurity determination methods such as a purity determination method may be added to the screen display so that the operator can arbitrarily select them.
- the acquisition wavelength of the wavelength chromatogram finally displayed on the display unit (“normal chromatogram” in FIGS. 5 and 8) is the maximum or minimum absorption wavelength ⁇ S0 of the target component in the above embodiment. Strictly, it does not have to be a maximum or minimum absorption wavelength, and may be a wavelength within the target peak of the target component.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1に開示の手法では、目的成分に対応した吸収波長における波長クロマトグラムにおける目的ピークのピーク頂点に対応した時間T0での吸光度スペクトルをS0(λ)、その前後の任意の時間Tでの吸光度スペクトルをS(λ)とし、次の(1)式により、S0(λ)とS(λ)との一致度Pを算出する。
なお、ここでは、一方を目的成分、他方を不純物とする場合を例に挙げて説明したが、二つ以上の目的成分を含む試料のクロマトグラムにおいて、目的ピークに含まれる成分が単一成分であるか複数成分であるかを判定する場合に置き換えることもできる。
a) 時間、波長、及び吸光度をディメンジョンとする3次元クロマトグラムデータを記憶する3次元データ記憶部と、
b) 前記3次元クロマトグラムデータの中から、目的成分の吸収波長である特定波長におけるデータを抽出し、該特定波長における時間と吸光度との関係を示す波長クロマトグラムを作成する波長クロマトグラム作成部と、
c) 作成された前記波長クロマトグラムのピークを検出するピーク検出部と、
d) 検出された前記ピークにおける不純物の有無を、前記3次元クロマトグラムデータに基づく2つ以上の検出方法により検出する不純物検出部と、
e) 前記2つ以上の検出方法によって得られた不純物検出のためのグラフを、前記波長クロマトグラムに重ねて表示する表示部と
を備えることを特徴とする。
f) 前記不純物検出部で用いる前記2つ以上の検出方法を選択し、又は前記2つ以上の検出方法において設定されるパラメータ(以下、「設定パラメータ」という)を入力するための入力部
を備えることが望ましい。
また、設定パラメータは、例えば、波長クロマトグラムを作成するための目的成分の吸収波長の一つである特定波長や、微分スペクトル法で必要な目的成分の極大又は極小吸収波長などである。
[ピーク純度を判定するための方法]
本実施例では、一致度判定法、微分スペクトル法、及びピュリティ判定法を用いる。一致度判定法と微分スペクトル法については「背景技術」の欄で説明したため、ここではピュリティ判定法による不純物の有無の判定原理を簡単に説明する。なお、ピュリティ判定法については、例えば非特許文献1に説明されている。
ピュリティ判定法では、クロマトグラムピーク内のスペクトル(実測スペクトル)とリファレンススペクトルの類似度(SI)を計算し、その値と、ノイズ成分を勘案した、類似度のしきい値(t)を比較する。実測スペクトルとリファレンススペクトルの類似度(SI)が該しきい値(t)以上である場合、両者はほぼ同一成分に由来するものと判断される。逆に、両者の類似度(SI)がしきい値(t)よりも小さい場合、該クロマトグラムピークには不純物が存在すると判断される。
ここで2つのスペクトルの類似度SIは、次のように計算される。1つのスペクトルは、各波長における強度の値の並びとして考えることができるため、各波長における強度の値を要素とするベクトルで表すことができる。具体的には、波長λiにおける強度をa(λi)とすると、2つのスペクトルのベクトルS1、S2は次のように表される。
S1=(a1(λ1),a1(λ2),・・・,a1(λn))
S2=(a2(λ1),a2(λ2),・・・,a2(λn))
これら2つのベクトルS1、S2が近い(すなわち、両者の間の角度が小さい)ほど、両スペクトルは類似していると考えられるため、両ベクトルS1、S2の成す角度θの余弦の値(cosθ)を両スペクトルの類似度の指標として用いることができる。
2つのスペクトルの形状が全く同じであれば、両ベクトルS1、S2の間の角度θはゼロになり、cosθは1となる。しかし実際は、例えば吸光度スペクトルの場合、検出器本体のバックグランドノイズや移動相の吸収に伴うノイズなどの不確定分により、両ベクトルのなす角度θはゼロよりも大きくなる。そこで、ノイズの不確定分に起因する両ベクトルのなす角度の最大値をθthとし、両ベクトルS1、S2の成す角θがθthより小さいときは、その差異はノイズ等によるものと判断して両ベクトルは同じ吸光度スペクトル(すなわち、同じ成分)によるものと判定し、両ベクトルS1、S2の成す角θがθthより大きいとき、つまりcosθがcosθthよりも小さいときは不純物を含むと判定することができる。つまり、cosθthがしきい値(t)となる。類似度SIからこのしきい値tを減じた値をピュリティ指数と呼ぶ。
このように、ピュリティ判定法では、ピュリティ曲線から目的ピークに不純物が含まれるか否かを判定することができる。
本発明に係るクロマトグラムデータ処理装置の第1実施例について、図1を参照して説明する。図1は、本実施例におけるクロマトグラムデータ処理装置(以下、単に「データ処理装置」という)を備える液体クロマトグラフシステムの概略構成図である。
なお、データ処理装置2の機能の一部又は全部は、パーソナルコンピュータやワークステーションにインストールされた専用の制御・処理ソフトウエアを実行することにより達成することができる。また、表示部3は一般的な液晶モニタ等であり、操作部4はパーソナルコンピュータやワークステーションの標準的な装備であるキーボードやマウス等のポインティングなどとすることができる。
まず、LC部1において目的試料に対するクロマトグラフ分析が実行され、所定の波長範囲における吸光度スペクトルの時間変化を表す3次元クロマトグラムデータ(図9(a)参照)がPDA検出器15から3次元データ記憶部21へと出力され、該3次元データ記憶部21に格納される(ステップS1)。
第1実施例では、微分クロマトグラム作成部25aとピュリティ曲線作成部25bが、それぞれ、微分クロマトグラムとピュリティ曲線を作成した(ステップS6)。目的成分の吸光度スペクトルに複数の極大、極小が存在することが分かっている場合は、変形例として、微分クロマトグラム作成部25aが、目的成分の1つの極大又は極小吸収波長λS0に加えて、さらに、他の極大又は極小吸収波長(例えば、λ2、λ3)の微分クロマトグラムを作成し、表示するようにすることができる。
上述のステップS5において、目的成分に由来する目的ピークの選択は、選択された全てのピーク吸収波長λS0、λ2、λ3についてそれぞれ行う(ステップS5’)。
上述のステップS6において、微分クロマトグラム作成部25aが、ピーク吸収波長λS0、λ2、λ3のそれぞれの目的ピークに不純物が含まれるか否かを示すグラフ(微分クロマトグラム)を作成する(ステップS6’)。すなわち、これらの波長λS0、λ2、λ3における波長クロマトグラムに関して、順次、それぞれのピークの始点TSから終点TEまでの時間範囲における吸光度スペクトルを3次元データ記憶部21から取得し、各吸光度スペクトルについてそれぞれ、極大又は極小吸収波長λS0、λ2、λ3における吸光度を波長方向に微分することにより波長微分係数を求める(ステップS6’a-1)。そして、横軸に時間、縦軸に算出された波長微分係数をプロットした微分クロマトグラム1、2、3を作成する(ステップS6’a-2)。
なお、不純物検出のために作成されたグラフがピュリティ曲線である場合は、ピュリティ曲線が、目的ピークの始点TSから終点TEまでの時間範囲内においてゼロ補助線を下回るか否かが判定され、下回らなければ、判定部26は、目的ピークは不純物を含まないと判定し、下回れば、不純物を含んでいると判定する。
判定部26は、いずれかの検出方法において不純物を含んでいると判定された場合は、不純物を含んでいると最終的に判定し、表示部3には「不純物:有」と表示される。いずれの検出方法においても不純物を含まないと判定された場合は、不純物を含んでいないと最終的に判定し、表示部3には「不純物:無」と表示される。
その他のステップは第1実施例と同様である。
目的成分のピーク波長λS0の微分クロマトグラム1では、不純物のスペクトルの微分値がゼロであるため、不純物のピークがノイズに埋もれており、時間T1での不純物の存在も時間T2での不純物の存在も検出されていない。波長λ2の微分クロマトグラム2では、時間T1の不純物Aの存在は検出されているが、時間T2での不純物Bの存在は検出されていない。目的成分の極小吸収波長λ3の微分クロマトグラム3では、時間T2の不純物Bの存在は検出されているが、時間T1での不純物Aの存在は検出されていない。
このように、目的成分のピーク波長λS0において、試料に含まれる不純物のスペクトルの微分値がゼロである場合、目的ピークであるλS0の微分クロマトグラムはゼロのまま変化しないため、検出されない。しかし、目的成分の他の極大又は極小吸収波長λ2、λ3でも不純物のスペクトルの微分値がゼロであることは殆ど考えられない。そこで、目的成分の複数の極大又は極小吸収波長における微分クロマトグラムを複数表示することによって、不純物の存否の判断をより確実に行うことが可能となる。
例えば、微分スペクトル法を用いる場合において、目的成分のスペクトルを画面に表示し、そこからオペレータが微分波長として用いる極大又は極小吸収波長を適宜選択することができるようになっていてもよい。このような構成とすることで、不純物検出のための判断に、オペレータの経験を反映させることが可能となる。更に、ピュリティ判定法等の他の不純物判定法も画面表示に加え、それらの中からオペレータが任意に選択できるようにしてもよい。
また、最終的に表示部に表示される波長クロマトグラム(図5、図8中の「通常クロマトグラム」)の取得波長は、上記実施例では目的成分の極大又は極小吸収波長λS0としたが、厳密に極大又は極小吸収波長である必要はなく、目的成分の目的ピーク内の波長であればよい。
11…移動相容器
12…送液ポンプ
13…試料注入部
14…カラム
15…PDA検出器
16…A/D変換器
2…データ処理装置
21…3次元データ記憶部
22…波長クロマトグラム作成部
23…ピーク検出部
24…不純物検出部
25a…微分クロマトグラム作成部
25b…ピュリティ曲線作成部
26…判定部
3…表示部
4…操作部
Claims (3)
- a) 時間、波長、及び吸光度をディメンジョンとする3次元クロマトグラムデータを記憶する3次元データ記憶部と、
b) 前記3次元クロマトグラムデータの中から、目的成分の吸収波長である特定波長におけるデータを抽出し、該特定波長における時間と吸光度との関係を示す波長クロマトグラムを作成する波長クロマトグラム作成部と、
c) 作成された前記波長クロマトグラムのピークを検出するピーク検出部と、
d) 検出された前記ピークにおける不純物の有無を、前記3次元クロマトグラムデータに基づく2つ以上の検出方法により検出する不純物検出部と、
e) 前記2つ以上の検出方法によって得られた不純物検出のためのグラフを、前記波長クロマトグラムに重ねて表示する表示部と
を備えることを特徴とするクロマトグラムデータ処理装置。 - さらに、
f) 前記不純物検出部で用いる前記2つ以上の検出方法を選択し、又は前記2つ以上の検出方法において設定されるパラメータを入力するための入力部
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のクロマトグラムデータ処理装置。 - 前記2つ以上の検出方法は、前記波長クロマトグラムにおける目的ピークのピーク頂点に対応した時間T0での吸光度スペクトルと、その前後の任意の時間Tでの吸光度スペクトルとの一致度を算出する一致度判定法、吸光度スペクトルについて目的成分の極大又は極小吸収波長における波長方向の微分係数を求め、該微分係数の時間変化を表す微分クロマトグラムの波形にピークが現れた場合不純物を含むと判定する微分スペクトル法、及び前記目的ピーク上のスペクトルとリファレンススペクトルの類似度と、ノイズ成分を考慮した両スペクトルの類似度を比較することにより不純物の有無を判定するピュリティ判定法から成る群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のクロマトグラムデータ処理装置。
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| JP2019520557A (ja) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-07-18 | ザ ガバメント オブ ザ ユナイテッド ステイツ オブ アメリカ,アズ リプレゼンテッド バイ ザ セクレタリー オブ ザ ネイビー | センシング用途での反射率に基づくカラー変化の分析 |
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| TWI770189B (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2022-07-11 | 日商日立高新技術科學股份有限公司 | 質量分析裝置以及質量分析方法 |
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| JP6156501B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
| JPWO2015029508A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
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