WO2015022978A1 - 脂肪蓄積抑制剤、医薬品、脂肪肝の予防剤又は治療剤及び飲食品並びに脂肪蓄積抑制剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
脂肪蓄積抑制剤、医薬品、脂肪肝の予防剤又は治療剤及び飲食品並びに脂肪蓄積抑制剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015022978A1 WO2015022978A1 PCT/JP2014/071397 JP2014071397W WO2015022978A1 WO 2015022978 A1 WO2015022978 A1 WO 2015022978A1 JP 2014071397 W JP2014071397 W JP 2014071397W WO 2015022978 A1 WO2015022978 A1 WO 2015022978A1
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- thistle
- extract
- fat accumulation
- accumulation inhibitor
- fat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fat accumulation inhibitor, a pharmaceutical, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for fatty liver, a food and drink, and a method for producing a fat accumulation inhibitor.
- the thistle group in thistle includes the white thistle ( Cirsium brevicale A. Gray), the blue thistle ( C. boninense ), the oil thistle ( C. spinosum ), and the four species of thistle ( C. maritimum ).
- Japan it is reported that it is distributed from the Pacific coast south of Kanto to the Ryukyu Islands, and also in part of Taiwan (Non-patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 discloses an antibacterial agent and an antioxidant containing an extract of rhizome of striped thistle as an active ingredient.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a blood glucose increase inhibitory action and Patent Document 3 discloses an antimutagenicity.
- the Noazami C. japonicum
- Patent Document 4 it is disclosed that may be used as a ceramide production promoting effect and humectants.
- Non-patent Document 2 reports on the action of promoting the adipocyte differentiation from mouse fibroblasts (3T3-L1 cells) for Japanese thistle plants.
- Patent Document 5 thistle plants of the genus (Arechiazami (Cephalonoplos segetum (Bieb.) Kitam .) And Noazami (Cirsium japonicum DC.)) Lipolysis promoting effect is disclosed.
- JP-A-6-206867 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-212096 JP 2000-256205 A JP 2011-79754 A JP-A-8-301780
- the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: Contains thistle plants as active ingredients.
- the thistle plant may be a striped thistle.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent for fatty liver according to the third aspect of the present invention, is contained as an active ingredient.
- the food and drink according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is The fat accumulation inhibitor according to the first aspect of the present invention is contained.
- the method for producing a fat accumulation inhibitor according to the fifth aspect of the present invention comprises: Including a step of obtaining an extract by performing an extraction operation on a thistle plant using a solvent, It is characterized by that.
- the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the sixth aspect of the present invention Obtained by the method for producing a fat accumulation inhibitor according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, It is characterized by that.
- a fat accumulation inhibitor having an excellent effect
- a pharmaceutical containing the fat accumulation inhibitor a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for fatty liver, a food and drink, and a method for producing a fat accumulation inhibitor.
- Can do a pharmaceutical containing the fat accumulation inhibitor, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for fatty liver, a food and drink, and a method for producing a fat accumulation inhibitor.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of freeze-dried powder of thistle leaf according to this example on the expression of lipolysis promotion-related genes and adipose synthesis-related genes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and renal white adipose tissue of mice fed with a high fat diet. is there.
- the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present invention contains a thistle plant as an active ingredient.
- the thistle genus plant used in the present invention Asteraceae (Asteraceae) Shimaazami belonging to thistle genus (Cirsium) (Cirsium brevicaule A.Gray) , Ogasawara thistle (C. boninense), Oiran'azami (C. spinosum), Hamaazami ( C. maritimum), and the like (provided that Arechiazami (Cephalonoplos segetum (Bieb.) Kitam .) and Noazami (Cirsium japonicum DC.) is excluded).
- the silver thistle Cirsium brevicale A. Gray
- Any plant of the genus Thrips that exhibits the effects of the present invention can be selected as appropriate.
- thistle plants those of any cultivation days can be used.
- leaves, stems, roots, rhizomes, fruits, seeds, seed coats, flowers and the like of thistle plants can be used, but leaves of thistle plants can be preferably used.
- thistle plants are raw or dried powders (for example, prepared by freeze-drying thistle plants and pulverizing them in a mortar or the like), juice, and thistle plant extract (described later). It is prepared and used in the form of etc. Commercially available extracts of thistle plants, powders of thistle plants, and the like may also be used. Therefore, in the present specification, the term “thistle plant” contained in the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present invention refers to a raw thistle plant, a dry powder of thistle plant, a squeezed juice of thistle plant, and a thistle genus. It refers to plant extracts (described later), extracts of thistle plants, and the like.
- the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present invention has the effect of suppressing the accumulation of fat in fat cells and reducing the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS: Fatty acid synthase).
- the method for producing a fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present invention includes a step of obtaining an extract by performing an extraction operation on a thistle plant using a solvent.
- Examples of thistle plants used in the above-described process include raw thistle plants, dry powder of thistle plants, and the like.
- the kind of thistle plant, the number of cultivation days, and the use site are the same as described above.
- obtaining an extract by performing an extraction operation on a thistle plant using a solvent means, for example, immersing a thistle plant in a solvent (eg, immersing at 37 ° C. for 2 hours).
- a solvent eg, immersing at 37 ° C. for 2 hours.
- separating the solvent for example, filtration under reduced pressure
- washing the residue with a solvent to obtain an extract solution
- immersing thistle plant in the solvent immersing thistle plant in the solvent
- the solvent is separated, the residue is washed with a solvent, and further, separation of the solvent and washing of the residue with the solvent are repeated once or twice or more to obtain an extract.
- the “extraction operation” means immersing a thistle plant in a solvent, separating the solvent, washing the residue with a solvent, and the like.
- the “extract” is a liquid obtained by immersing thistle plant in a solvent, obtained by separating the solvent after immersing thistle plant in a solvent and washing the residue with a solvent. Represents a liquid or the like.
- solvent includes, for example, water, hot water (for example, 50 ° C. or higher), alcohols, hexane, chloroform, ethers, esters, and ketones.
- Alcohols are, for example, lower alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and polyhydric alcohols such as 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin;
- ethers are, for example, Examples include diethyl ether and propyl ether; esters include, for example, butyl acetate and ethyl acetate; and ketones include, for example, acetone and ethyl methyl ketone.
- an extraction operation may be performed on the obtained residue using chloroform, and different solvents may be combined in order in the extraction operation.
- water, hot water, ethanol or the like is preferably used as the solvent.
- hexane extract What is obtained by the step of obtaining the liquid may be referred to as “hexane extract”; what is obtained by the step of obtaining the extract by performing an extraction operation with chloroform as a solvent on the thistle plant is “ “Chloroform extract” may be referred to as “the extract of a thrips plant using ethanol as a solvent to obtain an extract” There is a case that ethanol extract ".
- the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present specification may be obtained by the above-described production method. That is, since the above-mentioned “thistle plant extract” has the effect of suppressing fat accumulation in adipocytes and reducing the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), it can be used as a fat accumulation inhibitor. Further, for example, a specific fraction obtained by further performing solid phase extraction or the like on an extract with a specific solvent may be used as a fat accumulation inhibitor, and a specific fraction obtained by this solid phase extraction may be used. A specific fraction obtained by further subjecting the fraction to HPLC or the like may be used as a fat accumulation inhibitor.
- a specific fraction obtained by further subjecting the fraction to HPLC or the like may be used as a fat accumulation inhibitor.
- the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present invention can be used for pharmaceuticals.
- the pharmaceutical product according to the present invention contains the aforementioned fat accumulation inhibitor as an active ingredient.
- the administration method of the pharmaceutical product according to the present invention can be appropriately selected from oral administration, intravenous administration, intraperitoneal administration, intradermal administration, sublingual administration and the like.
- the pharmaceutical dosage form may also be arbitrary, for example, oral solid preparations such as tablets, granules, powders and capsules, oral liquid preparations such as internal liquids and syrups, and parenteral liquids such as injections. It can be appropriately prepared for preparations and the like.
- the pharmaceuticals according to the present invention include commonly used excipients, binders, disintegrants, thickeners, dispersants, reabsorption accelerators, taste-masking agents, buffers, surfactants, solubilizers, preservatives. , Emulsifiers, tonicity agents, stabilizers, pH adjusters, and the like can be appropriately contained.
- the pharmaceutical agent according to the present invention may appropriately contain other active ingredients (for example, fatty liver inhibitor) other than the aforementioned fat accumulation inhibitor.
- the dose of the fat accumulation inhibitor which is an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical product according to the present invention, can be appropriately set depending on the age, weight, indication symptoms, etc. of the patient.
- administration during meals, administration after meals, administration before meals, administration between meals, administration before going to bed, etc. are possible.
- the pharmaceutical product according to the present invention contains the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present invention as an active ingredient, it suppresses fat accumulation in adipocytes, particularly improves lipid metabolism in the liver. It exerts actions such as fat reduction, obesity suppression and prevention, and improvement of obesity.
- the present invention can provide a preventive or therapeutic agent for fatty liver because it is excellent in the action of inhibiting the accumulation of fat in the liver.
- the present inventors have found that one mechanism of the effect of inhibiting fat accumulation is not due to the action of promoting lipolysis, but due to a decrease in the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS).
- FAS fatty acid synthase
- fatty liver has not only been associated with the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer, but also has been suggested to increase the risk of developing diabetes and promote arteriosclerosis. It is particularly important that the accumulation of fat in the liver can be suppressed and the fatty liver can be suppressed by a preventive or therapeutic agent for the liver.
- the fat accumulation inhibitor according to the present invention can be used in foods and drinks.
- the food-drinks by this invention contain the above-mentioned fat accumulation inhibitor.
- the food and drink according to the present invention can be prepared in the form of granules, granules, pastes, gels, solids, liquids, and the like.
- excipients, binders, disintegrants, thickeners, dispersants, reabsorption accelerators, taste-masking agents, buffering agents, surfactants, solubilizers, which are permitted to be contained in food and drink, Preservatives, emulsifiers, isotonic agents, stabilizers, pH adjusters, and the like can be appropriately contained.
- it can be applied to foods and drinks, functional foods, foods for sick people, foods for specified health use, etc., which are based on the concept of fatty liver suppression and the like as necessary.
- the fat accumulation inhibitor by this invention can also be used for feeds, such as mammals, pet food, a supplement for pets similarly to food-drinks.
- Example 1 A striped thistle extract was prepared from striped thistle leaves and cultured cell experiments were conducted.
- Residual hexane was removed by placing the residue after washing with hexane under reduced pressure. Extraction processing was performed by adding 10 mL of chloroform to the residue after removing hexane and immersing at 37 ° C. for 2 hours. After extraction, the extract was separated by filtration under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed twice with 10 mL of chloroform. The liquid produced by this washing was combined with the previously obtained extract to obtain a chloroform extract.
- Residual chloroform was removed by placing the residue after the previous washing with chloroform under reduced pressure.
- An extraction treatment was performed by adding 10 mL of ethanol to the residue after removal of chloroform and immersing it at 37 ° C. for 2 hours. After extraction, the extract was separated by filtration under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed twice with 10 mL of ethanol. The liquid produced by this washing was combined with the previously obtained extract to obtain an ethanol extract.
- the remaining ethanol was removed by placing the residue after washing with ethanol under reduced pressure. Extraction processing was performed by adding 10 mL of distilled water to the residue after removing ethanol and immersing it at 37 ° C. for 2 hours. After extraction, the extract was separated by filtration under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed twice with 10 mL of distilled water. The liquid produced by this washing was combined with the previously obtained extract to obtain a water extract.
- the hexane extract, chloroform extract and ethanol extract obtained by the above preparation method were dried under reduced pressure, and the water extract was lyophilized. Each extract was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a 25 mg / mL solution.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Vogt modified Eagle's minimum essential medium
- adipocytes were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and fixed with formalin. Fixed cells were washed again with PBS and then soaked in 60% isopropanol for 1 minute. Thereafter, lipid droplets were stained with oil red O (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) dissolved in 60% isopropanol for 10 minutes (for the experimental method using oil red O, Food Function Research Method (Apple) p133 -136). Thereafter, the cells were washed once with 60% isopropanol and twice with PBS, and the formation of lipid droplets in the cells was visually evaluated under an optical microscope.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the cultured adipocytes after culturing with the addition of the hexane extract were washed with PBS, the cells were lysed with 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate, and lipids were extracted from the cell lysate.
- the method of Bligh & Dyer (Bright EG and Dyer WJ, A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 9-19: 19 and 19: 19) is used.
- the extracted lipid was dissolved in isopropanol containing 10% Triton X-100, and neutral fat (triglyceride: TG) concentration was measured using triglyceride E-Test Wako (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The value of this TG concentration was corrected by the protein concentration of the cell lysate (measured using Qubit Fluorometer (Invitrogen)) to obtain an intracellular triglyceride (triglyceride: TG) concentration. As a test method, Student's t-test was used to detect a significant difference between the two groups.
- FIG. 1 (a) The results of oil red O staining are shown in FIG. 1 (a), and the results of intracellular neutral fat (triglyceride: TG) concentration measurement are shown in FIG. 1 (b).
- ND indicates 3T3-L1 cells (Non-Differencement, ND) that have not undergone differentiation induction treatment
- Control has undergone differentiation induction treatment and added with dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the cultured cells are shown. It was shown that the number of lipid droplets formed in the cells cultured with the addition of hexane extract of striped thistle was clearly smaller than that of chloroform extract, ethanol extract and water extract (Fig. 1 (a)).
- 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes by culturing for 2 days in DMEM mixed with 10% FBS, 50 nM IBMX, 1 ⁇ M DEX and 10 ⁇ g / mL insulin.
- the medium was replaced with DMEM mixed with 10% FBS and 10 ⁇ g / mL insulin, then the medium was replaced on the second day, and then cultured until the fourth day.
- each extract of the striped thistle obtained as described above was added to the medium from the start of differentiation induction of 3T3-L1 cells to the end of the experiment so that the final concentration was 50 ⁇ g / mL.
- Example 2 Animal experiments were performed using freeze-dried powder of thistle leaves.
- each tissue and blood of the mouse was collected, and the body weight and organ weight (FIG. 3), tissue weight (FIG. 4), blood parameters (FIG. 5) and various parameters of the liver (FIG. 6) of each group of mice. ) was measured.
- Dunnett's method which is a multiple test method, was used to detect a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group.
- Mouse liver neutral fat concentration and liver total cholesterol concentration were measured as follows. The liver was removed from the mice after the breeding, and the method of Folch et al. (1): 497-509) was used to extract liver lipids. The extracted liver lipid was dissolved in isopropanol containing 10% Triton X-100 to obtain a lipid extract. The neutral fat concentration in this lipid extract was measured using the method of Fletcher (Fletcher MJ, A colorimetric method for Estimating serum triglycerides; Clinica Chimica Acta 1968; 22 (3)): 393-397. The total cholesterol concentration in this lipid extract was measured using Cholesterol E-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- FIG. 3 shows the measurement results of body weight, liver weight, spleen weight, and kidney weight. While no changes were seen in body weight, spleen weight and kidney weight, liver weight was significantly reduced as the content of striped thrips in the diet increased.
- FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of testicular peripheral adipose tissue weight, renal peripheral adipose tissue weight, mesenteric adipose tissue weight, and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight. While there was no change in the weight of testicular adipose tissue, peripheral kidney adipose tissue, and mesenteric adipose tissue, the subcutaneous adipose tissue weight decreased significantly as the content of striped thistle leaves increased in the diet. It was.
- FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of blood neutral fat concentration, blood total cholesterol concentration, blood free fatty acid concentration, and blood insulin concentration. While blood triglyceride concentration, blood total cholesterol concentration, and blood insulin concentration did not change, blood free fatty acid concentration decreased significantly as the content of striped thistle leaves increased. It was.
- FIG. 6 shows the measurement results of liver neutral fat concentration, liver total cholesterol concentration, and blood markers (AST and ALT) of liver damage. Significant decreases were observed not only in the liver triglyceride concentration and liver total cholesterol concentration, but also in the blood markers for liver damage (AST and ALT).
- FIG. 7 shows the results for the subcutaneous white adipose tissue and white kidney adipose tissue
- FIG. 8 shows the results for the liver.
- “Control” in FIGS. 7 and 8 is a group to which feed containing no freeze-dried powder of thistle leaf was given (that is, the group of “0%” in Table 2).
- fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and peripheral white adipose tissue decreased in a dose-dependent manner (FIG. 7), and also in the liver, FAS expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner (FIG. 8).
- Example 3 The fat accumulation inhibitory effect of the hexane extract and chloroform extract obtained from the leaves of thistle was examined in detail.
- the above-mentioned hexane extract solution was subjected to solid phase extraction using a Presep-C silica gel column (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to obtain each fraction. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, 1 mL of the above hexane extract solution was applied to a Presep-C silica gel column, and the resulting eluate was designated as “FT1 fraction”. Subsequently, 5 mL of hexane was passed through and the obtained eluate was designated as “FT2 fraction”. Subsequently, 5 mL of hexane: chloroform (50:50) was passed through, and the obtained eluate was designated as “HC (50/50) fraction”.
- NC indicates 3T3-L1 cells not subjected to differentiation induction treatment
- PC indicates cells cultured after differentiation induction treatment and addition of dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the intracellular triglyceride concentration was significantly lower than that of “PC” (FIG. 11).
- the hexane extract of striped thistle leaves according to this example suppresses lipid accumulation.
- the HC (50/50) fraction in the hexane extract is excellent in lipid accumulation inhibitory effect.
- a fat synthesis related gene was evaluated using HepG2 cell which is a human liver cancer cell.
- Cell culture and induction of differentiation into adipocytes were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that HepG2 cells were used instead of 3T3-L1 cells. From the start of induction of differentiation of HepG2 cells to the end of the experiment, a medium in which each fraction dissolved in 1 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide was added to 0.5% (v / v) was used.
- purification of total RNA from cells, cDNA synthesis, and real-time PCR were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, but the following primers were used for detecting FAS expression.
- FAS-sense TCGTGGGCTACAGCATGGGT (SEQ ID NO: 33)
- FAS-anti-sense GCCCTCTGAAGTCGAAGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 34)
- ACTB-sense TCACCGAGCGCGCT (SEQ ID NO: 35)
- ACTB-anti-sense TAATGTCACGCACGATTTCCC (SEQ ID NO: 36)
- Each gene expression data was corrected by the expression level of the housekeeping gene ( ⁇ -actin, ACTB), which is an internal standard, and the mRNA level of the fat synthesis-related gene (FAS) was evaluated for the cells treated with each fraction.
- ACTB housekeeping gene
- FAS fat synthesis-related gene
- CM (50/50) fraction in which the decrease in fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression was observed, the CM (50/50) fraction was subjected to HPLC (described later), and fractions 1 to 10 (Fr .01 to 10) (FIG. 14).
- the HPLC method will be specifically described.
- An Shimadzu Corporation instrument was used as the HPLC instrument, and an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD-LT, Shimadzu Corporation) was used as the detector.
- the column used was a silica gel column Develosil packed column (60-3 8.0 / 250 (NM), Nomura Chemical), and gradient analysis (flow rate 0.5 mL / min) using chloroform and methanol was performed.
- results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 16, “solvent” indicates cells cultured with addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, and “CM (50/50) fraction” indicates cells cultured with addition of the aforementioned CM (50/50) fraction. Show. In “Fr.04”, the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) is significantly reduced compared to “solvent”, and the degree of decrease in fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression in “Fr.04” is “CM (50/50) fraction "was stronger than that.
- the chloroform extract of striped thistle leaves according to this example reduced the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS).
- the CM (50/50) fraction in the chloroform extract, and further, fraction 4 (Fr. 04) in the CM (50/50) fraction may be excellent in the fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression reduction effect. Indicated.
- the thistle extract according to this example has the effect of suppressing lipid accumulation and reducing the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS).
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Abstract
Description
アザミ属植物を有効成分として含有する。
本発明の第1の観点に係る脂肪蓄積抑制剤を有効成分として含有する。
本発明の第1の観点に係る脂肪蓄積抑制剤を有効成分として含有する。
本発明の第1の観点に係る脂肪蓄積抑制剤を含有する。
アザミ属植物に対して溶媒を用いて抽出操作を行うことで抽出液を得る工程を含む、
ことを特徴とする。
本発明の第5の観点に係る脂肪蓄積抑制剤の製造方法により得られる、
ことを特徴とする。
シマアザミ葉からシマアザミ抽出物を調製し、培養細胞実験を行った。
シマアザミの葉を水で洗った後、次亜塩素酸で殺菌した。その後、水切りを十分行い、予備凍結させた。その後、真空乾燥装置(株式会社マルイ)を用いてシマアザミの葉を凍結乾燥させた。凍結乾燥させた葉を粉砕機で粉砕し、ふるいにかけることで非粉末物を除去して、シマアザミの葉の凍結乾燥粉末を得た。この凍結乾燥粉末1gに10mLのヘキサンを加え、37℃で2時間浸漬させることで、抽出処理を行った。抽出後、減圧濾過により抽出液を分離し、残渣を10mLのヘキサンで2回洗浄した。この洗浄により生じた液を、先に得た抽出液と合わせ、ヘキサン抽出物とした。
10%のウシ血清を加えたダルベッコ・フォークト変法イーグル最小必須培地(DMEM)にて、マウス線維芽細胞(3T3―L1細胞)を、5×103細胞/mL/ウェルとなるように24ウェルプレートに播種した。インキュベーター(37℃、5%CO2)内で、1日おきに培地交換を行いながら、コンフルエントに達するまで培養した。コンフルエントに達した後、さらに2日間の培養を行い、その後、分化誘導を開始させた。
3T3―L1細胞の脂肪細胞への分化誘導を、10%牛胎児血清(FBS)、50nMイソブチルメチルキサンチン(IBMX)、1μMデキサメタソン(DEX)及び10μg/mLインスリンを混合したDMEMにて、2日間培養することで行った。分化誘導開始後2日目に、培地を10%FBS及び10μg/mLインスリンを混合したDMEMに交換し、その後2日目に同培地の交換を行い、その後4日目まで培養を行った。なお、前述の通り得られたシマアザミの各抽出物を、終濃度50μg/mLとなるように、3T3―L1細胞の分化誘導開始時から実験終了時まで培地に添加した。
培養終了後の、脂肪細胞に分化誘導された3T3-L1細胞(以下、“培養脂肪細胞”という)内に形成される脂肪滴の数及び細胞内中性脂肪(トリグリセリド:TG)濃度を評価することによって、シマアザミ葉の各抽出物の脂質蓄積抑制効果を評価した。
オイルレッドO染色の結果を図1(a)に、細胞内中性脂肪(トリグリセリド:TG)濃度測定の結果を図1(b)に示す。図1(a)及び(b)において、「ND」は分化誘導処理を行なっていない3T3-L1細胞(Non-Diffenrentiation、ND)を示し、「Control」は分化誘導処理を行ってジメチルスルホキシドを添加して培養した細胞を示す。シマアザミ葉のヘキサン抽出物を添加して培養した細胞では、クロロホルム抽出物、エタノール抽出物及び水抽出物のそれに比して、形成された脂肪滴の数が明らかに少ないことが示された(図1(a))。また、シマアザミ葉のヘキサン抽出物を添加して培養した細胞では、コントロールに比して有意に細胞内中性脂肪(トリグリセリド:TG)濃度が低いことが示された(図1(b))。
シマアザミ葉のヘキサン抽出物を用いて、培養脂肪細胞の脂肪分解促進関連遺伝子及び脂肪合成関連遺伝子(表1)の発現に及ぼす影響について検討した。
結果を図2に示す。図2において、「ND」及び「Control」については図1と同様である。シマアザミ葉のヘキサン抽出物を添加して培養した細胞では、コントロールに比して有意に脂肪酸合成酵素(FAS)の発現が低下していた。
シマアザミ葉の凍結乾燥粉末を用いて、動物実験を行った。
・中性脂肪(図5):トリグリセライド E-テストワコー(和光純薬工業株式会社)
・総コレステロール(図5):コレステロールE-テストワコー(和光純薬工業株式会社)
・遊離脂肪酸(図5):NEFA C-テストワコー(和光純薬工業株式会社)
・インスリン(図5):マウスインスリン測定キット(株式会社森永生科学研究所)
・肝障害マーカー(ALT及びAST)(図6):トランスアミナーゼCII-テストワコー(和光純薬工業株式会社)
図3に体重、肝臓重量、脾臓重量及び腎臓重量の測定結果を示す。体重、脾臓重量及び腎臓重量には変化が見られなかった一方で、肝臓重量は、飼料中のシマアザミ葉の含量が多くなるほど有意に低下していた。
シマアザミ葉の摂取が、高脂肪食摂取マウスの脂肪細胞及び肝臓における脂肪分解促進関連遺伝子及び脂肪合成関連遺伝子(表3)の発現にどのような影響を及ぼすかについて検討した。
図7に皮下白色脂肪組織及び腎臓周辺白色脂肪組織での結果を、図8に肝臓での結果を示す。なお、図3-6と同様に、図7及び図8の「Control」は、シマアザミ葉の凍結乾燥粉末が含まれていない飼料を与えた群(つまり、表2の「0%」の群)を表す。シマアザミ葉を摂取した高脂肪食摂取マウスでは、皮下白色脂肪組織及び腎臓周辺白色脂肪組織の脂肪酸合成酵素(FAS)発現が用量依存的に低下しており(図7)、また、肝臓においても、FAS発現が用量依存的に低下していた(図8)。
シマアザミ葉から得られたヘキサン抽出物及びクロロホルム抽出物の脂肪蓄積抑制効果について、詳細に検証した。
実施例1と同様にシマアザミの葉の凍結乾燥粉末を得た。この凍結乾燥粉末に10倍量のヘキサンを加え、37℃で2時間振盪浸漬させることで、抽出処理を行った。抽出後、減圧濾過により抽出液を分離し、残渣を凍結乾燥粉末の10倍量のヘキサンで2回洗浄した。この洗浄により生じた液を、先に得た抽出液と合わせ、ヘキサン抽出物とした(図9)。
先のヘキサンによる洗浄後の残渣を減圧下に置くことで、残存するヘキサンを除去した。ヘキサン除去後の残渣に凍結乾燥粉末の10倍量のクロロホルムを加え、37℃で2時間振盪浸漬させることで、抽出処理を行った。抽出後、減圧濾過により抽出液を分離し、残渣を凍結乾燥粉末の10倍量のクロロホルムで2回洗浄した。この洗浄により生じた液を、先に得た抽出液と合わせ、クロロホルム抽出物とした(図9)。
以上の調製方法により得られたヘキサン抽出物を減圧乾固し、ヘキサンに溶解して、10mg/mLのヘキサン抽出物溶解液を得た(図10)。
細胞内中性脂肪濃度測定の結果を図11に示す。図11において、「NC」は分化誘導処理を行なっていない3T3-L1細胞を示し、「PC」は分化誘導処理を行ってジメチルスルホキシドを添加して培養した細胞を示す。HC(50/50)画分を添加して培養した細胞では、「PC」に比して有意に細胞内中性脂肪濃度が低いことが示された(図11)。
上記の調製方法により得られたクロロホルム抽出物を減圧乾固し、クロロホルムに溶解して、100mg/mLのクロロホルム抽出物溶解液を得た(図12)。
FAS-sense:TCGTGGGCTACAGCATGGT(配列番号33)
FAS-anti-sense:GCCCTCTGAAGTCGAAGAAG(配列番号34)
ACTB-sense:TCACCGAGCGCGGCT(配列番号35)
ACTB-anti-sense:TAATGTCACGCACGATTTCCC(配列番号36)
・0:00 Start(CHCl3:MeOH=100:0)
・60:00 (CHCl3:MeOH=75:15)
・70:00(CHCl3:MeOH=50:50)
・90:00 stop(CHCl3:MeOH=50:0)
Claims (7)
- アザミ属植物を有効成分として含有する脂肪蓄積抑制剤。
- アザミ属植物は、シマアザミである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の脂肪蓄積抑制剤。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の脂肪蓄積抑制剤を有効成分として含有する、
ことを特徴とする医薬品。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の脂肪蓄積抑制剤を有効成分として含有する、
ことを特徴とする脂肪肝の予防剤又は治療剤。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の脂肪蓄積抑制剤を含有する、
ことを特徴とする飲食品。 - アザミ属植物に対して溶媒を用いて抽出操作を行うことで抽出液を得る工程を含む、
ことを特徴とする脂肪蓄積抑制剤の製造方法。 - 請求項6に記載の製造方法により得られる、
ことを特徴とする脂肪蓄積抑制剤。
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KR20180096163A (ko) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-29 | 재단법인 임실치즈앤식품연구소 | 갱년기 증상의 개선 기능이 있는 엉겅퀴 추출물 및 이의 제조방법 |
WO2020017568A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-23 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | アディポネクチン分泌促進剤 |
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JPWO2020017568A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-08-02 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | アディポネクチン分泌促進剤 |
US20210283207A1 (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-09-16 | Osaka University | Adiponectin secretion promoting agent |
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