WO2015021872A1 - 永磁电机、制冷压缩机及空调机组 - Google Patents

永磁电机、制冷压缩机及空调机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015021872A1
WO2015021872A1 PCT/CN2014/083628 CN2014083628W WO2015021872A1 WO 2015021872 A1 WO2015021872 A1 WO 2015021872A1 CN 2014083628 W CN2014083628 W CN 2014083628W WO 2015021872 A1 WO2015021872 A1 WO 2015021872A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
permanent magnet
stator
magnet motor
inner cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/083628
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
樊钊
丁亚斌
陈颖
刘怀灿
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority to EP14836544.8A priority Critical patent/EP3035494B1/en
Priority to US14/912,030 priority patent/US10211687B2/en
Priority to DK14836544.8T priority patent/DK3035494T3/en
Priority to ES14836544T priority patent/ES2702119T3/es
Priority to JP2016533799A priority patent/JP6475721B2/ja
Publication of WO2015021872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015021872A1/zh
Priority to PH12016500260A priority patent/PH12016500260B1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/047—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of screw type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor, and more particularly to a permanent magnet motor, a refrigerant compressor having the same, and an air conditioning unit having the same.
  • an axial vent hole is opened in the yoke of the motor stator, and the temperature rise of the motor is reduced by the yoke cooling. Since the heat is most generated by the copper wire during the operation of the motor, followed by the eddy current of the silicon steel sheet, the tooth portion of the motor is second only to the region where the temperature of the stator winding is high. Therefore, the cooling method of opening the axial vent hole in the stator yoke of the motor cannot be quickly dissipated.
  • some permanent magnet motors use a cooling mode in which a circular axial vent hole is formed in the stator tooth portion of the motor, and the cooling medium is used to dissipate heat through the axial vent hole.
  • this cooling method enables the heat exchange fluid to exchange heat in the tooth portion where the motor heat is most concentrated, there is an air gap between the inner circular surface of the stator core and the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, which causes partial heat exchange fluid to be ventilated. The gap passes through, thereby affecting the heat dissipation of the teeth of the stator core, and generating wind wear loss.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet motor which has high heat dissipation efficiency and can reduce motor wind wear loss.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a refrigeration compressor having the same and an air conditioning unit having the same.
  • the present invention provides a permanent magnet motor including a casing, a stator and a rotor, the stator and the rotor being mounted in the casing, and separating the inner cavity of the casing into a first inner cavity and a second inner cavity, an air gap is formed between an inner circular surface of the stator and an outer circumferential surface of the rotor, the stator includes a stator core, and a toothed portion of the stator core is provided with a communication center An axial venting hole of the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity, the rotor including a rotor core and a rotor press disposed on both sides in an axial direction of the rotor core; at least one of the rotors is compressed Said turn A spacer is disposed between the sub-cores, and an outer edge of the spacer extends into the air gap.
  • the spacer is an annular structure, and an outer diameter of the spacer is larger than a diameter of an outer circumferential surface of the rotor and smaller than a diameter of an inner circular surface of the stator.
  • the spacer is made of a heat insulating material.
  • the rotor ring is provided with a CJ groove or protrusion on the surface opposite to the partition.
  • the spacer is made of an insulating material.
  • the axial vent is a tapered hole extending in a height direction of the tooth portion, and a width of the axial vent near an end of the tooth portion is greater than a proximity thereof The width of one end of the root of the tooth.
  • the cross-sectional contour of the axial vent includes an arc-shaped first contour near one side of the tooth head and an arc-shaped first side near the root of the tooth a second contour line and a linear third contour line connected between both ends of the first contour line and both ends of the second contour line.
  • a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet are provided on the housing, the fluid inlet being in communication with the first inner chamber, the fluid outlet being in communication with the second inner chamber.
  • a refrigeration compressor includes a motor and an impeller mounted on the rotating shaft of the motor, wherein the motor is a permanent magnet motor, and a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet are disposed on the casing.
  • the refrigerant inlet is in communication with the first inner chamber, and the refrigerant outlet is in communication with the second inner chamber.
  • the refrigeration compressor is a centrifugal refrigeration compressor or a screw refrigeration compressor.
  • An air conditioning unit provided by the present invention includes a compressor, a condenser, a main throttle element and an evaporator, and the compressor, the condenser, the main throttle element and the evaporator pass through a pipeline Connecting to form a refrigerant circulation loop, the compressor is the above-described refrigeration compressor, and the fluid inlet is connected to an outlet of the condenser via an auxiliary throttle element, the fluid outlet and an intake port of the compressor Connected.
  • the air conditioning unit further includes a flasher connected between the condenser and the evaporator, or the fluid inlet is connected to the auxiliary device through the auxiliary device The liquid outlet of the flasher is in communication.
  • the permanent magnet motor provided by the invention has a gas blockage formed in the air gap due to the high-speed rotation of the rotor, and the air clogging effect is increased due to the outer edge of the baffle extending into the air gap, which is beneficial to prevent more heat exchange fluid. Entering the air gap, the axial venting hole becomes the only channel of the whole circuit, thereby saving the amount of heat exchange fluid for cooling the permanent magnet motor and achieving a higher cooling ratio; moreover, the windmill loss of the permanent magnet motor can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a permanent magnet motor in one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a separator of the permanent magnet motor shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a stator core of the permanent magnet motor shown in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the stator core of the permanent magnet motor shown in Fig. 1.
  • the casing; 10a the first inner cavity; 10b, the second inner cavity; 10c, the air gap; 20, the stator; 21, the stator core; 211, the yoke; 212, the tooth; 212 a , head; 212b, ⁇ ⁇ ; 21 3, axial vents; 21 3a, first contour; 21 3b, second contour; 21 3c, third contour; 22, winding winding;
  • a permanent magnet motor is provided.
  • the permanent magnet motor includes a casing 10, a stator 20 and a rotor 30, and the stator 20 is fixedly mounted in the casing 10,
  • the rotor 30 is mounted inside the stator core 21, and the stator 20 and the rotor 30 divide the inner cavity of the casing 10 into a first inner cavity 10a on the left side and a second inner cavity 1 on the right side. 0b, and an air gap 10c is formed between the inner circular surface 23 of the stator and the outer circumferential surface 35 of the rotor.
  • the stator includes a stator core 21, and the tooth portion 212 of the stator core 21 is provided with an axial ventilation hole 21 3 communicating with the first inner cavity 10a and the second inner cavity 10b.
  • the rotor 30 includes The rotor core 31 and the rotor press ring 32 disposed on both sides in the axial direction of the rotor core 31 are disposed between one or two (two in the present embodiment) of the rotor press 32 and the rotor core 31. There is a partition 33, and the outer edge 33a of the partition 33 projects into the air gap 10c.
  • the heat exchange fluid (such as air, refrigerant) carries the heat on the tooth portion 212 through the axial vent hole 213, and the air formed in the air gap 10c is blocked due to the high-speed rotation of the rotor 30, and
  • the outer edge 33a of the plate 33 extends into the air gap 10c, which increases the air blocking effect, and helps to prevent more heat exchange fluid from entering the air gap, so that the axial ventilation hole 21 3 becomes the only passage of the entire circuit, thereby saving the cooling motor.
  • the amount of heat exchange fluid reaches a higher cooling ratio; moreover, the motor wind wear loss can be reduced.
  • the partition plate 33 has an annular structure, and an outer diameter of the partition plate 33 is larger than a diameter of the outer circumferential surface 35 of the rotor 30 and smaller than an inner circular surface of the stator 20. 23 diameter.
  • the partition 33 is made of a heat insulating material.
  • the heat exchange fluid such as refrigerant, air
  • the rotor pressure 32 forms a cold surface under relatively low temperature conditions, at which time there is a condensation effect on the surface of the rotor pressure 32 due to the high speed rotation of the rotor 30.
  • the condensed refrigerant directly slams toward the end of the winding 22, and cools the end of the winding 22 of the winding.
  • the rotor pressure 32 is provided with a groove or protrusion (not shown) on the surface of the partition plate 33 to achieve a better coagulation effect and a liquid carrying effect.
  • the spacer 33 is made of an insulating material which is non-magnetic and will not be magnetized, does not change the magnetic field in the motor, and does not add extra loss.
  • the stator core 21 has a yoke portion 211 and a plurality of radially inwardly extending tooth portions 212.
  • the tooth portion 212 of the stator core 21 is provided with a heat exchange fluid.
  • the axial venting hole 213 is a tapered hole extending along the height direction of the tooth portion 212, and the axial vent hole 213 is adjacent to the head 212a of the tooth portion 212 The width is greater than its width adjacent the end 212b of the tooth 212.
  • the heat exchange fluid e.g., air, refrigerant
  • the tooth portion 212 is in full contact with the heat exchange fluid, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, the temperature field of the motor is uniform, and the temperature is constant; and, since the axial vent hole 21 3 is tapered Thus, the residual paint of the immersion paint process is concentrated to the narrow end of the axial vent hole 21 3 under the surface tension effect of the object, so that the wide end of the axial vent hole 21 3 is kept unobstructed, thereby ensuring that the motor does not block the shaft during the immersion process. Ventilation hole 213
  • the cross-sectional contour of the axial venting hole 213 includes an arc-shaped first rim line 21 3a adjacent to the head 212 a side of the tooth portion 212, adjacent to the tooth portion 212. a second arc-shaped second rim line 21 3b on one side of the portion 212b and a linear third contour line 21 3c connected between both ends of the first rim line 213a and the second contour line 21 3b,
  • the arc-shaped transition between the sides of the axial venting hole 213 can maintain the strength of the tooth portion 212 on the one hand, and avoid the charge accumulation caused by the sharp corner on the other hand.
  • the radius R1 of the first contour line 213a is not more than 1/3 of the width L2 of the tooth portion 212 to maintain the strength of the tooth portion 212 of the stator core 21.
  • the distance L between the center 01 of the first contour line 21 3a and the inner circular surface 23 of the stator 20 is greater than 0.5.
  • the axial venting hole 21 3 is as close as possible to the air gap.
  • the distance L1 between the center 01 of the first wheel line 21 3a and the center 02 of the second contour line 213b is greater than or equal to the radius R1 of the first rim line 21 3a, so as to be The axial vents 21 3 remain male.
  • the radius R2 of the second contour line 113b is not more than 1 / 3 of the radius R1 of the first contour line 21 3a to ensure that the surface tension of the liquid is present during the dipping process, so that the paint adheres to the vent hole as much as possible. Narrow end, not blocking the shaft To the vent 21 3 .
  • a fluid inlet (not shown) and a fluid outlet (not shown) are disposed on the casing 10, and the fluid inlet is in communication with the first inner chamber 110a.
  • the fluid outlet is in communication with the second inner chamber 1 Ob.
  • a liquid heat exchange fluid preferably a liquid refrigerant enters the first inner chamber 10a from the fluid inlet and then exchanges heat through the axial vents 21 3 , during which the heat exchange fluid absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change.
  • the heat transfer ratio of the motor is further improved by taking away heat through the phase change.
  • a refrigeration compressor including a motor, wherein the motor is the motor in the above embodiment, and the casing 10 is provided with a refrigerant inlet connected to the first inner chamber 10a. (not shown) and a refrigerant outlet (not shown) in communication with the second inner chamber 1 Ob.
  • the heat exchange fluid enters the first inner chamber 10a from the refrigerant inlet, passes through the axial vent 213 and exchanges heat with the tooth portion 212, flows into the second inner chamber 10b, and finally discharges from the refrigerant outlet, so that the internal refrigerant of the motor is
  • An independent circulation system is formed under the action of the compressor.
  • the refrigeration compressor is preferably a centrifugal refrigeration compressor or a screw refrigeration compressor.
  • an air conditioning unit (not shown) including a compressor, a condenser, a main throttle element, a flasher and an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a main road section.
  • the flow element, the flasher and the evaporator are connected by a pipeline to form a refrigerant circulation loop, the compressor is the above-mentioned refrigeration compressor, and the refrigerant inlet is passed through the auxiliary throttle element and the condenser or the flasher
  • the liquid outlet is in communication, and the refrigerant outlet is in communication with the suction port of the compressor.
  • a low-temperature refrigerant is sprayed into the first inner cavity 10a, and a part of the low-temperature refrigerant passes through the axial air vent 21 3 , and directly exchanges heat with the tooth portion 212 to take away the stator.
  • the heat Since the heat in the operation of the motor mainly comes from the copper loss of the stator and the iron loss of the stator, and the rotor 30 is composed of permanent magnets, the heat generated by the rotor 30 can be neglected, and the main cause of the temperature rise of the rotor 30 during the operation of the motor is heat transfer.
  • the motor in the embodiment directly exchanges the heat loss of the stator, so that the motor reaches the uniform distribution of the temperature field, and the hidden danger of the high temperature demagnetization and the heat loss of the motor insulation due to the permanent magnet motor can be eliminated.
  • Another portion of the misty low temperature refrigerant condenses into a liquid state on the surface of the rotor pressure 32. Due to the high speed rotation of the rotor 30, the condensed refrigerant directly slams toward the end of the winding 22, cooling the end of the winding 22 of the winding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种永磁电机、制冷压缩机及空调机组，永磁电机的机壳（10）内安装有定子（20）和转子（30），将机壳（10）内腔分隔成第一内腔（10a）和第二内腔（10b），定子（20）内圆表面和转子（30）外圆表面之间形成气隙（10c），定子铁心（21）的齿部（212）上设置有连通第一内腔（10a）与第二内腔（10b）的轴向通风孔（213），转子（30）包括转子铁心（31）和设置于转子铁心（31）轴向方向上两侧的转子压圈（32）；在至少一个转子压圈（32）与转子铁心（30）之间设置有隔板（33），隔板（33）的外缘伸入气隙（10c）内，增加了气阻塞效应，有利于阻止更多换热流体进入气隙（10c），使轴向通风孔（213）成为整个回路唯一通道，从而节省了换热流体量，达到更高的冷却比。

Description

永磁电机、 制冷压缩机及空调机组 相关申请
本专利申请要求 201 3年 8月 1 3 曰申请的, 申请号为 20131 0351977. 3 , 名称为 "永磁 电机、 制冷压缩机及空调机组" 的中国专利申请的优先权， 在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及电机， 特别是涉及一种永磁电机、 具有该永磁电机的制冷压缩机及具有该 压缩机的空调机组。
背景技术
现有电机的轴向冷却系统多是在电机定子轭部开设轴向通风孔 , 通过轭部冷却降低电 机温升。 由于电机运行过程中发热最大为铜导线， 其次是硅钢片涡流， 电机齿部是仅次于 定子绕组温度高的区域， 因此在电机定子轭部开设轴向通风孔的冷却方式无法快速散热。
为了解决上述问题， 有的永磁电机采用在电机定子齿部开设圆形轴向通风孔的冷却方 式， 利用冷却介质经过轴向通风孔对齿部进行散热。 这种冷却方式虽然使换热流体能在电 机发热最集中的齿部换热， 但是由于定子铁心的内圆表面和转子铁心的外圆表面之间有气 隙， 这样导致部分换热流体从气隙经过， 从而影响定子铁心齿部的散热， 而且产生风磨损 耗。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术现状， 本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种永磁电机， 其散热 效率高， 且能减少电机风磨损耗。 本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题在于， 提供一种具有 该永滋电机的制冷压缩机和具有该制冷压缩机的空调机组。
为了解决上述技术问题， 本发明所提供一种永磁电机， 包括机壳、 定子和转子， 所述定 子和所述转子安装于所述机壳内，且将所述机壳的内腔分隔成第一内腔和第二内腔， 所述 定子的内圆表面和所述转子的外圆表面之间形成气隙， 所述定子包括定子铁心， 所述定子 铁心的齿部上设置有连通所述第一内腔与所述第二内腔的轴向通风孔， 所述转子包括转子 铁心和设置于该转子铁心轴向方向上两侧的转子压圏； 在至少一个所述转子压圏与所述转 子铁心之间设置有隔板， 且该隔板的外缘伸入所述气隙内。
在其中一个实施例中，所述隔板为环状结构，且该隔板的外径大于所述转子的外圆表面 的直径、 小于所述定子的内圆表面的直径。
在其中一个实施例中 , 所述隔板采用隔热材料制成。
在其中一个实施例中， 所述转子压圈背对所述隔板的表面上设置有 CJ槽或突起。
在其中一个实施例中 , 所述隔板采用绝缘材料制成。
在其中一个实施例中，所述轴向通风孔为沿所述齿部的高度方向延伸的锥形孔，且所述 轴向通风孔靠近所述齿部头部一端的宽度大于其靠近所述齿部根部一端的宽度。
在其中一个实施例中，所述轴向通风孔的横截面轮廓线包括靠近所述齿部头部一侧的圆 弧状第一轮廓线、 靠近所述齿部根部一侧的圆弧状第二轮廓线以及连接在该第一轮廓线两 端与该第二轮廓线两端之间的直线状第三轮廓线。
在其中一个实施例中，在所述机壳上设置有流体进口和流体出口，所述流体进口与所述 第一内腔连通， 所述流体出口与所述第二内腔连通。
本发明所提供的一种制冷压缩机，包括电机和安装在该电机转轴上的叶轮,其特征在于， 所述电机为上述的永磁电机， 在所述机壳上设置有冷媒进口和冷媒出口， 所述冷媒进口与 所述第一内腔连通 , 所述冷媒出口与所述第二内腔连通。
在其中一个实施例中， 所述制冷压缩机为离心式制冷压缩机或螺杆式制冷压缩机。 本发明所提供的一种空调机组， 包括压缩机、 冷凝器、 主路节流元件及蒸发器， 所述压 缩机、 所述冷凝器、 所述主路节流元件和所述蒸发器通过管道连接組成制冷剂循环回路， 所述压缩机为上述的制冷压缩机， 且所述流体进口经辅路节流元件与所述冷凝器的出口连 通， 所述流体出口与所述压缩机的吸气口连通。
在其中一个实施例中，所述的空调机组还包括闪发器，该闪发器连接在所述冷凝器与所 述蒸发器之间， 或者所述流体进口经所述辅路节流元件与所述闪发器的液体出口连通。
本发明所述提供的永磁电机， 由于转子高速旋转在气隙中形成的气阻塞，且由于隔板的 外缘伸入气隙内， 增加了气阻塞效应， 有利于阻止更多换热流体进入气隙， 使轴向通风孔 成为整个回路唯一通道， 从而节省了冷却永磁电机的换热流体量， 达到更高的冷却比； 而 且， 还可以减小永磁电机风磨损耗。
本发明的附加技术特征的有益效果将在本说明书具体实施方式部分进行说明。 附图说明
图 1为本发明其中一个实施例中的永磁电机的剖视结构示意图；
图 2为图 1中所示永磁电机的隔板的结构示意图；
图 3为图 1中所示永磁电机的定子铁心的结构示意图；
图 4为图 1中所示永磁电机的定子铁心的局部放大示意图。
以上各图中， 10、 机壳； 10a、 第一内腔； 10b、 第二内腔； 10c、 气隙； 20、 定子； 21、 定子铁心； 211、 轭部； 212、 齿部； 212 a、 头部； 212b、 才艮部； 21 3、 轴向通风孔； 21 3a、 第一轮廓线； 21 3b、 第二轮廓线； 21 3c、 第三轮廓线； 22、 线圏绕组； 23、 定子的内圆表 面； 30、 转子； 31、 转子铁心； 32、 转子压圏； 33、 隔板； 33a、 隔板的外缘； 34、 转轴； 35、 转子的外圆表面。 具体实施方式
下面参考附图并结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下， 以下各实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本发明其中一个实施例中， 提供一种永磁电机， 如图 1所示， 永磁电机包括机壳 10、 定子 20和转子 30 , 所述定子 20固定安装在所述机壳 10内， 所述转子 30安装在所述定子 铁心 21的内部， 所述定子 20和所述转子 30将所述机壳 1 0的内腔分隔成左側的第一内腔 1 0a和右側的第二内腔 1 0b , 且所述定子的内圓表面 23和所述转子的外圓表面 35之间形成 气隙 10c。 所述定子包括定子铁心 21 , 所述定子铁心 21的齿部 212上设置有连通所述第一 内腔 10a与所述第二内腔 1 0b的轴向通风孔 21 3 ,所述转子 30包括转子铁心 31和设置于该 转子铁心 31轴向方向上两侧的转子压圈 32 , 在一个或两个（本实施例为两个）所述转子压 圏 32与所述转子铁心 31之间设置有隔板 33，且该隔板 33的外缘 33a伸入所述气隙 10c内。
电机工作过程中， 换热流体 (如空气、 制冷剂）通过轴向通风孔 21 3将齿部 212上的热 量带走， 由于转子 30高速旋转在气隙 10c中形成的气阻塞， 且由于隔板 33的外缘 33a伸 入气隙 1 0c内， 增加了气阻塞效应， 有利于阻止更多换热流体进入气隙， 使轴向通风孔 21 3 成为整个回路唯一通道， 从而节省了冷却电机的换热流体量， 达到更高的冷却比； 而且， 还可以减小电机风磨损耗。
如图 2所示， 较优地， 所述隔板 33为环状结构， 且该隔板 33的外径大于所述转子 30 的外圆表面 35的直径、 小于所述定子 20的内圆表面 23的直径。 较优地， 所述隔板 33采用隔热材料制成。 当换热流体（如冷媒、 空气）进入第一内腔 时，转子压圏 32在相对低温的条件下形成冷表面，此时在转子压圏 32表面会有凝结效应， 由于转子 30的高速旋转， 凝结的冷媒直接甩向线圏绕组 22端部， 冷却线圏绕组 22端部。 较优地， 所述转子压圏 32背对所述隔板 33的表面上设置有凹槽或突起（图中未示出）， 以 达到更好的凝结效果和带液效果。
较优地， 所述隔板 33采用绝缘材料制成， 绝缘材料不导磁， 不会被磁化， 不会改变电 机内的磁场， 不会增加额外的损耗。
较优地， 如图 3 4所示， 所述定子铁心 21具有轭部 211和多个径向向内伸出的齿部 212 , 在定子铁心 21的齿部 212上设置有供换热流体通过的轴向通风孔 21 3， 该轴向通风孔 21 3为沿所述齿部 212的高度方向延伸的锥形孔，且该轴向通风孔 21 3靠近所述齿部 212头 部 212a—端的宽度大于其靠近所述齿部 212根部 212b—端的宽度。 换热流体（如空气、 制冷剂）通过轴向通风孔 213将齿部 212上的热量带走。 由于轴向通风孔 21 3为锥形孔， 使得齿部 212 与换热流体充分接触， 提高了散热效率， 可以保证电机温度场均匀， 温度恒 定； 而且， 由于轴向通风孔 21 3 为锥形， 这样浸漆过程的残留漆在物体表面张力效应下向 轴向通风孔 21 3的窄端集中， 使轴向通风孔 21 3的宽端保持通畅， 保证了电机在浸漆过程 中不堵塞轴向通风孔 213
较优地， 所述轴向通风孔 21 3的横截面轮廓线包括靠近所述齿部 212头部 212 a—侧的 圆弧状第一轮廊线 21 3a、 靠近所述齿部 212才艮部 212b一側的圆弧状第二轮靡线 21 3b以及 连接在该第一轮靡线 213a两端与该第二轮廓线 21 3b两端之间的直线状第三轮廓线 21 3c 这样， 该轴向通风孔 213各边之间圆弧过渡， 一方面可以保持齿部 212的强度， 另一方面 避免尖角导致电荷聚集。
较优地， 所述第一轮廓线 21 3a的半径 R1不大于所述齿部 212宽度 L2的 1 / 3， 以保持 定子铁心 21的齿部 212的强度。
较优地， 所述第一轮廓线 21 3a的中心 01与所述定子 20的内圆表面 23之间的距离 L 大于 0. 5 使轴向通风孔 21 3尽量靠近气隙处。
较优地，所述第一轮 线 21 3a的中心 01与所述第二轮廓线 213b的中心 02之间的间距 L1大于或等于所述第一轮虞线 21 3a的半径 R1 , 以尽量使轴向通风孔 21 3保持雄形。
较优地，所述第二轮廓线 113b的半径 R2不大于所述第一轮廓线 21 3a的半径 R1的 1 / 3 保证电机在浸漆过程中， 液体表面张力存在使油漆尽量黏附在通风孔的窄端， 不至堵住轴 向通风孔 21 3。
较优地， 在所述机壳 10上设置有流体进口 （图中未示出 )和流体出口 （图中未示出）， 所述流体进口与所述第一内腔 1 Oa连通，所述流体出口与所述第二内腔 1 Ob连通。使用时， 液态换热流体（优选为液体制冷剂）从流体进口进入第一内腔 10a 内， 然后通过轴向通风 孔 21 3 换热， 在此过程中， 换热流体吸收热量发生相变， 通过相变带走热量， 进一步提高 了电机换热比。
本发明另一个实施例中， 提供一种制冷压缩机， 包括电机， 所述电机为上述实施例中的 电机， 在所述机壳 10上设置有与所述第一内腔 10a连通的冷媒进口 （图中未示出）和与所 述第二内腔 1 Ob连通的冷媒出口 （图中未示出）。 这样， 换热流体从冷媒进口进入第一内腔 1 0a内， 经过轴向通风孔 213与齿部 212换热后， 流入第二内腔 10b内， 最后从冷媒出口排 出， 这样电机内部冷媒在压缩机作用下形成独立的循环体系。 所述制冷压缩机优选为离心 式制冷压缩机或螺杆式制冷压缩机。
本发明另一个实施例中， 提供一种空调机组 （图中未示出）， 包括压缩机、 冷凝器、 主 路节流元件、 闪发器及蒸发器， 压缩机、 冷凝器、 主路节流元件、 闪发器及蒸发器通过管 道连接组成制冷剂循环回路， 所述压缩机为上述的制冷压缩机， 且所述冷媒进口经辅路节 流元件与所述冷凝器或所述闪发器的液体出口连通， 所述冷媒出口与所述压缩机的吸气口 连通。
液态冷媒经辅路节流元件节流后形成雾态低温冷媒喷入第一内腔 10a中，一部分雾态低 温冷媒通过轴向通风孔 21 3 , 与齿部 212直接进行换热， 带走定子上的热量。 由于电机运行 过程中热量主要来自定子铜耗和定子铁耗， 而转子 30由永磁体构成， 转子 30发热可以忽 略, 那么在电机运行过程中导致转子 30温度升高主要原因是传热引起。 因此本实施例中的 电机将定子热损直接交换， 使电机达到温度场均匀分布的效果， 可以消除因永磁电机存在 高温退磁等隐患和电机绝缘热损隐患。 另一部分雾态低温冷媒在转子压圏 32表面上凝结成 液态， 由于转子 30的高速旋转， 凝结的冷媒直接甩向线圏绕组 22端部， 冷却线圏绕组 22 端部。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因 此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。 应当指出的是， 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下， 还可以做出若干变形和改进， 这些都属于本发明的保护范 围。

Claims

权利要求
1、一种永磁电机， 包括机壳、 定子和转子， 所述定子和所述转子安装于所述机壳内， 且将所述机壳的内腔分隔成第一内腔和第二内腔， 所述定子的内圓表面和所述转子的外圆 表面之间形成气隙， 所述定子包括定子铁心， 所述定子铁心的齿部上设置有连通所述第一 内腔与所述第二内腔的轴向通风孔， 所述转子包括转子铁心和设置于该转子铁心轴向方向 上两侧的转子压圏； 其特征在于， 在至少一个所述转子压圈与所述转子铁心之间设置有隔 板， 且该隔板的外缘伸入所述气隙内。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的永磁电机， 其特征在于， 所述隔板为环状结构， 且该隔板的 外径大于所述转子的外圆表面的直径、 小于所述定子的内圆表面的直径。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的永磁电机， 其特征在于， 所述隔板采用隔热材料制成。 、 根据权利要求 3所述的永磁电机， 其特征在于， 所述转子压圏背对所述隔板的表面 上设置有凹槽或突起。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的永磁电机， 其特征在于， 所述隔板采用绝缘材料制成。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5中任意一项所述的永磁电机， 其特征在于， 所述轴向通风孔为 沿所述齿部的高度方向延伸的锥形孔， 且所述轴向通风孔靠近所述齿部头部一端的宽度大 于其靠近所述齿部根部一端的宽度。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的永磁电机， 其特征在于， 所述轴向通风孔的横截面轮廓线包 括靠近所述齿部头部一側的圆弧状第一轮廓线、 靠近所述齿部根部一侧的圆孤状第二轮廓 线以及连接在该第一轮廓线两端与该第二轮廓线两端之间的直线状第三轮廓线。
8、 根据权利要求 1至 5中任意一项所述的永磁电机， 其特征在于， 在所述机壳上设置 有流体进口和流体出口， 所述流体进口与所述第一内腔连通， 所述流体出口与所述第二内 腔连通。
9、 一种制冷压缩机， 包括电机， 其特征在于， 所述电机为根据权利要求 1至 8中任一 项所述的永磁电机。
10、根据权利要求 9所述的制冷压缩机， 其特征在于， 所述制冷压缩机为离心式制冷压 缩机或螺杆式制冷压缩机。
11、一种空调机组， 包括压缩机、 冷凝器、 主路节流元件及蒸发器， 所述压缩机、 所述 冷凝器、所述主路节流元件和所述蒸发器通过管道连接组成制冷剂循环回路，其特征在于， 所述压缩机为根据权利要求 9或 10所述的制冷压缩机， 且所述冷媒进口经辅路节流元件与 所述冷凝器的出口连通， 所述冷媒出口与所述压缩机的吸气口连通。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的空调机组， 其特征在于， 还包括闪发器， 该闪发器连接在 所述冷凝器与所述蒸发器之间， 或者所述流体进口经所述辅路节流元件与所述闪发器的液 体出口连通。
PCT/CN2014/083628 2013-08-13 2014-08-04 永磁电机、制冷压缩机及空调机组 WO2015021872A1 (zh)

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